CN1210064A - 一种将由塑性材料制成的物品焊接起来的方法 - Google Patents

一种将由塑性材料制成的物品焊接起来的方法 Download PDF

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CN1210064A
CN1210064A CN98116120A CN98116120A CN1210064A CN 1210064 A CN1210064 A CN 1210064A CN 98116120 A CN98116120 A CN 98116120A CN 98116120 A CN98116120 A CN 98116120A CN 1210064 A CN1210064 A CN 1210064A
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temperature
welded
items
articles
weld zone
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P·豪格
J·维尔梅林格
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GEORGE FISHER PIPELINE SYSTEM CO Ltd
Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme AG
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GEORGE FISHER PIPELINE SYSTEM CO Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to time, e.g. temperature-time diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034—Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0342—Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B29C66/91413—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account the parts to be joined having different temperatures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91443—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time following a temperature-time profile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
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    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value

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Abstract

一种用对焊工艺将由热塑性塑料制成的物品焊接在一起的方法,其中用夹紧装置将待焊接在一起的两件物品以同轴关系固定在位。然后用能放置在待焊接在一起的两件物品之间的加热装置加热待焊接在一起的两件物品。一旦焊接区到达适当的温度,将两件待被焊接在一起的物品压在一起以产生一凸起。最后连续检测所述凸起的温度,并且根据公式TM(t)=0∫t(TBT,t)dt计算所述焊接区内部的材料温度,直至温度到达物品能从加紧装置中移出的温度.

Description

一种将由塑性材料制成的物品焊接起来的方法
本发明涉及一种采用对焊工艺将由热塑性塑料制成的物品焊接起来的方法，特别是一种焊接热塑性塑料管的方法，但不限于此。其中待焊接在一起的热塑性管以同轴关系固定在位，其端部加热，并将两塑性管压在一起。
从标题字“加热原件对焊”可知这种方法。其中焊接操作以两步法顺序进行，即，加热阶段和连接阶段。
在WO95/11124的公开文本中，公开了一种将管的端部焊接在一起的对焊机，其中待焊接的端部由一夹紧机构以同轴关系固定。该焊接机包括一测量周围温度的传感器，一计时器和一线性测量传感器。为监控连接操作和冷却操作，建议根据所测量的周围温度确定一预定的冷却周期。根据本发明的示教，在被焊接的部分冷却到这样的程度，即，焊缝有足够的强度，使得所述部分能从夹紧机构中移出，之前必须经过预定的时间周期。在前述的线性测量传感器一检测到管的端部彼此相对移动一定量时就启动用于计冷却周期的计时器。由于管的端部的相对移动，应当能确定管端部的相互穿过已经发生，从而能保证有效的焊接。即使在此方法中周围温度是用于确定物品被焊接在一起的强度，也不需要考虑所有的用于可靠焊接的参数。
EP0535454A2的公开文本中公开了一种用于将由热塑性塑料制成的管焊接在一起的装置。在此由加紧机构将管子固定在同轴关系，其中设置一互动杠杆来放置至少两个加紧机构中的一个，所述装置包括一工艺控制装置，该工艺控制装置包含储存管子尺寸和管子材料等与可靠焊接相关的参数的数据储存装置。此外所述工艺控制装置有一个显示屏并可操作地与检查装置相连。在焊接工艺中，显示屏显示相关的焊接参数，这样即使装置是用手操作的，也或多或少包含误操作。
最后DE2923205C2的公开文本公开了一种方法和一种装置用于将热塑性塑料制成的中空成型件无缝地连接在一起。其中中空成型件被加紧固定在一起，使得其端面彼此接触，并在接触区域由加热装置绕着周围区域加热。在中空成型件的内部，插入体积可变的支承装置。由于加热装置环绕两个成型件的端部区域，并且由于在连接过程中，支承装置在压力下固定，所要求的用于将两个中空成型件连接在一起的压力能由中空成型件的热膨胀提供。
所有热塑性管和塑性物品的方法和装置的共同点在于在冷却阶段获得的连接压力用于监控连接工艺。此顺序可记为通道-压力-电-时间周期-图。这种工艺顺序对焊接质量是必要的。
然而另人惊奇的是在无数次的试验中发现对高等级和可重复进行的焊接，其它参数也是必要的。
本发明的目的在于提供一种用对焊工艺将热塑性塑料制成的物品焊接在一起的方法，特别是将热塑性塑料管焊接在一起的方法，但不限于此，在可重复的方式中在最短的时间内产生高质量的和绝对可靠的连接。
为满足上述和其它目的，本发明提供一种用对焊工艺将由热塑性塑料制成的物品焊接在一起的方法。根据本发明的方法，首先将待焊接在一起的两件物品由加紧装置以同轴关系固定在位。然后由能放置在两件物品之间的加热装置加热待焊接在一起的两件物品，从而在两件物品的每个自由端区产生熔融焊接区。焊接区一达到适当的温度，待焊接在一起的两件物品被压在一起产生一凸起。
最后连续检测凸起的温度和根据TM(t)=0∫t(TBT,t)dt计算前述焊接区内部的材料的温度，直至到达物品能从加紧装置中移出的温度。在上述公式中，TM(t)表示焊接区内部相对时间的温度，TBT表示凸起表面的温度，t表示时间。
下面将参照附图进一步来描述本发明，其中：
图1示出适于实施本发明的方法的对焊装置的示意截面图；
图2示出温度-时间-冷却图。
根据现有技术，在已知的对焊热塑性塑料管的方法中，只有在冷却阶段检测待焊接在一起的两个管子之间的接触压力。然而本发明人已经认识到焊接区的强度是已经到达冷却阶段终点的实际标准。在确定的冷却时间周期的终点，周围温度为40℃，焊接区材料内部的温度比5℃的周围温度高30℃。考虑到周围温度的影响对本发明的方法是很主要的。因此冷却周期可以以此方式来控制，能确保焊接区的所需的材料强度。
图1是实施本发明的方法的装置的示意截面图。图1中示出的对焊装置特别适合于将由热塑性材料制成的两个管子2焊接在一起。管2的前面由参数2a表示。两个管子夹在对焊装置中，该对焊装置有一装置以由加紧装置3接触加热或非接触加热前面2a。
一红外线传感器5通向焊接区，即，管2的两个前表面2a彼此靠着的区域，并检测焊接区管子材料的温度。更具体而言，红外传感器5检测焊接过程中形成的焊接凸起的表面温度。在冷却阶段，在实际的焊接过程之后，电子控制单元4连续记录红外传感器5的输出信号，并进一步处理，如下面所述。
冷却时间阶段的长度由焊接区内部的最大材料温度TM确定。该温度由红外传感器5得出的信号积分计算出的。
特别是，该温度根据公式TM(t)=0∫t(TBT,t)dt计算出。其中TM(t)表示焊接区内部相对时间的温度，TBT表示凸起表面的温度，t表示时间。
根据本发明的方法无论是在恒温冷却还是在变化冷却时，都能在变化的冷却条件之下，确定焊接区内部的材料温度。因此能确保在冷却阶段结束时焊接接头所需的强度。此外还可能通过强加的冷却缩短冷却下降周期。冷却空气传送组件6有以下方法能增强冷却的效果：
-由风扇冷却(高流量气流，低压力)或
-由气体压缩机冷却(低流量气流，高压力)
这种冷却组件6能和对焊装置1制成一体，或，优选地它能作为一附件加入对焊机1中。
一旦凸起内部的材料温度低于预定的指定值，就结束冷却时间周期。
图2以举例形式示出焊接操作的冷却下降轨迹。轨迹11示出焊接凸起13表面的材料温度。在将管14的软化的端部压在一起时，由于预定量的热能进入管14的端部，而产生焊接凸起13。第二轨迹15示出有效测得的管14的壁的温度。虚线15示出管14的壁的温度的计算过程。很明显管壁的温度计算过程和有效的测量过程实际上是一致的。

Claims (5)

1．一种用对焊工艺将由热塑性塑料制成的物品焊接在一起的方法，包括以下步骤：用夹紧装置将待焊接在一起的两件物品以同轴关系固定在位；用能放置在待焊接在一起的两件物品之间的加热装置加热待焊接在一起的两件物品，以在待被焊接在一起的两件物品的自由端部分产生熔融焊接区域，将两件待被焊接在一起的物品压在一起以产生一凸起，其特征在于所述凸起的温度被连续检测，并且所述焊接区内部的材料温度根据公式TM(t)=0∫t(TBT,t)dt计算，在上述公式中，TM(t)表示焊接区内部相对时间的温度，TBT表示凸起表面的温度，t表示时间。
2．根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将待被焊接在一起的两件物品压在一起以产生凸起的步骤之后，冷却所述焊接区的步骤。
3．根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于所述的进一步冷却由冷却风扇进行。
4．根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于所述的进一步冷却由喷吹加压空气进行
5．根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述加热两件物品的步骤是接触加热或非接触加热。
CN98116120A 1997-09-01 1998-07-15 一种将由塑性材料制成的物品焊接起来的方法 Pending CN1210064A (zh)

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