CN1195967C - 使用多孔元件的热存储/释放系统 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D17/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
- F28D17/02—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles using rigid bodies, e.g. of porous material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/902—Heat storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/907—Porous
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- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
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Abstract
一种用于存储或释放热能的热存储/释放系统,它包括:一个其中流动热传递介质的通道单元;至少一个其中有空间并与通道单元接触的箱体;一种装在箱体中用以通过在固态和液态间的相变来存储/释放热能的热存储材料;和至少一个从通道单元延伸入箱体中的多孔元件,用以与热存储材料进行热交换。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热存储/释放系统,特别涉及一种使用多孔元件的用于存储或释放潜热能的热存储/释放系统。
背景技术
潜热存储系统,作为一种热存储系统,使用根据热存储材料的相变(例如,由水变成冰或由冰变成水)产生的潜热。它可以被分成一种用于凝结(冻结)或融化用作围绕热交换管的热存储材料的相变材料的类型,和一种用于存储和释放由装在密封箱(容器)中的热存储材料的相变所产生的热能的类型。
在任何一种类型中,在热传递表面(管壁表面或密封箱表面)和相变边界表面之间的距离随相变进展(进行)而增加,而由于填充于这两表面之间的热存储材料而造成的热传递阻抗也增加。
因此,凝结速度或融化速度随着热存储材料的凝结或融化进展而降低,因此,热存储和释放效率降低。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明的一个目的在于提供一种热存储/释放系统,它可以提高热存储材料的凝结速度或融化速度,并改善热存储和释放效率。
为了实现上述目的,一种根据本发明的热存储/释放系统,它包括:一个其中流动热传递介质的通道单元;和至少一个热存储单元,此热存储单元包括至少一个其中有空间并与通道单元接触的箱体;一种装在箱体中用以通过在固态和液态间的相变来存储/释放热能的热存储材料;和至少一个从通道单元延伸入箱体中的多孔元件,用以与热存储材料进行热交换。
附图说明
附图用以进一步说明本发明,并被包括作为本说明书的一部分,用以图示本发明的实施例,并与本说明书一起用以阐明本发明的原理。
其中:
图1是示出了根据本发明的热存储/释放系统的第一实施例的剖面图;
图2是示出了图1中热存储/释放系统的改型例的剖面图;
图3是示出了图1中热存储/释放系统的另一改型例的剖面图;
图4是示出了根据本发明的热存储/释放系统的第二实施例的剖面图;
图5是一曲线图,表示出根据本发明的热存储/释放系统与传统热存储/释放系统的性能对比曲线。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将参照附图对根据本发明的热存储/释放系统的优选实施例进行详细说明。
如图1至4所示,根据本发明的热存储/释放系统,包括:一个其中流动热传递介质的通道单元20;和一包括有多个箱体13的热存储单元10,箱体内部具有空间且该箱体与通道单元20相接触地组装在一起,在箱体13中装有热存储材料,以存储/释放由固态和液态之间的相变产生的热能,多个多孔元件11从通道单元20伸入该箱体,以与热存储材料进行热交换。通道单元20围绕箱体13的外部。
如图1所示,在根据本发明第一实施例的热存储/释放系统之中,通道单元20由一其中流动热传递介质的管道组成。如图4所示,热存储单元10具有一箱体13,该箱体与通道单元20的外表面相接触地组装在一起。该管道在由图4所示的各箱体13包围的热存储单元10之间可以成形为普通管状或者具有规则间隔的板状。
通道单元20与一通道管(管道,未示出)相连接安装,通过该通道管,在通过通道单元20时完成热交换的热传递介质被传送到一个外部热交换单元(未示出)。而且,上述热传递介质在该外部单元中吸收或释放热量。
多孔元件11形成在箱体13的空间中。在多孔元件11之间具有孔隙空腔体积。填充于箱体13中的热存储材料(例如水)通过多孔元件11以提高的速度和效率与通道单元20中的热传递介质(例如蒸汽)进行热交换。
更具体地,通过使用具有高导热性和其间具有大孔隙表面积的多孔元件11,使通过热存储材料(例如水)的导热能力大幅增加,相应地,热交换速度可以得到提高。对高导热性而言,更优选的是多孔元件11由泡沫金属做成,更具体地,由铝泡沫做成。
尽管各种各样的相变原料可用作热存储材料,但水是被最广泛应用的,因为它不会对环境造成污染,并且在相变时具有大量的潜热。
就水而言,水与冰之间的相变会导致大的体积变化。在这种情况下,如图2和3所示,在根据第一实施例的热存储/释放系统中,热存储单元10包括多个多孔元件11,每一多孔元件11彼此以一定的间隔,即间隔部分12,与通道元件20组装。因此,可以吸收由热存储材料的相变而造成的体积变化。如图2所示,有多个多孔元件11,并且多个间隔部分12形成在多孔元件11之间。
更具体地,如图2所示,在根据本发明的热存储/释放系统中,在热存储材料的体积因相变(即对于水来说从液相变为固相)而膨胀时,热存储材料(例如水)被推出多孔元件11,并相应地,由于热存储材料的体积膨胀,多孔元件11有小的变形。
特别地,因为更多的热交换发生在与通道单元20相邻接的位置,如图3中所示,间隔部分12离通道单元20越远,间隔部分12的宽度就越窄。即,多孔元件11离开通道单元20越远,多孔元件11的宽度就越宽。因此,随着热存储材料(如水)远离通道单元20,热存储材料具有大的与多孔元件11接触的表面,以进行热交换。因此,靠近通道单元20的热存储材料和远离通道单元20的热存储材料都与多孔元件11交换相似量的热能,由此获得同步存储/释放的性能,而与热存储材料的位置无关。
同时,如图4所示,箱体13覆盖了热存储单元10的外部,其中设置有多孔元件11以填充热存储单元10。而且,通道单元20与箱体13的外部结合。
图5是一个图表,示出了根据本发明的热存储/释放系统与传统热存储/释放系统的性能对比曲线。它示出了一种使用孔隙度为92%的多孔铝的热存储/释放系统的融化(解冻)厚度和热释放率。
虚线表示传统热存储/释放系统的性能,而实线表示根据本发明的热存储/释放系统的性能。如图5所示,本发明的热释放性能远远超出了传统热存储/释放系统的相应性能。
在这里,孔隙度是一个重要因素。当孔隙度过高时,热传递率低,在热释放或热存储时间方面,本热存储/释放系统与传统热存储/释放系统之间就没有如此大的差距。相反,当孔隙度很低时,热存储能力将因围绕多孔元件11设置的热存储材料的量的减少而降低。因此,优选地,多孔元件11的孔隙度大约为80-95%。
在根据本发明的热存储/释放系统中,尽管在多个多孔元件11之间的间隔增大了和/或包含多孔元件11的箱体13的宽度增大了,但因为在热传递表面和相变边界表面之间的热阻抗由于多孔元件11的高导热性而大幅减少,所以可以使得热存储与释放效率高于传统热存储/释放系统,并相应地,本发明热存储/释放系统每单位体积的热存储率会增加。
另外,在传统的热存储/释放系统中,由于热量排放率因热释放的进展而大幅减少,不可能提供对应于一瞬时大热负荷的热释放量,即使存储的热容量是足够的;而且相应地,需要装设一个过大的存储单元或需要同时运转存储单元和制冷器。
然而,在根据本发明的热存储/释放系统中,即使在热负荷随时间有很大变动时,由于多孔元件11的高导热性带来的快速凝结和融化能力,也可以提供对应于热负荷的热释放量。
在本发明中的热存储/释放系统,能够提高热存储材料(例如水)的凝结或融化速度,并改善热存储和释放效率。另外,在设计热存储/释放系统或确定操作方法时,无需考虑由于随存储/释放过程的进展而减小的热存储/释放率造成的限制。
虽然对本发明做了上述说明,但显然可以许多方式改变它。这种改变不会脱离本发明的构思和范围,并且所有这些对本领域普通技术人员来说显而易见的改变都将包含在所附权利要求的范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种热存储/释放系统,它包括:
一个通过其流动热传递介质的通道单元;
至少一个与上述通道单元相接触的箱体;
至少一个从上述通道单元延伸入上述箱体的多孔金属元件;和
一种装在上述箱体中用以通过在固态和液态间的相变来存储/释放热能的热存储材料;
其中,上述热存储材料部分填充在上述至少一个多孔金属元件的孔中,并且利用上述热传递介质和上述热存储材料之间的传导,通过上述至少一个多孔金属元件进行热交换。
2.根据权利要求1的热存储/释放系统,其特征在于,上述通道单元为一个管道。
3.根据权利要求1的热存储/释放系统,其特征在于,上述热存储/释放系统具有多个上述箱体,而上述通道单元形成在构成上述箱体的两个板之间。
4.根据权利要求1的热存储/释放系统,其特征在于,上述热存储材料是水。
5.根据权利要求1的热存储/释放系统,其特征在于,上述多孔金属元件的孔隙度约为80-95%。
6.根据权利要求1的热存储/释放系统,其特征在于,上述热存储/释放系统具有多个上述箱体,并且上述通道单元围绕上述箱体的外部。
7.根据权利要求1的热存储/释放系统,其特征在于,上述热存储/释放系统包括多个上述多孔金属元件,这些多孔金属元件由在上述多孔金属元件之间形成的多个间隔部分分开。
8.根据权利要求7的热存储/释放系统,其特征在于,上述间隔部分离上述通道单元越远,该间隔部分的宽度就越窄。
9.根据权利要求1的热存储/释放系统,其特征在于,上述多孔金属元件由铝制成。
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KR10-2001-0089318A KR100468217B1 (ko) | 2001-12-31 | 2001-12-31 | 다공성 금속물질을 이용한 축방열 시스템 |
KR89318/2001 | 2001-12-31 |
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CN1195967C true CN1195967C (zh) | 2005-04-06 |
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JP (1) | JP3883965B2 (zh) |
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2001
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2002
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2003
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KR100468217B1 (ko) | 2005-01-26 |
CN1430039A (zh) | 2003-07-16 |
US20030121637A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
US6892798B2 (en) | 2005-05-17 |
KR20030058784A (ko) | 2003-07-07 |
JP2003279080A (ja) | 2003-10-02 |
JP3883965B2 (ja) | 2007-02-21 |
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