CN1218620C - Seed breeding method of potato detoxified small seed potato - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a seed propagation method of small detoxification seed potatoes in potatoes, which solves the seed reserve problem in situ in two-season crop regions. The method comprises the steps of accelerating germinations, breaking off the germinations for more than three times, temporarily planting, fixedly planting, managing fields, removing shed films after late frost, regulating and controlling growth with hormone, growing potatoes, killing seedlings and harvesting before aphids come. The method has the characteristics of disease prevention, rapid propagation and seed potato microminiaturization, and utilizes the time and space separation principle to achieve the purposes of insect prevention, disease prevention and seed performance enhancement. Each produced small seed potato weighs about 15 to 50 grams, is suitable for being sowed by the whole potato, and is convenient to store and transport. The present invention solves the problems appearing in the autumn seed potato propagation processes of seed putrescence, seedling death, no harvest and low yield, and realizes the self supply of the seed potatoes in seed regulation regions. Compared with large detoxification potatoes, the cost of seed potatoes per acre can be reduced by 2/3, the seed propagation time is enhanced by 20 times, the benefit increase per acre is near 75%, the physiological age of the seed potatoes is in strong age, the seed performance is good, the field seedling emergence rate is more than 95%, the ring putrescence disease is less than 1.2%, the viral disease is less than 5%, and the yield per acre is increased by 7% to 5%. The present invention is suitable for China and most of Asian countries and regions to apply and reserve seeds in situ.

Description

The breeding method of potato detoxicating small seed potato

Technical field: the breeding technique field that the present invention relates to a kind of virus-free seed potato.

Background technology: the propagation method of potato mainly is to adopt vegetative propagation, need kind is done in big potato seed stripping and slicing, there is reproduction coefficient low (only 10 times) in potato seed, sowing quantity big (125～150 kilograms every mu) infects multiple diseases easily, and it is fast particularly to plant sexual involution, just lost in 1 year in warm area plantation and kind to use value, therefore the potato in the most of area of China is kept production by transferring to plant, and area accounts for 2/3 of the gross area, about about 4,000 ten thousand mu, transfer 6,000,000,000 kilograms of kind of amounts, need allot 100,000 joint trains every year and be used for transferring kind, and the potato seed disease of transferring is serious, variet complexity, the price height, peasant income is low, transfers to plant to exhaust the people and drain the treasury, and national transportation pressure is strengthened.Therefore, utilize detoxification technology to set up the good traditional font of virus-free seed potato system, realizing doing in two seasons (transfer and plant) reserving seed for planting on the spot of area is urgent problem.

" Inner Mongol agricultural science and technology " the 1st phase in 1999, the 22nd～23 page discloses one piece of " take circulation to break the bud method off with the fingers and thumb and quicken the experiment of virus-free potato breeding stock " literary composition of being write by Yan Zhengui etc.The described breeding stock method of this article comprises: choosing ground, seed selection, vernalization are basked seeds, build, grow seedlings, are broken off with the fingers and thumb bud, heel in, transplanting and other steps, wherein vernalization was carried out at the beginning of 4 months, grow seedlings about April 20, early June transplants, this method is mainly selected the breeder's stock about 100g for use, and only solves the low problem of reproduction coefficient.

In addition, " external agronomy-coarse cereals crop " the 3rd phase in 1996, the 22nd～23 page disclose one piece by open uncommon near wait write " the band root of toxicity-removing white potato repeatedly break the fast numerous method of bud off with the fingers and thumb and broadcast before the vernalization technology of basking seeds " literary composition.Fast numerous method that this article provides comprises: vernalization is basked seeds, is educated bud, breaks bud off with the fingers and thumb and plants bud three parts, wherein the vernalization technology of basking seeds comprises: three kinds of germinating cabinet's culturing rack vernalization, warm a heatable brick bed vernalization and the vernalization of soil bed film, this method is suitable for the above middle yampi of 50g, solves the low problem of reproduction coefficient equally.

More than two kinds of methods all be to be purpose to produce big potato seed, and all can not solve the mashed kind that occurs in potato seed in the autumn reproductive process, dead seedling, total crop failure, cause the problem that yields poorly, more can not solve and make the self-supporting problem of regional potato seed two seasons.

Summary of the invention: day of the present invention be to solve the potato that does the area two seasons to reserve seed for planting on the spot and use the expensive problem of higher of using of detoxification miniature seed.

Breeding method of the present invention is finished by following steps:

The first, vernalization: the second, break bud off with the fingers and thumb;

It is characterized in that the described vernalization of this method, break the bud actual conditions off with the fingers and thumb and other steps are:

Vernalization: the former potato seed of generation detoxification after HORMONE TREATMENT, 15～25 ℃ of soil temperature, is carried out the sand training under relative moisture 60% environment;

Break bud off with the fingers and thumb: treat long 3～5 centimeters of bud, be with two root sections to break or cut bud off with the fingers and thumb more than 3 times:

Three, heel in: the bud that will break off with the fingers and thumb or downcut is placed on 15～25 ℃ of temperature, relative air humidity 100%, nutrient solution and high native environment and kept 7～10 days;

Four, field planting: the bud after will heeling in is stained with the root processing with hormone, in the little shed insulation of 5～25 ℃ of conditions of temperature, the soil cultivation is arranged;

Five, field management: late frost removes the canopy film later, with hormone regulating and controlling growth and knot potato;

Six, results: before aphid comes, kill seedling, results.

Wherein plantation density is 15000～20000 strain/mus, and results small seed potato grain weighs 15～50 grams.

Advantage of the present invention and effect thereof: 1, this method is the technology of another special production detoxification small seed potato after the detoxification miniature seed, has diseases prevention, fast numerous and potato seed miniaturization characteristics; 2, this method is used the modern agriculture advanced technology in many-sided combination, as hormone regulating and controlling, two films cover to heat and promote precocity, utilize time and distance isolation principle to reach insect protected, diseases prevention, raising kind purpose, thus the safety that obtains the high-quality and efficient of product and produce; 3, the small seed potato produced of this method is a kind of cenospecies material, and weight is fit to whole photo sowing about 15～50 grams, and it is in light weight, and volume is little, is convenient to accumulating, abundant breaking dormancy, and the potato seed physiological age is for strengthening age, and kind property is good; 4, make the mashed kind that occurs in potato seed in the autumn reproductive process, dead seedling, total crop failure, cause the problem that yields poorly to be resolved, make the good traditional font of existing potato seed, two seasons work area system shorten to 2 years four generations, realize the potato seed self-sufficiency in accent kind of area by 3 years six generations; 5, compare every mu of potato seed cost with the detoxification yampi and can reduce by 2/3; 6, numerous kind of multiple improves 20 times with big potato seed ratio; 7, increase nearly 75% than every mu of benefit of big potato seed; 8, can significantly improve kind of a property, its field emergence rate improves 25～30% more than 95% than yampi, and ring rot reduces by 10% less than 1.2% than yampi, and virus disease reduces by 5% less than 5% than yampi, and per mu yield is than yampi volume increase 75%; 9, this method and small seed potato are fit to each potato producing region of China and use, and be particularly suitable for the vast temperature area of China (from the south in Heilungkiang until Hainan Island) and reserve seed for planting on the spot, and most of countries and regions, suitable Asia.

Embodiment:

The first, vernalization: field planting beginning in preceding 60 days vernalization, adopting ground hot line (or heated kang) in the greenhouse is thermal source, make hotbed, sowing 10～12.5 kilograms by every square meter, to calculate the bud bed surfaces long-pending, mix 1/3 chicken manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed with the sandy soil that sieve and mix thoroughly and make bed soil, (, it is sprouted soon through hormone in generation detoxification original seed as gibberellin, it is many to produce the bud amount) after the processing, sow.Sandy loam 6～7cm is covered in potato seed top upwards pendulum on bed soil, relative moisture 60% keeps bed soil temperature degree between 16～20 ℃.

The second, break bud off with the fingers and thumb: vernalization 15～20 days, carry out breaking off with the fingers and thumb the first time bud, bud is about 4～5 centimeters, be with two root sections to break or cut bud off with the fingers and thumb, break bud off with the fingers and thumb for the second time and be separated by 6～7 days, be separated by for the third time 4～5 days, can not break bud off with the fingers and thumb specifically, the complete no patient of all potato pieces cuts one method sowing by each bud.

Three, heel in: the potato bud that will break off with the fingers and thumb or downcut (soaking to improve survival rate with hormone) is placed on 15～25 ℃ of temperature, relative air humidity 100%, nutrient solution (nitrogenous phosphorus potassium) and does not have native environment (heeling in so that lay in a large amount of seedlings source before field planting with the every square metre 1000 close shelf of plant height) and kept 7～10 days.

Four, field planting: the bud after will heeling in is stained with the root processing with hormone (root-inducing powder), in the little arch grid insulation of 15～25 ℃ of conditions of temperature, the soil cultivation is arranged, and plantation density is 15000～20000 strain/mus; Other fertilisings, management are with common stripping and slicing plantation.Late frost removes the canopy film later, with hormone (as enlarging agent) regulation and control growth and knot potato; Kill seedling before aphid comes, the small seed potato grain of results focuses on 15～50 grams.

Experimental result, 1, save potato seed, reduce cost: 250 jin of the live general every mu of sowing quantities of local stripping and slicing, every mu of this method plantation are saved potato seed more than 170 jin for every mu with planting 70～80 jin, and every mu of escapable cost is more than 150 yuan.2, early ripe, commodity price height, the potato seed quality is good: this method is except that can increasing production, maximum characteristics are early ripe, results before May 20, the harvest time more live (June 20) precocious 30 days in advance than stripping and slicing, launch is early, the price height, simultaneously, because precocious receipts have early been avoided unfavourable weather and aphid biography poison that local late May enters high temperature period, and potato seed resting stage, favourable raising potato seed quality have been shifted to an earlier date.3, favourable second stubble crop volume increase: can overlap in the local spring potato row grow cotton, corn because this method plantation is early ripe, the symbiosis phase weak point between the interplanting crop, two crops are independent of each other, and grow, output obviously increases.

Claims (2)

1. the breeding method of a potato detoxicating small seed potato, this breeding method is finished by following steps:

The first, vernalization; The second, break bud off with the fingers and thumb;

It is characterized in that the described vernalization of this method, break the bud actual conditions off with the fingers and thumb and other steps are:

Vernalization: the former potato seed of generation detoxification after HORMONE TREATMENT, 15～25 ℃ of soil temperature, is carried out the sand training under relative moisture 60% environment;

Break bud off with the fingers and thumb: treat long 3～5 centimeters of bud, be with two root sections to break or cut bud off with the fingers and thumb more than 3 times;

Three, heel in: the bud that will break off with the fingers and thumb or downcut is placed on 15～25 ℃ of temperature, relative air humidity 100%, nutrient solution and does not have native environment and kept 7～10 days;

Four, field planting: the bud after will heeling in is stained with the root processing with hormone, in the little shed insulation of 5～25 ℃ of conditions of temperature, the soil cultivation is arranged;

Five, field management: late frost removes the canopy film later, with hormone regulating and controlling growth and knot potato;

Six, results: before aphid comes, kill seedling, results.

2. the breeding method of potato detoxicating small seed potato according to claim 1 is characterized in that plantation density is 15000～20000 strain/mus, and results small seed potato grain weighs 15～50 grams.