CN106900757B - A kind of bitter pueraria root extract and the Pesticidal combination of Osthole and application thereof for preventing and treating agricultural pests - Google Patents
A kind of bitter pueraria root extract and the Pesticidal combination of Osthole and application thereof for preventing and treating agricultural pests Download PDFInfo
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- CN106900757B CN106900757B CN201710232872.4A CN201710232872A CN106900757B CN 106900757 B CN106900757 B CN 106900757B CN 201710232872 A CN201710232872 A CN 201710232872A CN 106900757 B CN106900757 B CN 106900757B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/20—Fabaceae or Leguminosae [Pea or Legume family], e.g. pea, lentil, soybean, clover, acacia, honey locust, derris or millettia
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Pesticidal combination, the active constituent in the Pesticidal combination is the composition that weight ratio is 1:3~3:1 hardship pueraria root extract and Osthole, and the Pesticidal combination is further configured to microemulsion.Pesticidal combination of the invention compared to single agent for, insecticidal spectrum is wide, has synergistic effect, and use cost can be effectively reduced, pest resistance to insecticide is reduced, and the agricultural pests such as cabbage pieris, diamondback moth, maize army worm, tea geometrid, smaller green leaf hopper can be effectively prevented.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of pesticide, it is related to a kind of for preventing and treating the pharmaceutical agent combinations of agricultural pests, relates more specifically to
Pharmaceutical agent combinations are configured to microemulsion, for the agricultural evil such as diamondback moth, cabbage pieris, maize army worm, tea geometrid, smaller green leaf hopper
The prevention and treatment of worm.
Technical background
China is large agricultural country, and agriculture healthy and sustainable development has great importance to the economic society stabilization in China.
But the agricultural pests being becoming increasingly rampant harm the crops in agricultural production, growth, development, influence quality of agricultural product and yield, sternly
It can lead to crops total crop failure when weight, cause damages to wide farmers.Have become the important bottleneck for restricting agricultural development.
Agricultural insect management method becomes wide farmers concern, presently, there are physical control, cultural control,
Chemical prevention etc..Wherein, physical control make because its environmental protection, it is easy due to attract attention, but its disadvantage with high costs also allows use
Person is difficult to receive.Cultural control is time-consuming and laborious to become ancillary measure because effect is poor.And chemical prevention is because having insecticidal spectrum
Extensively, rapidly and efficiently, application method multiplicity is easy, without geographical restrictions with season limit the features such as, it has also become prevention and treatment agricultural pests
Predominant methods, be widely used in agricultural production practice.But a large amount of, permanent, unconfined pesticide abuse has resulted in
Many consequences, such as residual exceeded, the soil pesticide residue of agriculture, water pollution and the generation of agricultural pests drug resistance and ferocious once again
It is rampant.Plant insecticide has efficient, low toxicity, low-residual, degradable, environmental-friendly feature, it has also become substitution chemical synthesis
One important channel of insecticide.But the current generally existing drug effect of plant insecticide is played slowly and is not easy as peasant household's receiving
Problem.Therefore the quick-acting and lasting effect that improve plant insecticide have become an important trend of botanical pesticide exploitation.
Bitter Pueraria lobota category pulse family Pueraria lobota category, voluble herb, alias Yunnan kudzu are distributed widely in the ground such as Southwestern China, and resource is extremely
It is abundant.Li Biao etc. is the study found that bitter Pueraria lobota n-butanol extract has certain food refusal and toxic action to corn borer and cabbage butterfly；
The discovery such as Shi Rui, it is a kind of potential plant insecticide that bitter Pueraria lobota n-butanol extract, which also has toxic action to corn Rhopalosiphum spp,
Have many advantages, such as that biological pesticide low toxicity, low-residual, degradable, desinsection quick-acting is strong.It simultaneously can be mixed with biological pesticide, chemical pesticide
With use, it also can be used as insect attractant and carry out insect-killing trapping.Osthole is primarily present in the fruit of Umbelliferae frutus cnidii
The substance with insecticidal activity, not only medically there is extensive effect, while also having both antibacterial and insecticidal activity,
There is toxic action to larvas such as cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moths.Xia Changxiu etc. has found Osthole pulvis to sitophilus zea-mais, the flat paddy in long angle
The storage pests such as robber, lesser grain borer have insecticidal activity.The strong bitter pueraria root extract of quick-acting and insecticide Osthole are compounded,
Vegetable insecticide can be improved to the effect of control of insect.Currently, not yet bitter pueraria root extract and Osthole are answered in discovery
Match and is used for the relevant report in terms of agricultural insect pests control.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the complex composition of bitter pueraria root extract and Osthole, and the two has synergistic effect, further,
The two is prepared into microemulsion, the agricultural pests such as prevention and treatment diamondback moth, cabbage pieris, tea geometrid, maize army worm, smaller green leaf hopper.
Based on this purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of Pesticidal combination, which is characterized in that it is 1:3~3 that the active constituent in the Pesticidal combination, which is weight ratio:
The composition of 1 bitter pueraria root extract and Osthole.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the two is 1:1~3:1；It is highly preferred that the weight ratio of the two is 2:1.
Further, the present invention also provides a kind of microemulsions, which is characterized in that it includes above-mentioned Pesticidal combination and helps
Agent；Wherein the dosage of Pesticidal combination be 1~20%, auxiliary agent be solvent 20~40%, emulsifier 10~25%, cosolvent 5~
15%, antifreezing agent 3~5%, remaining supplies 100% with water.
The solvent is methanol.
The emulsifier is styryl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, polyaryl phenol polyethenoxy
The combination of one or more of ether phosphate.
The cosolvent is isopropanol, one kind of n-butanol or mixture.
The antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol.
Preferably, the dosage of effective component is 5~15%；It is highly preferred that the dosage of effective component is 10%；
Further, the present invention provides above-mentioned Pesticidal combination and/or microemulsion prevention and treatment diamondback moth, cabbage pieris, small
The purposes of diamond-back moth, tea geometrid, smaller green leaf hopper.
The bitter pueraria root extract is dried in 80 DEG C of baking ovens the preparation method comprises the following steps: the root of bitter Pueraria lobota to be cut into the segment of l-2cm long
It is dry, it crushed 50 meshes, collect spare.Refluxing extraction is carried out at 70 DEG C using 75% ethanol water, each 8h extracts 3
It is secondary, leaching liquor is collected, residue is filtered to remove, leaching liquor is concentrated under reduced pressure, collection obtains dry medicinal extract.Medicinal extract is diluted with water,
With extracting n-butyl alcohol, the ratio of extractant and concentrate aqueous is 4:1, and extract liquor is concentrated and dried, concentrate AB-8 resin
Static Adsorption is stayed overnight.The mixed solvent elution for being 3:7 with water and methanol ratio, eluent is concentrated and dried, and as bitter Pueraria lobota is extracted
Object.
Unless otherwise indicated, " % " in this specification is " weight percent ".
The preparation method of the application microemulsion: each components in certain proportion measured is put into emulsification cutter；High speed is cut
It cuts 30 minutes, the product can be obtained, used by spraying after dilution.
Microemulsion is a kind of novel environment friendly dosage form of water baseization, and powder is fine, sprawls rapidly on body wall, is easy to permeate elder brother
Polypide wall, to play better toxic action to harmful insect.Effective component used in microemulsion of the invention is plant source medicinal
Agent, to person poultry harmless, is suitble to use in various crop to non-target organism and Environmental security, can effectively prevent diamondback moth,
The agricultural pests such as cabbage pieris, maize army worm, tea geometrid, smaller green leaf hopper.Meanwhile using mixed dosage form, come compared to single agent
It says, insecticidal spectrum is wide, has synergistic effect, and can effectively reduce use cost, reduces pest resistance to insecticide.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention with following specific example into
Row explanation, but the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments.
The root of bitter Pueraria lobota: being cut into the segment of l-2cm long by bitter pueraria root extract preparation method, is dried in 80 DEG C of baking ovens, is crushed
50 meshes are crossed, are collected spare.Refluxing extraction is carried out at 70 DEG C using 75% ethanol water, each 8h is extracted 3 times, is collected
Leaching liquor is filtered to remove residue, and leaching liquor is concentrated under reduced pressure, and collection obtains dry medicinal extract.Medicinal extract is diluted with water, n-butanol is used
The ratio of extraction, extractant and concentrate aqueous is 4:1, and extract liquor is concentrated and dried, concentrate AB-8 resin Static Adsorption
Overnight.The mixed solvent elution for being 3:7 with water and methanol ratio, eluent is concentrated and dried, as bitter pueraria root extract.
One, embodiment is prepared
Embodiment 1:
Bitter pueraria root extract 2.5wt%；Osthole 7.5wt%；Methanol 25wt%, styryl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether
8wt%；Isopropanol 9wt%；Ethylene glycol 5wt%；Surplus is supplied with water.
Embodiment 2:
Bitter pueraria root extract 3.3wt%；Osthole 6.7wt%；Methanol 25wt%, styryl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether
8wt%；Isopropanol 9wt%；Ethylene glycol 5wt%；Surplus is supplied with water.
Embodiment 3:
Bitter pueraria root extract 5wt%；Osthole 5wt%；Methanol 25wt%, styryl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether 8wt%；
Isopropanol 9wt%；Ethylene glycol 5wt%；Surplus is supplied with water.
Embodiment 4:
Bitter pueraria root extract 6.7wt%；Osthole 3.3wt%；Methanol 25wt%, styryl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether
8wt%；Isopropanol 9wt%；Ethylene glycol 5wt%；Surplus is supplied with water.
Embodiment 5:
Bitter pueraria root extract 7.5wt%；Osthole 2.5wt%；Methanol 25wt%, styryl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether
8wt%；Isopropanol 9wt%；Ethylene glycol 5wt%；Surplus is supplied with water.
Embodiment 6:
Bitter pueraria root extract 2wt%；Osthole 1wt%；Methanol 25wt%, styryl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether 8wt%；
Isopropanol 9wt%；Ethylene glycol 5wt%；Surplus is supplied with water.
Embodiment 7:
Bitter pueraria root extract 4wt%；Osthole 2wt%；Methanol 25wt%, styryl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether 8wt%；
Isopropanol 9wt%；Ethylene glycol 5wt%；Surplus is supplied with water.
Embodiment 8:
Bitter pueraria root extract 6wt%；Osthole 3wt%；Methanol 25wt%, styryl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether 8wt%；
Isopropanol 9wt%；Ethylene glycol 5wt%；Surplus is supplied with water.
Embodiment 9:
Bitter pueraria root extract 8wt%；Osthole 4wt%；Methanol 25wt%, styryl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether 8wt%；
Isopropanol 9wt%；Ethylene glycol 5wt%；Surplus is supplied with water.
Two, biological Examples
1, indoor bactericidal activity measures
1.1 Study on Fungicide Toxicity
Referring to farm-chemical indoor determination test rule, using dip method measurement for examination single dose to the poison of 3 age armyworm larvaes
Kill activity.Bitter pueraria root extract and Osthole are respectively set into 5 concentration for the treatment of (being diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide solvent).Take 3 age of mythimna separata
Larva impregnates 10s in each concentration liquid, takes out, blots extra medical fluid with blotting paper, be placed in the clean appearance for being placed with fresh food
In device.Dimethyl sulfoxide compares.Each concentration handles 20, is repeated 4 times.Then processed test worm is put into artificial intelligence
Raising in climate box culture (28 DEG C ± 1 DEG C, RH=80%).Number of dead and live insects is checked after 72h, cannot normally creep as death.
The insect population death rate, corrected mortality are calculated, and finds out by probit analysis method the toxicity regression curve and LC of two single doses50Value.
The complex role research of 1.2 bitter pueraria root extract objects and Osthole
Bitter pueraria root extract and Osthole are compounded: two kinds of raw medicines being configured to by effective component, 3:1,2:1,1:
1,1:2,1:3, totally 5 proportions (mass ratio).Above-mentioned formula presses Study on Fungicide Toxicity method respectively and carries out toxicity test.
Mixture synergy is evaluated, with LC50Based on value, mixture joint is evaluated by calculating mixture co-toxicity coefficient
Type of action.
CTC>=120 are synergistic effect, and 80≤CTC<120 are summation action, and CTC<80 are antagonism.
2. test result
2.1 Study on Fungicide Toxicity results
The Toxicity Determination result of the 12 kinds of medicaments of table to mythimna separata
As it can be seen from table 1 LC of the bitter Pueraria lobota crude extract to 3 age armyworm larvaes50For 237.9669 μ g/mL；Osthole is to 3
The LC of age armyworm larvae50For 606.5469 μ g/mL.
The The Toxicity Determination result of the bitter pueraria root extract of table 2 and fructus cnidii complex to 3 age armyworm larvaes
As shown in Table 2, all proportions of bitter pueraria root extract and fructus cnidii complex show certain synergistic effect, but
Different compound proportion coefficient of synergism difference.Wherein, it is malicious altogether when the compound proportion of bitter Pueraria lobota crude extract and Osthole is 2:1
Coefficient highest is 206.92.
Two, field experiment
1. test method
Cabbage caterpillar and diamondback moth test are carried out in Chengdu double fluid area；Maize army worm test is carried out in Wenjiang district of Chengdu city；
Tea geometrid test is carried out in Ya'an Mingshan County.Experimental field soil types is clay, and soil fertility is medium, cell cultivation condition one
It causes.Plot area 40m2, centre setting isolation strip.It is each to implement in cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, mythimna separata and tea geometrid controlling experiment
Example presses effective component 30g/hm2Dosage plant is sprayed, medicament control is that 1% Osthole EC and 10% are bitter
Pueraria root extract microemulsion, dosage are effective component 30g/hm2；In smaller green leaf hopper controlling experiment, each embodiment by effectively at
Divide 3g/hm2Dosage it is spraying against plant, medicament control is 1% Osthole EC and 10% bitter pueraria root extract micro emulsion
Agent, dosage are effective component 3g/hm2；, to spray clear water as blank control, tests every processing and be repeated 4 times, random district's groups
Carry out cell arrangement.1d, 3d, 7d and 14d investigate the borer population in each cell after application, according to the worm of clear water check plot and treatment region
Number calculates control efficiency, and carries out significance difference analysis.
In formula: TaThe individual amount survived after the prevention and treatment of-treatment region；TbThe individual amount survived before the prevention and treatment of-treatment region；
CaThe individual amount survived after the prevention and treatment of-check plot；CbThe individual amount survived before the prevention and treatment of-check plot.
The preparation of 10% bitter pueraria root extract microemulsion: weighing omei mountain kudzuvine root extract 5kg, be dissolved in 10kg n-butanol, then
Alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 2.5kg, calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate 7.5kg is added, is mixed in the case where temperature is 45 DEG C of stirring condition；
While agitating, water ion water 25kg is slowly added dropwise, continues to stir 1h after completion of dropwise addition to get micro- to 10% bitter pueraria root extract
Emulsion 50kg.Resulting preparation meets national microemulsion performance indicator requirement on the Testing index such as stability, appearance.
2. test result
11 microemulsions such as bitter pueraria root extract and Osthole and the two compounding are determined to maize army worm, Brussels sprouts
Green worm, diamondback moth, tea geometrid, tea lesser leafhopper field control effect, be shown in Table 3, table 4, table 5, table 6 and table 7.
As can be seen that different embodiments are to maize army worm, cabbage pieris, pickles from table 3,4 table 5 of table and 6 preventive effect of table
Moth and tea geometrid have different degrees of preventive and therapeutic effect.It is certain in the two effective content, in the embodiment of different proportion compounding,
The two proportion be 2:1 when (embodiment 4), it is best to the above pest controling effect, be higher than it is other proportion (embodiment 1, embodiment 2,
Embodiment 3, embodiment 5, comparison medicament processing).It is constant matching, in the embodiment of effective content variation, when effective component exists
When 9wt%, the preventive effect of compound drug is best, when active constituent content is higher than 9wt%, imitates to the prevention and treatment of the insect pests such as maize army worm
Fruit is without (embodiment 9) is significantly improved, when active constituent content is lower than 9wt% (embodiment 6, embodiment 7), to maize army worm etc.
The control efficiency of insect pest is decreased obviously；.It can be seen that in conjunction with two kinds of embodiments when bitter pueraria root extract and Osthole effective component
For 10wt%, and the two proportion be that 2:1 is best available component content and matches (embodiment 4), to Corn mythimna separata, Brussels sprouts
Green worm,
Diamondback moth and tea geometrid have good control efficiency.
It can be seen from the data in Table 7 that different embodiments have different degrees of preventive and therapeutic effect, effect to tea lesser leafhopper
Obviously higher than 1% Osthole EC of comparison medicament and 10% bitter pueraria root extract microemulsion.Wherein, in the two effective content one
It is fixed, in the embodiment of different proportion compounding, when both bitter pueraria root extract and Osthole proportion are 2:1 (embodiment 4), to tea
Smaller green leaf hopper control efficiency is best, is higher than other proportions (embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, at embodiment 5 and comparison medicament
Reason).It is constant matching, in the embodiment of effective content variation, (embodiment 6 and implementation when active constituent content is lower than 9wt%
Example 7), the control efficiency of tea lesser leafhopper is remarkably decreased；When active constituent content is higher than 9wt%, to tea lesser leafhopper
Control efficiency is compared to embodiment 8 without significantly improving (embodiment 9).Thus comprehensive to can be seen that when bitter pueraria root extract and cnidium monnieri
Sub- element effective component is 10wt%, and it is best available component content and proportion that the two proportion, which is 2:1, is had very to tea lesser leafhopper
Good control efficiency.
These results suggest that when bitter pueraria root extract and Osthole effective component are 10wt%, when the two proportion is 2:1
(embodiment 4) has good field control effect to maize army worm, cabbage pieris, diamondback moth, tea geometrid, tea lesser leafhopper,
And (embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 5, embodiment 6, embodiment 7, embodiment 8 are implemented better than other embodiments
Example 9 and comparison medicament processing).
The field efficacy of the different embodiment processing prevention and treatment maize army worms of table 3
The field efficacy of the different embodiment processing prevention and treatment cabbage caterpillars of table 4
The field efficacy of the different embodiment processing prevention and treatment diamondback moths of table 5
The field efficacy of the different embodiment processing prevention and treatment tea geometrids of table 6
The field efficacy of the different embodiment processing prevention and treatment tea lesser leafhoppers of table 7
Pesticidal combination of the bitter pueraria root extracts of prevention and treatment agricultural pests of the invention a kind of and Osthole and application thereof is
It is described by specific embodiment.Those skilled in the art can use for reference the appropriate feed change of the contents of the present invention, work
The links such as skill condition realize corresponding other purposes, and correlation changes all without departing from the contents of the present invention, all similar
Replacement and change are it will become apparent to those skilled in the art that be considered as being included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Pesticidal combination, which is characterized in that the active constituent in the Pesticidal combination is that weight ratio is 1:3~3:1
The composition of bitter pueraria root extract and Osthole；
The bitter pueraria root extract is dried in 80 DEG C of baking ovens the preparation method comprises the following steps: the root of bitter Pueraria lobota to be cut into the segment of l-2cm long,
Crushed 50 meshes, collection is spare, and refluxing extraction is carried out at 70 DEG C using 75% ethanol water, and each 8h is extracted 3 times,
Leaching liquor is collected, residue is filtered to remove, leaching liquor is concentrated under reduced pressure, collection obtains dry medicinal extract；Medicinal extract is diluted with water, with just
The ratio of butanol, before immunoassay, extractant and concentrate aqueous is 4:1, and extract liquor is concentrated and dried, and concentrate is static with AB-8 resin
Absorption is overnight；The mixed solvent elution for being 3:7 with water and methanol ratio, eluent is concentrated and dried, as bitter pueraria root extract.
2. Pesticidal combination according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the weight ratio of bitter pueraria root extract and Osthole is
1:1~3:1.
3. Pesticidal combination according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the weight ratio of bitter pueraria root extract and Osthole is
2:1。
4. a kind of microemulsion, which is characterized in that it includes the claims 1 to 3 any Pesticidal combinations and auxiliary agent；Wherein
The dosage of Pesticidal combination is 1~20 weight %, and auxiliary agent is 20~40 weight % of solvent, 10~25 weight % of emulsifier, hydrotropy
5~15 weight % of agent, 3~5 weight % of antifreezing agent, remaining supplies 100 weight % with water.
5. microemulsion according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the solvent is methanol.
6. microemulsion according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the emulsifier is styryl phenyl polyoxyethylene
The combination of one or more of ether, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, polyarylphenol-polyoxyethylene ether phosphate.
7. microemulsion according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the cosolvent be isopropanol, n-butanol one kind or
Mixture.
8. microemulsion according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol.
9. microemulsion according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the dosage of Pesticidal combination is 5~15 weight %.
10. Pesticidal combination according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or any microemulsion prevention and treatment of claim 4 to 9
Cabbage pieris, diamondback moth, maize army worm, tea tree tea geometrid, smaller green leaf hopper purposes.
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