CN118044428A - Planting method for adaptive Liupu tea trees - Google Patents
Planting method for adaptive Liupu tea trees Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method for a suitable Liupu tea tree, which comprises the following steps: (1) tea garden selection and reclamation; (2) tea seedling mixed planting: mixing seeds of the adaptive Liupu tea tree with similar growth period and morphological characteristics on the ladder surface, and alternately planting 2 or more clones in each row to obtain the adaptive Liupu tea tree improved seeds; the planting specification adopts double-row double-plant planting, the large row spacing is 1.5-1.8 m, the small row spacing is 55-60 cm, and the cluster spacing is 30-33 cm; (3) interplanting green manure: and interplanting desmodium styracifolium and magnolia on the ladder wall, interplanting desmodium styracifolium and soybeans on the inner side of the ladder surface, and interplanting perilla in the large row spacing. The adoption of mixed seeds is beneficial to leading the raw materials to have larger diversity when picking, enriching the taste of the Liupu tea product and improving the quality thereof; through interplanting green manure, prevent and treat soil erosion and water loss, prevent and control young tea garden weeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree cultivation, in particular to a planting method for a suitable Liupu tea tree.
Background
Liupu tea belongs to black tea. The tea has dark brown and bright color, mellow and refreshing taste, slightly sweet and smooth taste, mellow and old fragrance, betel nut fragrance, reddish brown leaf bottom, long-term preservation resistance and better ageing. Liupu tea belongs to warm tea, and has the effects of relieving summer heat, eliminating dampness, improving eyesight, clearing heart fire and helping digestion besides the common health care function of other teas.
The tea gardens of Liupu tea are generally distributed on hillside fields with the altitude of 800-1800 m, the mountain hillside fields are planted in a terrace mode, only a single tea tree variety is planted in the tea gardens, the terrace walls of the tea gardens are periodically subjected to weeding, the problems of water and soil loss in the tea garden areas, ecological environment deterioration of the tea garden and the like are easily caused, and the single tea plant planting can further cause the diseases and insect pests of the tea garden to be easily outbreak, so that the quality of tea leaves is reduced, and the development of the tea industry is seriously hindered. In view of the above, the invention provides a planting method suitable for Liupu tea trees.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the tea garden of Liupu tea has serious water and soil loss, the young tea garden has frequent weeding and the quality of Liupu tea prepared by the improved variety of Liupu tea clone tea tree is single. The invention aims to provide a planting method suitable for Liupu tea trees.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a planting method for a suitable Liupu tea tree comprises the following steps:
(1) Tea garden selection and reclamation: the cultivation is carried out on the selected tea garden land, and the tea garden land with the ladder face width of 3-3.5 meters and the ladder wall height of 1-1.5 meters is cultivated;
(2) Tea seedling mixed planting: mixing seeds of the adaptive Liupu tea tree with similar growth period and morphological characteristics on the ladder surface, and alternately planting 2 or more clones in each row to obtain the adaptive Liupu tea tree improved seeds; the planting specification adopts double-row double-plant planting, the large row spacing is 1.5-1.8 m, the small row spacing is 55-60 cm, and the cluster spacing is 30-33 cm;
(3) Interplanting green manure: and interplanting desmodium styracifolium and magnolia on the ladder wall, interplanting desmodium styracifolium and soybeans on the inner side of the ladder surface, and interplanting perilla in the large row spacing. Wherein, the inner side of the ladder surface is the side of the ladder surface close to the upper layer of ladder wall.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
First point: planting 'herba Desmodii Styracifolii + spreading magnolia on the ladder wall'. Wherein desmodium styracifolium is a common bulk Chinese medicinal material in Guangxi and Guangdong, has great market demand and is a variety focused by merchants and manufacturers. The desmodium styracifolium cultivated artificially can be harvested 2 times each year, the first time is from the last ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months, and the second time is 9 months, so that the desmodium styracifolium is an agricultural production project with small investment and quick response. The laid-land wood basket is an excellent dry land green manure variety, is high-temperature resistant, drought-resistant, lean-resistant, acid-resistant and shade-resistant, has no strict requirement on soil, and can be used for covering crops, slope protection plants and ornamental plants. Herba Desmodii Styracifolii as effective pharmaceutical raw material for urinary system diseases has wide development prospect in medicine market, and stem and leaf can be used as fertilizer and feed. By combining the cultivation condition of tea trees, the cultivation mode of interplanting 'desmodium styracifolium and magnolia with soil spread' is adopted on the inner side of the ladder surface and the ladder wall, so that the surface of the tea garden can be effectively covered, microclimate of the tea garden is improved, water and soil loss is reduced, the ladder wall is protected, the soil enzyme activity is improved, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, the soil fertility of the tea garden is improved, the yield and quality of fresh tea leaves are improved, and the quality of tea leaves is improved.
Second point: green manure is interplanted on the inner side of the trapezoid surface, the green manure variety is desmodium styracifolium and soybean, the desmodium styracifolium and soybean are mixed, holes are dug and sown at intervals of 50-60 cm, and the artificial tea garden community vertical structure tea garden accords with a planting structure (a staggered three-dimensional green manure planting mode). The coverage rate of young tea gardens can be increased by interplanting green manure, water and soil loss of tea gardens is obviously reduced, cultivation is reduced, labor and cost are saved, the green manure belongs to cash crops, income of tea farmers is increased, nitrogen fixation is performed, and ecological environment of tea gardens is optimized.
Third point: and interplanting perilla among young tea garden rows. Perillae herba is annual plant of Labiatae, has effects of dispelling exterior cold, inducing sweat, and can be used for treating exterior syndrome due to wind-cold, aversion to cold, fever, and perspiration, and also can be used for treating spleen and stomach qi stagnation, chest distress, and vomiting, etc., and is a spice plant and Chinese medicinal material. Therefore, purple perilla is planted in the young tea garden in a matched mode, firstly, income of tea farmers can be increased, secondly, coverage rate of the young tea garden is increased, thirdly, water and soil loss of the tea garden is remarkably reduced, fourthly, cultivation is reduced, and labor and cost are saved. The planting method comprises the following steps: and sowing perilla seeds among the cultivated tea rows in spring with sufficient rainwater.
Fourth point: is suitable for the clone fine variety mixing mode of Liupu tea trees. In order to facilitate picking or mechanical picking, fine varieties of the Liupu tea trees are mixed in a suitable mode with similar morphological characteristics in the growth period. The mixing is favorable for leading the raw materials to have larger diversity when picking, enriching the taste of the Liupu tea product and improving the quality of the Liupu tea product. The quality of the mixed seed product is usually not lower than the average level of the quality of the mixed seed component product, and sometimes better than the quality of the best mixed seed component product, that is, the quality of the mixed seed product can be improved. And the improved tea tree seed mixing operation is simple and flexible, and no production cost and additional labor force are required to be increased. The specific operation is as follows: and (3) adopting a double-row double-plant planting mode, planting an improved variety in each row, and planting a variety alternately and circularly. The number of improved varieties per land can be determined according to actual needs.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the adoption of mixed seeds is favorable for leading the raw materials to have larger diversity during picking, enriching the taste of the Liupu tea product, the quality of the mixed seeds is usually not lower than the average level of the quality of the mixed seed component products, and sometimes, the quality of the mixed seeds is better than the quality of the highest-quality mixed seed component products, and the quality of the mixed seeds is improved. The improved variety mixing of the clone tea trees accords with the quality characteristics of Liupu tea, and the operation is simple and flexible, and does not need to increase any production cost and extra labor force. In order to prevent water and soil loss, the ladder wall of the tea garden is interplanted with a new mode: the exposed area of the ladder wall of the mountain tea garden, especially the mechanically reclaimed tea garden, is larger, and the water retention and soil fixation of the big tree left after reclamation is reduced, so that the water, soil and water flow of the ladder wall are serious, and the production capacity of the tea garden is seriously affected; therefore, the invention performs the purpose of interplanting green manure on the inner sides of the ladder wall and the ladder surface to protect the ladder wall; interplanting green manure on the inner side of the trapezoid surface, wherein the green manure is desmodium styracifolium and soybean, and the desmodium styracifolium and soybean are mixed and sown to form a tea garden with an artificial tea garden community vertical structure, wherein the tea garden accords with a planting structure, namely a staggered three-dimensional green manure planting mode; and interplanting perilla green manure to prevent and control weeds in young tea gardens.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, in the step (1), a sloping field or a mountain field with the gradient less than or equal to 25 degrees is selected, the annual average temperature is 18-23 ℃, the annual rainfall is 1400-1800 mm, the soil thickness is more than 60 cm, and the pH value is red loam, red loam or yellow loam with the pH value of 4.5-6.5.
Further, the fine variety of the Liupu tea tree suitable for the preparation in the step (2) is Guihong No. 3 and Gui Gong No. 4.
Further, the concrete method for interplanting desmodium styracifolium and magnolia on the ladder wall comprises the following steps: sowing the desmodium styracifolium on the ladder wall in 3-4 months, wherein the sowing quality of each mu (666.7 m 2) is 150-160g, and the row spacing is 30-40cm;
Simultaneously, digging holes among the rows of desmodium styracifolium, wherein the depth of each hole is 8-10cm, arranging magnolia land by means of cutting, and planting the magnolia land at a planting distance of 25-30cm, wherein the planting specification adopts single-row double-plant planting; when the plant is planted, the plant is held by the left hand, fine soil is filled back into the hole by the right hand, then the hole is compacted, and the water is fully poured after the planting.
Further, the concrete method for interplanting desmodium styracifolium and soybeans on the inner side of the trapezoid surface comprises the following steps: planting desmodium styracifolium and soybean alternately in a ditch at the inner side of the ladder surface in 3-4 months; sowing desmodium styracifolium in a ladder plane, wherein the sowing quality per mu is 150-160g, and the row spacing is 30-40cm;
Sowing soybeans at the same time, wherein the cluster distance is 40-50cm, and 2-3 soybean seeds are sown in each cluster; covering fine soil for 3-4cm, covering rice straw or other grass plants, and watering thoroughly; and uncovering the covering after the seedlings are completely planted.
Further, the desmodium styracifolium is subjected to the following treatment before sowing seeds: mixing herba Lysimachiae Christinae seeds with 2-3 times of river sand, grinding to remove wax on the outer layer of the seeds, soaking the seeds in 40-45deg.C warm water for 18-24 hr, taking out, and air drying;
the following treatment is carried out before the planting of the magnolia land: cutting 15-20cm long branches of the magnolia branch for standby.
Further, the desmodium styracifolium seeds are sown with the following treatments: digging a ditch with the depth of 8-10cm on the inner side of the ladder wall or the ladder surface, mixing the desmodium styracifolium seeds with fine soil or river sand according to the mass ratio of 1:1, uniformly scattering the mixture into the ditch, covering the ditch with the fine soil for 3-4cm after sowing, covering rice straws or other grass plants, and watering fully; and uncovering the covering after the seedlings are completely planted.
Further, the specific method for interplanting perilla between the large row spacing comprises the following steps: loosening soil in 3-4 months in the large row spacing of the mixed planting of tea seedlings, leveling the rice cake, sowing the purple perilla, sowing 1.8-2.0kg per mu, then shallow hoeing with a hoe to cover the purple perilla seeds with soil, and covering with straw or other covers, wherein the covering thickness is 2-4cm.
The invention does not ditching to plant the purple perilla, but adopts the hoe to gently hoe in the field where the seeds are sown, has simple operation and saves labor cost. When the perilla seeds germinate. When the height reaches 0.5cm, the straw or other cover is uncovered.
Further, the following treatment is carried out before sowing the perilla seeds: soaking the perilla seeds in warm water of 40-45 ℃ for 8-10 hours at night before sowing, fishing out and airing; the purple perilla seed is subjected to the following treatment during sowing: uniformly stirring the perilla seeds and fine soil or river sand according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and uniformly broadcasting.
Further, the planting method of the suitable Liupu tea trees also comprises tea garden management; the tea garden management comprises water management, soil management, fertilization management, tea garden pruning management and disease, pest and grass pest control.
Through the management of the tea garden, the invention can improve the transplanting survival rate of the tea seedlings in the young tea garden, improve the ecological environment of the tea garden, realize the rapid garden forming of the mountain tea garden, improve the tea yield, improve the tea quality and improve the economic benefit. Effectively covers the surface of the tea garden, improves microclimate of the tea garden in micro-areas, reduces water and soil loss, protects the ladder wall, can also improve the enzymatic activity of soil, improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improves the soil fertility of the tea garden, and saves labor and cost. Thereby improving the yield and quality of fresh tea leaves, improving the quality of tea leaves and increasing income of tea farmers. The specific measures are as follows:
(1) Moisture management
The water is sprayed once a week in one month of field planting, irrigation is carried out according to weather and soil moisture conditions, and sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation is adopted in a conditional tea garden. The flood disaster of the tea garden on the flat land needs to be removed in time.
(2) Soil management
The tea garden is subjected to weeding and soil loosening, weeds are removed, and water and fertilizer are prevented from competing with tea trees. The terraced fields should dig the storage trench deep inside the terraced faceTrench width/>Ditch/>Deep conservation of water and soil and no loss of water and soil are ensured.
(3) Tea garden fertilizer (topdressing)
(3-1) Young tea garden
Fertilization principle: the base fertilizer is taken as a main material, and the base fertilizer and the topdressing are combined, so that the spot application and the multiple application are realized.
Topdressing: after 45d under the tea seeds, every other timeApplying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15)/>, every 667m2 in one month
(3-2) Adult tea garden
Fertilization principle: the fertilizer is mainly applied, the fertilizer is assisted, and the winter fertilizer is mainly applied, and the winter fertilizer is combined with spring germination accelerating fertilizer and summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer.
Base fertilizer: preferably before 12 months. Vertically opening the tea tree crown between rowsIs applied as rapeseed cake (or peanut bran) per 667m 2/>Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15)/>Mixing, applying to ditch, covering soil, and applying nitrogen fertilizer according to growth condition of tea tree.
Topdressing: 30-40kg of urea and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are applied every 667m 2 in the last 2 months, the last 5 months and the last 7 months each year
(4) Tea garden pruning
(4-1) Shaping and trimming young tea garden
After the spring tea is finished after the branch is pressed, performing first shaping and trimming when the branch tip is mature, and leaving the ground Trimming at the position. The second round of pruning is carried out when the autumn tea is finished, and the/> -is improved on the original pruning wound The third year of pruning can be performed according to the age of the tea garden.
(4-2) Pruning the mature tea garden
① Light pruning
The adult tea garden is trimmed once every year, and each trimming is improved on the basis of trimming in the last year The trimming mode adopts flat shears or arc shears, and the arc shears are the main mode.
② Deep trimming
When the tea tree crown chicken feet and the thin and weak branches are more, the bud head density is small, and the yield is reduced, deep pruning is adopted, and the pruning depth is lower than 15 cm-20 cm of the last year pruning wound.
③ Heavy pruning and swathing
The heavy pruning is suitable for aged tea gardens with the age of more than 20 years, and the depth is preferably 1/2-1/3 of the original height. The aged tea garden for more than 30 years adopts a table, the height is 15cm away from the ground of tea tree branches, and the tea garden should be carried out at the end of 4 months after the spring tea is finished.
(5) Prevention and control of diseases, insects and grass
The method has the following main aspects of 'prevention and comprehensive control', and adopts measures of combining agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of interplanting perilla in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of interplanting soybeans in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an improved variety mixing mode of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with examples given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The specific techniques or conditions are not identified in the examples and are described in the literature in this field or are carried out in accordance with the product specifications. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available through regular channels, with no manufacturer noted.
Examples
1. Planting method for adaptive Liupu tea trees
The embodiment provides a planting method (shown in fig. 1-3) suitable for making Liupu tea trees, comprising the following steps:
(1) Tea garden selection and reclamation: the cultivation is carried out on the selected tea garden land, and the tea garden land with the ladder face width of 3-3.5 meters and the ladder wall height of 1-1.5 meters is cultivated;
In the embodiment, in the step (1), the tea garden land is selected from a sloping field or a mountain field with a gradient less than or equal to 25 degrees, the annual average temperature is 18-23 ℃, the annual rainfall is 1400-1800 mm, the soil thickness is more than 60 cm, and the pH value is red loam, red loam or yellow loam with a pH value of 4.5-6.5.
(2) Tea seedling mixed planting: mixing seeds of the adaptive Liupu tea tree with similar growth period and morphological characteristics on the ladder surface, and alternately planting 2 or more clones in each row to obtain the adaptive Liupu tea tree improved seeds; the planting specification adopts double-row double-plant planting, the large row spacing is 1.5-1.8 m, the small row spacing is 55-60 cm, and the cluster spacing is 30-33 cm;
in this embodiment, the fine variety of the Liupu tea tree in the step (2) is Guihong No. 3 and Gui Gong No. 4.
(3) Interplanting green manure: and interplanting desmodium styracifolium and magnolia on the ladder wall, interplanting desmodium styracifolium and soybeans on the inner side of the ladder surface, and interplanting perilla in the large row spacing. Wherein the inner side refers to the side of the tread near the upper tread wall.
The specific method for interplanting desmodium styracifolium and magnolia falcata on the ladder wall comprises the following steps: sowing the desmodium styracifolium on the ladder wall in 3-4 months, wherein the sowing quality of each mu (666.7 m 2) is 150-160g, and the row spacing is 30-40cm; simultaneously, digging holes among the rows of desmodium styracifolium, wherein the depth of each hole is 8-10cm, arranging magnolia land by means of cutting, and planting the magnolia land at a planting distance of 25-30cm, wherein the planting specification adopts single-row double-plant planting; when the plant is planted, the plant is held by the left hand, fine soil is filled back into the hole by the right hand, then the hole is compacted, and the water is fully poured after the planting.
The specific method for interplanting desmodium styracifolium and soybeans on the inner side of the trapezoid surface in the embodiment comprises the following steps: planting desmodium styracifolium and soybean alternately in a ditch at the inner side of the ladder surface in 3-4 months; sowing desmodium styracifolium in a ladder plane, wherein the sowing quality per mu is 150-160g, and the row spacing is 30-40cm; sowing soybeans at the same time, wherein the cluster distance is 40-50cm, and 2-3 soybean seeds are sown in each cluster; covering fine soil for 3-4cm, covering rice straw or other grass plants, and watering thoroughly; and uncovering the covering after the seedlings are completely planted.
In this embodiment, the following treatments are performed before sowing the desmodium styracifolium seeds: mixing herba Lysimachiae Christinae seeds with 2-3 times of river sand, grinding to remove wax on the outer layer of the seeds, soaking the seeds in 40-45deg.C warm water for 18-24 hr, taking out, and air drying;
the following treatment is carried out before the planting of the magnolia land: cutting 15-20cm long branches of the magnolia branch for standby.
In the embodiment, the following treatments are performed during sowing of the desmodium styracifolium seeds: digging a ditch with the depth of 8-10cm on the inner side of the ladder wall or the ladder surface, mixing the desmodium styracifolium seeds with fine soil or river sand according to the mass ratio of 1:1, uniformly scattering the mixture into the ditch, covering the ditch with the fine soil for 3-4cm after sowing, covering rice straws or other grass plants, and watering fully; and uncovering the covering after the seedlings are completely planted.
The specific method for interplanting perilla between the large row spacing in the embodiment is as follows: loosening soil in 3-4 months in the large row spacing of the mixed planting of tea seedlings, leveling the rice cake, sowing the purple perilla, sowing 1.8-2.0kg per mu, then shallow hoeing with a hoe to cover the purple perilla seeds with soil, and covering with straw or other covers, wherein the covering thickness is 2-4cm. The following treatment is carried out before sowing of the perilla seeds: soaking the perilla seeds in warm water of 40-45 ℃ for 8-10 hours at night before sowing, fishing out and airing; the purple perilla seed is subjected to the following treatment during sowing: uniformly stirring the perilla seeds and fine soil or river sand according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and uniformly broadcasting.
The invention adopts the mode and has the following advantages:
First point: planting 'herba Desmodii Styracifolii + spreading magnolia on the ladder wall'. The desmodium styracifolium cultivated artificially can be harvested 2 times each year, the first time is from the last ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months, and the second time is 9 months, so that the desmodium styracifolium is an agricultural production project with small investment and quick response. The laid-land wood basket is an excellent dry land green manure variety, is high-temperature resistant, drought-resistant, lean-resistant, acid-resistant and shade-resistant, has no strict requirement on soil, and can be used for covering crops, slope protection plants and ornamental plants. Herba Desmodii Styracifolii as effective pharmaceutical raw material for urinary system diseases has wide development prospect in medicine market, and stem and leaf can be used as fertilizer and feed. By combining the cultivation condition of tea trees, the cultivation mode of interplanting 'desmodium styracifolium and magnolia with soil spread' is adopted on the inner side of the ladder surface and the ladder wall, so that the surface of the tea garden can be effectively covered, microclimate of the tea garden is improved, water and soil loss is reduced, the ladder wall is protected, the soil enzyme activity is improved, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, the soil fertility of the tea garden is improved, the yield and quality of fresh tea leaves are improved, and the quality of tea leaves is improved.
Second point: green manure is interplanted on the inner side of the trapezoid surface, the green manure variety is desmodium styracifolium and soybean, the desmodium styracifolium and soybean are mixed, holes are dug and sown at intervals of 50-60 cm, and the artificial tea garden community vertical structure tea garden accords with a planting structure (a staggered three-dimensional green manure planting mode). The coverage rate of young tea gardens can be increased by interplanting green manure, water and soil loss of tea gardens is obviously reduced, cultivation is reduced, labor and cost are saved, the green manure belongs to cash crops, income of tea farmers is increased, nitrogen fixation is performed, and ecological environment of tea gardens is optimized.
Third point: and interplanting perilla among young tea garden rows. Perillae herba is annual plant of Labiatae, has effects of dispelling exterior cold, inducing sweat, and can be used for treating exterior syndrome due to wind-cold, aversion to cold, fever, and perspiration, and also can be used for treating spleen and stomach qi stagnation, chest distress, and vomiting, etc., and is a spice plant and Chinese medicinal material. Therefore, purple perilla is planted in the young tea garden in a matched mode, firstly, income of tea farmers can be increased, secondly, coverage rate of the young tea garden is increased, thirdly, water and soil loss of the tea garden is remarkably reduced, fourthly, cultivation is reduced, and labor and cost are saved. The planting method comprises the following steps: and sowing perilla seeds among the cultivated tea rows in spring with sufficient rainwater.
Fourth point: is suitable for the clone fine variety mixing mode of Liupu tea trees. In order to facilitate picking or mechanical picking, fine varieties of the Liupu tea trees are mixed in a suitable mode with similar morphological characteristics in the growth period. The mixing is favorable for leading the raw materials to have larger diversity when picking, enriching the taste of the Liupu tea product and improving the quality of the Liupu tea product. The quality of the mixed seed product is usually not lower than the average level of the quality of the mixed seed component product, and sometimes better than the quality of the best mixed seed component product, that is, the quality of the mixed seed product can be improved. And the improved tea tree seed mixing operation is simple and flexible, and no production cost and additional labor force are required to be increased. The specific operation is as follows: and (3) adopting a double-row double-plant planting mode, planting an improved variety in each row, and planting a variety alternately and circularly. The number of improved varieties per land can be determined according to actual needs.
In particular, the planting method for the Liupu tea trees comprises tea garden management; the tea garden management comprises water management, soil management, fertilization management, tea garden pruning management and disease, pest and grass pest control.
Through the management of the tea garden, the invention can improve the transplanting survival rate of the tea seedlings in the young tea garden, improve the ecological environment of the tea garden, realize the rapid garden forming of the mountain tea garden, improve the tea yield, improve the tea quality and improve the economic benefit. Effectively covers the surface of the tea garden, improves microclimate of the tea garden in micro-areas, reduces water and soil loss, protects the ladder wall, can also improve the enzymatic activity of soil, improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improves the soil fertility of the tea garden, and saves labor and cost. Thereby improving the yield and quality of fresh tea leaves, improving the quality of tea leaves and increasing income of tea farmers. The specific measures are as follows:
(1) Moisture management
The water is sprayed once a week in one month of field planting, irrigation is carried out according to weather and soil moisture conditions, and sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation is adopted in a conditional tea garden. The flood disaster of the tea garden on the flat land needs to be removed in time.
(2) Soil management
The tea garden is subjected to weeding and soil loosening, weeds are removed, and water and fertilizer are prevented from competing with tea trees. The terraced fields should dig the storage trench deep inside the terraced faceTrench width/>Ditch/>Deep conservation of water and soil and no loss of water and soil are ensured.
(3) Tea garden fertilizer (topdressing)
(3-1) Young tea garden
Fertilization principle: the base fertilizer is taken as a main material, and the base fertilizer and the topdressing are combined, so that the spot application and the multiple application are realized.
Topdressing: after 45d under the tea seeds, every other timeApplying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15)/>, every 667m2 in one month
(3-2) Adult tea garden
Fertilization principle: the fertilizer is mainly applied, the fertilizer is assisted, and the winter fertilizer is mainly applied, and the winter fertilizer is combined with spring germination accelerating fertilizer and summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer.
Base fertilizer: preferably before 12 months. Vertically opening the tea tree crown between rowsIs applied as rapeseed cake (or peanut bran) per 667m 2/>Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15)/>Mixing, applying to ditch, covering soil, and applying nitrogen fertilizer according to growth condition of tea tree.
Topdressing: 30-40kg of urea and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are applied every 667m 2 in the last 2 months, the last 5 months and the last 7 months each year
(4) Tea garden pruning
(4-1) Shaping and trimming young tea garden
After the spring tea is finished after the branch is pressed, performing first shaping and trimming when the branch tip is mature, and leaving the ground Trimming at the position. The second round of pruning is carried out when the autumn tea is finished, and the/> -is improved on the original pruning wound The third year of pruning can be performed according to the age of the tea garden.
(4-2) Pruning the mature tea garden
① Light pruning
The adult tea garden is trimmed once every year, and each trimming is improved on the basis of trimming in the last year The trimming mode adopts flat shears or arc shears, and the arc shears are the main mode.
② Deep trimming
When the tea tree crown chicken feet and the thin and weak branches are more, the bud head density is small, and the yield is reduced, deep pruning is adopted, and the pruning depth is lower than 15 cm-20 cm of the last year pruning wound.
③ Heavy pruning and swathing
The heavy pruning is suitable for aged tea gardens with the age of more than 20 years, and the depth is preferably 1/2-1/3 of the original height. The aged tea garden for more than 30 years adopts a table, the height is 15cm away from the ground of tea tree branches, and the tea garden should be carried out at the end of 4 months after the spring tea is finished.
(5) Prevention and control of diseases, insects and grass
The method has the following main aspects of 'prevention and comprehensive control', and adopts measures of combining agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control.
2. Liupu tea tree fine variety combination prepared by using Guihong No. 3 and Gui Gong No. 4
The Liupu tea fine variety combination is prepared by tea fine variety Guihong No. 3 and Gui Gong No. 4. Sensory quality results of the Liupu tea raw tea and Liupu tea prepared by the various varieties singly or in a mixed mode are shown in tables 1 and 2. As can be seen from the table, the total sensory quality score of Liupu tea and Liupu tea prepared by mixing and picking No. Gui Gong and No. Gui Gong is higher than that of similar samples prepared independently, and the main reason is that the fragrance and taste of the samples prepared by mixing and picking are richer and stronger than those of the samples prepared by single fine variety.
The score evaluation criteria were: the score evaluation criteria were: and the method is implemented by referring to T/GXAS 'geographical sign agricultural product Guangxi Liupu tea'.
Table 1 sensory variety evaluation of Liupu tea of Mixed variety
Table 2 sensory variety evaluation of Liupu tea of Mixed variety
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the mixed seeds are favorable for leading the raw materials to have larger diversity when picking, enriching the taste of the Liupu tea product, and the quality of the mixed seed products is usually not lower than the average level of the quality of mixed seed component products, and sometimes better than the quality of the highest quality mixed seed component products, and improving the quality of the mixed seed component products. The improved variety mixing of the clone tea trees accords with the quality characteristics of Liupu tea, and the operation is simple and flexible, and does not need to increase any production cost and extra labor force.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method for a suitable Liupu tea tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Tea garden selection and reclamation: the cultivation is carried out on the selected tea garden land, and the tea garden land with the ladder face width of 3-3.5 meters and the ladder wall height of 1-1.5 meters is cultivated;
(2) Tea seedling mixed planting: mixing seeds of the adaptive Liupu tea tree with similar growth period and morphological characteristics on the ladder surface, and alternately planting 2 or more clones in each row to obtain the adaptive Liupu tea tree improved seeds; the planting specification adopts double-row double-plant planting, the large row spacing is 1.5-1.8 m, the small row spacing is 55-60 cm, and the cluster spacing is 30-33 cm;
(3) Interplanting green manure: and interplanting desmodium styracifolium and magnolia on the ladder wall, interplanting desmodium styracifolium and soybeans on the inner side of the ladder surface, and interplanting perilla in the large row spacing.
2. The planting method for the Liupu tea trees, which is suitable for being prepared according to claim 1, is characterized in that in the step (1), a sloping field or a mountain field with the gradient less than or equal to 25 degrees is selected from tea garden fields, the annual average temperature is 18-23 ℃, annual rainfall is 1400-1800 mm, the soil thickness is more than 60 cm, and the pH value is red loam, red loam or yellow loam with the pH value of 4.5-6.5.
3. The method for planting a suitable Liupu tea tree according to claim 1, wherein the fine variety of the suitable Liupu tea tree in step (2) is Guihong No. 3 and Gui Gong No. 4.
4. The planting method for the Liupu tea trees, which is suitable for being planted in the way, according to the claim 1, is characterized in that the concrete method for interplanting desmodium styracifolium and magnolia falcata on the ladder wall is as follows: sowing desmodium styracifolium on the ladder wall in 3-4 months, wherein the sowing quality per mu is 150-160g, and the row spacing is 30-40cm;
Meanwhile, the magnolia is planted between the rows of desmodium styracifolium through cutting, the planting distance is 25-30cm, and single-row double-plant planting is adopted in the planting specification.
5. The planting method for the Liupu tea trees, which is suitable for being planted in the planting method, is characterized in that the specific method for interplanting desmodium styracifolium and soybean on the inner side of the ladder surface is as follows: planting desmodium styracifolium and soybean alternately in a ditch at the inner side of the ladder surface in 3-4 months; sowing desmodium styracifolium in a ladder plane, wherein the sowing quality per mu is 150-160g, and the row spacing is 30-40cm;
sowing soybean at the same time, wherein the cluster distance is 40-50cm, and each cluster is used for sowing 2-3 soybean seeds.
6. A method for planting a suitable Liupu tea tree according to claim 5, wherein the desmodium styracifolium seed is subjected to the following treatment prior to sowing: removing wax on the outer layer of the desmodium styracifolium seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water at 40-45 ℃ for 18-24 hours, fishing out and airing for later use;
the following treatment is carried out before the planting of the magnolia land: cutting 15-20cm long branches of the magnolia branch for standby.
7. A method for planting a suitable Liupu tea tree according to claim 5, wherein the desmodium styracifolium is sown with the following steps: digging a ditch with the depth of 8-10cm on the inner side of the ladder wall or the ladder surface, mixing the desmodium styracifolium seeds with fine soil or river sand according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and uniformly scattering the mixture in the ditch.
8. The planting method for the Liupu tea trees, which is suitable for being planted in the large row spacing, is characterized in that the specific method for interplanting purple perilla is as follows: sowing purple perilla in 3-4 months at the large row spacing of the mixed planting of tea seedlings, and sowing 1.8-2.0kg per mu.
9. The method for planting a suitable Liupu tea tree according to claim 8, wherein the following steps are performed before sowing: soaking the perilla seeds in warm water of 40-45 ℃ for 8-10 hours at night before sowing, fishing out and airing; the purple perilla seed is subjected to the following treatment during sowing: uniformly stirring the perilla seeds and fine soil or river sand according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and uniformly broadcasting.
10. The method for planting a suitable Liupu tea plant according to claim 1, further comprising tea garden management; the tea garden management comprises water management, soil management, fertilization management, tea garden pruning management and disease, pest and grass pest control.
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