CN1227400C - 复合非织造片材 - Google Patents
复合非织造片材 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1227400C CN1227400C CNB008111383A CN00811138A CN1227400C CN 1227400 C CN1227400 C CN 1227400C CN B008111383 A CNB008111383 A CN B008111383A CN 00811138 A CN00811138 A CN 00811138A CN 1227400 C CN1227400 C CN 1227400C
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- composite sheet
- fiber
- weight
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- polyethylene
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
- D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/4291—Olefin series
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- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H1/4334—Polyamides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
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- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
- D04H1/43828—Composite fibres sheath-core
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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- D04H1/43838—Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres
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- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明提供一种复合片材,其包含具有第一侧和相对的第二侧的第一纤维层和粘合到第一纤维层第一侧的第二纤维层。第一纤维层是多组分熔喷纤维网,该纤维网包含至少95%(重量)的平均有效直径小于10μm的熔喷纤维。该熔喷纤维网由10%~98%(重量)聚乙烯和90%~2%(重量)熔融温度大于140℃或玻璃化转变温度至少40℃的成纤合成聚合物组成。第二纤维层包含至少95%(重量)第二层纤维,后者的平均有效直径大于第一纤维层的熔喷纤维的平均有效直径。复合片材的织物单位重量小于120g/m2,抓样拉伸强度至少35N,静压头至少10cm。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及非织造织物,更具体地说,涉及包含熔喷细纤维防渗层的复合非织造织物。本发明的非织造织物适用于服装、揩布、卫生用品、和医用制品如外科用长衫和帘幕、绷带、杀菌外衣头巾及绷带。
相关技术叙述
将热塑性树脂挤出制造纤维已经多年。这些树脂包括聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺和聚氨酯。将挤出纤维制造成各种非织造织物,包括复合层合制品如纺粘-熔喷-纺粘(“SMS”)复合片材。在SMS复合制品中,外层是纺粘纤维层,对整个复合制品提供强度,而芯层是熔喷纤维层,提供防渗性能。习惯上,SMS复合制品的纺粘层和熔喷层由聚丙烯纤维制造。
在某些应用中,如医用长衫,希望SMS复合片材具有良好的强度和防渗性能,同时还是尽可能柔软和可悬垂的。在聚丙烯基SMS织物提供良好强度和防渗性能时,其往往不象对服装制品所希望的那样柔软和可悬垂。聚丙烯基SMS织物还有不能用γ射线杀菌的限制,因为在用γ射线杀菌时这种织物会褪色和变弱,还因为聚丙烯基SMS织物在γ射线杀菌时产生令人不愉快的气味。在聚合物纤维或织物以γ射线杀菌时,纤维或织物的强度显著降低、纤维或织物外观明显改变、或者产生有害气味,通常认为其不能辐射杀菌。对于聚丙烯基SMS织物而言,不能经受γ射线杀菌是一个大问题,因为医药工业普遍应用辐射方法杀菌。
美国专利No.5,484,645和5,498,463公开了具有夹在纺粘层之间的聚乙烯熔喷层SMS复合织物。在美国专利No.5,484,645中,纺粘层由自聚乙烯和诸如聚酯的熔点较高的聚合物熔纺的双组分纤维组成。在美国专利No.5,498,463中,纺粘层由聚乙烯、聚丙烯或两个组分聚乙烯/聚丙烯熔纺纤维组成。已经证明,当熔喷纤维芯由聚乙烯纤维制造时,难以始终如一地制造出具有所希望的防渗性能的SMS织物。这大概因为聚乙烯纤维没有制造具有许多最终应用所需要的防渗性能的纤维网所要求的那么细。
美国专利No.5,616,408公开了一种SMS复合织物,其中熔喷纤维由聚乙烯和聚乙烯加工稳定组分的共混物组成。稳定组分加到聚乙烯中,这样使柔软的高伸长聚乙烯树脂增强,结果树脂能被熔喷,不会大量形成硬粒、聚合物珠等。公开的稳定组分是其它聚合物如聚烯烃、聚酯或聚酰胺,加入到聚乙烯中的量为聚乙烯聚合物重量的约1-15%(重量)。还有,公开的稳定组分是加入聚乙烯的交联剂,交联剂的量是聚乙烯聚合物重量的0.05~1%(重量)。在发现自聚乙烯和诸如聚酯稳定组分的共混物形成的熔喷纤维产生较少飞毛和硬粒时,由这种聚乙烯共混物组成的熔喷层所具有的防渗性能小于旨在防渗性能是重要的最终应用SMS织物熔喷层所希望的防渗性能。
发明概述
提供了一种复合片材,其包括第一纤维层,它具有第一侧和相对的第二侧,还包括第二纤维层,它粘合到第一纤维层的第一侧上。第一纤维层是多组分熔喷纤维网,该纤维网包含至少95%(重量)的平均有效直径小于10μm的熔喷纤维。多组分熔喷纤维网由10~98%(重量)的第一聚合物组分和90~2%(重量)不同于所述第一聚合物组分的第二聚合物组分组成。第一聚合物组分是至少85%(重量)聚乙烯,第二聚合物组分是熔融温度高于140℃或玻璃化转变温度至少40℃的成纤合成聚合物。第二纤维层包含至少95%(重量)的第二层纤维,其平均有效直径大于第一纤维层熔喷纤维的平均有效直径。复合片材的织物单位重量小于120g/m2,机器方向和横向的抓样拉伸强度为至少35N,静压头为至少10cm。
按照本发明的优选实施方案,多组分熔喷纤维网的第二聚合物组分是聚酯聚合物,优选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯,及其共聚物和三元共聚物。
按照本发明,在多组分熔喷纤维网中至少10%纤维是具有长度的双组分纤维,在这种双组分纤维中第一和第二聚合物组分的排列方式,使第一和第二聚合物组分分别基本上在双组分纤维整个长向延伸。优选,双组分纤维的第一和第二聚合物组分以并列配置方式排列,其中第一和第二聚合物组分分别基本上在第一层纤维的整个长度延伸。
按照本发明的优选实施方案,第二层纤维是平均有效直径至少5μm的基本连续的熔纺纤维。优选,第二层纤维是多组分熔纺纤维,其包含聚乙烯聚合物和另一种截然不同的第二聚合物组分,其中聚乙烯聚合物组分占所述第二层纤维的至少5%(重量)。第二层纤维的第二聚合物组分优选自聚酯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯聚合物。第二层纤维的熔纺纤维优选平均有效直径为6~10μm,机器方向和横向抓样拉伸强度为至少35牛顿,静压头至少3cm。第二层纤维的熔纺纤维可以是皮芯双组分纤维,其具有聚乙烯皮和聚酯芯。本发明复合片材优选包含粘合到所述第一纤维层的第二侧上的第三纤维层。第三纤维层优选由平均有效直径至少5μm的基本连续的熔纺纤维组成。优选,第一纤维层热粘合到所述第二和第三纤维层上。
按照本发明的一个实施方案,复合片材由可γ射线杀菌的纤维层组成。所优选的复合片材的织物单位重量为30~90g/m2,机器方向和横向抓样拉伸强度为至少40N,静压头为至少20cm。进一步优选复合片材具有织物单位重量70g/m2以下,水冲击力5g以下。本发明的更优选的复合片材具有静压头至少35cm,水冲击力2g以下,Frazier空气渗透率至少1m3/min/m2。
本发明还涉及自上述复合片材制造的服装和制造上述复合片材的方法。
附图简述
引入本说明书并构成本说明书一部分的附图举例说明了本发明的现优选的实施方案。
图1是按照本发明的一个实施方案的复合非织造织物的横截面略图。
图2是按照本发明的另一个实施方案的复合非织造织物的横截面略图。
图3是用来制造用于本发明复合非织造织物的熔喷纤维的部分设备的示意图。
图4是用来制造用于本发明复合非织造织物的纺粘非织造层的设备的示意说明图。
图5是用来制造本发明复合非织造织物的设备的示意说明图。
图6是采用具有聚酯和聚乙烯组分的各种组合的熔喷双组分纤维网制造的许多非织造复合片材的静压防渗性能图。
图7是用来制造用于本发明复合非织造织物的熔喷纤维的部分设备的示意图。
定义
在本文中所用的术语“聚合物”一般包括但不限于均聚物、共聚物(例如:嵌工段、接枝、无规和交替共聚物)、三元共聚物等、及其共混物和改性物。另外,除非另有具体限定,术语“聚合物”应当包括材料的所有几何构型。这些构型包括但不限于全同立构、间同立构和无规对称性。
本文所用术语“聚烯烃”意指一系列的仅由碳和氢组成的高度饱和的开链聚合烃类的任何品种。典型聚烯烃包括但不限于聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚甲基戊烯、以及乙烯、丙烯和甲基戊烯单体的各种组合。
本文所用术语“聚乙烯”意欲不仅包括乙烯均聚物,而且也包括其中至少85%重复单元是乙烯单元的共聚物。
本文所用术语“聚丙烯”意欲不仅包括丙烯的均聚物,而且也包括其中至少85%重复单元是丙烯单元的共聚物。
本文所用术语“聚酯”意欲包括其中至少85%重复单元是羧酸和二羟基醇的缩合产物的聚合物,其中聚合物键通过形成酯单元来产生。其包括但不限于芳族、脂族、饱和和不饱和酸和二醇。本文所用术语“聚酯”也包括共聚物(如嵌工段、接枝、无规和交替共聚物)、共混物及其改性物。聚酯的一般例子是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,它是乙二醇和对苯二甲酸的缩合产物。
本文所用术语“熔喷纤维”意指通过将熔融热塑性聚合物挤压经过许多细的通常是圆形的毛细管成为熔融线或丝进入高速气(如空气)流所形成的纤维。高速气流使熔融热塑性聚合物材料的丝拉细,使其直径减少到0.5-10μm。熔喷纤维一般是不连续的纤维。熔喷纤维被高速气流携带着一般置于收集表面上,形成无规分散的纤维的纤维网。
本文所用术语“熔纺纤维”意指小直径纤维,它是通过将熔融热塑性聚合物材料从喷丝板的大量、细的通常是圆形的毛细孔中以丝的形式挤出,然后挤出的丝的直径快速下降而形成的。熔纺纤维一般是连续的,其平均直径高于约5μm。
本文所用术语“非织造织物、片材或纤维网”意指一种以无规方式放置的单纤维或线的结构,其形成不具有象在针织织物中那样的可认别图形的平面材料。
本文所用的术语“多组分熔喷纤维网”意指熔喷纤维,它是自细毛细孔以含有许多截然不同的聚合物组分的熔融长丝的形式纺出的,熔融丝被高速气流拉细并以无规分散纤维的纤维网形式置于收集表面上。
本文所用术语“机器方向”是片材平面中的长向,即,生产片材的方向。“横向”是在片材平面中垂直于机器方向的方向。
检验方法
在上述叙述和如下非限制性的实施例中,使用如下检验方法测定所报告的各种特性和性能。ASTM指美国材料试验协会,AATCC指美国纺织化学家和染色家协会。
织物单位重量是单位面积织物或片材的质量的一种度量,采用ASTM D-3776进行测定,该方法在此引入供作参考,以g/m2为单位来报告。
抓样拉伸强度是片材断裂强度的一种度量,采用ASTM D 5034进行测定,该方法在此引入作为参考,以牛顿为单位来报告。
片材伸长率是在抓样拉伸强度试验中在破坏(断裂)之前片材伸长数量的一种度量,采用ASTM D 5034进行检验,该方法在此引入作为参考,以百分数报告。
静压头是片材在静压下抗液态水渗透的一种度量。试验按AATCC-127进行,该方法在此引入作为参考,以厘米为单位报告。
Frazier空气渗透率是空气流在片材表面之间的固定压力差下流过片材的一种度量,按照ASTM D 737进行检验,在此引入作为参考,以m3/min/m2为单位报告。
水冲击力是片材抵抗冲击水渗透的一种度量,按照AATCC 42-1989进行检验,在此引入作为参考,以克为单位报告。
发明详述
作为参考下文详述本发明现优选的实施方案,其实施例在下文中举例说明。本发明复合非织造片材示于图1中。片材10是三层复合的织物,其中内层14由很细的聚合物纤维组成,夹在外层12和16之间,这两层均由较粗的较坚固的粘合纤维组成。内层14的很细的纤维,在形成内层14时,形成具有极细通道的防渗层。层14起防止流体渗透的作用,但是不能防止水蒸气通过。粘合纤维层12和16由较粗的较强的纤维组成,其赋予复合片材强度,在某些情况下还赋予防渗性。本发明的复合片材还可以以两层复合制品18的形式形成,如图2所示。在双层的复合片材中,细纤维层14附着在较粗的较强的粘合层12的仅仅一侧上。按照本发明的另一个供选择的实施方案,复合片材可以由诸如层14的多层细纤维层制成,或者其可以由诸如层12和16的两层以上的较粗的较强的纤维层制成。
细纤维层14包含多组分熔喷纤维网。多组分熔喷纤维网由至少两种同时自一系列纺丝孔纺出的聚合物形成。优选,多组分熔喷纤维网是由两种聚合物制成的双组分纤维网。在双组分纤维网中纤维的结构优选为并列排列,其中大多数纤维由两种并列的聚合物组分构成,这些组分基本上沿着每根纤维的整个长度延伸。或者,这些双组分纤维可以具有皮/芯排列,其中一种聚合物由另一种聚合物所围绕;还可以具有海岛排列,其中许多一种聚合物条嵌在另一种聚合物中;或者具有任何其它多组分纤维结构。不希望受理论的束缚,认为,实际上熔喷纤维的拉细可以将多组分丝破裂成更细的丝,其中一些可能含有仅仅一种聚合物组分。在层14的多组分熔喷纤维网中的纤维一般是非连续的纤维,其平均有效直径为约0.5μm~10μm,更优选为约1~6μm,最优选为约2~4μm。在本文中所用的不规则横截面纤维的“有效直径”等于具有相同横截面积的假想圆形纤维的直径。
按照本发明的一个优选实施方案,层14的多组分熔喷纤维网的第一聚合物组分包含至少85%聚乙烯。优选地,聚乙烯是线性低密度聚乙烯,其熔体指数至少10g/10min(按照ASTM D-1238测定,2.16kg,在190℃下),熔融范围上限为约120°~140℃,密度0.86~0.97g/cm3。特别优选的聚乙烯是熔体指数为150g/10min(按照ASTM D-1238)的线性低密度聚乙烯,可以ASPUN 6831 A得自Dow Chemical公司。按照本发明的另一个实施方案,第一聚合物组分可以是乙烯共聚物,例如乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(“EVA”)、乙烯丙烯酸甲酯(“EMA”)或者SURLYN乙烯共聚物(可得自杜邦公司,Wilmington,DE)。层14的熔喷纤维网的聚乙烯组分优选占在细纤维层14中纤维网的约20%~98%(重量),更优选占在细纤维层14中纤维网的约55%~98%(重量),最优选占细纤维层14中纤维网的约65%~97%(重量)。或者,层14的熔喷纤维网的聚乙烯组分可以优选占细纤维层14中的纤维网的约10%~20%(重量)那么少。
按照本发明,层14的多组分熔喷纤维网的第二聚合物组分包含熔融温度高于140℃或玻璃化转变温度高于40℃的一种或多种成纤合成聚合物。优选,另一种聚合物或另外的多种聚合物是改善聚乙烯纤维组分纺丝的对γ射线辐射稳定的聚合物,如聚酯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯或聚苯乙烯聚合物。或者,细纤维层14的第二聚合物组分能够是诸如聚丙烯的非辐射杀菌聚合物,如果片材最终应用不需要可辐射杀菌片材的话。层14的多组分熔喷纤维网的第二聚合物组分用的最优选聚合物是聚酯聚合物,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯,以及其共聚物和三元共聚物。在层14的熔喷纤维网的第二聚合物组分中可有利地使用的聚酯有特性粘度为0.53的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(按照美国专利4,743,504中进行测定),其可以Crystar聚酯(Merge 3947)得自杜邦公司。
按照本发明的优选实施方案,层14的细纤维是按照熔喷方法制造的熔喷纤维。在熔喷法中,一台或多台挤出机将熔融聚合物送到模头末端,在那里聚合物通过细毛细管口成为纤维,形成丝帷幕。得到的丝被围绕着模头中细毛细管口的空气射流所气流拉伸并且通常断裂。所得纤维置于运动皮带或筛网、稀松布、或其它纤维层上。通过熔喷生产的纤维一般是不连续的纤维,其有效直径为约0.5~约10μm。
层14的多组分熔喷纤维网的纤维能够采用具有如图7所示毛细管模头口的熔喷设备来熔喷制造。在如图7所示的熔喷纺丝组件20的截面图中,两种不同的聚合物组分在并联挤出机(未示出)中熔融,分别以齿轮泵(未示出)计量进入导管25和26,彼此由板27所隔开。然后聚合物组分喂入毛细管孔21的管线中。或者,层14的多组分熔喷纤维网的纤维能够采用具有图3所示的毛细管模头口的熔喷设备熔喷制造,该设备较完整地叙述在美国专利No.4,795,668中,在此引入作为参考。在图3所示的熔喷模头20′的截面图中,两种不同的聚合物组分在并联挤出机23和24中熔融,分别经齿轮泵(未示出)计量,经导管25′和26′进入模头腔22中。聚合物组分自模头腔经毛细孔21′的管线挤出。按照另一种可供选择的方案,聚合物组分能够以已经分层的形式喂入到纺丝组件腔中,多组分聚合物流自纺丝组件腔送入毛细孔。
在出毛细孔之后,自通道28(图7)或通道28′(图3)供应的热空气射流将所冒出的聚合物丝拉细。不希望被理论束缚,认为空气射流可以将丝断裂成为更细的丝。认为所得的丝包括双组分丝,其中每根丝由两种不同的聚合物组分构成,这两种组分沿着熔喷纤维的长向以并列结构延伸。还认为一些断裂的丝可能含有仅仅一种聚合物组分。层14的细纤维能够换种方法通过其它已知的熔喷方法制造,例如通过单个空气喷咀围绕着每个聚合物毛细管的方法,正如美国专利No.4,380,570中所公开的。
层14的优选的多组分熔喷纤维网是由聚乙烯和聚酯所组成的双组分熔喷纤维网。聚乙烯组分可以占熔喷纤维网的10%~98%(重量)。优选,聚乙烯组分占熔喷纤维网的20%~98%(重量),聚酯组分占熔喷纤维网的2%~80%(重量)。更优选,聚乙烯组分占熔喷纤维网的55%~98%(重量),聚酯组分占熔喷纤维网的2%~45%(重量)。甚至更优选,聚乙烯组分占熔喷纤维网的65%~97%(重量),聚酯组分占熔喷纤维网的3%~35%。最优选,聚乙烯组分占熔喷纤维网的80%~95%(重量),聚酯组分占熔喷纤维网的5%~20%(重量)。
按照本发明,层12和16的较粗的、较强的粘合纤维是传统熔纺纤维或一些其它类型强力的纺粘纤维。优选,熔纺纤维是基本连续的纤维。或者,层12和16能够是气流成网或湿法成网短纤维网或梳理纤维网,其中纤维彼此结合形成坚牢的纤维网结构。层12和16的纤维应当由芯层14的含聚乙烯的细纤维能够易于粘合其上的聚合物构成。层12和16的纤维优选是可用γ射线杀菌的,即,其具有由除聚丙烯之外的聚合物组成的外层,例如聚酯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、或其一些组合。在复合织物不应用于采用辐射杀菌的最终应用中时,层12和16的纤维也能够由诸如聚丙烯的不可γ射线杀菌的聚合物组成。
层12和16的优选熔纺纤维是由聚酯和聚乙烯组成的双组分纤维。聚酯组分赋予织物强度,而聚乙烯组分使织物较软和较可悬垂。此外,聚乙烯组分的熔融温度低于纤维的聚酯组分,结果使纤维层12和16更容易采用热粘合法粘合到芯层14的细纤维上。或者,层12和16能够由单一聚合物组分纤维的共混物组成,例如,其中一部分纤维是聚乙烯纤维而一部分纤维是聚酯纤维的纺粘纤维网。
按照本发明的优选实施方案,层12和16的较粗的较强的纤维是采用高速熔纺工艺制造的基本连续的纺粘纤维,例如在美国专利No.3,802,817、5,545,371和5,885,909中公开的高速纺丝工艺,在此引入供作参考。按照优选的高速熔纺工艺,一台或多台挤出机将熔融聚合物送到纺丝组件中,在此聚合物通过出口而被纤维化形成丝幕。丝在空气骤冷区被部分地冷却。然后,丝经气流拉伸,使其尺寸下降并使强度增加。将丝置于运动皮带、稀松布或其它纤维层上。采用优选的高速熔纺工艺生产的纤维是基本连续的,其直径为5~30μm。这些纤维能够以单组分纤维的形式、多组分纤维的形式或其某些组合的形式来制造。多组分纤维能够以各种已知横截面结构的形式制造,包括并列、皮芯、嵌工段芯或海岛结构。
在高速下制造高强度双组分熔纺纤维的设备示意说明在图4中。在这种设备中,两种热塑性聚合物分别喂入料斗40和42中。料斗40的聚合物喂入挤出机44,料斗42的聚合物喂入挤出机46中。挤出机44和46分别将聚合物熔融并加压,并分别将其推压经过过滤器48和50以及计量泵52和54。自料斗40的聚合物与自料斗42的聚合物以已知方法在纺丝组件56中相结合,生产所需要的、横截面如上所述的多组分丝,例如采用美国专利No.5,162,074所公开的多组分纺丝组件,在此引入作为参考。在丝为皮芯横截面时,熔点较低的聚合物一般用于皮层,以提高热粘合性。如果需要,能够从图4中所示的多组分设备纺制单组分纤维,其方法为简单地在两个料斗40和42中放入相同的聚合物。
熔融聚合物经在喷丝板58板面上的许多毛细管口从纺丝组件56排出。毛细管口可以以普通图形在喷丝板面上排列(矩形、交错排列等),设计开口间隔以优化生产率和纤维骤冷。开口密度一般为每米组件宽500~8000孔。一般每孔聚合物排出量为0.3~5.0g/min。
从纺丝组件56挤出的丝60先以骤冷空气62冷却,然后以气流拉伸喷咀64拉伸,再铺网。通过一个或多个传统骤冷箱提供骤冷空气,使空气对准丝,空气速度为约0.3~2.5m/sec,温度为5~25℃。典型地,丝路相对侧彼此相向的两个骤冷箱用于称作共流空气配置中。在毛细管口和拉伸喷咀之间的距离在任何地方均为30~130cm,依所需纤维性能而定。骤冷丝进入气流拉伸喷咀64,在那里丝被空气66拉伸至纤维速度为2000~12,000m/min。这样进行丝的牵引,随着丝通过骤冷区,使丝得到拉伸延长。从拉伸喷咀64出来的丝67比自纺丝组件挤出的丝细而且坚固。基本连续的纤维的丝67是坚固的纤维,其拉伸强度至少1gpd,有效直径优选为5~30μm。丝67以基本连续纤维丝的形式置于铺置带或成形筛68上。拉伸喷咀64出口和铺置带之间的距离依所要求的非织造纤维网的性能变化,一般在13~76cm之间。通常通过铺置带施加真空吸力以助于固定纤维网。在需要的时候,所得纤维网12能够通过热粘合辊72和74,然后收集在辊78上。
本发明复合非织造织物能够采用图5示意的设备来连续生产。或者,能够单独地生产复合片材层,然后复合和粘合形成复合片材。图5所示的设备包括纺粘纤维网的生产工段80和94,优选其相似于图4所描述的高速熔纺设备。图5的设备还包括熔喷纤维网的生产工段82,其包括上述图3或7所描述的熔喷设备。为说明起见,两个纺粘纤维网生产工段80和94表示制造双组分纤维。预计,纺粘纤维网的生产工段80和94能够代之以为生产含有仅仅一种聚合物组分或者含有三种或多种聚合物组分的纺粘纤维网所设计的设备。还预计,能够串联使用1个以上纺粘纤维网生产工段,以生产由不同的单组分纤维或多组分纤维的混合物构成的纤维网。另外预计,工段94所用的聚合物能够不同于工段80所用的聚合物。在需要制造含有仅仅一种纺粘层和一种细纤维层的复合片材时(如图2所示),能够将第二纺粘纤维网生产工段94关闭或者取消。
按照本发明的优选实施方案,在图5所示设备的纺粘纤维网生产工段80和94中,如上图4所描述,使两种热塑性聚合物组分A和B经熔融、过滤和计量(未示出)进入纺丝组件56和96。如上图4所描述,熔融聚合物丝60和100分别经喷丝板设备58和98自纺丝组件挤出。丝可以以具有所需横截面如皮芯丝横截面的双组分丝的形式挤出。优选熔融温度较低的聚合物用于皮部分,而熔融温度较高的聚合物用于芯部分。如上所述,所得丝60和100以骤冷空气62和102来冷却。然后,丝进入气流拉伸喷咀64和104,被牵引空气66和106所拉伸,如上文图4所描述。自纺粘纤维网生产工段80的纤维67置于成形筛网68上,在带上形成纺粘层12。
按照本发明的优选实施方案,在熔喷纤维网生产工段82中,两种热塑性聚合物C和D复合制造熔喷双组分纤维网。聚合物C和D经熔融、过滤及然后计量(未示出)进入纺丝组件84。如上所述,熔融聚合物在熔喷纺丝组件84中复合,经毛细管出口86的管线离开纺丝组件。优选,纺丝组件86形成所需的并列纤维丝截面。能够应用另一种可供选择的纺丝组件设备来生产另一种纤维横截面,如皮芯横截面。自通道90送的热空气88的射流冲击到出来的丝91的相对侧面,在各根丝91从其毛细管口出来之后射流立即拉伸每根丝91。熔喷丝91在拉细过程中一般碎裂。熔喷丝纤维91置于纺粘层12上,形成多组分熔喷纤维网层14。
在使用第二纺粘纤维网生产工段94时,自纺粘纤维网生产工段80的基本连续的纺粘纤维107置于熔喷层14上,形成纤维网上的第二纺粘层16。层12和16没有必要具有相同的厚度或织物单位重量。
纺粘-熔喷-纺粘纤维网结构通过热粘合辊72和74,以便生产收集在辊78上的复合非织造纤维网10。优选,粘合辊72和74是热辊,其温度保持在复合制品中聚合物的最低熔融温度的±20℃。对于本发明的含有聚乙烯的复合片材,所施加的粘合温度为115~120℃,粘合压力为350~700N/cm,以得到良好热粘合性。粘合复合片材层的其它供选择的方法包括辊筒粘合、惯穿空气粘合、蒸气粘合和粘合剂粘合。
任选,可以将氟化物涂层施加到复合非织造纤维网10,以减小纤维表面的表面能,从而增加织物液体渗透性。例如,织物可以经后整理处理,以改善防液体渗透性,尤其改善防止低表面张力液体的渗透性。本领域众所周知许多后整理处理方法,包括喷涂、辊涂、泡沫涂布、浸渍-压榨涂布等。一般整理组分包括ZONYL氟化物(得自杜邦公司,Wilmington,DE)或REPEARL氟化物(得自Mitsubishi Int.Corp,纽约,NY)。后整理工艺能够或者与织物生产一起在线实施,或者以单独工艺步骤实施。另一种供选择的方法是,这类氟化合物也能够作为熔体添加剂纺到纤维中。
本发明的复合非织造片材10优选具有的织物单位重量为10~120g/m2,更优选30~90g/m2,最优选50~70g/m2。复合非织造片材的抓样拉伸强度,取决于所使用的热粘合条件能够在宽范围内变化。片材的典型抓样拉伸强度(机器方向和横向)为35~400N,更优选为40~300N,最优选为50~200N。复合片材的内熔喷纤维层的织物单位重量典型为2~40g/m2,更优选为5~30g/m2,最优选为12~25g/m2。复合制品外层赋予复合非织造织物强度,并且在某些情况下赋予防渗性。每个外层的织物单位重量一般为3~50g/m2,更优选为8~40g/m2,最优选为12~35g/m2。优选复合片材的各层以热粘合固定在一起,例如借助于在细纤维层14中的和/或较粗纤维层12和16中的熔融温度低的组分聚合物的熔融。按照本发明的优选实施方案,复合片材具有的静压头至少为10cm,更优选至少20cm,最优选至少35cm。还优选复合片材的水冲击力为5g以下,更优选2g以下,最优选0.5g以下。最后,优选复合片材的Frazier空气渗透率为1m3/min/m2以上,更优选为5m3/min/m2以上。
现通过如下非限制性实施例举例说明本发明,这些实施例意欲说明本发明,而不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例
制备如图1所示的复合片材。每种复合片材由夹在纺粘外层中的熔喷纤维层组成。熔喷内层按照上文参照图4所叙述的方法制造。每种复合片材的熔喷层的熔喷工艺条件报告于表1。纺粘层分别单独生产,采用高速熔纺工艺,该工艺与上文所述的图5所示的纺粘纤维网生产工段80的工艺一样。然而,代替在图5中所述的在连续方法中制备所有层的方法,采用各纺粘层单独进行纺丝、铺置和卷取来制备。两层纺粘层和熔喷层顺序退卷而复合生产纺粘-熔喷-纺粘纤维网结构,该结构经热粘合以制造复合非织造片材。在所有实施例中使用的粘合温度为115°~120℃,粘合压力为350~700N/cm。现已发现,在该粘合温度和压力范围内粘合条件的变化对粘合复合材料的防渗性和拉伸性能没有显著影响。所以以下实施例的粘合条件均报告在表2中,而没有对每个实施例进行专门讨论。测定的每个实施例复合片材的性能报告在表2中。
实施例1、1a和1b
熔喷双组分纤维网采用聚乙烯组分和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯组分制造。聚乙烯组分由熔体指数为150g/10min(按照ASTM D-1238测定)的线性低密度聚乙烯制造,可以ASPUN 6831A得自Dow公司。聚酯组分由特性粘度为0.53(按美国专利4,743,504测定)的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯制造,可以Crystar聚酯(Merge 3949)得自杜邦公司。聚酯聚合物在挤出之前进行结晶和干燥。在单独的挤出机中,聚乙烯聚合物加热至450°F(232℃),聚酯聚合物加热至572°F(300℃)。两种聚合物分别挤出、过滤和计量进入到为提供并列型丝横截面而配置的双组分纺丝组件中。纺丝组件模头加热至572°F(300℃)。模头有601个毛细管口,它们排列在24英寸(61cm)长的线上。聚合物以聚合物通过速率为0.40g/孔/min通过每个毛细管进行纺丝。拉细工艺所用空气加热到600°F(316℃),以每分钟400标准立方尺(11.33m3/min)送经两个0.8mm宽的空气通道。两个空气通道沿着毛细管口24英寸的线延伸,在毛细管组构成的线的每侧上的一个通道距毛细管口1mm。聚乙烯以2.9kg/hr的速率送入纺丝组件,聚酯以11.7kg/hr送入纺丝组件。所生产的双组分熔喷纤维网含有20%(重量)聚乙烯、80%(重量)聚酯。将丝收集在运动着的成形筛网上以生产熔喷纤维网。将熔喷纤维网收集在辊上。熔喷纤维网的织物单位重量为11.7g/m2。
纺粘外层是具有皮芯横截面的双组分纤维。纺粘纤维采用上述图4那样的设备制造。生产具有两种织物单位重量(15g/m2和30g/m2)的纺粘纤维网,用于复合片材外层。纺粘双组分纤维制造自熔体指数为27g/10min(按照ASTM D-1238测定)的线性低密度聚乙烯,该聚乙烯可以ASPUIN 6811A得自Dow公司,以及特性粘度为0.53(按照美国专利4,743,504测定)的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯聚酯,该聚酯可以Crystar聚酯(Merge 3949)得自杜邦公司。聚酯树脂在使用以前在180℃下进行结晶和在120℃下进行干燥至水含量为50ppm以下。
在单独的挤出机中将聚酯加热至290℃,将聚乙烯加热至280℃。聚合物经挤出、过滤和计量进入为提供皮芯纤维横截面而设计的、维持在295℃的双组分纺丝组件中。聚合物以喷丝板进行纺丝,生产具有聚乙烯皮和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯芯的双组分丝。对于织物单位重量15g/m2的纤维网,每个纺丝组件毛细管聚合物总通过量为0.4g/min,对于30g/m2纤维网则为0.5g/min。计量聚合物以提供30%聚乙烯皮和70%聚酯芯的长丝纤维,以纤维重量为基准计。使丝在15英寸(38.1cm)长的骤冷区冷却,所用的骤冷空气供自两个相对的骤冷箱,温度为12℃,速度为1m/sec。所得丝进入位于纺丝组件的毛细管口之下20英寸(50.8cm)的气流拉伸喷咀,丝在那里以约9000m/min的速度拉伸。所得较细的、较坚固的、基本连续的丝置于具有真空抽吸的铺置带上。在两种纤维网(15g/m2和30g/m2织物单位重量)中的纤维的有效直径为6~8μm。所得纤维网通过两个热粘合辊之间,使纤维网轻微粘合在一起并输送之,采用点粘合花纹,其温度为100℃,钳口压力为100N/cm。在粘合期间的线速度,对于织物单位重量为15g/m2的纤维网为150m/min,而对于织物单位重量为30g/m2者为100m/min。轻微粘合的纺粘纤维网分别收集在辊上。
通过将15g/m2织物单位重量纺粘纤维网退卷在运动皮带上制造复合非织造片材。将熔喷双组分纤维网退卷并铺置在运动的纺粘纤维网上。将第二卷织物单位重量为15g/m2的纺粘纤维网退卷并铺置在纺粘-熔喷纤维网顶上,生产纺粘-熔喷-纺粘复合非织造纤维网。复合纤维网在油加热的刻花金属轧辊和油加热的光滑金属轧辊之间进行热粘合。两辊直径均为466mm。刻花辊具有镀铬非淬火钢表面,其有菱形花纹,点尺寸为0.466mm2,点深为0.86,点间距为1.2mm,粘合面积为14.6%。平滑辊具有淬火钢表面。复合纤维网在120℃、钳口压力350N/cm、线速度50m/min下进行粘合。粘合的复合片材收集在辊上。这种制造自织物单位重量15g/m2的两层纺粘纤维网和双组分熔喷纤维网的复合非织造片材是实施例1a的复合片材。这种复合非织造片材的最终织物单位重量为42.1g/m2。
在实施例1b中,另一种复合非织造片材采用相同的粘合条件来制造,但是采用两层30g/m2织物单位重量的纺粘纤维网代替实施例1a的15g/m2纤维网。实施例1b的这种复合非织造片材的最终织物单位重量为65.7g/m2。
实施例2
按照实施例1的步骤制成复合片材,只是调节在其上铺置熔喷纤维网的成形筛网的速度,使熔喷层的织物单位重量增加到16.8g/m2。复合片材外层两者均由实施例1所述的织物单位重量30g/m2的纺粘纤维网构成。片材的物理性能报告在表2中。
实施例3
按照实施例2的步骤制成复合片材,只是调节在其上铺置熔喷纤维网的成形筛网的速度,使熔喷层的织物单位重量增加到24.1g/m2。片材的物理性能报告在表2中。
实施例4、4a和4b
按照实施例1、1a和1b的步骤制成复合片材,只是按下述改变熔喷工艺:起拉细作用的空气流增加到500scfm(14.16m3/min);聚合物通过量增加到0.75g/孔/min;聚乙烯喂入速度增加到11.4kg/hr,而聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯喂入速度增加到15.6kg/hr,以得到由42%(重量)聚乙烯和58%(重量)聚酯构成的熔喷纤维网;调节成形筛网速度得到织物单位重量11.0g/m2的熔喷纤维网。片材物理性能报告于表2中。
实施例5
按照实施例2的步骤制成复合片材,只是按下述改变熔喷工艺:用于拉细的空气流改变为350scfm(9.91m3/min);聚合物通过量改变为0.37g/孔/min;聚乙烯喂料速度改变为5.7kg/hr,而聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯喂入速度改变为7.8kg/hr,以得到由42%(重量)聚乙烯和58%(重量)聚酯构成的熔喷纤维网;调节成形筛网速度以得到织物单位重量为16.3g/m2的熔喷纤维网。片材的物理性能报告在表2中。
另外还采用氟化物标准整理方法处理复合非织造片材,降低纤维表面的表面能,这样增加织物的抗渗液性。将所得片材浸在水浴中,内含4%(重量)RepearlF-35氟化物(得自Mitsubishi公司)、0.25%(重量)ZelecTY抗静电剂(得自杜邦公司)和20%(重量)异丙醇,一种许多公司市售的湿润剂。然后压挤纤维网除去过量液体,并经干燥和在105℃下于烘箱中固化2分钟。经氟化物处理的非织造片材的物理性能报告在表3中。
实施例6
按照实施例2的步骤制成复合片材,只是按照下述改变熔喷工艺:用于拉细的空气流速度改变为500scfm(14.16m3/min);空气流温度改变为560°F(293℃);聚合物通过量改变为0.75g/孔/min;聚乙烯喂料速度改变为11.4kg/hr,而聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯喂料速度改变为15.6kg/hr,以得到由42%(重量)聚乙烯和58%(重量)聚酯构成的熔喷纤维网;调节成形筛网速度以得到织物单位重量为21.7g/m2的熔喷纤维网。片材的物理性能报告在表2中。
还采用如实施例5所述的氟化物整理处理复合非织造纤维网。氟化物处理的非织造片材的物理性能报告在表3中。
实施例7,7a和7b
按照实施例1、1a和1b的步骤制成复合片材,只是按照下述改变熔喷工艺:用于拉细的空气流速度改变为300scfm(8.50m3/min);聚乙烯喂料速度改变为11.7kg/hr,而聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯喂料速度改变为11.0kg/hr以得到由80%(重量)聚乙烯和20%(重量)聚酯构成的熔融纤维网;调节成形筛网速度以得到织物单位重量为11.4g/m2的熔喷纤维网。片材的物理性能报告在表2中。
实施例8
按照实施例2的步骤制成复合片材,只是熔喷工艺按下述进行改变:用于拉细的空气流速度改变为300scfm(8.50m3/min);聚乙烯喂料速度改变为11.7kg/hr,而聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯喂料速度改变为2.8kg/hr以得到由80%(重量)聚乙烯和20%(重量)聚酯构成的熔喷纤维网;调节成形筛网速度以得到织物单位重量为15.0g/m2的熔喷纤维网。片材物理性能报告在表2中。
还采用如实施例5所述的氟化物整理处理复合非织造纤维网。氟化物处理的非织造片材的物理性能报告在表3中。
实施例9
按照实施例2的步骤制成复合片材,只是按照下述改变熔喷工艺:用于拉细的空气流速度改变为300scfm(8.50m3/min);聚乙烯喂料速度改变为11.7kg/hr,而聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯喂料速度改变为2.8kg/hr,以得到含80%(重量)聚乙烯和20%(重量)聚酯的熔融纤维网;调节成形筛网的速度以得到织物单位重量为22.2g/m2的熔喷纤维网。片材的物理性能报告在表2中。
还采用如实施例5所述的氟化物整理处理复合非织造纤维网。氟化物处理的非织造片材的物理性能报告在表3中。
实施例10
按照实施例1、1a和1b的步骤制成复合片材,只是聚酯组分由特性粘度为0.53(按美国专利4,743,504测定)的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯制造,后者可以Crystar聚酯(Merge 4449)得自杜邦公司。CrystarMerge 4449是CrystarMerge 3949的结晶品种。另外,熔喷工艺还按下述改变:模头温度改变为315℃;用于拉细的空气流温度改变为322℃;用于拉细的空气流速度改变为420scfm(714m3/min);聚合物通过量改变为0.80g/孔/min;聚乙烯喂料速度改变为23.1kg/hr,聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯喂料速度改变为5.8kg/hr,以得到含80%(重量)聚乙烯和20%(重量)聚酯的熔喷纤维网;调节成形筛网的速度以得到织物单位重量为17.5g/m2的熔喷纤维网。片材的物理性能报告在表2中。
实施例11
按照实施例10的步骤制成复合片材,只是聚乙烯组分由90%(重量)Dow ASPUN 6831A和10%(重量)Hoechst Celanese 1300A聚对苯二甲酸丁酯的共混物构成。聚对苯二甲酸丁酯起聚乙烯纺丝助剂的作用。另外,按下述改变熔喷工艺:聚乙烯/聚对苯二甲酸丁酯共混物加热至260℃,用于拉细的空气流速度改变为425scfm(722m3/min)。片材的物理性能报告在表2中。
将实施例11与实施例10进行比较,说明,对于在聚乙烯组分中有聚对苯二甲酸丁酯的实施例11,静压头高于在聚乙烯组分中没有聚对苯二甲酸丁酯的实施例10者。
比较例A
遵循实施例1的步骤,只是熔喷纤维网中,聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯组分被用于其它组分的相同聚乙烯代替。这项改变生产一种单组分聚乙烯熔喷纤维网。关于熔喷工艺条件的其它改变如表1所示。由比较例A的复合片材所示的静压头显著低于按照本发明制造的具有类似织物单位重量的复合片材的静压头。
比较例B
按照比较例A的方法制成复合片材,只是按下述改变熔喷工艺:用于拉细的空气流速度改变为250scfm(7.08m3/min);调节成形筛网的速度以得到织物单位重量为19.7g/m2的熔喷纤维网。比较例B的复合片材所示的静压头显著低于按照本发明制造的类似织物单位重量的复合片材的静压头。
表1
熔喷工艺条件
实施例 | TPE(℃) | TPET(℃) | T模头(℃) | T空气(℃) | 空气流量(Scfm)* | 通过量(g/孔/min) | 重量PE(kg/hr) | 重量PET(kg/hr) | 重量比(%/PE) |
1 | 232 | 300 | 300 | 316 | 400 | 0.40 | 2.9 | 11.7 | 20 |
2 | 232 | 300 | 300 | 316 | 400 | 0.40 | 2.9 | 11.7 | 20 |
3 | 232 | 300 | 300 | 316 | 400 | 0.40 | 2.9 | 11.7 | 20 |
4 | 232 | 300 | 300 | 316 | 500 | 0.75 | 11.4 | 15.6 | 42 |
5 | 232 | 300 | 300 | 316 | 350 | 0.37 | 5.7 | 7.8 | 42 |
6 | 232 | 300 | 300 | 293 | 500 | 0.75 | 11.4 | 15.6 | 42 |
7 | 232 | 300 | 300 | 316 | 300 | 0.40 | 11.7 | 2.8 | 80 |
8 | 232 | 300 | 300 | 316 | 300 | 0.40 | 11.7 | 2.8 | 80 |
9 | 232 | 300 | 300 | 316 | 300 | 0.40 | 11.7 | 2.8 | 80 |
10 | 232 | 300 | 315 | 322 | 420 | 0.80 | 23.1 | 5.8 | 80 |
11 | 260 | 300 | 315 | 322 | 425 | 0.80 | 23.1** | 5.8 | 80** |
A | 221 | 221 | 350 | 0.30 | 10.8 | 0 | 100 | ||
B | 221 | 221 | 250 | 0.30 | 10.8 | 0 | 100 |
其中T=温度,PE=聚乙烯,PET=聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯和scfm=标准立方盝/分钟
*l scfm=1.699m3/hr
**在本实施例,聚乙烯组分由90%(重量)聚乙烯和10%(重量)聚对苯二甲酸丁酯的共混物构成。
表2
非织造纤维网性能
实施例 | 重量比(%PE) | 熔喷纤维网的BW(g/m2) | 纤维网的BW(g/m2) | 粘合温度(℃) | 粘合压力(lb/in)* | 静压头(cm) | Frazier+(m3/min/m2) | 水冲击力(g) | 抓样拉伸强度MD(N) | 伸长率MD(%) | 抓样拉伸强度XD(N) | 伸长率XD(%) |
1a | 20 | 11.7 | 42.1 | 120 | 200 | 43.1 | 17.0 | 0.47 | ||||
1b | 20 | 11.7 | 65.7 | 120 | 200 | 47.5 | 10.0 | 0.65 | ||||
2 | 20 | 16.8 | 79.4 | 115 | 400 | 53.2 | 7.7 | 0.61 | 240 | 39 | 99 | 54 |
3 | 20 | 24.1 | 78.4 | 115 | 400 | 51.7 | 8.7 | 0.30 | 218 | 41 | 90 | 52 |
4a | 42 | 11.0 | 40.1 | 120 | 200 | 42.5 | 16.7 | 0.95 | ||||
4b | 42 | 11.0 | 66.0 | 120 | 200 | 49.8 | 5.9 | 0.27 | ||||
5 | 42 | 16.3 | 76.0 | 115 | 400 | 62.3 | 6.1 | 0.24 | 243 | 40 | 115 | 55 |
6 | 42 | 21.7 | 82.5 | 115 | 400 | 52.7 | 8.0 | 0.76 | 232 | 37 | 104 | 49 |
7a | 80 | 11.4 | 41.5 | 120 | 200 | 57.2 | 9.9 | 0.44 | ||||
7b | 80 | 11.4 | 67.0 | 120 | 200 | 63.3 | 9.9 | 0.16 | ||||
8 | 80 | 15.0 | 78.7 | 115 | 400 | 65.1 | 5.5 | 0.12 | 239 | 39 | 104 | 48 |
9 | 80 | 22.2 | 82.2 | 115 | 400 | 79.3 | 3.8 | 0.11 | 222 | 34 | 115 | 51 |
10 | 80 | 17.5 | 51.6 | 110 | 200 | 55.3 | 17.4 | |||||
11 | 80** | 15.9 | 49.9 | 110 | 200 | 72.0 | 9.8 | |||||
A | 100 | 13.6 | 78.7 | 115 | 400 | 45.6 | 10.8 | 0.67 | ||||
B | 100 | 19.7 | 81.2 | 115 | 400 | 48.7 | 8.5 | 0.37 |
其中BW=织物单位重量,MD=机器方向和XD=横向
*l lb/in=175.1N/m,Frazer空气渗透率,
**在本实施例中,聚乙烯组分由90%(重量)聚乙烯和10%(重量)聚对苯二甲酸丁酯的共混物构成。
表3
氟化物处理的复合非织造纤维网
防渗性能
实施例 | 静压头(cm) | 水冲击力(g) |
5 | 48.5 | 0.01 |
6 | 40.0 | 0.01 |
8 | 53.0 | 0.01 |
9 | 62.0 | 0.01 |
实施例12a-12k
复合片材按照实施例1的步骤来制成,以制造各种在片材双组分熔喷纤维网层中具有不同量聚乙烯和聚酯聚合物组分的非织造片材,只是按下述改变熔喷工艺:用于拉细的空气流增加到300scfm(8.50m3/min);按表4所示调节聚乙烯喂料速度和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯喂料速度,以实现在熔喷层的纤维中具有各种聚合物组分比;调节成形筛网的速度以得到织物单位重量为22g/m2的熔喷纤维网。外层纺粘层均用实施例1所述的织物单位重量为15g/m2的纺粘纤维网制成。对于实施例12a~12k的各纺粘-熔喷-纺粘复合非织造片材,粘合在粘合温度110℃、粘合线速度10m/min下进行。片材的物理性能报告在表4中。图6是熔喷纤维中聚乙烯组分和聚酯组分重量百分比与所测定的各复合片材样品静压头的关系图。
表4
非织造纤维网性能
实施例 | 重量比(%PE) | 重量PE(kg/hr) | 重量PET(kg/hr) | 静压头(cm) | Frazier+(m3/min/m2) | 抓样拉伸强度MD(N) | 伸长率MD(%) | 抓样拉伸强度XD(N) | 伸长率XD(%) |
12a | 0 | 0.0 | 14.4 | 56.5 | 12.7 | 95 | 58 | 62 | 66 |
12b | 10 | 1.4 | 13.0 | 54.9 | 11.6 | 109 | 62 | 62 | 61 |
12c | 20 | 2.9 | 11.5 | 57.8 | 9.3 | 93 | 65 | 60 | 74 |
12d | 30 | 4.3 | 10.1 | 51.0 | 12.4 | 97 | 68 | 60 | 67 |
12e | 40 | 5.8 | 8.7 | 57.3 | 12.3 | 119 | 69 | 57 | 55 |
12f | 50 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 55.8 | 8.8 | 96 | 61 | 60 | 51 |
12g | 60 | 8.7 | 5.8 | 60.5 | 8.9 | 110 | 47 | 51 | 38 |
12h | 70 | 10.1 | 4.3 | 66.7 | 7.3 | 108 | 43 | 51 | 35 |
12i | 80 | 11.5 | 2.9 | 72.8 | 6.7 | 92 | 43 | 48 | 47 |
12j | 90 | 13.0 | 1.4 | 80.3 | 5.7 | 91 | 43 | 44 | 36 |
12k | 100 | 14.4 | 0.0 | 60.2 | 6.9 | 92 | 24 | 65 | 39 |
其中MD=机器方向和XD=横向*l lb/in=175.1N/m
Frazier空气渗透率
Claims (19)
1.一种复合片材,其包含:
第一纤维层、第二纤维层和第三纤维层,所述第一纤维层借助热粘合在所述第二和第三纤维层之间;
所述第一纤维层是双组分熔喷纤维网,该纤维网包含至少95重量%平均有效直径小于10μm的熔喷纤维,所述双组分熔喷纤维网由10~90重量%第一聚合物组分和90~10重量%截然不同于所述第一聚合物组分的第二聚合物组分组成,所述第一聚合物组分是聚乙烯,所述第二聚合物组分是聚酯聚合物,其中所述聚酯聚合物选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、及其共聚物和三元共聚物;
所述第二和第三纤维层分别包含至少95重量%平均有效直径大于所述第一层纤维的平均有效直径的熔纺纤维;
所述复合片材的织物单位重量小于120g/m2,机器方向和横向抓样拉伸强度为至少35N,静压头为至少42.5cm。
2.权利要求1的复合片材,其中所述第一纤维层的所述双组分熔喷纤维网由20~80重量%所述第一聚合物组分和80~20重量%所述第二聚合物组分组成。
3.权利要求1的复合片材,其中所述第一纤维层的所述双组分熔喷纤维网由55~90重量%所述第一聚合物组分和45~10重量%所述第二聚合物组分组成。
4.权利要求1的复合片材,其中所述第一纤维层的所述双组分熔喷纤维网由65~90重量%所述第一聚合物组分和35~10重量%所述第二聚合物组分组成。
5.权利要求1的复合片材,其中所述第一纤维层的所述双组分熔喷纤维网由80~90重量%所述第一聚合物组分和20~10重量%所述第二聚合物组分组成。
6.权利要求1的复合片材,其中所述聚酯聚合物是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯。
7.权利要求1的复合片材,其中所述双组分纤维的所述第一和第二聚合物组分以并列配置排列,其中所述第一和第二聚合物组分分别基本上在所述第一层纤维的整个长度上延伸。
8.权利要求1的复合片材,其中所述第二和第三层纤维是平均有效直径至少5μm的基本连续的熔纺纤维。
9.权利要求8的复合片材,其中所述第二和第三层纤维是包含聚乙烯聚合物和另一种截然不同的第二聚合物组分的多组分熔纺纤维,所述聚乙烯聚合物组分占所述第二层和第三层纤维的至少5重量%。
10.权利要求9的复合片材,其中所述第二和第三层纤维的第二聚合物组分选自聚酯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯聚合物。
11.权利要求10的复合片材,其中所述第一、第二和第三纤维层的纤维是可用γ射线杀菌的。
12.权利要求10的复合片材,其中所述第二和第三层纤维是熔纺纤维,其平均有效直径为6~10μm。
13.权利要求12的复合片材,其中所述第二和第三层的静压头为至少3cm。
14.权利要求12的复合片材,其中所述熔纺纤维是具有聚乙烯皮和聚酯芯的皮芯双组分纤维。
15.权利要求1的复合片材,其中所述复合片材的织物单位重量为30~90g/m2,机器方向和横向抓样拉伸强度为至少40N。
16.权利要求15的复合片材,其中所述复合片材的织物单位重量小于70g/m2。
17.权利要求15的复合片材,其中所述复合片材的水冲击力小于5g。
18.权利要求15的复合片材,其中所述复合片材的水冲击力小于2g,Frazier空气渗透率为至少1m3/min/m2。
19.包含权利要求1的复合片材的服装。
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US14689699P | 1999-08-02 | 1999-08-02 | |
US60/146896 | 1999-08-02 |
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CN1369027A CN1369027A (zh) | 2002-09-11 |
CN1227400C true CN1227400C (zh) | 2005-11-16 |
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CNB008111383A Expired - Fee Related CN1227400C (zh) | 1999-08-02 | 2000-08-01 | 复合非织造片材 |
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EP (1) | EP1200661B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4917227B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100640138B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1227400C (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2378912A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60012330T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2223560T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA02001169A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001009425A1 (zh) |
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2000
- 2000-08-01 EP EP00952338A patent/EP1200661B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-01 ES ES00952338T patent/ES2223560T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-01 MX MXPA02001169A patent/MXPA02001169A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-01 JP JP2001513677A patent/JP4917227B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-01 CA CA002378912A patent/CA2378912A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-01 CN CNB008111383A patent/CN1227400C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-01 WO PCT/US2000/020882 patent/WO2001009425A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-01 DE DE60012330T patent/DE60012330T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-01 KR KR1020027001425A patent/KR100640138B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102439210A (zh) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-05-02 | 3M创新有限公司 | 尺寸上稳定的非织造纤维幅材及其制造和使用方法 |
CN102439210B (zh) * | 2009-03-31 | 2015-12-16 | 3M创新有限公司 | 尺寸上稳定的非织造纤维幅材及其制造和使用方法 |
CN111617557A (zh) * | 2010-10-06 | 2020-09-04 | 霍林斯沃思和沃斯有限公司 | 适合液压应用的过滤介质 |
CN111617557B (zh) * | 2010-10-06 | 2022-04-12 | 霍林斯沃思和沃斯有限公司 | 适合液压应用的过滤介质 |
CN103370191A (zh) * | 2011-02-15 | 2013-10-23 | 三井化学株式会社 | 非织造布叠层体 |
CN103370191B (zh) * | 2011-02-15 | 2016-05-11 | 三井化学株式会社 | 非织造布叠层体 |
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JP2003506582A (ja) | 2003-02-18 |
JP4917227B2 (ja) | 2012-04-18 |
CN1369027A (zh) | 2002-09-11 |
DE60012330T2 (de) | 2005-07-28 |
KR20020029740A (ko) | 2002-04-19 |
DE60012330D1 (de) | 2004-08-26 |
CA2378912A1 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
MXPA02001169A (es) | 2002-07-30 |
KR100640138B1 (ko) | 2006-10-31 |
EP1200661A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
EP1200661B1 (en) | 2004-07-21 |
WO2001009425A1 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
ES2223560T3 (es) | 2005-03-01 |
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