CN112477328A - 具有双层结构的防护用品面料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

具有双层结构的防护用品面料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN112477328A
CN112477328A CN202011327466.4A CN202011327466A CN112477328A CN 112477328 A CN112477328 A CN 112477328A CN 202011327466 A CN202011327466 A CN 202011327466A CN 112477328 A CN112477328 A CN 112477328A
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fabric
double
protective
layer structure
layer
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朱美芳
罗章生
相恒学
周家良
朱慧飞
胡泽旭
俞森龙
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Jiangsu New Vision Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center Co ltd
Xiamen Dangsheng New Materials Co ltd
Donghua University
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Jiangsu New Vision Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center Co ltd
Xiamen Dangsheng New Materials Co ltd
Donghua University
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Abstract

本发明属于材料技术领域，公开了一种具有双层结构的防护用品面料及其制备方法和应用，该面料是以聚酯或聚酰胺‑6为纤维基体，以氧化亚铜或氧化锌为抗菌剂，首先经熔融纺丝、水刺工艺得到纺粘无纺布，再利用瞬时释压纺丝工艺将聚烯烃聚集体在所得无纺布上开纤成网，经热压成形，最后得到具有内、外双层结构的有限次防护用品面料。本发明的防护用品面料内层异形纺粘无纺布结构起到吸湿排汗抗菌的效果，外层能够高效隔离病毒。本发明的防护用品面料适用于制备防护服等防护用品，所制得的防护服防护效果好、穿着舒适性高。

Description

具有双层结构的防护用品面料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于材料技术领域，涉及一种有限次防护用品面料及其制备方法和应用，具体地说是一种具有双层结构的防护用品面料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
医用防护用品在面对公共卫生事件时起到关键作用，现有防护用品面料主要使用SSS（纺粘-纺粘-纺粘）聚丙烯纺粘非织造布复合PE透汽膜、SS（纺粘-纺粘）聚丙烯纺粘非织造布复合PE透汽膜，其中纺粘非织造布提供力学强力支撑，PE透汽膜提供抗渗水、抗血液穿透、病毒阻隔等功能。但是，此类面料存在以下问题：一是PE透汽膜层的耐磨性较差，在操作过程中被磨破会导致防护用品丧失防护功能；二是聚丙烯材质灭菌过程存在问题：聚丙烯不耐辐照，不适宜采用新型辐照方式灭菌，而现行面料生产过程中常采用的环氧乙烷灭菌方式，易导致环氧乙烷残留，而环氧乙烷需解析7-14天，不利于医用防护服的快速供给；三是PE透汽膜的透湿量较低，会导致医护人员长时间穿着过程中出现闷热感。
鉴于以上情况，急需发明一种隔离抗菌性和穿着舒适性兼顾的防护用品面料。申请号为202010522717.8和202010522189.6的中国发明专利申请，提供了瞬时释压方式制造的系列高耐磨高阻隔性聚烯烃防护服面料，所制得的防护服对微生物等防护指标远超过国家标准的参考值，且成品透湿量达到9170 g/(m2 ·d)，抗合成血液渗透穿透性达到4级。但该面料的穿着舒适性较低，吸湿导汗能力有待提高，长时间穿着存在异味。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的以上不足，本发明旨在提供一种具有双层结构的防护用品面料，其自身具有抑菌效果；
本发明的另一个目的，是要提供上述具有双层结构的防护用品面料的一种制备方法，制得的面料能够在保证隔离抗菌性的基础上，达到进一步提升高耐磨、高阻隔性聚烯烃防护服面料穿着舒适性的目的；
本发明还有一个目的，是要提供上述具有双层结构的防护用品面料的一种应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种具有双层结构的防护用品面料，它是由内层的纺粘无纺布和外层的瞬时释压纺丝聚烯烃非织造布通过热压结合于一体的复合层结构。
作为本发明的一种限定，所述具有双层结构的防护用品面料的外层耐磨性≥1200次、拉伸强度≥100N、抗合成血液渗透穿透性≥4级、透湿量≥10000 g/( m2 •d)。
本发明还提供一种具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法，包括依次进行的以下步骤：
步骤
Figure 20836DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
，制备纺粘无纺布：取聚合物与抗菌剂混匀，经纺丝温度250-280oC、纺丝速度2000-4000m/min的熔融纺丝工艺制得异形抗菌纤维，再经纤维开松混合、梳理、铺网、水刺和干燥等水刺工艺，得纺粘无纺布；
步骤
Figure 185976DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
，制备具有双层结构的防护用品面料：以所述纺粘无纺布为基底，使聚烯烃超临界溶液在180-230oC，8-12MPa条件下瞬时释放在纺粘无纺布上，其中聚烯烃微细纤维成丝速度为200-300m/s，在所述内层外表面进行开纤成网、热压成形，得所述具有双层结构的防护用品面料。所得内层与外层构成具有双层结构的防护用品面料。
作为本发明的一种限定，所述聚合物为聚酯或聚酰胺-6切片。
作为本发明的第二种限定，所述抗菌剂为氧化亚铜或氧化锌纳米粒子。
作为本发明的第三种限定，所述抗菌剂粒径为50-500nm，用量为通用聚合物重量的0.4-1%。
作为本发明的第四种限定，所述异形抗菌纤维的截面结构为十字形结构或三角形结构。
作为本发明的第五种限定，所述热压成形温度为125-185℃。
本发明还提供了上述防护用品面料的一种应用，所述具有双层结构的防护用品面料用于制造医用防护服。
由于采用了上述的技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比，所取得的有益效果是：
（1）本发明的具有双层结构的防护用品面料具有良好的耐磨、吸湿导汗性能。其中，外层的高密度聚乙烯层具有高耐磨高阻隔性，从而织物外层耐磨性≥1200次，拉伸强度≥100N，抗合成血液渗透穿透性≥4级，透湿量≥10000 g/(m2 ·d)，可重复有限次使用；
（2）本发明的具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法通过添加抗菌剂，将抑菌功能赋予面料自身，提高面料抑菌性能的同时，纤维中含有的金属氧化物也有效抑制防护用品长时间穿着形成的异味；本发明选择氧化亚铜和氧化锌作为抗菌剂，当细菌与这两种纳米粒子接触后，细菌内吞纳米粒子，少量溶解出的金属离子作用于细菌细胞膜蛋白，破坏细胞膜的通透性；内吞的纳米粒子作用于细菌线粒体，产生ROS，随后ROS破坏蛋白质和DNA，从而扰乱细菌的增殖和正常代谢；细菌体内金属离子和ROS共同作用导致细菌体内蛋白中Ca2+和Mg2+被置换或脱离，导致局部Ca2+和Mg2+浓度过高，从而通过通透性增强的细胞膜，进一步破坏了细菌中的蛋白及酶的功能，从而破坏细菌代谢，实现抑菌效果；
（3）本发明的具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法通过使用水刺无纺布做内层材料，进一步提高产品穿着舒适性；
（4）本发明的具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法简单、易操作、通过瞬时释压纺丝工艺极大缩短防护用品生产周期，适合工业量产；特别是，利用水刺无纺布为基底，使聚烯烃微细纤维在其表面均匀开纤，然后热压粘合在具有双层结构的功能性能织物，实现了无溶剂胶黏剂粘合，穿着透汽性好。
综上所述，本发明的具有双层结构的防护用品面料兼顾防护性能和穿着舒适性；本发明的制备方法生产周期短、易于控制，适于工业生产；本发明制得的具有双层结构的防护用品面料适用于生产防护服等防护用品。
附图说明
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作更进一步详细说明；
图1为本发明实施例1-6制备的具有双层结构的防护用品面料M1-M6的纵剖结构示意图；图中：1、外层；2、内层；
图2为本发明实施例2制备的具有双层结构的防护用品面料M2的实物照片；
图3为本发明实施例2制备的具有双层结构的防护用品面料M2的外层结构扫描电镜照片；其中A、B为不同放大倍数下的照片；
图4为本发明实施例2制备的具有双层结构的防护用品面料M2的照片，其中，A为内层十字形纤维截面放大80倍的数码照片；B为纤维断面TEM照片；
图5为本发明实施例3制备的具有双层结构的防护用品面料M3的内层三角字形纤维截面放大80倍后的数码照片。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明，应当理解所描述的实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不限定本发明。其中，步骤
Figure 222982DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
中，制备内层纺粘无纺布过程的纺粘成网设备及方法采用厦门当盛新材料有限公司发明的“用于纤维网形成无纺布的平行铺网机、铺网机及制造方法”(CN 108301123 A)；步骤
Figure 658642DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
中，瞬时释压纺丝非织造布的制备方法采用东华大学发明的“一种基于瞬时释压纺丝法的高聚物纤维的制备方法”（申请号202010522717.8）和“一种基于瞬时释压纺丝法制备聚丙烯纤维聚合体方法”（申请号202010522189.6）。通过超临界釜中溶剂和二氧化碳在180-230 oC、8-12MPa条件下打破高密度聚烯烃分子链的缠结，获得聚烯烃均匀溶液，然后将其瞬时释放到大气压环境中，经静电开纤、均匀成网和热压成型获得聚烯烃非织造布。
实施例1 一种具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法
本实施例制备一种具有双层结构的防护用品面料，按如下步骤实施；
步骤
Figure 367972DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
，制备纺粘无纺布：
取100 kg聚酰胺-6切片和粒径为100-200nm的氧化亚铜纳米粒子400g（占聚酰胺-6切片质量的0.4%）为原料，经熔融纺丝工艺制得截面结构为三角形结构的异形抗菌纤维，再经水刺工艺，制得内层纺粘无纺布；
步骤
Figure 256294DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
，制备具有双层结构的防护用品面料：
以步骤
Figure 76482DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
中制备的内层纺粘无纺布（30g/m2，1.2m幅宽）为基底，使200 kg聚丙烯聚集体经瞬时释压纺丝工艺，在所述内层纺粘无纺布外表面进行开纤成网、以180℃热压成形，即得具有双层结构的防护用品面料。
所制得的具有双层结构的防护用品面料标记代码为M1，用于制备防护服等防护用品；所得防护用品面料M1，其纵剖结构如图1所示，复合层结构，外层1材质为瞬时释压纺丝聚烯烃非织造布，外层1的内表面附着于材质为纺粘无纺布的内层2的内表面。
实施例2-6 具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法
实施例2-6分别为一种具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法，它们的步骤与实施例1基本相同，不同之处仅在于原料选择及工艺参数的不同，具体详见表1：
表1 实施例2-6中各项工艺参数一览表
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
实施例2-6其它部分的内容，与实施例1相同。
由实施例2制得的具有双层结构的防护用品面料，用于制备防护服等防护用品，所制得防护用品面料实物照片见图2；面料外表面放大结构见图3；由实施例2制得的具有双层结构的防护用品面料内表面纤维截面见图4；由实施例3制得的具有双层结构的防护用品面料内表面纤维截面见图5。
实施例7 具有双层结构的防护用品面料的的性能检测实验
本实施例中，依据GB19082-2009检测方法，对实施例1-6制得的具有双层结构的防护用品面料M1-M6进行性能检测，结果如表2：
表2 性能检测结果
Figure 304332DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
由表2可知，本发明的具有双层结构的防护用品面料的外层耐磨性不小于1200次、拉伸强度不小于100N、抗合成血液渗透穿透性不低于4级，透湿量不小于10000 g/( m2 ·d)，因此，所制备面料具有良好的防护性能且透湿透气，耐磨性好，可多次使用。
需要说明的是，以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，但对于本领域技术人员来说，其依然可以对上述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种具有双层结构的防护用品面料，其特征在于，它是由内层的纺粘无纺布和外层的瞬时释压纺丝聚烯烃非织造布通过热压结合于一体的复合层结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有双层结构的防护用品面料，其特征在于，所述具有双层结构的防护用品面料的外层耐磨性≥1200次、拉伸强度≥100N、抗合成血液渗透穿透性≥4级、透湿量≥10000 g/( m2 ·d)。
3.权利要求1或2所述的具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括依次进行的以下步骤：
步骤
Figure 64724DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
，制备纺粘无纺布：取聚合物与抗菌剂混匀，经熔融纺丝工艺，所得异形抗菌纤维再经水刺工艺，得所述纺粘无纺布；
步骤
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
，制备具有双层结构的防护用品面料：以所述纺粘无纺布为基底，使聚烯烃聚集体经瞬时释压纺丝工艺，在所述纺粘无纺布表面进行开纤成网、热压成形，得所述具有双层结构的防护用品面料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚合物为聚酯或聚酰胺-6切片。
5.根据权利要求3所述的具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述抗菌剂为氧化亚铜纳米粒子或氧化锌纳米粒子。
6.根据权利要求3所述的具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述抗菌剂的粒径为50-500nm；所述抗菌剂的重量为通用聚合物重量的0.4-1.0%。
7.根据权利要求3所述的具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述异形抗菌纤维的截面结构为十字形结构或三角形结构。
8.根据权利要求3-7中任一项所述的具有双层结构的防护用品面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述热压成形温度为125-185℃。
9.权利要求1或2所述的具有双层结构的防护用品面料的一种应用，其特征在于，所述具有双层结构的防护用品面料用于制造医用防护服。
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