CN101663156B - 紧固第一和第二热塑性部件的方法以及两个部件的套件 - Google Patents

紧固第一和第二热塑性部件的方法以及两个部件的套件 Download PDF

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CN101663156B
CN101663156B CN2008800051472A CN200880005147A CN101663156B CN 101663156 B CN101663156 B CN 101663156B CN 2008800051472 A CN2008800051472 A CN 2008800051472A CN 200880005147 A CN200880005147 A CN 200880005147A CN 101663156 B CN101663156 B CN 101663156B
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D·特雷西
M·维沃尔德
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种紧固机动车辆的第一(10)和第二(12)热塑性部件的方法，第一部件(10)包括一个从面(16)突起的突起(18)，第二部件(12)包括一个接合表面(27)，所述方法包括：使第二部件(12)与第一部件(10)的所述面(16)接触；加热该突起；使该突起(18)朝向第二部件发生塑性变形，以使第二部件(12)夹在第一部件(10)的面(16)与突起(18)的末端部分(26)之间。

Description

紧固第一和第二热塑性部件的方法以及两个部件的套件
技术领域
本发明涉及紧固热塑性部件、特别是紧固机动车辆的部件的技术领域。
背景技术
在现有技术中已经熟知机动车辆的保险杠外壳，其上连接并紧固有各种元件，如加强件或传感器的支撑件。紧固这些各种元件的一种已知方法是铆压模(bouterollage)。
例如，为了将加强件紧固在保险杠外壳上，需要在保险杠外壳的隐藏面上设置突出的突起，并在加强件上设置一个孔口。然后，使加强件与保险杠外壳的具有突出的突起的表面接触，使突起穿过孔口并露出末端部分。接着，通过超声发生器产生的超声波完全加热突起的末端部分，并通过垂直压扁该突起来形成铆钉头。
该已知的紧固方法通常包括沿突起的整个高度加热突起。实际上，该突起的加热和压扁通常是由同一个工具实现的，在加热时，该工具位于肋条的上端附近，以便在压扁时限制其移动。加热时间相对较长，以使热量传递到突起的整个高度上，并且使得该突起的材料全部熔融。
另外，当引导热量沿突起的竖直方向流动的时候，有加热车身元件的该突起从其伸出的表面的风险，这可导致该车身部件的外观缺陷。
最后，当朝向突起的基部方向，即垂直于车身元件的方向压扁该突起的时候，有压迫该元件的表面从而导致外观缺陷的风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种不存在上述缺点的紧固方法。
为此，本发明提供一种紧固机动车辆的第一和第二热塑性部件的方法，其中，第一部件包括一个从面突出的突起，第二部件包括一个接合表面，所述方法包括下述步骤：
-使第二部件与第一部件的所述面接触，第二部件被设计为使得第一部件的面的法向量与接合表面的法向量之间的夹角为锐角，并使得接合表面靠近该突起，
-加热该突起，
-在基本上平行于第一部件的面移动的变形装置的作用下，使该突起朝向第二部件发生塑性变形，以使得该突起的至少末端部分与接合表面相接触。
优选地，在实施接触步骤时，第二部件挡靠在该突起上，这样做的优点是可以引导两个部件相互之间的定位。
两表面的法向量之间的夹角为锐角表明两表面基本上朝向同一方向。当该夹角为零时，两表面基本上平行。
加热该突起的步骤相对短暂，因为该步骤的目的仅仅是使突起变得足够软，以便能够通过变形装置使之朝向第二部件发生塑性变形。另外，只需突起的基部被软化就可使突起发生塑性变形。在下文的叙述中，将突起的塑性变形称为突起的弯折。该步骤持续大约3至4秒，最多6秒。该加热时间短于实施常规的铆压模法所需的时间(约9秒)。事实上，铆压模需要将突起完全熔化，以便能够竖直地压扁。
另外，由于突起被加热的程度相对较低，所以冷却时间也短。
紧固方法的周期缩短，可使该紧固操作实现自动化，使用能够在两个部件之间连续进行多点紧固的单个机器人。现有技术中的焊接器具的实现周期长，所以不得不同时进行多个焊接，因而为每个待装配的车身部件专门开发设计出复杂的器具。
最后，可以从侧面加热该突起，这样除了可以缩短加热时间以外，还可以防止在第一部件的表面上形成缩孔。
本发明的紧固方法还可包括一个或多个下述特征。
-两个向量之间的夹角基本上为零。
-所述方法包括将末端部分在第二部件上挤压的附加步骤，用以引起末端部分和接合表面的相接触部位发生表面熔化，并使熔化的材料混合。
-塑性变形以及将末端部分在第二部件上挤压是通过变形装置实现的。该变形装置在与第一部件的面基本上平行的平面内移动。
-变形装置通过机器人操纵。
-变形装置包括由机器人操纵的辊子、压床、垫块或金属块......
-同时加热突起的末端部分以及接合表面，该加热操作特别是通过热气流、激光或者红外射线进行。
-突起为舌片或肋条，该突起优选基本上位于第一部件的面的法向。
-第一部件为车身部件，并且第二部件为车身部件的加强件或者传感器的支撑件。
-第二部件包括一个通向接合表面的贯穿孔，当实施接触步骤时，突起穿过该孔，露出末端部分。
本发明还提供一种机动车辆的第一和第二热塑性部件的套件，其特征在于：
-第一部件包括从面突出的突起，
-第二部件与第一部件的面相接触，
-突起的末端部分与第二部件的接合表面相接触，
-接合表面的法向量与第一部件的面的法向量之间的夹角为锐角，并且
-末端部分和接合表面通过将它们的材料混合而紧固在一起。
附图说明
通过阅读下文中仅以示例性方式给出的叙述并参照附图，可以更好地理解本发明。在附图中，图1、2和3显示了本发明的紧固方法的三个连续步骤，图4显示了通过本发明方法的一个变化形式紧固起来的两个部件。
具体实施方式
考虑机动车辆的第一10和第二12热塑性部件。在图中所示的实例中，第一部件10是保险杠外壳10，第二部件12是保险杠外壳10的加强件12。
保险杠外壳10包括外观面14和相反面16。保险杠外壳10包括肋条18，该肋条形成了高出相反面16的突起。肋条18与外壳10一起成型，并基本上垂直于第一部件10的表面16。
加强件部件12包括接触表面20和相反表面22。该部件12还包括完全贯穿该部件12，即从表面20到另一个表面22的孔24。孔24由接触表面20的边缘25限定。接触表面的一个部位27形成接合表面。
本发明的紧固方法首先包括使加强件部件12与车身部件10相接触，使肋条18穿过孔24并使加强件部件12的接触表面20与车身部件10的相反表面16相接触。该步骤在图1中显示。在这种配置下，突起18靠近孔24的边缘25。
当这两个部件相接触时，肋条18的末端部分26伸出孔24之外，如图2所示。为使末端部分26伸出孔24之外，肋条的高度应大于部件12的厚度。
第一部件的面的法向量与接合表面27的法向量之间的夹角为锐角，优选为零。
在图2所示的随后的步骤中，末端部分26以及加强件部件12的相反表面22的接合表面27被热气流28加热。该加热步骤的作用是软化末端部分26以及加强件部件12的相反表面22的接合表面27。它的另一个作用是引起末端部分和接合表面27的热塑性材料表面熔化。
在接下来的步骤中，使末端部分26朝向部件12发生塑性变形，以使部件12夹在部件10的相反面与末端部分26之间。因此，末端部分与加强件部件12的相反表面22的接合表面27相接触，该接合表面已经被热气流28加热。该步骤在图3中显示。
如图3所示，末端部分26的弯折通过辊子30实现，该辊子构成了由机器人32致动的变形装置，该辊子在加强件部件12的相反表面22上、在基本上平行于部件10的面16的平面内移动。在移动的时候，辊子可以任选地施加垂直作用力，以将末端部分26在加强件部件12的接合表面上挤压，引起界面上熔化的材料更好地混合。有时被称作“结合池”。
最后，最后的步骤包括使紧固起来的两个部件的套件冷却。在该冷却步骤结束时，这两个部件被紧固在一起，这是由于通过它们的界面上的热塑性材料熔化以及加强件12在末端部分26与车身部件10的相反表面16之间的机械阻力，相反表面22的接合表面27与突起18的末端部分26相接合。该机械阻力可阻止两个部件10和12之间失去接触。
本发明不受刚描述的实施方式的限制。
根据一个未图示的变化形式，热气流28只朝向末端部分26，这样做的优点是没有损害部件10的外观表面14的风险。在弯折步骤中，末端部分26的热量通过接触传递到部件12的接合表面27，这引起表面上的材料发生表面熔化，并使熔化的材料混合。
根据另一个如图4所示的变化形式，部件12不包括孔，其接触表面20由边缘34限定。边缘34为部件12的限定该部件的外轮廓的边缘的一部分。在使两个部件10和12相接触的步骤中，部件12的边缘34靠近突起，优选挡靠在突起18的基部，以确保两个部件对齐。然后，突起朝向边缘34弯折于部件12的接合表面27上。

Claims (11)

1.一种紧固机动车辆的第一（10）和第二（12）热塑性部件的方法，其特征在于，第一部件（10）包括一个从面（16）突出的突起（18），第二部件（12）包括一个接合表面（27），所述方法包括下述步骤：
－使第二部件（12）与第一部件（10）的所述面（16）接触，第二部件（12）被设计为使得第一部件的面的法向量与接合表面（27）的法向量之间的夹角为锐角或者为零，并使得接合表面靠近该突起，
－加热该突起（18），其中同时加热突起（18）的末端部分（26）以及接合表面（27），
－在平行于第一部件（10）的面（16）移动的变形装置（30）的作用下，使该突起（18）朝向第二部件发生塑性变形，即弯折，以使得该突起（18）的末端部分（26）与接合表面（27）相接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括将末端部分（26）在第二部件（12）上挤压的附加步骤，用以引起在末端部分和接合表面（27）的相接触部位（26，27）的界面上熔化的材料更好地混合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，塑性变形以及将末端部分（26）在第二部件（12）上挤压是通过变形装置实现的。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，变形装置（30）通过机器人（32）操纵。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，变形装置包括由机器人（32）操纵的辊子、压床、垫块或金属块。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，同时加热突起（18）的末端部分（26）以及接合表面（27）是通过热气流（28）、激光或者红外射线进行的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，突起（18）为舌片或肋条。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，第一部件（10）为车身部件，并且第二部件（12）为车身部件的加强件或者传感器的支撑件。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，第二部件（12）包括一个通向接合表面（27）的贯穿孔（24），当实施接触步骤时，突起穿过该孔（24），露出末端部分（26）。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，该突起位于第一部件（10）的面（16）的法向。
11.一种机动车辆的第一（10）和第二（12）热塑性部件的套件，其特征在于：
－第一部件（10）包括从面（16）突出的突起（18），
－第二部件（12）与第一部件（10）的面（16）相接触，
－通过加热突起（18）并且同时加热突起（18）的末端部分（26）以及接合表面（27），以及在平行于第一部件（10）的面移动的变形装置（30）的作用下使突起（18）朝向第二部件（12）弯折，突起（18）的末端部分（26）与第二部件（12）的接合表面（27）相接触，
－接合表面的法向量与第一部件的面的法向量之间的夹角为锐角或者为零，并且
－末端部分（26）和接合表面通过将它们的材料混合而紧固在一起。
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