CN1216715A - 高尔夫球杆头 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种设有顶冠、底板、面板和侧缘的单一整体本体所构成的高尔夫球杆头。该高尔夫球杆头的侧缘设有一开口,另配合一帽盖,其形状设成能盖住该开口。此帽盖宜以卡扣配合或紧配合方式接到侧缘上。该高尔夫球杆头的内部宜设有一加强结构以支撑面板。该加强结构宜设有三支直立肋条以便与顶冠、面板和底板相接而构成整体本体的一部分。
Description
本发明涉及一种高尔夫球杆,尤指一种高尔夫球杆头。
高尔夫球杆一般分成三大类:推杆、铁杆和木杆。木杆通常用于长打,过去均用柿木(persimmon)之类的木料制成。但在今日,许多木杆均改用金属制成,通称为金属木杆。金属木杆可平衡杆头的重量,将重量分配在杆头的周边,以便调整杆头的击球区的位置及尺寸。
颁给泽博伦的第4,432,549号美国专利揭示了一种常用的金属木杆,它是由两部件铸成的金属发球杆。第一部件或本体包括一面板、顶冠、和围绕住一个大开口的侧边;第二部件则包括一底板,该底板的形状设成能装入第一部件的大开口内。经铸造后,将底板焊接到本体,从而构成金属发球杆的杆头。然而,这种杆头因为须将两个部件焊接在一起,从而耗费大量的时间与增加成本,所以不尽令人满意。此外,因为这些独自形成的组件未必能始终以相同的方式进行搭配,而底板焊接至本体的角度也未必始终相同,所以杆头的球位、高击和击面角度会发生恼人的变化。因此,对于底板和本体未必能以相同方式接合所发生的瑕疵,便需耗费可观的资源来测试及消除,从而增加制造的复杂性。
需将底板焊接到本体上的常用金属木杆,因为并非所有的焊接均相同,所以不尽令人满意。例如,焊接的渗入与封合的差异便会影响杆头的强度及完整性,以致改变杆头的性能。另外,焊接也会增加杆头的重量及厚度,大小不同的焊接还会使杆头的重量分配不均。因为杆头讲究质轻,且宜将重量只分配到指定的位置,所以这种增添的重量并不足取。还有,焊接不但会在单一杆头的制造期间带来变数,也会引起不同杆头之间的差异。此外,杆头内的焊接件有可能在打球时断裂。因而产生的恼人的咯咯声都需花费额外的时间、精力、金线和材料去改正。
常用杆头在加工时须耗费相当大程度的注意力,才能达到所欲的外貌及美观。例如,杆头在加工时常需接受昂贵及费时的研磨、磨砂、喷砂、抛光、打磨及涂漆的步骤。因为高温焊接会破坏或损及加工完成的杆头,所以常用杆头需在组件焊接好后才能完成这些步骤。然而,焊接后的杆头可能有难以修改的缺点。以泽博伦的专利为例,其中曾揭露将杆头填充一种像聚氨基甲酸乙酯(PU)之类的硬化材料。依该专利的说明,是在底板被焊接到本体并完成杆头的加工后,在杆头底板的中心钻一开口,以供塞入硬化材料。再使用各种式样的塞孔螺丝将这开口闭合。因为钻孔、填充硬化材料、和塞孔的步骤常会破坏或损及杆头的抛光表面,所以这种杆头不尽令人满意。此外,塞孔螺丝还会改变杆头的重量及平衡性。
颁给马德的第4,021,047号美国专利揭示了另一种常用杆头,它公开了一种以机械扣件扣合的两件式金属杆头,其中底板、面板及杆头栓是由单一的金属件铸成。一个木质或塑胶帽盖沿着面板顶部装人并延伸至杆头的后表面,以供形成一个冠部或后部的帽盖件。这帽盖由两个穿过底板及杆头中空孔穴的螺丝予以固定。然而,因为该机械扣件易于在打球时变松,使杆头增加不必要的重量,和将重量添加到杆头上不想添加的位置,所以此种杆头不尽令人满意。
颁给朗等人的第5,292,129号美国专利揭示了另一常用杆头,它公开了一种由三支肋条予以强化的金属杆头,这些肋条设于击面内表面和顶侧内表面之间,以供强化击面及顶侧。因为底板须焊接到杆头本体,而加强肋条却不与底板相接,所以这种杆头不尽令人满意。打球时,底板具有易变形和弯曲的缺点。
因此,需有一种能克服这些重大缺点的高尔夫球杆头。此外,也需要将这杆头改进成不需使用焊接或机械扣件便可把顶冠或底板接装到面板上。
本发明的一个方面是提供一种具有以一面板、顶冠和底板构成的单一整体本体的高尔夫球杆头,其优点在于杆头的面板、底板和顶冠始终能以所需的形状正确定位,因而消除球位、高击和击面角度的差异。本发明的杆头不需以焊接或其它各种扣件把底板或顶冠接装到面板上。因为不需焊接或机械扣件,所以简化制造过程,更可将杆头重量分配到所需的位置。
本发明的另一个方面是提供一种具有加强结构以便强化杆头面板的高尔夫球杆头。此加强结构较佳的是设有一支以上与杆头的顶冠、面板和底板构成一体的肋条,其优点在于这种加强结构可强化杆头的顶冠、面板及底板。因此,在击球时,杆头不致显著变形。此外,强化的杆头可增进杆面的弹性和弹力,致使更多的能量传给高尔夫球,让球飞得更远。
本发明的高尔夫球杆头的一实施例包括一设有一顶冠、一面板、一底板和一侧缘的单一整体本体。侧缘设有一开口,以便提供进入整体本体内部的通路,另有一个形状设成能盖住侧缘开口的帽盖。
本发明的另一实施例包括一面板和一底板,二者接为一体而构成一单元。该杆头另包括一个与面板相接的顶冠,和一个与顶冠、面板及底板相接的侧缘。面板、底板、顶冠及侧缘共同构成一个大致中空的本体。
本发明的再一实施例是一种高尔夫球杆头的制造方法,其包括下列各步骤:构成一个设有一顶冠、一面板、一底板、一侧缘和一侧缘开口的单一整体本体;构成一个侧缘帽盖,该帽盖的形状设成能接合侧缘开口;和把侧缘帽盖接装到本体上。此整体本体较佳的是另设有一加强结构,以强化面板。
现参考实施例并配合附图,将本发明的这些及其它特点详细说明于后,其中:
图1是依本发明一实施例构成的高尔夫球杆头的前视立体图;
图2是图1所示杆头的后视立体图,显示出帽盖已从侧缘取下;
图3是沿图2所示杆头上的剖面线3-3所截取的剖视图;
图4是图1所示杆头将顶冠切除一部分后的仰视图,以显示出加强结构;和
图5是图4所示杆头的仰视图,显示出面板内表面上的加强材料。
如图1所示,高尔夫球杆头10包括一个可供挥击高尔夫球的面板12。该面板12设有若干道最好延伸至面板过半长度的凹槽14,凹槽14可以是大体为U形或V形的形状,且最好符合美国高尔夫协会(“USGA”)规则,但其它任何凹槽均可使用,甚至未设凹槽也无妨。球杆头10还包括一顶冠16,一形状设成可容置一杆身20(虚线所示)的杆头栓或杆颈18,和一底板22。杆头栓18设有一开口19,同时这杆头栓上部延伸超过顶冠16上表面的长度较佳的是在大约1/4英寸(0.6公分)和1英寸(2.5公分)之间,若在1/2英寸(1.2公分)时更好。或者,球杆头10可设一个较长或较短的杆头栓18,或不设杆头栓。杆头栓18的开口19较佳的是穿过球杆头10和底板22,使杆身20从这开口插到底时能与底板22的底表面齐平。杆头栓18也可以是个一头不通的杆头栓,其中开口19只穿过球杆头10的一部分,并未穿透底板22。
附图所示和如后说明的高尔夫球杆头10,是个发球或一号木杆头,但这球杆头也可以是其它任何型式的木杆头。此外,附图所示及如后说明的高尔夫球杆头10是个比传统球杆头大的“超大尺寸”球杆头,但这球杆头也可以是,例如,“中等尺寸”或“一般尺寸”的球杆头。另外,可将这球杆头10接到任何型式的所需的杆身20上,例如钢、石墨、钛、或复合材料制成的杆身上,且这杆身可以是任何所需的尺寸及长度。
从图1、2和4中可清楚看出,高尔夫球杆头10包括一个位于杆头栓18附近的杆跟24,一个位于杆头栓18远端处的杆头端26,和围绕杆头10周围延伸的侧缘30。侧缘30与底板22,顶冠16及面板12相接而共同构成杆头10的本体32。侧缘30还设有一开口34,和一个用以盖住这开口34的帽盖36。这些不同的部件经结合而构成杆头10的外表面,且因杆头10实质为中空,所以各部件均有一个对应的内表面。
面板12和顶冠16或底板22较佳的是共同形成一单一整体组件,但若将面板12、顶冠16、底板22和侧缘30共同形成一单一整体组件更好。届时因为面板12及底板22属于整体本体32的一部分,所以两者始终能按照所需的形状及角度正确定位。另外,因为面板12及底板22之间的角度几乎或完全无差异,所以各杆头10的高击、球位与开球角度实质均相同。
此外,整体本体32因为不必将底板22焊接到面板12上,所以大帽简化制造过程,同时省时省力并减轻球杆的重量。杆头10的重量经减轻后,通常可增加其速率,因而能将更大的力量传送到高尔夫球。或者,亦可不减轻杆头的重量,改将其所省下的重量用来,例如,制造尺寸较大的杆头和/或将这重量在杆头内重新分配。例如,可将这重量重新分配而改变重心,或可将多出的重量设在杆面的正后方,或分配到杆头周边。
杆头10较宜采用熔模、压铸或失蜡铸造之类的铸造方式制成一单一整体本体32;但亦可采用锻造、成型、压制、或像动态或均衡压实之类的其它任何已知方式予以制成。整体本体32较宜由钛6Al-4V之类的钛合金制成,但像不锈钢或铝之类的任何金属或金属合金亦可采用。此外,任何复合或非晶质材料也可用来制造本体32。还有,全部或部分的本体32还可使用塑胶或复合材料制成;面板12上的设计用来击球的正面可包括像石墨或其它材料之类的嵌件。
杆头10的面板12的厚度较佳的是在约0.06英寸(1.5毫米)到0.12英寸(3毫米)之间,若为0.08英寸(2毫米)更好。顶冠16的厚度约为0.04英寸(1毫米),底板22厚约0.04英寸(1毫米),而侧缘30亦约为0.04英寸(1毫米)厚。当然,各表面的厚度亦可予以增减,这均根据所需的杆头10的强度和形状,或杆头的制造材料而定。另外也可将厚度弄成不均一,或把厚度弄成有变化,以便将重量分配到杆头的各所需位置。
面板12较佳的是具有约3.5英寸(88毫米)的宽度和2.4英寸(60毫米)的高度,底板22则宜具有约3.6英寸(91毫米)的长度。杆头10的总体积较佳的是在约15立方英寸(250cc)和18立方英寸(300cc)之间。但应了解的是,杆头10的大小可根据其型式或其是否属于超大、中等或一般尺寸而有变化。面板12及底板22较佳的是制成具有约55和59度之间的球位角度,若为58度时更好;球杆的底端触地或静止高击角度宜在约5和13度之间。杆头的击面角度较佳的是在约-1度和+3度之间,其中“-”记号表示“开式”位置,“+”记号则表示“闭式”位置。当然,这些量度也可(例如)根据杆头的型式和使用者的喜好而有变化。如前所述,因为面板12及底板22宜被制成为整体本体32的一部分,所以这些组件始终能按照意欲的形状及角度正确定位,致使各杆头之间几乎或完全无差异。这将确保各杆头均具有所需的形状及特性。
杆头10的本体32限定了一个实质中空的内部40。如图2至4所示,侧缘30的开口34可供通往内部40。这开口34较佳的是设在实质与面板12相对的一侧,但亦可设在侧缘30的任何地方。此外,开口34可包括顶冠16或底板22的一部分,或可整个设在底板或顶冠中。开口34较佳的是大致呈矩形的形状,具有约1英寸(2.5厘米)的高度和2英寸(5厘米)的长度,但也可以是圆形或方形之类的其它形状,或较大或较小一点,均根据球杆10所需的尺寸及形状而定。
帽盖36的形状及尺寸较佳的是以盖住侧缘30的开口34为原则。从图2和3中可清楚看出,帽盖36的外缘42设有一道环绕帽盖外周边延伸的凹槽44,侧缘30的开口34则设有一内缘46。帽盖36外缘42上的凹槽44的形状设成能与开口34内缘46接合,致使内缘46牢牢装入凹槽44内。最好在帽盖36和开口34之间产生一种“卡扣”配合,以便能以可拆卸的形式将帽盖36连接到本体32上。此外,帽盖36的形状较佳的是设成能以一种让侧缘30外表面大致保持平滑的方式盖住开口34。
将帽盖36接装到侧缘30的开口34处,便可包封实质中空的内部40。如前所述,帽盖36较佳的是以可拆卸的形式采用卡扣配合法与侧缘30相接;但压人配合,紧配合,或像螺栓、螺丝之类的扣件和胶水亦可使用。即使在杆头完成加工后,这种可拆卸式帽盖36仍可提供进入内部40的通路。因为帽盖36并非焊接到侧缘30上,所以可用任何所需方式制成杆头,再以帽盖36闭合内部,绝不会损坏或损伤加工完成的表面。
可拆卸式帽盖36能让各种材料和/或组件轻易地插入或卸离加工完成的杆头。例如,可对杆头10的杆跟24或杆头端26添加重量,借以调整杆头的扭矩,或可添加重量以降低杆头的重心。此外,亦可添加或卸除重量以供平衡杆头10,或调整杆头以便配合使用者个人的做法或喜好。帽盖36还可供强化料增添到杆头10或从该处取出,亦可在制造过程之前、当中或之后,将发泡料或聚氨基甲酸乙酯(PU)之类的材料插入杆头10内。这样,可拆卸式帽盖36能让制造商、使用者或其他人士轻易修改和/或修理杆头10,但这帽盖36亦可使用焊接、熔合或类似方式永久接到侧缘30上。另外,这帽盖36较佳的是按照美国高尔夫球协会规则构成,以便可供用于竞赛。
帽盖36可用与整体本体32相同的材料构成,也可以与该本体同时铸造。例如,可将帽盖36当作本体32的一部分制造,然后可从本体切下这帽盖,使帽盖36和开口34具有确切相同的尺寸及形状,但帽盖也可跟本体32分开制造。虽然帽盖36能以与本体32相同的钛合金制成,而较佳的是使用塑料,但其它各式各样的材料,包括许多金属、聚合物、复合材料或非晶质材料等,均可使用。此外,帽盖36的厚度较佳的是0.04英寸(1毫米)左右,但也可予以增减,均根据其所需的强度和形状而定。
杆头10的内部40设有一加强结构50。该加强结构50较佳的是设在面板12的后方,且较佳的是与面板接成一体而构成一单元。加强结构50可强化面板12,增进杆头10的结构刚性,使其能经受高尔夫球的不断冲击。在用杆头10击球时,这结构50也有助于防止杆头能量因面板12变形而被吸收(从而损失)的情形。这类变形的结果就是能量从杆头转移到高尔夫球的损失,以致初始球速减损,造成球打不远的恼人后果。但应了解的是,杆头10未必一定要使用加强结构50。
从图2和3中可清楚看出,加强结构50与杆头10的面板12、顶冠16和底板22结为一体,当作整体本体32的一部分。因此,这加强结构50所强化的不只是面板12,也包括顶冠16和底板22。加强结构50可允许使用较薄的面板12、顶冠16和底板22,但仍能维持杆头10的结构刚性。如图2至4所示,加强结构50包括三支沿着面板12内表面纵向延伸的加强肋条52a,52b和52c,其中一端接装到底板22的内表面,另一端则接装到顶冠16的内表面58。中间肋条52b较佳的是设在面板22中心的附近,其它两支肋条52a和52c较佳的是分隔约1/2英寸(1.2厘米)的距离。当然,肋条52的数目可增减,亦可分隔的较窄或较宽,且相对于面板12,这些肋条5可保持-角度,甚或水平。
从图4中可清楚看出,肋条52a-c各自的厚度约为0.04英寸(1毫米),且横截面大致为矩形,但根据其所需的强度而定,亦可变更此厚度及形状。肋条之间也可各具有不同的形状及特性。如图3所示,肋条52的内部60经弯曲而具有一个第一上方曲率半径62和一个第二下方曲率半径64。上方曲率半径62较佳的是在约2英寸(5厘米)和4英寸(10厘米)之间;同时下方曲率半径64较佳的是在约2英寸(5厘米)和4英寸(10厘米)之间;但此等曲率半径亦可酌予增减。肋条从面板内表面54到肋条52内部60,其邻近肋条中心的长度较佳的是在约1/4英寸(0.6厘米)和1/2英寸(1.2厘米)之间;邻近顶冠16的肋条长度较佳的是在约1/2英寸(1.2厘米)和1英寸(2.54厘米)之间;而邻近底板22的肋条长度较佳的是在约1/2英寸(1.2厘米)和1英寸(2.54厘米)之间。将肋条52的内部60弄弯有助于减轻杆头10的重量,但这些肋条亦可保持笔直或采用其它形状。
如图5所示,杆头10也可在其内部40装设加强料66,该加强料宜位于面板12的后方。此外,加强料66能增进面板12的刚性,且其不论是否设有肋条52均可使用。此加强料66宜由一种像石墨的碳材料构成,但其它任何能增进面板刚性的材料均可采用。加强料66可在杆头已经制造和加工完成后始予增设,因为此加强料能从杆头10整体本体32的开口34插入,所以不会损坏加工完成的表面。
本发明还包括一种形状实质相同的高尔夫球杆头10的制造方法。该方法包括将面板12,顶冠16,底板22和侧缘30共同构成一单一整体本体32。该整体本体宜由熔模失蜡铸造方式制成;但亦可采用模铸、射出成型、锻造、动态压实、均衡压实、或层合之类的其它方式制成。加强肋条52可构成单一整体本体32的一部分。帽盖36可盖住本体32的开口34以便封合杆头内部40。此外,帽盖36还提供进人杆头10内部40的通路以便(例如)更改杆头的重量或增加杆头的强度。
以上所举各实施例仅用以说明本发明而已,非用以限制本发明的范围。凡不违背本发明精神所进行的各种修改或变化均属本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (28)
1.一种高尔夫球杆头,包括:
一设有一顶冠、一面板、一底板和一侧缘的单一整体本体;
一设在所述侧缘上的开口,以提供进入所述整体本体内部的通路;
一形状设成能盖住所述侧缘开口的帽盖。
2.如权利要求1所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,还包括一加强结构,以强化所述整体本体的面板。
3.如权利要求2所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,所述加强结构是整体本体的一部分。
4.如权利要求3所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,所述加强结构接装在所述面板、顶冠及底板上。
5.如权利要求3所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,所述整体本体及加强结构通过一种熔模失蜡铸造法而构成一体。
6.如权利要求2所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,所述加强结构包括一支以上的肋条。
7.如权利要求6所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,所述肋条具有一弯曲内部。
8.如权利要求6所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,所述肋条是整体本体的一部分,并被接装到面板、顶冠和底板上。
9.如权利要求1所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,所述侧缘开口位于与面板相对的那一侧。
10.如权利要求1所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,还包括与所述顶冠、面板及底板相接的加强装置。
11.一种高尔夫球杆头,包括:
一面板;
一底板,该底板与所述面板接为一体而构成一单元;
一顶冠,该顶冠与所述面板相接;和
一侧缘,该侧缘与所述顶冠、面板及底板相接;
其中,所述面板、底板、顶冠及侧缘共同构成一个中空的本体。
12.如权利要求11所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,还包括在所述侧缘上设一开口,该开口提供进入中空本体内部的通路。
13.如权利要求12所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,还包括一个形状设成能盖住所述开口的帽盖。
14.如权利要求11所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,还包括可提供进入所述中空本体内部的装置。
15.如权利要求11所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,还包括一加强结构,以强化所述整体本体的面板。
16.如权利要求15所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,所述加强结构是整体本体的一部分。
17.如权利要求16所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,所述加强结构接装到所述面板、顶冠及底板上。
18.如权利要求15所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,所述加强结构包括一支以上的肋条。
19.如权利要求18所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,所述肋条具有一弯曲内部。
20.如权利要求18所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,所述肋条是整体本体的一部分,并被接装到所述面板、顶冠和底板上。
21.如权利要求11所述的高尔夫球杆头,其特征在于,还包括与所述顶冠、面板及底板相接的加强装置。
22.一种高尔夫球杆头的制造方法,包括下列各步骤:
构成一包括一顶冠、一面板、一底板、一侧缘和一在所述侧缘上的开口的单一整体本体;
构成一侧缘帽盖,该帽盖的形状设成能接合在所述侧缘上的开口;和
把所述侧缘帽盖接装到所述本体上。
23.如权利要求22所述的高尔夫球杆头制造方法,其特征在于,还包括构成一加强结构以强化所述面板的步骤。
24.如权利要求22所述的高尔夫球杆头制造方法,其特征在于,所述加强结构包括一支以上接装到所述面板、顶冠及底板上的肋条。
25.一种高尔夫球杆头的制造方法,包括下列各步骤:
铸造一包括一顶冠、一面板、一底板和一侧缘的单一整体本体;
构成一在所述侧缘上的开口;和
接装一个形状设成能盖住所述开口的帽盖。
26.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括构成一支以上加强肋条以强化所述面板的步骤。
27.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铸造还包括构成一支以上加强肋条,这些肋条是所述整体本体的一部分,并被接装到面板、顶冠和底板上。
28.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铸造是熔模失蜡铸造。
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US08/963089 | 1997-11-03 | ||
US08/963,089 US6162133A (en) | 1997-11-03 | 1997-11-03 | Golf club head |
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- 1998-03-17 AU AU58437/98A patent/AU752436B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-05-01 KR KR1019980015751A patent/KR19990044724A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-11 CN CN98109874A patent/CN1097470C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (8)
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CN100450567C (zh) * | 2000-06-28 | 2009-01-14 | 卡拉韦高尔夫公司 | 具有可变凸出部和侧倾部的高尔夫球杆击球板 |
CN100581624C (zh) * | 2004-05-12 | 2010-01-20 | 复盛股份有限公司 | 高尔夫铁杆头 |
US8657702B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2014-02-25 | Robert Boyd | Golf clubs and golf club heads having interchangeable rear body members |
CN102281927B (zh) * | 2008-12-18 | 2014-11-26 | 耐克创新有限合伙公司 | 包括可更换式背部本体部件的高尔夫球杆和杆头 |
US9072949B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2015-07-07 | Nike, Inc. | Golf clubs and golf club heads having interchangeable rear body members |
CN109718516A (zh) * | 2015-08-25 | 2019-05-07 | 帕森斯极致高尔夫有限责任公司 | 高尔夫球杆头和制造高尔夫球杆头的方法 |
CN109718516B (zh) * | 2015-08-25 | 2020-06-26 | 帕森斯极致高尔夫有限责任公司 | 高尔夫球杆头 |
CN113262445A (zh) * | 2020-02-14 | 2021-08-17 | 雅马哈株式会社 | 铁型高尔夫球杆头 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH11137733A (ja) | 1999-05-25 |
TW442310B (en) | 2001-06-23 |
US6162133A (en) | 2000-12-19 |
US6339869B1 (en) | 2002-01-22 |
TW373509U (en) | 1999-11-01 |
AU752436B2 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
WO1999022824A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
CN1097470C (zh) | 2003-01-01 |
AU5843798A (en) | 1999-05-20 |
KR19990044724A (ko) | 1999-06-25 |
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