CN1180501C - 电源装置 - Google Patents

电源装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1180501C
CN1180501C CNB011238283A CN01123828A CN1180501C CN 1180501 C CN1180501 C CN 1180501C CN B011238283 A CNB011238283 A CN B011238283A CN 01123828 A CN01123828 A CN 01123828A CN 1180501 C CN1180501 C CN 1180501C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
power supply
air
supply module
supply unit
zoning chamber
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB011238283A
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English (en)
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CN1337755A (zh
Inventor
С�Ϻ�ʷ
小田贵史
堀内达人
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Publication of CN1337755A publication Critical patent/CN1337755A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/10—Multiple hybrid or EDL capacitors, e.g. arrays or modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/14—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors
    • H01G11/18—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors against thermal overloads, e.g. heating, cooling or ventilating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/907—Electricity storage, e.g. battery, capacitor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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Abstract

电源装置包括：多个电源组件、在多行列上平行排列地容纳电源组件的固定外壳、风扇。固定外壳用间壁把内部分隔成多列区划室。间壁把与电源组件相对的表面做成沿着电源组件的表面的形状，而设置一定间隔的送风冷却导管。固定外壳在第一表面板上开出流入口，在第二表面板上开出排气口。电源装置，通过风扇来把空气从流入口分流到多列区划室中，把通过送风冷却导管的空气从排气口进行排气，来冷却容纳在区划室中的电源组件。

Description

电源装置
技术领域
本发明主要涉及驱动混合动力汽车和电动汽车的电动机的电源中所使用的大电流电源装置。
背景技术
在驱动汽车行驶用的电动机的电源中所使用的大电流、大输出的电源装置是把串联连接多个电池的电源组件进一步进行串联连接来提高输出电压。用于增大驱动电动机的输出。用于这种用途的电源装置能流过极大的电流。例如，在混合动力汽车等中，当起动时和进行加速时，用电池的输出来加速汽车，因此，能流过100A以上的非常大的电流。而且，当在短时间内急速充电时，也会流过大电流。
流过大电流所使用的电源装置，当电池的温度上升时，需要进行强制冷却。特别是，把多个电源组件排列成纵横的行和列放入到固定外壳中的电源装置非常需要均匀地冷却各个电源组件。这是当被冷却的电池的温度不均匀时，温度变高的电池的性能降低所致。
在固定外壳中容纳多个电源组件，而更均匀地冷却各个电源组件的构造记载在例如日本专利特开平10-270095号和特开平11-329518号公报中。在前者的公报中所记载的电源装置，如图1的断面图所示的那样，把固定外壳122的下部作为空气的流入口123，把上部作为排出口124，使空气从下部的流入口123向上部的排出口124流动，来冷却容纳在内部的电源组件121。在固定外壳122内部设置用于调整流过电源组件121的表面的空气的流速的冷却调整风扇125。
该构造的固定外壳122使流过设在上部的电源组件121的表面的空气的流速快于流过下部的电源组件121的表面的空气的流速。当使流过上部和下部的电源组件121的表面的空气的速度相同时，由于通过下部的电源组件121的表面的空气温度较低，能够比上部更有效地冷却下部的电源组件121，则在上部和下部上可以使电源组件121产生温度差。
冷却调整风扇125使上部的电源组件121的表面的空气的流速快于下部，因此，使冷却调整风扇125与电源组件121之间的空气的流动间隙向上方依次变窄。当使流动间隙变窄时，空气的流速变快。
这种构造的电源装置是：用较冷的空气来冷却下部的电源组件，而用快速的流速来冷却上部的电源组件，而在更均匀的环境中来冷却上下电源组件。但是，在该构造中，非常难于以均匀的条件来冷却上下的电源组件。这是因为：冷却下部电源组件的空气温度较低，而冷却上部的电源组件的空气温度变高。由高温的空气所冷却的上部的电源组件即使使流过表面的流速变快，也难于象下部的电源组件一样进行有效的冷却。因此，设置在空气的流入口附近的电源组件被有效地冷却，却难于有效地冷却设置在空气的排出口附近的电源组件，而存在使容纳在固定外壳中的电源组件产生温度差的缺陷。在排出口附近，非常难于进行有效的冷却的电源组件处于高温中而存在易于劣化的弊端。
而且，在后者的公报中所记载的电源装置，如图2的断面图所示的那样，使冷却用的空气从固定外壳222的中途流入。在固定外壳222的中途所流入的空气，给空气的出口附近提供较冷的空气，使固定外壳222的内部温度变得均匀。该构造能够减小固定外壳内部的温度差，但是，通过从中途所吸入的空气，降低了在固定外壳内流动的空气的流速。为了更有效地冷却电源组件221，非常希望降低进行冷却的空气的温度，并且，希望加快流过电源组件221表面的空气的流速。即使空气温度降低，当流速变慢时，与电源组件表面直接接触的部分的空气的温度变高。电源组件221用直接与表面相接触的空气进行冷却，因此，当该部分的空气温度变高时，不能有效地进行冷却。
发明内容
本发明以解决这样的现有的电源装置的缺点为目的而开发的。本发明的重要的目的是提供一种电源装置，能够均匀地冷却容纳在固定外壳内的多个电源组件全体，有效地防止由温差所引起的电池性能的降低。
本发明的这些和其他的目的、优点及特征将通过结合附图对本发明的实施例的描述而得到进一步说明。
本发明的电源装置，包括：多个电源组件；固定外壳，在内部多列平行地排列容纳该电源组件，并且，用流过内部的空气来冷却电源组件；风扇，通过强制地供给或者吸取空气来给固定外壳进行送风。固定外壳是具有两个表面相对的第一表面板和第二表面板的箱形，沿着第一表面板和第二表面板的表面以多列横向地排列设置多个电源组件。而且，固定外壳在横向排列设置的多列电源组件之间设置间壁。间壁设在第一表面板与第二表面板之间。固定外壳用该间壁把内部划分为多列的区划室，在各列的区划室中设置电源组件。把间壁作成使与电源组件相对表面沿着电源组件的表面的形状，在电源组件表面与间壁的相对表面之间设置一定间隔的送风冷却导管，通过该送风冷却导管使给区划室送风的空气沿着电源组件的表面流动。而且，固定外壳，贯通第一表面板，而开出使空气向多列的区划室的送风冷却导管分流而流入的流入口，并且，贯通第二表面板，开出把通过多列的区划室的送风冷却导管的空气排出到外部的排气口。电源装置通过风扇来使空气从第一表面板的流入口向多列的区划室分流而流入，使空气通过送风冷却导管来冷却电源组件，从第二表面板的排出口排出冷却的空气，来冷却容纳在多列区划室中的电源组件。
该构造的电源装置，具有能够更均匀地冷却容纳在固定外壳内的多个电源组件全体，有效地防止由温差所引起的电池性能的降低的优点。这是因为：本发明的电源装置，把固定外壳的内部用间壁划分为多列区划室，在各列的区划室中配置电源组件，把间壁作成沿着电源组件的表面的形状，而设置一定间隔的送风冷却导管，使向区划室送风的空气通过该送风冷却导管沿着电源组件的表面流动。该构造的电源装置，以一定间隔设置送风冷却导管，因此，不会降低在固定外壳内流动的空气的流速，而能够有效地冷却电源组件，而且，该电源装置把送风冷却导管作成沿着电源组件表面的形状，因此，使通过它的空气直接接触到电源组件的表面全体，能够非常有效地进行均匀冷却。
本发明的电源装置可以使送风冷却导管的间隔在电源组件的全周上大致一定。而且，本发明的电源装置最好把多个电源组件以多行和多列进行平行排列而容纳在固定外壳中。
而且，本发明的电源装置在固定外壳中以两行排列来容纳多个电源组件，在设置在第一表面板侧的第一行的上游区划室中可设置至少一个空气积存处。该电源装置把下游区划室的送风冷却导管在电源组件的几乎全周做得大致一定，把上游区划室的送风冷却导管的间隔做得比下游区划室的送风冷却导管的间隔更宽些，可设置至少一个空气积存处。上游区划室使送风冷却导管的间隔在电源组件的全周的约二分之一上大致一定，其余的二分之一变宽而可设置空气积存处。空气积存处可以设在上游区划室的下游侧。而且，上游区划室可以在电源组件的约全周上设置多个空气积存处。上游区划室的断面形状为方形，可以在四角的拐角处设置空气积存处。而且，上游区划室可以使处于上游侧和下游侧之间的送风冷却导管的间隔等于下游区划室的送风冷却导管的间隔。
而且，本发明的电源装置，在固定外壳中以两行排列来容纳多个电源组件，设置旁路，用于使空气从设置在第一表面板侧的第一行的上游区划室流入配置在第二表面板侧的第二行的下游区划室。
而且，本发明的电源装置，在固定外壳中以多行排列来容纳多个电源组件，在相邻行中分段地排列多个电源组件。
间壁最好是：在与电源组件的相对表面上突出设置保持突出部，该保持突出部的顶端接触到电源组件的表面上，把电源组件保持在区划室内。
电源组件和区划室最好为圆柱状，把电源组件配置在区划室的中心，设置一定间隔的送风冷却导管。
附图说明
图1是现有的电源装置的剖视图；
图2是现有的另一个电源装置的剖视图；
图3是本发明的实施例的电源装置的断面透视图；
图4是内置在图3所示的电源装置中的电源组件的侧面图；
图5是图4所示的电源组件的分解剖视图；
图6是图3所示的电源装置的A-A线断面图；
图7是本发明的另一个实施例的电源装置的断面图；
图8是本发明的另一个实施例的电源装置的断面图；
图9是本发明的另一个实施例的电源装置的断面图；
图10是本发明的另一个实施例的电源装置的断面图。
具体实施方式
图3所示的电源装置包括：多个电源组件1、内置该电源组件的固定外壳2、冷却固定外壳2电源组件1的风扇9。固定外壳2的内部以多个行列平行排列容纳电源组件1，用通过内部的空气来冷却电源组件。
电源组件1是直线状连接多个二次电池或者静电电容量大的超级电容器而形成的，电源组件1例如直线状串联连接6个二次电池。使用超级电容器的电源组件是并联或者串联连接着多个超级电容器。但是，电源组件可以由一个二次电池和超级电容器所构成。图4所示的电源组件1是用盘状连接体7直线状连接圆筒型的二次电池6。在电源组件1的两端，连接由正极端子5A和负极端子5B组成的电极端子5。
在图4和图5中表示了盘状连接体7直线状连接二次电池6的构造。该构造的电源组件1把盘状连接体7的圆盘部7A焊接连接到圆筒型的二次电池6的正极上。盘状连接体7的圆盘部7A设置焊接在二次电池6的正极上的突出部7a。当盘状连接体7的突出部7a焊接到正极上时，把焊接用电极棒按压到突出部7a的上表面上。为了阻止盘状连接体7和二次电池6的短路，在盘状连接体7与二次电池6之间环形地夹持着绝缘体8。
而且，盘状连接体7是在凸缘部7B的内侧插入二次电池6，把凸缘部7B焊接到作为二次电池6的负极的外装罐6A上。凸缘部7B与圆盘部7A相同，把设置在内表面上的突出部7a焊接在外装罐6A上。此时，凸缘部7B上，焊接用电极棒被按压到突出部7a的外侧上。
串联连接的二次电池，不使用盘状连接体，可以把U形弯曲的引线板的相对表面相互焊接而进行连接(未图示)。该电源组件在使二次电池放电的方向上进行大电流的脉冲通电，来焊接U形弯曲的引线板的相对表面。而且，电源组件在二次电池的+-电极之间夹持着金属板的状态下，在使二次电池放电的方向上进行大电流的脉冲通电处理，而能够把金属板焊接到二次电池的电极上。
而且，也可以在二次电池之间不夹持金属板，直接焊接二次电池的+-电极。该二次电池在作为正极端子的封口板的上部表面设置圆锥状的突起，在相邻的二次电池的负极端子对该突起进行大电流脉冲通电来进行焊接。
多个二次电池6相互串联连接的电源组件1，在二次电池6的正极侧连接正极端子5A，在负极侧连接负极端子5B。
电源组件1的二次电池6是镍氢电池。而且，电源组件1的二次电池6也可以使用镍镉电池和锂离子二次电池等。
电源组件在各个二次电池的表面上固定温度传感器(未图示)。温度传感器是能够检测电池温度的元件。该温度传感器中最好使用电阻随电池温度而变化的(PTC)正温度系数。固定在各个二次电池的表面上的温度传感器通过传感器引线直线状地串联连接，纵向延伸地固定在电源组件的表面上。温度传感器和传感器引线通过覆盖表面的热收缩管等固定在二次电池的表面上。
固定外壳2，如图3所示的那样，是具有两个表面相对的第一表面板2a和第二表面板2b的箱形，在与第一表面板2a和第二表面板2b平行的表面内按多个行列排列配置电源组件1。图中的固定外壳2的内部容纳了两行八列电源组件1。其中，本发明的电源装置可以把配置在固定外壳内部的多个电源组件排列成一行来容纳或者排列成三行以上来容纳(未图示)。把多个电源组件排列成一行来设置的电源装置具有能够有效地冷却各列的电源组件的优点。而且，把多个电源组件排列成三行以上来设置的电源装置具有能够紧凑地容纳多个电源组件的优点。
固定外壳2包括：上下的外壳盖2A和配置在外壳盖2A之间的中间外壳2B。外壳盖2A由整体形成第一表面板2a的第一外壳盖和整体形成第二表面板2b的第二外壳盖所构成。外壳盖2A和中间外壳2B全部由塑料成型，把它们装配起来而成为固定外壳2。
而且，固定外壳2在八列排列容纳的电源组件1之间设有间壁3。间壁3延长到第一表面板2a和第二表面板2b上，把内部划分成多个区划室4。图中所示的固定外壳2，把间壁3分隔成与上下外壳盖2A整体成型的两侧部3A和与中间外壳2B整体成型的中央部3B的三个区域，使其边界没有间隙地相接触。该构造的间壁3成为把两侧部3A连接到第一表面板2a和第二表面板2b上的构造。其中，虽然未图示，但是，可以使间壁全体与外壳盖整体成型，或者，与中间外壳整体成型。全体与中间外壳整体成型的间壁把其两侧边缘延长到与第一表面板和第二表面板的内表面相接触的位置上，与第一表面板和第二表面板紧密连接，以不使空气泄漏。
在各个区划室4中配置电源组件1。图中的固定外壳2是在各个区划室4中容纳了两行电源组件1。为了把电源组件1配置到区划室4的规定位置上，如图6所示的那样，在区划室4的内表面上整体形成突出的保持突出部10。保持突出部10与外壳盖2A同中间外壳2B整体成型而设置，用外壳盖2A和中间外壳2B的保持突出部10来夹持电源组件1，而保持在规定位置上。电源组件1由保持突出部10所保持，以便于能够在与区划室4的内表面之间形成能够使空气通过的间隙。保持突出部10相对于电源组件1横向延长来设置。
为了均匀地冷却配置在各个区划室4中的电源组件1，把间壁3作成使与电源组件1相对的表面3a沿着电源组件1的表面的形状，在电源组件表面1A和间壁3的相对表面3a之间设置一定间隔的送风冷却导管17。图3所示的区划室4是使送风冷却导管17的间隔在电源组件1的全周上大致为一定的。该图的电源装置，把电源组件1和区划室4作成圆柱状，把电源组件1配置在区划室4的中心，设置一定间隔的送风冷却导管17。虽然没有图示，但电源组件也可以是棱柱形的。内置了这样形状的电源组件的电源装置，把电源组件和区划室做成棱柱形，把电源组件配置在区划室的中心，在电源组件的周围设置一定间隔的送风冷却导管。
该构造的电源装置具有能够使流入区划室4的空气高速地在电源组件1的全周上流动来冷却电源组件1的优点。其中，本发明的电源装置能够把区划室的形状做成图7和图8所示的形状。图7的电源装置是在固定外壳72中排列成两行地容纳电源组件71。设置在第一表面板72a侧的第一行的上游区划室74A，使送风冷却导管717的间隔在电源组件71的全周的约二分之一大致为一定的，在其余的约二分之一中变宽而设置空气积存处718。而且，下游区划室74B，使送风冷却导管717的间隔在电源组件71的全周大致为一定的。上游区划室74A在电源组件71的半周上使送风冷却导管717的间隔为一定，在其余的半周上，设置空气积存处718。空气积存处718与送风冷却导管717相比，容积较大，降低了通过它的空气的流速，来调低电源组件71的冷却效果。
而且，图8的电源装置设置旁路819，用于使空气从上游区划室84A的空气积存处流入下游区划室84B。该图的固定外壳82用中央和旁路819两方来联结上游区划室84A和下游区划室84B。旁路819从空气积存处818的两侧部向下游区划室84B接线方向上延长联结。
图7和图8所示形状的电源组件71、84不会使上游区划室74A、84A的电源组件71、81过冷却，同时能够有效地冷却下游区划室74B、84B的电源组件71、81，而具有能够更均匀地冷却容纳在上游区划室74A、84A和下游区划室74B、84B中的电源组件71、81的优点。这是因为：不会使与配置在上游区划室74A、84A中的电源组件71、81的全周相接触的空气高速流动，但使与配置在下游区划室74B、84B中的电源组件71、81的全周相接触的空气高速流动。分流到各个区划室74、84中而流动的空气从上游区划室74A、84A流到下游区划室74B、84B，因此，通过下游区划室74B、84B时的温度变得高于通过上游区划室74A、84A时的温度。这是当通过上游区划室74A、84A时，冷却电源组件71、81来吸收热能所致。使空气以相同的流速通过上游区划室和下游区划室的电源装置将空气的流速设计成使得能够把配置在下游区划室中的电源组件冷却到合适的温度，此时，上游区划室被过冷却。如图所示的那样，当在上游区划室74A、84A的一部分中设置空气积存处718、818来降低沿着电源组件71、81的表面流动的空气的流速时，能够把上游区划室74A、84A的电源组件71、81的冷却效率调整到最佳值上。因此，能够均匀地冷却容纳在上游区划室74A、84A和下游区划室74B、84B中的电源组件71、81。而且，在图7和图8中，72A、82A表示外壳盖，72B、82B表示中间外壳，73A、83A表示两侧部，73B、83B表示中央部。而且，在图8中，817表示送风冷却导管。
而且，电源装置可以为图9所示的构造。该电源装置是在固定外壳92中排列成两行地容纳电源组件91。而且，在设置在第一表面板92a侧的第一行的上游区划室94A中设置多个空气积存处918。上游区划室94A，使送风冷却导管917的间隔宽于配置在第二表面板92b侧的第二行的下游区划室94B的送风冷却导管917的间隔，来设置空气积存处918。下游区划室94B，使送风冷却导管917的间隔在电源组件91的几乎全周上大致为一定的。上游区划室94A，可以在电源组件91的几乎全周上，宽于送风冷却导管917的间隔来设置空气积存处918。
如图所示的上游区划室94A，把全体的断面形状做成方形，在其中心配置电源组件91。作为方形的上游区划室94A，展宽位于四角的各个拐角部，而形成为空气积存处918。其中，上游区划室可以使拐角部形成为弯曲的方形。而且，上游区划室94A缩窄了处于上游侧和下游侧之间的送风冷却导管917的间隔，而等于下游区划室94B的送风冷却导管917的间隔。该电源装置具有能够等间隔地配置排列成两行的多个电源组件91的优点。以上构造的电源装置能够使设在上游区划室94A中的空气积存处918成为上下左右成对的形状，同时，能够进一步增大容积，因此，能够更适当地调整通过各个区划室94的空气的流速。而且，在图9中，92A表示外壳盖，92B表示中间外壳，93A表示两侧部，93B表示中央部。
固定外壳2使分流的冷却空气通过各个区划室4。为了实现该目的，贯通第一表面板2a，开出分流各个区划室4而使空气流入的流入口13，贯通第二表面板2b，开出把各个区划室4的空气排出到外部的排气口14。
图3和图7至图9的固定外壳2、72、82、92，位于区划室4、74、84、94的中央部分，在第一表面板2a、72a、82a、92a上开出狭缝状的空气流入口13、713、813、913，在第二表面板2b、72b、82b、92b上开出狭缝状的排气口14、714、814、914。狭缝状的流入口13、713、813、913和排气口14、714、814、914在电源组件1、71、81、91的纵向上延长而开口。该形状的固定外壳2、72、82、92沿着电源组件1、71、81、91的表面，使冷却空气快速流动，而具有能够有效地进行冷却的优点。
图3的电源装置是在第一表面板2a的表面上设置空气的流入导管15。流入导管15被联结到风扇9上，风扇9向流入导管15强制性地提供冷却空气。流入导管15的冷却空气被分流到各个流入口13中，而流入各个区划室4。图示的电源装置使在第一表面板2a上开口的多个流入口13的开口面积相等。其中，虽然未图示，但电源装置为了使冷却空气均匀地通过全部区划室，可以使流入导管的上游侧的流入口小于下游侧的流入口。该电源装置，在流入导管的上游侧，从风扇所提供的冷却空气的压力较高，因此，从较小的流入口能够提供大量的空气。在流入导管的下游侧，冷却空气的压力较低，因此，扩大流入口就能增多提供给区划室的空气量。因此，该构造的装置能够均匀地给全部区划室提供冷却空气。
电源装置，如图3的点划线所示的那样，在第二表面板2b的表面上设置空气的排出导管16，可以在该排出导管16上联结风扇9。风扇9强制性地吸引并排出导管16的冷却空气。排出导管16一起排出从各个区划室4所排出的空气。如图所示的电源装置使在第二表面板2b上所开口的多个排气口14的开口面积相等。其中，虽然未图示，但电源装置为了使冷却空气均匀地通过各区划室，可以使排出导管的上游侧的排出口大于下游侧的排出口。该电源装置，在排出导管的下游侧，用风扇有效地吸引冷却空气，因此，从较小的排出口排出大量的空气。因此，该构造的装置能够均匀地给全部区划室提供冷却空气。
特别是，电源装置可以使与排出导管的下游侧的流入口相对的排出口小于与上游侧的流入口相对的排出口。该电源装置使流入口从上游侧向下游侧逐渐增多，使排出口从上游侧向下游侧逐渐变小。该电源装置可以使从较窄的排出口所排出的空气的流速快于从宽的排出口所流入的空气。因此，能够有效地冷却处于远离风扇的位置的电源组件。
而且，电源装置，如图7至图9所示的那样，在第一表面板72a、82a、92a的表面上设置空气的流入导管715、815、915，在第二表面板72b、82b、92b的表面上设置空气的排出导管716、816、916。这些电源装置可以在流入导管715、815、915和排出导管716、816、916的一方或者两方上联结风扇，强制空气流动。这样，具有流入导管715、815、915和排出导管716、816、916的电源装置能够确定空气的流入位置和排出位置。
以上的电源装置，在图中在上下方向上相对地设置两行多个电源组件1、71、81、91，但是，本发明的电源装置可以分段地设置在排列成各行而设的多个电源组件的相邻行中所排列的电源组件。图10所示的那样电源装置，在图中，把上下两行排列的电源组件101的位置左右错开而分段地设置。特别是，该图所示的电源装置，分段地设置各行的电源组件101，以使从流入口1013向排气口1014流动的空气的流动方向相对于垂直于第一表面板102a和第二表面板102b的方向倾斜。因此，能够使从流入口1015所提供的空气快速地流入流入口1013，而在上游区划室104A中流动，同时，具有能够把通过下游区划室104B的空气平滑地从排气口1014排出到排出导管1016中的优点。而且，在该图中，102表示固定外壳，102A表示外壳盖，102B表示中间外壳，104表示区划室，1017表示送风冷却导管。
虽然本发明的优选实施例已经进行了表示和说明，但是，应当知道，本领域的技术人员可以在不背离本发明的精神的条件下进行变化和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求书限定。

Claims (23)

1.一种电源装置，包括：
a.多个电源组件；
b.固定外壳，在其内部多列平行地排列容纳该电源组件(1)，并且，用流过内部的空气来冷却电源组件(1)；
c.风扇，通过强制地供给或者吸取来给固定外壳(2)进行送风，其中，
d.固定外壳(2)是具有两个表面相对的第一表面板(2a)和第二表面板(2b)的箱形，沿着第一表面板(2a)和第二表面板(2b)的表面以多列横向地排列设置多个电源组件(1)，
e.固定外壳(2)在横向排列容纳的多列电源组件(1)之间即在第一表面板(2a)与第二表面板(2b)之间设置间壁(3)，把内部划分为多列的区划室(4)，在各列的区划室(4)中设置电源组件(1)；
f.间壁(3)把与电源组件(1)相对的表面(3a)做成沿着电源组件的表面的形状，在电源组件表面(1A)与间壁(3)的相对表面之间设置一定间隔的送风冷却导管(17)，通过该送风冷却导管(17)使给区划室(4)送风的空气沿着电源组件(1)的表面流动；
g.而且，固定外壳(2)，贯通第一表面板(2a)，而开出使空气向多列的区划室(4)的送风冷却导管(17)分流而流入的流入口(13)，并且，贯通第二表面板(2b)，开出把通过多列的区划室(4)的送风冷却导管(17)的空气排出到外部的排气口(14)；
h.通过风扇(9)来使空气从第一表面板(2a)的流入口(13)向多列的区划室(4)分流而流入，使空气通过送风冷却导管(17)来冷却电源组件(1)，从第二表面板(2b)的排出口(14)排出冷却的空气，来冷却容纳在多列区划室(4)中的电源组件(1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，电源组件是直线状地连接的多个二次电池。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，电源组件是直线状地连接的超级电容器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，固定外壳包括上下的外壳盖(2A)和设置在外壳盖(2A)之间的中间外壳(2B)，外壳盖(2A)包括：整体形成第一表面板(2a)的第一外壳盖和整体形成第二表面板(2b)的第二外壳盖。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，间壁(3)在与电源组件(1)的相对表面(3a)上突出设置保持突出部(10)，该保持突出部(10)的顶端接触到电源组件(1)的表面上，把电源组件(10)保持在区划室(4)内。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，保持突出部(10)相对于电源组件(1)沿横向延长设置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，送风冷却导管(17)的间隔在电源组件(1)的全周上大致一定。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，电源组件(1)和区划室(4)为圆柱状，把电源组件(1)配置在区划室(4)的中心，设置一定间隔的送风冷却导管(17)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，把多个电源组件(1)以多行和多列进行平行排列而容纳在固定外壳(2)中。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，在固定外壳(2)中以两行排列来容纳多个电源组件，在设置在第一表面板侧(2a)的第一行的上游区划室(4A)中设置至少一个空气积存处(718，818，918)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电源装置，其特征在于，下游区划室(4B)使送风冷却导管(17)的间隔在电源组件(1)的大致全周上为一定，上游区划室(4A)设置使送风冷却导管(17)的间隔宽于下游区划室(4B)的送风冷却导管(17)的间隔的至少一个空气积存处(718，818，918)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电源装置，其特征在于，使上游区划室(4A)的送风冷却导管(17)的间隔在电源组件(1)的全周的二分之一上大致一定，其余的二分之一变宽而设置空气积存处(718，818，918)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的电源装置，其特征在于，把空气积存处(718，818，918)设在上游区划室(4A)的下游侧。
14.根据权利要求11所述的电源装置，其特征在于，上游区划室(4A)在电源组件(1)的几乎全周上设置多个空气积存处(718，818，918)。
15.根据权利要求10所述的电源装置，其特征在于，上游区划室(4A)的断面形状为方形，在四角的拐角处设置空气积存处(718，818，918)。
16.根据权利要求10所述的电源装置，其特征在于，使处于上游区划室(4A)的上游侧和下游侧之间的送风冷却导管(17)的间隔等于下游区划室(4B)的送风冷却导管(17)的间隔。
17.根据权利要求10所述的电源装置，其特征在于，在固定外壳(2)中以两行排列来容纳多个电源组件(1)，设置旁路(19)，用于使空气从设置在第一表面板侧(2a)的第一行的上游区划室(4A)流入配置在第二表面板侧(2b)的第二行的下游区划室(4B)。
18.根据权利要求17所述的电源装置，其特征在于，旁路(19)从空气积存处(718，818，918)的两侧部沿下游区划室(4B)的接线方向延长而连接。
19.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，在固定外壳(2)中以多行排列来容纳多个电源组件(1)，在相邻行中分段地排列多个电源组件(1)。
20.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，固定外壳(2)在区划室(4)的中央部分，在第一表面板(2a)开设狭缝状的空气的流入口(13)，在第二表面板(2b)上开设狭缝状的排气口(14)。
21.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，在第一表面板(2a)的表面上设置空气的流入导管(15)，该流入导管(15)与风扇(9)相联结，流入导管(15)的冷却空气被分流到各个流入口(13)中，而流入到各个区划室(4)中。
22.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，在第二表面板(2b)的表面上设置空气的排出导管(16)，该排出导管(16)与风扇(9)相联结，风扇(9)强制性地吸取排出导管(16)的冷却空气，把从各个区划室(4)所排出的空气一起进行排出。
23.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其特征在于，在第一表面板(2a)的表面上设置空气的流入导管(15)，在第二表面板(2b)的表面上设置空气的排出导管(16)，流入导管(15)和排出导管(16)的一方或者两方与风扇(9)相联结，而强制空气流动。
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