JP3590528B2 - プラスチック材料製物品の溶着方法 - Google Patents

プラスチック材料製物品の溶着方法 Download PDF

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JP3590528B2
JP3590528B2 JP19879198A JP19879198A JP3590528B2 JP 3590528 B2 JP3590528 B2 JP 3590528B2 JP 19879198 A JP19879198 A JP 19879198A JP 19879198 A JP19879198 A JP 19879198A JP 3590528 B2 JP3590528 B2 JP 3590528B2
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articles
welding
welded
cooling
temperature
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JPH11138639A (ja
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ハウグ ペーター
ヴェルメリンゲル イェルグ
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Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme AG
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Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to time, e.g. temperature-time diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034—Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0342—Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B29C66/91413—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account the parts to be joined having different temperatures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91443—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time following a temperature-time profile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/959—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables
    • B29C66/9592—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. X-Y diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は熱可塑性プラスチック材料から成る物品を突合せ溶着法により互いに溶着する方法、また特に、必ずしもこれに限定されないが、例えば互いに溶着すべき熱可塑性プラスチック管を同軸の関係に所定位置に保持し、これ等管の端部を加熱し、２個のプラスチック管を互いに押しつけて、熱可塑性プラスチック管を互いに溶着する方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
このような方法は「加熱突合せ溶着」の語で知られている。この場合、溶着操作は加熱工程、及び接合工程の２つの工程を順次行う。
国際出願の国際公開第WO 95/11124 号には管の端部を互いに溶着する突合せ溶着機械を開示しており、互いに溶着すべき部片を同軸関係にクランプ機構によって保持している。その他、この機械は周囲の温度を測定するセンサと、タイマと、直線測定トランスジューサとを具えている。接合作用、及び冷却作用を監視するため、測定された周囲温度に基づいて、所定の冷却期間を固定することを提案している。
【０００３】
この国際公開の発明の教示によれば、クランプ機構から部片を取り外すことができる十分な強度を溶着継目が有するに到るまで、所定の期間を経過させて、互いに溶着された部片が冷却されることが必要である。一方の管の端部に当てて或る程度動かしたことを上述の直線測定トランスジューサによって検出するや、直ちに、冷却期間として、厳密なタイマをスタートさせる。これ等管の端部のこの相対運動によって、管の端部の相互の貫入が起き、有効な溶着が行われるはずである。この方法においては、互いに溶着される物品の強度を周囲の温度が決定すると考えているにしても、信頼性ある溶着接合のために必要な全てのパラメータを考慮している訳でない。
【０００４】
ヨーロッパ特許公開第0535454 号は熱可塑性プラスチック材料から成る管を互いに溶着する装置を開示している。この場合、クランプ機構によって管を同軸に保持するが、２個のクランプ機構の少なくとも一方を移動させるため、手動で操作するレバーを設けている。この装置は、信頼性ある溶着継目に関係がある管の寸法、及び管の材料に関する特定の数値を記憶するためのデータ記憶手段を組み込んだプロセス制御装置を具える。また、このプロセス制御装置に表示装置を設け、このプロセス制御装置を作動可能にチェック手段に接続している。この溶着プロセス中、この装置が手動で操作されている場合でも、誤作動を防止するように上記表示装置が関連する溶着パラメータを表示する。
【０００５】
最後に、ドイツ特許第2923205 号は熱可塑性プラスチック材料から成る中空輪郭部材を互いに「継目なし接合」する方法と装置とを開示している。この場合、端面が互いに接触するように、互いに固着すべき中空輪郭部材をクランプし、この接触区域を包囲する加熱装置により、この接触区域で中空輪郭部材を加熱する。中空輪郭部材の内部に支持装置をその挿入容積が可変になるように挿入する。加熱装置が２個の輪郭部材の端部区域を包囲していることと、接合工程中に支持装置が圧力を受けて保持されていることとにより、２個の中空輪郭部材を互いに連結するために必要な圧力を中空輪郭部材自身の熱膨張によって供給することができる。
【０００６】
以上の熱可塑性管、及びプラスチック物品を突合せ溶着する方法、及び装置の全てに共通なことは、接合工程を監視するため、冷却期間中、接合圧力を観察していることである。このシーケンスは経路、圧力、電力、時間の線図に記録される。溶着される継目の品質にとって、このようなプロセスシーケンスが必須であることは確実であると考えられていた。
しかし、多数のテストの経過中に、品質的に高いグレードで、再現性のある溶着のためにはその他のパラメータも必須であることを発見したことは驚くべきことである。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は熱可塑性プラスチック材料から成る物品を突合せ溶着法により互いに溶着する方法、特に、これに限定されないが、高い品質の絶対的に信頼性がある溶着継目を可能な限り、短時間に再現性あるように発生させ、熱可塑性プラスチック管を互いに溶着する方法を得るにある。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この目的を達成するため、本発明は、互いに溶着すべき２個の物品を同軸の関係に所定位置にクランプ装置によって保持し、互いに溶着すべきこれ等２個の物品の各自由端の区域に溶融溶着帯域を発生するよう互いに溶着すべきこれ等２個の物品間に設置し得る加熱装置によって互いに溶着すべきこれ等２個の物品を加熱し、溶着帯域が適正な温度に達するや、直ちに溶着膨大部を生ずるよう互いに溶着すべきこれ等２個の物品を互いに押しつけて、突合せ溶着法により熱可塑性プラスチック材料から成る物品を互いに溶着する方法において、溶着帯域の表面温度を検出する赤外線センサによって、前記溶着膨大部の表面温度を連続的に監視し、指標値Ｔ M(t) を次の数値積分の式〔数２〕に従って計算し、Ｔ M(t) が所定の値になるとき、冷却期間を完了してクランプ装置から取り出すことを特徴とする。ただし、Ｔ M(t) は時間とともに変化する前記溶着帯域の内部の材料の温度に関連する 指標値、Ｔ BT は前記赤外線センサの出力信号に基づく前記溶着膨大部の表面の検出温度、ｔは溶着膨大部形成後の経過時間、（Ｔ BT 、ｔ）はＴ BT とｔとに関連する関数とする。
【数２】
Figure 0003590528
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明方法では、溶着すべき２個の物品を互いに押しつけた後、溶着帯域を付加的に冷却するのが好適である。
この付加的な冷却を冷却ファンによって行ってもよいし、加圧空気の吹き付けによって行ってもよい。
２個の物品を加熱する工程を接触加熱によって行ってもよいし、非接触加熱によって行ってもよい。
【００１０】
【実施例】
熱可塑性プラスチック管の突合せ溶着法の既知の先行技術によれば、冷却の段階中、互いに溶着すべき２個の管の間の接触圧力のみを監視している。しかし、本願の発明者は溶着帯域の強度は冷却の段階が終わりに達したことを示す真の基準であることを確認した。けれども、この強度は冷却期間の長さに直接関係せず、互いに溶着すべき材料の内部温度に関係する。周囲温度が４０℃の場合、一定冷却期間の終わりに、溶着帯域内の材料の内部の温度は、周囲温度が５℃の場合に比較し３０℃以上も高い。周囲温度の影響を熟慮して考慮することを確認することは本発明方法の基本である。これにより、溶着帯域内の材料に必要な強度を確保するように冷却期間を制御することができる。
【００１１】
図１は本発明方法を実施する装置の線図的横断面図である。図１に示す突合せ溶着装置１は熱可塑性プラスチック材料から成る２個の管２を互いに突合せ溶着するのに特に適している。管２の前面を符号２ａにて示す。これ等２個の管をこの突合せ溶着装置内にクランプ装置３によってクランプする。この突合せ溶着装置には、管の前面２ａを接触加熱する装置、又は非接触加熱する装置が設けられている。
【００１２】
溶着帯域に、即ち管２の２個の前面２ａが互いに当接する帯域に赤外線センサ５を指向させ、この溶着帯域内の管の材料の温度を検出する。特に、この赤外線センサ５は溶着プロセス中に作り上げられる溶着膨大部の表面温度を検出する。実際の溶着プロセスの次の冷却期間中、赤外線センサ５の出力信号を電子制御ユニット４によって連続的に記録し、更に、以下に説明するように処理する。
【００１３】
冷却期間の長さは溶着帯域の内部の最高材料温度ＴM によって決定される。この温度は赤外線センサ５によって発生する信号に基づいて、積分数式によって計算される。
特に、時間に関する溶着帯域の内部の材料の温度をＴM(t)とし、溶着膨大部の表面の温度をＴBTとし、時間をｔとする時、この最高材料温度ＴM は次式「数３」によって計算される。
【数３】
Figure 0003590528
【００１４】
本発明方法は一定冷却、及び変化する冷却のような種々の冷却条件下で溶着帯域の内部の材料温度を決定する。このようにして、冷却期間の終わりの溶着継目の必要な強度を確実なものにする。更に、強制冷却によって冷却期間を短くすることができる。次のような方法により、冷却空気送給装置６によって冷却の効率を増大することができる。
・空気ファン（低圧大容量空気）による冷却、又は
・空気圧縮機（高圧小容量空気）による冷却。
このような冷却装置６を突合せ溶着装置１内に組み込むことができ、又は突合せ溶着装置１に付属品として随意に加えるようにすることもできる。
冷却期間は溶着膨大部の内部の材料温度が所定の指標値に達する直前に完了する。
【００１５】
図２は溶着作用の冷却線図を例として示す。曲線１１は溶着膨大部１３の表面における材料温度の変化を示す。所定量の熱エネルギーが管１４の端部に導入された結果、管１４の軟化した端部を互いに押しつけることによって溶着膨大部１３を生ずる。第２曲線１２は管１４の壁の有効に測定された材料温度の変化を示す。破線１５は管１４の壁の温度を計算によって求めた計算温度曲線を示す。管壁の温度を計算によって求めた計算温度曲線と、有効に測定された材料温度の曲線とが実際上合致していることは明らかである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明方法を実施する突合せ溶着装置の線図的断面図である。
【図２】温度と時間との関係を示す冷却線図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 突合せ溶着装置
２ 管
２ａ 管の前面
３ クランプ装置
４ 電子制御ユニット
５ 赤外線センサ
６ 冷却空気送給装置
１１、１２、１５ 温度時間曲線
１３ 溶着膨大部
１４ 管

Claims (5)

  1. 互いに溶着すべき２個の物品を同軸の関係に所定位置にクランプ装置によって保持し、互いに溶着すべきこれ等２個の物品の各自由端の区域に溶融溶着帯域を発生するよう互いに溶着すべきこれ等２個の物品間に設置し得る加熱装置によって互いに溶着すべきこれ等２個の物品を加熱し、溶着帯域が適正な温度に達するや、直ちに溶着膨大部を生ずるよう互いに溶着すべきこれ等２個の物品を互いに押しつけて、突合せ溶着法により熱可塑性プラスチック材料から成る物品を互いに溶着する方法において、溶着帯域の表面温度を検出する赤外線センサによって、前記溶着膨大部の表面温度を連続的に監視し、指標値Ｔ M(t) を次の数値積分の式
    Figure 0003590528
    に従って計算し、ＴM(t)が所定の値になるとき、冷却期間を完了してクランプ装置から取り出すことを特徴とするプラスチック材料製物品の溶着方法。
    ただし、Ｔ M(t) は時間とともに変化する前記溶着帯域の内部の材料の温度に関連する指標値、Ｔ BT は前記赤外線センサの出力信号に基づく前記溶着膨大部の表面の検出温度、ｔは溶着膨大部形成後の経過時間、（Ｔ BT 、ｔ）はＴ BT とｔとに関連する関数とする。
  2. 溶着膨大部を生ずるよう互いに溶着すべき２個の物品を互いに押しつけた後、前記溶着帯域を付加的に冷却する工程を更に有することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。
  3. 前記付加的冷却を冷却ファンによって行うことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の方法。
  4. 前記付加的冷却を加圧空気の吹付けによって行うことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の方法。
  5. 前記２個の物品を加熱する工程を接触加熱により、又は非接触加熱により行うことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。
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