CN1209852A - 吸音元件和该元件的制造及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及包括上面带孔的板材的吸音元件和它的制法,其中材料板是自我支撑的,这些孔是在板的长度和宽度方向上相互分开预定距离排列的微裂口(1),板上至少靠近每个裂口的一部分板被部分地压离材料平面。本发明的制造程序包括用剪切工具加工板材,剪切工具用于以足够的压力在板上预定地点制造微裂口,板上部分板材料裂开,至少靠近每一个微裂口的一部分板被压离材料平面。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吸音元件,该元件的制造和应用方法。
背景技术
在此一技术领域中有各种不同的吸音元件。安装在天花板上的消音材料通常由多孔板构成,吸音毛毡或其他一些纤维基材料的吸音材料放在多孔板的后边。这些多孔板离开实际天花板一定距离安放。这种情况以及吸音材料本身也需要空间的事实意味着室内可用高度减小。纤维、玻璃纤维或石棉制成的其他种类的消音板有许多缺点,主要是不仅在装修过程中也在拆除过程中处理它们有害于健康。泡沫塑料也用作吸音元件,这些材料的明显缺陷是易燃。泡沫塑料寿命短,随后就会脱落。
瑞典专利207484披露了一种吸音元件,用于天花板、墙体或相似场合中。依据这一专利,该元件由一个单层板或一长卷材料构成,上面制作有许多排平行的开口,在邻近的平行裂口之间的元件部分被压离板平面,所述部分通过下垂片与元件联结。所有的突出部分在一个平面上,该平面平行于板平面但在板平面外面。开口由垂直于材料平面的大小相同的裂口组成。每一裂口紧靠着板材并且紧靠着通过下垂片与板相连的突出部分。这些突出部分基本平行于板材。如果压出的突出部分的上表面仍低于板的下表面,该专利则认为没有形成裂口,即,该专利权利要求不包括一个通过板的单独竖直的裂口,但是突出部分必须制成使其突出部分基本上被压离板的表面。
瑞典公开文本394126披露了一种相似结构,它所披露的金属板有许多形状象平行棱的突出部,每一个突出部由位于两个纵向裂口之间的部分金属板构成,其中每个突出部的切开表面被从板的中部平面上向外推出。
还有一些带各种形状的突出裂口与一层吸音添加材料结合所得的组合板,例如,瑞典公开文本325694和美国专利2009512中所举实施例。
除上述板之外,还有压缩纤维和多孔材料的各种吸音片,可与板结合或分开使用。
现有技术的一般特征是声音由相当大的开孔和裂口穿过板,板本身成了共鸣吸收体,为了进一步增加能量损耗,即增大声音吸收,在开孔和裂口后面放置一个气流阻挡层。
这些早期的带孔吸音片是Helmholtz共振型的,即,板上带有孔的共振吸收体距离刚性墙壁一定距离安装。
在H.V.Fuchs的文章“Einsatz mikroperforierer Platten alsschallabsorber mit inharenter Dampfung”,Acustica 81卷(1995),107--116页中,披露了另一种声音吸收体的原理。
该文披露了利用微孔板获得宽波段吸收的方法。这一方法背后的原理是小开孔内的剪切力的影响有效消弱了空气中的振动(=声音),这样获得了宽波段吸收,而无须应用添加纤维或其他多孔材料。文中的开孔是由激光束制得的。
尽管如此,从上面引述的文章可以得到结论如下:制造这些板的费用可观,并且当硬质和/或厚壁材料费用昂贵时使得它们难以应用。从1950年就开始讨论微孔理论,但是制造这么多这么小的孔的种种困难妨碍了将微孔实际用作声音吸收件。
这样,依照该领域现状的消声元件,如Helmholtz型共振器,除了先提出的缺点外,还有一个缺点是为在较宽频率范围内获得所要的吸音性能必须应用组合材料。
我已指出,例如象上述文章中那样用激光束制造微孔吸音元件非常昂贵。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是获得一种吸音元件,它具有宽波段吸音特征,由一个易于装配和制造并且无需纤维或类似材料夹层的单板构成。
另一个目的是获得一种吸音元件,能容易地制成二维或三维,能够进行焊接,并且即使用高压喷头或用包括不同种清洗剂的其他清洗技术也能方便地进行清洗。
另一个目的是得到一种吸音元件,由于它的制造方法而具有经济优势。
另一个目的是得到一种吸音元件,可以阻燃,并且能耐严酷条件,例如腐蚀性环境。
还有一个目的是得到一种具有装饰效果的吸音元件。
依照本发明的吸音元件和制造这种吸音元件的方法,它令人惊异的显示出,能够在基本全部的实际波段区间获得优异的吸音效果。权利要求1和8的特征部分所定义的元件和制造它的一种方法可达到上述目的。
这种元件和工艺得到了一种简单而不复杂的元件,它易于制造和安装,能耐高温,能耐所要的化学环境,并且是自我支撑的。
本发明的元件,可变形,可焊接,又薄又轻,便于安装。
依照本发明的元件,通过改变每平方米的裂口数目和改变裂口形状还能适应不同声学要求,还可以预见,它具有这样的性能,即能够剪裁出满足不同需要的元件或元件系统。
该元件还显示出能高效消除机器噪音。这样,它可以用于发动机组件、机加工工具和车辆。当用于消音器时,可以用本发明元件制造部分或全部消音器。
该元件适合用于上述用途,不仅是因为优异的加工成形性能和能够用已知技术如焊接来结合该元件和金属结构,而且还因为其具有阻燃性能和可洗性能等特点。
本发明的元件和方法的进一步特性在后附的权利要求中。
附图简介
下面参照附图描述本发明。
图1是本发明元件中一部分的实施例的平面图。
图2是显示图1元件部分表面的放大图,对应面积是4平方厘米。
图3是显示图2中对应于通过一些裂口的最宽处的标记线的轮廓图。
图4显示本发明元件两个实施例吸收因子随频率变化的两条对比曲线图。
实施例
图1是本发明带微裂口2的吸音元件1的一个实施例的局部平面图,裂口形成的图样只是裂口的许多可能替换方案中的一例。除其他因素外,裂口之间的关系决定于裂口形成的表面部分的大小。当然制作该图案的目的可以是为获得特殊的装饰效果,又不排除改变裂口形状和数量的可能性,以获得所要的吸音效果。图1中,元件上的裂口成排分布,排与排之间相互分开。因为它变成略微带波纹形,通过该图案提高了元件刚度,当然这意味着可以使用比不带波纹形时更薄的材料。
图2是图1的放大图,可以更细地看清裂口。图中标出了微裂口的最大宽度b和长度l。用一个一边相对于另一边有波形的刀具在材料卷上加工出所示实施例中的微裂口。以适当的压力施加在材料板上,就产生了裂口2,以及第一和第二裂口边3和4,即工具边缘部分的突出齿压在材料板上,材料板在一定的剪切力下,裂口的边缘3将部分被压离平面,产生了裂口2。部分5表明因操作使裂口边缘3产生了轻微变形。图中未显示另一裂口边缘4。可以用多种剪切方式对材料进行加工。
当然,在剪切操作中,控制压力可使得裂口达到预定的长度和大小,同时材料不被切掉。在本发明范围内技术人员可以决定剪切操作的恰当参数。例子中显示出通过移动带齿工具边缘,在每个连续排之间的移位距离是齿间距的一半,这样,裂口在纵向上呈之字行。
图3示出沿图2中直线Ⅲ-Ⅲ的截面简图。从图中可以看出,微裂口2垂直于材料板1,图中忽略了剪切操作造成的金属局部变形,在制造裂口2的剪切操作中,剪切面6被压出的距离大于材料板的厚度。随后,转动突出部分到多少突出于材料板的预定位置上。
参照各图,尤其是图2,可以决定微裂口的形状。裂口为细长形的,两端较窄,基本处于元件平面上。通过改变裂口的宽度可以吸收较宽频率范围的音波,即,不同波长的音波被不同宽度的裂口吸收。
裂口的恰当长度是3-20毫米,4-10毫米的长度效果较好,长度最好是5-6毫米。元件平板上裂口的最大宽度在0.01-0.8毫米之间,0.05-0.5毫米之间更好,最佳范围在0.1-0.4毫米之间。
图4显示了本发明两个不同实施例的吸收曲线。实线A显示的吸收曲线是元件依照ISO356标准安装,距离墙壁150毫米。曲线B显示的是当两个相同的元件迭放安装时的吸收情况,一个距离墙壁100毫米,另一个150毫米。测试中所用元件都是相同的,即,所有使用的元件形状和裂口数目相同。图中可以看出,与只用一个单一元件相比两个单个的元件迭放安装在整个的频率范围内吸音效果更好。尽管多个元件的效果大致如实施例中所示,不同设计(不同的离开尺寸和密度)的元件测试出的曲线多少不同。
制造元件的材料最好是金属。例如不锈钢,铝,和铝合金。当然也可以用其他金属或合金。在某些应用场合中,也可以考虑使用合适的塑料。
当然,本发明元件也可以制造成尺寸不一的便于安装的形状,也可以形成卷状或板状,随后切割以适应不同目的。这些元件也可以与开口无关地通过某些处理如皱褶等加强。便于安装形状可制成带框架和紧固件等,这对于技术人员是显而易见的。在不背离下面专利要求的范围下,技术人员可以进行其他的改进。
Claims (17)
1、一种吸音元件,由上面带有孔的板材组成,其特征在于,板材是自我支撑的,这些孔是由在板的宽度和长度方向上相隔开分布的微裂口(1)构成,其中至少靠近每个裂口的一部分板被局部地压离板平面。
2、如权利要求1所述吸音元件,其特征在于,材料板上被轻微辗压局部压离的部分被部分地回到材料平面。
3、如上述任一权利要求中所述的吸音元件,其特征在于,微裂口的最大宽度是0.01-0.8毫米,0.05-0.8毫米之间更好,最好在0.1-0.4毫米之间。
4、如上述任一权利要求中所述的吸音元件,其特征在于,微裂口的长度为3-20毫米,4-10毫米之间更好,最好在5-6毫米之间。
5、如上述任一权利要求中所述的吸音元件,其特征在于,材料板的孔隙率为10-40%,15-30%更好,最好在20-30%。
6、如上述任一权利要求中所述的吸音元件,其特征在于,材料板的厚度为0.1-10毫米,最好为0.1-5毫米。
7、如上述任一权利要求中所述的吸音元件,其特征在于,材料板是金属的,最好是不锈钢、铝或铝合金。
8、如权利要求1-6的任何一个所述的吸音元件,其特征在于,材料板是塑料的。
9、一种吸音元件系统,其特征在于,至少两个按照权利要求1-7中的任何单板接合成一个单元,或至少两个所述元件平行安置,相互间分开一个预定的距离。
10、一种制造如权利要求1-7的任何一项中所述的吸音元件的方法,其特征在于,用剪切工具加工材料板(1),剪切工具制成能沿板的长度和宽度隔开预定距离对板加压,产生微裂口(2)形式的孔,其中被加工的板局部裂开,至少靠近裂口的一部分板被全部或部分地压出材料平面。
11、如权利要求9的方法,其特征在于,被轻微辗压工艺制成的材料板突出部分全部或部分地回到板平面。
12、如权利要求1-7或8的任何一项中所述的吸音元件,用作建筑和通风和供暖工业的吸音元件。
13、如权利要求1-7或8的任何一项中所述的吸音元件,用于消弱车间机械和车辆的噪音。
14、如权利要求1-8的任何一项中所述的吸音元件,用作发动机构件的隔音材料。
15、如权利要求1-7或8的任何一项中所述的吸音元件,用在消声器上。
16、如权利要求10-13的任何一项中所述的应用,其特征在于,用至少两个如权利要求1-7的吸音元件接合成一个系统,或装成双层或多层,相互间分开预定的距离。
17、应用如权利要求1-7或8的任何一项中所述的吸音元件作的吸音设备,其特征在于,所述一个或多个元件形成预定的形状。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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SE9600273A SE506188C2 (sv) | 1996-01-25 | 1996-01-25 | Ljudabsorberande element samt förfarande för framställning av detta element samt användning av elementet |
SE9600273-8 | 1996-01-25 | ||
SE96002738 | 1996-01-25 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1209852A true CN1209852A (zh) | 1999-03-03 |
CN1083042C CN1083042C (zh) | 2002-04-17 |
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CN97191893A Expired - Lifetime CN1083042C (zh) | 1996-01-25 | 1997-01-23 | 吸音元件和该元件的制造及其应用 |
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US (1) | US6194052B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0876539B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3632768B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100457886B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1083042C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE229601T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU723237B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9707191A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2243950C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69717789T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0876539T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2190519T3 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT876539E (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2182626C2 (zh) |
SE (1) | SE506188C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1997027370A1 (zh) |
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-
1996
- 1996-01-25 SE SE9600273A patent/SE506188C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-01-23 BR BR9707191-9A patent/BR9707191A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-23 AT AT97901888T patent/ATE229601T1/de active
- 1997-01-23 JP JP52678597A patent/JP3632768B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-23 AU AU15634/97A patent/AU723237B2/en not_active Expired
- 1997-01-23 EP EP97901888A patent/EP0876539B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-23 PT PT97901888T patent/PT876539E/pt unknown
- 1997-01-23 DK DK97901888T patent/DK0876539T3/da active
- 1997-01-23 CA CA002243950A patent/CA2243950C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-23 CN CN97191893A patent/CN1083042C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-23 ES ES97901888T patent/ES2190519T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-23 RU RU98115849/03A patent/RU2182626C2/ru active
- 1997-01-23 WO PCT/SE1997/000110 patent/WO1997027370A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-01-23 DE DE69717789T patent/DE69717789T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-23 US US09/101,895 patent/US6194052B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (7)
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CN100416650C (zh) * | 2002-12-27 | 2008-09-03 | 茅祚庥 | 一种吸声材料的制造方法 |
CN106757024A (zh) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-31 | 辽宁融达新材料科技有限公司 | 一种微缝吸音板制造方法 |
CN108730033A (zh) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-11-02 | 现代自动车株式会社 | 透声金属板和使用该透声金属板的吸音复合板 |
CN108730033B (zh) * | 2017-04-13 | 2022-01-18 | 现代自动车株式会社 | 透声金属板和使用该透声金属板的吸音复合板 |
CN109552203A (zh) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-02 | 丰田纺织株式会社 | 包括吸音构件的车辆内饰部件 |
CN109552203B (zh) * | 2017-09-27 | 2022-02-11 | 丰田纺织株式会社 | 包括吸音构件的车辆内饰部件 |
CN110847647A (zh) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-02-28 | 苏师大半导体材料与设备研究院(邳州)有限公司 | 一种低噪音发电设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE9600273L (sv) | 1997-07-26 |
EP0876539B1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
AU1563497A (en) | 1997-08-20 |
EP0876539A1 (en) | 1998-11-11 |
ES2190519T3 (es) | 2003-08-01 |
PT876539E (pt) | 2003-04-30 |
BR9707191A (pt) | 1999-12-28 |
SE9600273D0 (sv) | 1996-01-25 |
RU2182626C2 (ru) | 2002-05-20 |
US6194052B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 |
KR19990082005A (ko) | 1999-11-15 |
KR100457886B1 (ko) | 2005-04-06 |
JP3632768B2 (ja) | 2005-03-23 |
DE69717789T2 (de) | 2003-09-18 |
SE506188C2 (sv) | 1997-11-17 |
CN1083042C (zh) | 2002-04-17 |
DE69717789D1 (de) | 2003-01-23 |
ATE229601T1 (de) | 2002-12-15 |
JP2000504120A (ja) | 2000-04-04 |
DK0876539T3 (da) | 2003-03-31 |
WO1997027370A1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
CA2243950C (en) | 2006-08-29 |
CA2243950A1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
AU723237B2 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
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