CN118000004A - Potentilla chinensis container seedling cultivation method in rainy season - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of container seedlings in China mountain pine in rainy season. The invention provides a cultivation method of container seedlings in China pine in a rainy season, wherein the cultivation place is a subtropical humid monsoon climate zone in the south of Sichuan province, and the altitude is 2000-2800m, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps: seedbed manufacturing, light matrix preparation, container filling, seed germination accelerating, sowing and seedling stage management. The method for cultivating the container seedlings of the Huashan pine in the rainy season mainly utilizes concentrated rainfall in the local summer to meet the requirement of the growth of the Huashan pine seedlings, the seedling time only needs 90-100 days, the cultivation period is shortened, the container seedlings of the Huashan pine with excellent quality are cultivated on site in a forestation site, and the problem of low forestation survival rate is solved.

Description

Potentilla chinensis container seedling cultivation method in rainy season

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seedling raising, in particular to a container seedling cultivation method in a China pine rainy season.

Background

The huashanea pine is also called as a pine cone, a green pine, a five-leaf pine, a white pine, a five-whisker pine, ma Daisong and a cucurbit pine, is an evergreen arbor in the pine family, has high and strong tree shape, green bark, one bundle of 5 needles, graceful crown shape, peculiar posture and rapid growth, and is a dual-purpose tree species for forestation and greening of mountain and mountain halfproof. At present, few reports about the Huashan pine seedling raising technology are provided, the seedling raising stage of the Huashan pine is extremely important, and if the Huashan pine is carelessly cultivated, the subsequent survival and growth and development can be directly affected, so that the seedling raising is failed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for cultivating container seedlings in China pine in a rainy season.

The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme.

The invention provides a cultivation method of container seedlings in China pine in a rainy season, wherein the cultivation place is a subtropical humid monsoon climate zone in the south of Sichuan province, and the altitude is 2000-2800m, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps: seedbed manufacturing, light matrix preparation, container filling, seed germination accelerating, sowing and seedling stage management.

The invention also provides an application of the container seedlings of the Huashansong in the rainy season, cultivated by the cultivation method, in improving the survival rate of the Huashansong forestation.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

The cultivation method of the container seedlings in the China pine rainy season provided by the invention mainly utilizes concentrated rainfall in local summer in the cultivation process of the container seedlings in the China pine rainy season to cultivate the container seedlings with good quality locally in a forestation site, solves the problem of low forestation survival rate, is an important basis for improving the national greening and ecological restoration effects of the mountain and the high-half mountain, and provides powerful guarantee for early formation of the China pine ecological system with stable characters and powerful functions.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 shows container seedlings of the Potentilla chinensis in a rainy season cultivated by the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, wherein a is the Potentilla chinensis seedlings which just come out of soil, and b is the Potentilla chinensis seedlings which reach the nursery standard; c, drawing is the nursery-grown plant of the Huashansong; d, taking out the Huashansong seedlings of the nutrition bags; and e, drawing is the cultivated container seedlings of the Huashansong in the rainy season.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.

At present, the Huashansong seedling raising technology is a conventional seedling raising method, namely seed germination accelerating, seeding, weeding, watering, fertilizing, pest control and the like, and the conventional seedling raising method has the advantages of larger limitation, more complicated operation steps, particularly seedling raising in high-altitude areas, inconvenient watering and higher cost. Based on years of practice, the inventor provides a cultivation method of container seedlings of the huashan pine, which mainly uses rainfall of a cultivation base for seedling cultivation, wherein the cultivation base mainly comprises the following steps: a typical representation of a subtropical humid monsoon climate zone in the south of the province of si is the county of the eastern union of the mountain and the state of the mountain, which is the first county of the national china mountain pine, the climate characteristics of which are: has obvious four seasons change, high temperature and raininess in summer and mild wetting in winter. Annual precipitation is generally above 1000mm and is mainly concentrated in summer and autumn. The cultivation method of the container seedlings of the huashan pine provided by the inventor mainly concentrates rainfall seasons in summer, and cultivates the container seedlings of the huashan pine with good quality on site in a forestation site, wherein the cultivation time of the container seedlings of the huashan pine only needs 90-100 days, so that the problem of low forestation survival rate is solved, and a powerful support is provided for accelerating the forestation process of the mountain.

The following specifically describes a cultivation method of the container seedlings in the China pine rainy season for hundred days:

The invention provides a cultivation method of container seedlings of China mountain pine for hundred days, wherein the cultivation place is a subtropical humid monsoon climate zone in the south of Sichuan province, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps of: seedbed manufacturing, light matrix preparation, container filling, seed germination accelerating, sowing and seedling stage management.

In an alternative embodiment, the seedbed making includes: on the up-slope of forestation land, selecting land with gentle land form, low soil gravel content and less weed tree root to build nursery land, on the basis of selecting nursery site, firstly opening drainage ditch to prevent rain wash after heavy rain, then shallow ploughing, removing stone, weed and tree root in soil to prevent weed breeding, finally opening carriage to build bed according to slope degree of 3-5 deg. and seedling bed width of 1.0-1.2m and pavement width of 0.3-0.4m.

In an alternative embodiment, the light matrix formulation comprises: after 50% of half-fermented material, 30% of perlite, 10% of rice husk and 10% of fermented animal manure after crushing wood organic matters are mixed, a Boldo liquid is sprayed according to the standard of 2.5 kg/m ³, wherein copper sulfate in the Boldo liquid is as follows: lime: the mass ratio of water is 1:1:100, or 1.5g/m ³ of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is sprayed, and the powder is spread under the sun for exposure for 2-3 days, and turned over every 3-4 hours to prepare the light matrix.

In an alternative embodiment, the container filling comprises: the method comprises the steps of filling light matrixes into non-woven fabric nutrition bags or nutrition bowls with the length of 10 multiplied by 15cm or 12 multiplied by 18cm, preferably non-woven fabric nutrition bags, orderly placing the nutrition bags filled with the light matrixes on a nursery bed, placing 20 nutrition bags in each row, placing mouse clamps and putting rodents on the periphery of the nursery bed, and eliminating mountain rats.

The light matrix with the composition provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the wood organic matters comprise wood, crotch, pine needles and the like, the fermented animal manure comprises one or more of fully fermented cow manure, sheep manure and pig manure, the light matrix prepared by the invention can provide needed nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the growth and development of the Chinese pine seedlings, the nutrition value is high, the growth of the seedlings can be accelerated, the cultivation time is shortened, and compared with nutrient soil prepared from soil, sandy soil and loam, the light matrix has the following advantages: the light matrix bagging is not affected by weather, places and the like, and the loading is easy; has higher fertility and water retention capacity, is not easy to lose and lose water, and can accelerate the growth and development of the Huashansong seedlings; good permeability, developed root system of the nursery stock and strong growth; the total weight of the container seedlings is reduced, the transportation, the moving and the unloading of the container seedlings are facilitated, and the labor burden and the moving cost are reduced; the non-woven fabric becomes nutrient to be absorbed by plant root system after being degraded in soil, is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and is favorable for green development.

In an alternative embodiment, the seed germination comprises:

at the beginning of 4 months, seed germination is performed in three steps;

The first step: seed selection is carried out by adopting a water selection mode: pouring the huashanea seeds into a container for containing water, removing impurities and seeds floating on the water surface, and selecting the seeds with full sinking bottom, high germination rate, strong vitality and no plant diseases and insect pests for later use;

And a second step of: seed disinfection treatment: pouring the seeds obtained by carefully selecting into a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 2% -3% at 40-50 ℃, continuously stirring, taking out after 30 minutes, and flushing with clear water for 2 times;

And a third step of: the germination accelerating is carried out by adopting an alternate mode of water immersion and air drying: immersing the seeds washed clean by clean water into warm water at 40 ℃ and the water surface is 10cm higher than the seeds, immersing the seeds for 12 hours, taking out the seeds and spreading the seeds in a container, and placing the seeds in a room at 20-26 ℃ to hasten germination for 4 hours; soaking seeds in 40 deg.c warm water for 12 hr, taking out, spreading in a container, and germinating in 20-26 deg.c room for 4 hr to ensure the water, temperature and oxygen for germination, and taking out after 7-10 days of seed coat cracking.

The seeds obtained by the germination accelerating method have high germination rate and strong stress resistance and disease resistance, and can be well adapted to outdoor seedling raising environments in the growth process.

In an alternative embodiment, sowing includes: timely sowing the germinated seeds into prepared nutrition bags or nutrition bowls, sowing 2-3 grains in each container, covering 1-2cm of moist soil with sowing depth of 3-5cm, and covering with pine needles; shading with sunshade net to preserve moisture and heat, prevent burn and bird injury, and ensure regular emergence.

According to the container seedling cultivation method for the huashan pine hundred days, after seeds subjected to germination acceleration are sown, 1-2cm of moist soil is covered on the surface, pine needles are covered, the moist soil covered on a light substrate has certain moisture retention capacity, evaporation and loss of moisture can be slowed down, the pine needles covered on the moist soil are needles dropped after the huashan pine seedlings grow into big trees, and the needles are the same as and homologous to the huashan pine seedlings, so that the container seedling cultivation method has the functions of environmental protection, sterilization and water retention, and can create good seedling growth and development environments; therefore, pine needles are used for covering, and the healthy growth of the Huashan pine seedlings is promoted.

In an alternative embodiment, the seedling management includes:

removing the cover: in a rainy day after the seeds germinate and come out of the soil, removing the pine needles covered on the nutrition bags or the nutrition bowls, and timely spraying 0.2% carbendazim solution to prevent diseases;

weeding: at the beginning of 5 months, the nursery lands grow weeds gradually, and weeds in the container, the bed surface and the footpath are removed in a rainy day;

And (3) seedling establishment: the seedlings need to be careful to prevent bird damage from the soil emergence to the falling of the seed shells, the seedlings are grown in half a month after being aligned, the height of each seedling is 5cm, 1 Huashan pine seedling is reserved in each nutrition bag or each nutrition pot;

Pest control: the insect pest is prevented and treated by spraying and killing 50% dichlorvos emulsion 1000-1500 times or trichlorfon 1000-1500 times; the disease control is carried out by spraying Barduo liquid or 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid in a ratio of 1:1:100;

and (5) out of the garden: the seedling height reaches more than 10cm, and Miao Gan turns yellow and is fully lignified, so that the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery;

Wherein, the water needed by the growth in the seedling stage mainly depends on local rainfall, and the seedling survival rate is improved by adopting artificial auxiliary watering when meeting continuous drought or high-temperature climate.

In an alternative embodiment, the cultivation time of the container seedlings of the huashanea is 4-6 months.

The invention also provides an application of the container seedlings of the Huashansong in the rainy season, cultivated by the cultivation method, in improving the survival rate of the Huashansong forestation.

In an alternative embodiment, the steps are as follows:

the forestation adopts plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 2m or 2m multiplied by 3m, the seedling amount for each mu is 111 plants or 167 plants, and the specification of each hole is 40cm multiplied by 30cm;

The afforestation time is 7-8 months of concentrated rainfall, the container seedlings are carried to the dug afforestation cave sides from nursery lands, non-woven fabrics at the bottom of the container are torn, the seedlings are placed in the cave center, the soil is covered in layers and compacted, then the soil is covered to the root positions of the original seedlings, a circular soil disc is built around the ground surface taking the seedling trunk as the center after planting, the periphery of the seedling trunk is slightly higher, gradually lower outwards, and the disc sides are slightly higher, so that water retention is facilitated.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

Example 1

The cultivation method of the container seedlings of the China pine in the rainy season and the forestation method of the container seedlings of the China pine in the rainy season by adopting the cultivation method comprise the following steps:

1. seed collection

The method is characterized in that the Chinese pine cones are mature when the color of the Chinese pine cones is changed from cyan to yellow brown from the last 9 months to the last 10 months (after white dew), and the parent trees with strong growth and 15-40 years of tree age are selected for seed collection. The collected cones are spread in sunlight, turned over 2-3 times a day, and threshing is carried out by a threshing machine or manually when the scales are loosened and spread and seeds begin to shed. Removing impurities, sun drying until the water content is 8-10%, storing at a temperature not higher than 5deg.C, and germination rate of 2960-3040 seeds per kg is 80-90%.

2. Container seedling cultivation in rainy season

2.1 Nursery establishment

2.1.1 Nursery site selection

Along with the promotion of afforestation and ecological restoration, the current afforestation sites are as follows: the general shrub forest lands, other forest lands and bare lands have the characteristics of poor land conditions, no water source, inconvenient traffic and the like in most land plots, and the vegetation recovery and forestation difficulties are increasing. The nursery is built by selecting the land with the elevation of 2000-2800m, gentle topography, low soil gravel content and few weed tree roots as far as possible according to the requirements of facilitating nursery management, shortening the seedling carrying distance, reducing the seedling loss and saving the cultivation cost.

2.1.2 Nursery establishment

2.1.2.1 Preparation of seedbed

On the basis of selecting nursery sites, firstly, a drainage ditch is opened to prevent rain wash after heavy rain. And shallow plowing is carried out, stones, weeds and tree roots in the soil are removed, weed breeding is prevented, and nursery management cost is reduced. Finally, opening the carriage to construct a bed according to the slope degree of 3-5 degrees, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.0-1.2m, and the width of the pavement is 0.3-0.4m.

2.2 Light matrix bagging and placing

2.2.1 Light matrix configuration

The preparation of the light matrix comprises the following steps: 50% of half-fermented material obtained by crushing wood organic matters, 30% of perlite, 10% of rice husk and 10% of fermented animal manure are mixed, and then a Boldo liquid is sprayed according to the standard of 2.5kg/m ³, wherein copper sulfate in the Boldo liquid is as follows: lime: the mass ratio of water is 1:1:100, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder is sprayed in 1.5g/m ³, and the mixture is spread under the sun for exposure for 2-3 days, and turned over every 3-4 hours to obtain a light matrix.

2.2.2 Bagging and placing

A non-woven fabric nutrition bag or a nutrition pot with the length of 10 multiplied by 15cm or 12 multiplied by 18cm is adopted to fill light matrixes, and the light matrixes are orderly placed on a seedbed, and 20 non-woven fabric nutrition bags or nutrition pots are placed in each row. The mouse trap and the mouse medicine are arranged around the nursery land to kill mountain rats.

2.3 Seed germination

At the beginning of 4 months, seed germination is performed in three steps, the first step: seed selection is carried out by adopting a water selection mode: pouring the huashanea seeds into a container for containing water, removing impurities and seeds floating on the water surface, and selecting the seeds with full sinking bottom, high germination rate, strong vitality and no plant diseases and insect pests for later use; and a second step of: seed disinfection treatment: pouring the seeds obtained by carefully selecting into a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 2% -3% at 40-50 ℃, continuously stirring, taking out after 30 minutes, and flushing with clear water for 2 times; and a third step of: the germination accelerating is carried out by adopting an alternate mode of water immersion and air drying: immersing the seeds washed clean by clean water into warm water at 40 ℃ and the water surface is 10cm higher than the seeds, immersing the seeds for 12 hours, taking out the seeds and spreading the seeds in a container, and placing the seeds in a room at 20-26 ℃ to hasten germination for 4 hours; soaking seeds in warm water at about 40deg.C for 12 hr, taking out, spreading in a container, and standing in room at 20-26deg.C for germination accelerating for 4 hr, alternately accelerating germination to ensure water and oxygen required for seed germination and respiration, and taking out after seed coat is split for 7-10 days.

2.4 Sowing

In the middle ten days of 4 months, timely sowing the germinated seeds into prepared light matrix nutrition bags or nutrition bowls, sowing 2-3 grains in each container, covering 1-2cm of moist soil with sowing depth of about 3-5cm, and covering pine needles; shading with sunshade net to preserve moisture and heat, prevent burn and bird injury, and ensure regular emergence.

2.5 Seedling management

2.5.1 Removal of the cover

In the late 4 th month, in the rainy days after the seeds germinate and come out of the soil, the pine needles covered on the nutrition bags or the nutrition bowls are uncovered, and 0.2% carbendazim solution is sprayed in time to prevent diseases. The water is small or medium, so that the water required by the growth of the seedlings can be met.

2.5.2 Weeding

At the beginning of 5 months, the nursery lands begin to grow weeds gradually, and the weeds in the container, the bed surface and the footpath are removed in overcast and rainy days according to the principles of early removal, small removal and removal, so that the weeding is careful, the excessive force cannot be applied, and the soil is prevented from being disturbed to loosen seedling roots.

2.5.3 Final singling

The seedlings need to be prevented from bird damage from the soil emergence to the falling of the seed shells, the seedlings are grown in half a month after the emergence, the height of each seedling is 5cm, and 1 Huashan pine seedling is reserved in each nutrition bag or each nutrition pot.

2.5.4 Pest control

Main diseases and insect pests of the Huashan pine nursery land include pine aphids, pine caterpillars, leaf blight and the like, and early discovery, early prevention and early treatment are realized during prevention and treatment. The insect pest can be prevented and treated by spraying and killing 50% dichlorvos emulsion 1000-1500 times or trichlorfon 1000-1500 times; the disease control agent can be sprayed by using a Barduo liquid or a 50% carbendazim 1000-time liquid in a ratio of 1:1:100.

2.5.5 Out of garden

And at the beginning of the period from the last ten days of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, the seedling height reaches more than 10cm, miao Gan turns yellow, and the seedlings can be transplanted after full lignification.

The growth process of the container seedlings of the Huashansong in the rainy season cultivated in the above way is shown in the figure 1, and can be seen as follows: the cultivated container seedlings of the Huashansong in the rainy season have high survival rate, healthy growth and good growth vigor.

3. Container seedling forestation in rainy season

3.1 Seedling quantity

The forest planting of the Pinus armandi adopts plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 2m or 2m multiplied by 3m, and the seedling quantity per mu is 111 plants or 167 plants.

3.2 Soil preparation

In 5-6 months, 40cm×40cm×30cm cavity soil preparation is adopted one month before forestation.

3.3 Planting

In rainy season of 7-8 months, carrying container seedlings from nursery lands to the edge of a dug forestation cave, tearing non-woven fabrics at the bottom, putting the seedlings in the center of the cave, covering soil in layers for compaction, covering soil to the root of the original seedlings, building a circular soil tray around the earth surface taking a seedling trunk as the center after planting, and making the periphery of the seedling trunk slightly higher, gradually lower outwards and slightly higher so as to be beneficial to water retention.

Comparative example 1

Spring seedling raising method for Pinus armandi

1.1 Incubation time

The nursery stock is cultivated for 1 month to 6 months for 180 days.

2.1 Nursery establishment

2.1.1 Nursery site selection

The nursery land is selected from sandy loam with deep and rich soil, sufficient water source and good drainage, and is built in a farmland close to the mountain feet.

2.1.2 Nursery establishment

2.1.2.1 Preparation of seedbed

And (3) forming drainage ditches around the selected nursery land, wherein the middle ditches are shallow, the side ditches are deep, no water accumulation in the rain stop ditches is achieved, and carrying out chemical weeding on the nursery land by adopting 1000 times of 50% acetochlor 20 days before sowing according to the standard of 50 mL/mu. The established seedbed is 1.2m wide, 20cm high and 30cm wide.

2.2 Bagging and placing the nutrient soil

2.2.1 Nutrient soil preparation

The soil which is light, loose, fertile and well drained is thinned in the nursery land, the decomposed farmyard manure (or organic fertilizer) and 100 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer are added according to the proportion of 1 (base fertilizer): 5 (soil), and the soil is uniformly stirred, and 0.2kg of dixon and 0.2kg of metaldehyde powder are added into each 1m ³ of nutrient soil for soil disinfection, so that the nutrient soil is prepared.

2.2.2 Bagging and placing

A plastic nutrition bag or a nutrition pot with the length of 10 multiplied by 15cm or 12 multiplied by 18cm is adopted to be filled with nutrition soil, and the nutrition bags or the nutrition pot are orderly placed on a seedbed, and 20 nutrition bags or nutrition pots are placed in each row. The mouse trap and the mouse medicine are arranged around the nursery land to kill mountain rats.

2.3 Seed germination

At the beginning of 2 months, the seeds are germinated in three steps, and firstly, the seeds are carefully selected, and seeds which are healthy in development, full, large in grain size, high in germination rate, strong in vitality and free of diseases and insect pests are selected. And then disinfecting the seeds, soaking the seeds in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours (or spraying 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid), taking out and washing the seeds with clear water for 2-3 times. Finally, the huashan pine seeds are immersed into warm water (the water surface is 10cm higher than the seeds) at 40-50 ℃ for germination, water is changed for 1-2 times per day, the seed coats are fished out and spread in a container after being swelled by water absorption, the seeds are placed in a room at 20 ℃ for germination, and are covered by pine needles or wet straws, water is sprayed for 2-3 times per day, the germination is carried out for 10-15 days, and when more than 60% of the seeds are broken, the seeds can be taken out for sowing.

2.4 Sowing

In the late 2 months, timely sowing the germinated seeds into prepared nutrition bags or nutrition bowls, sowing 2-3 seeds in each container, covering 1-2cm of moist soil with sowing depth of about 3-5cm, and covering pine needles; shading with sunshade net to preserve moisture and heat, prevent burn and bird injury, and ensure regular emergence.

2.5 Seedling management

2.5.1 Watering

After the seeds are sown into the nutrition bags or the nutrition bowls, watering is carried out once a week, so that the water required by the growth of the seedlings is satisfied.

2.5.2 Removal of the cover

At the beginning of 3 months, in the rainy days after the seeds germinate and come out of the soil, the pine needles covered on the nutrition bags or the nutrition bowls are uncovered, and 0.2% carbendazim solution is sprayed in time to prevent diseases.

2.5.3 Weeding

In the middle of 3 months, weeds start to grow gradually in the container, and the weeds in the container, the bed surface and the footpath are removed in overcast and rainy days according to the principles of early removal, small removal and removal, so that the weeds are carefully removed, and the excessive force cannot be applied, so that soil disturbance and seedling root loosening are prevented.

2.5.4 Final singling

The seedlings need to be prevented from bird damage from the soil emergence to the falling of the seed shells, the seedling height reaches more than 5cm for thinning after half a month after the seedling emergence, and 1 Huashan pine seedling is reserved in each nutrition bag or each nutrition pot.

2.5.5 Fertilizer

In the middle ten days of 4 months, nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to the standard of 30-35 kg/mu, and the growth of seedlings is accelerated.

2.5.6 Pest control

Main diseases and insect pests of the Huashan pine nursery land include pine aphids, pine caterpillars, leaf blight and the like, and early discovery, early prevention and early treatment are realized during prevention and treatment. The insect pest prevention and control agent can be sprayed by using 50% dichlorvos emulsion 1000-1500 times of liquid or trichlorfon 1000-1500 times of liquid; the disease control agent can be sprayed by using a Barduo liquid or a 50% carbendazim 1000-time liquid in a ratio of 1:1:100.

2.6 Out of the garden

And at the beginning of the period from the last ten days of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, the seedling height reaches more than 8cm, miao Gan turns yellow, and the seedlings can be transplanted after full lignification.

2.7 Forestation in rainy season

2.7.1 Seedling amount

The planting distance of the Huashansong is 2m multiplied by 2m, and the seedling quantity per mu is 167 plants.

2.7.2 Soil preparation

In 5-6 months, 40cm×40cm×30cm cavity soil preparation is adopted one month before forestation.

2.7.3 Planting

In rainy season of 7-8 months, carrying container seedlings from nursery lands to the edges of the dug forestation holes, tearing off all materials of plastic nutrition bags or nutrition bowls, putting the seedlings in the holes, carrying out layered earthing compaction, earthing to the root positions of the original seedlings, and building circular soil trays to facilitate water retention.

Compared with the method for culturing the container seedlings in the spring of the Huashansong provided by comparative example 1, the method for culturing the container seedlings in the century of the Huashansong provided by example 1 has the following advantages:

1. The cultivation time of the Huashansong seedlings is shortened by 80-90 days;

2. in the concentrated rainfall season in summer, the shelled seeds are sown into a non-woven fabric nutrition bag or a nutrition pot, the rainfall can meet the growth of seedlings, and the watering is reduced for 16 times;

3. The prepared light matrix can completely meet the nutrient required by the growth of the seedlings, does not need to fertilize, and reduces the fertilization amount by 30-35kg per mu;

4. The light matrix is loose in gap, can promote the growth of root systems, develop the root systems of seedlings and exceed the total quantity of the root systems of conventional nutrition bags or nutrition pot seedlings by 30%;

5. the non-woven fabric nutrition bag or the nutrition pot is adopted, the plastic nutrition bag or the nutrition pot is not adopted, and the herbicide is not applied, so that the pollution of soil and environment can be prevented, and the environment-friendly requirement can be met;

6. the light matrix provides enough nutrients required by the growth and development of the nursery stock, and the height of the nursery stock is more than 10cm and more than 2cm higher than that of the nursery stock cultivated in the prior art when the nursery stock is out of the nursery;

7. The non-woven fabric nutrition bags or nutrition bowls are filled with light matrixes, and after nursery stocks are transplanted, the weight of each nutrition bag or nutrition bowl seedling is only 0.3kg, and is reduced by 0.3-0.7kg compared with that of the nutrition bags or nutrition bowl seedlings cultivated in the prior art;

8. The nutrition bags or the nutrition pot seedlings are cultivated nearby in the forestation land, so that the conveying distance is shortened, and the conveying cost is reduced; the root system of the seedling is developed, the root system is tightly combined with the nutrient soil, and the survival rate of forestation is improved by more than 30%.

Comparative example 2

Autumn seedling raising method for Pinus armandi

1.1 Incubation time

The nursery stock is cultivated for 9 months to 6 months of the next year for 300 days.

2.1 Nursery establishment

2.1.1 Nursery site selection

The nursery land is selected from sandy loam with deep and rich soil, sufficient water source and good drainage, and is built in a farmland close to the mountain feet.

2.1.2 Nursery establishment

2.1.2.1 Preparation of seedbed

And (3) forming drainage ditches around the selected nursery land, wherein the middle ditches are shallow, the side ditches are deep, no water accumulation in the rain stop ditches is achieved, and carrying out chemical weeding on the nursery land by adopting 1000 times of 50% acetochlor 20 days before sowing according to the standard of 50 mL/mu. The established seedbed is 1.2m wide, 20cm high and 30cm wide.

2.2 Bagging and placing the nutrient soil

2.2.1 Nutrient soil preparation

The soil which is light, loose, fertile and well drained is thinned in the nursery land, the decomposed farmyard manure (or organic fertilizer) and 100 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer are added according to the proportion of 1 (base fertilizer): 5 (soil), and the soil is sterilized by adding 0.2kg of dixon and 0.2kg of metaldehyde powder into each 1m ³ of nutrient soil, so that the nutrient soil is prepared.

2.2.2 Bagging and placing

A plastic nutrition bag or a nutrition pot with the length of 10 multiplied by 15cm or 12 multiplied by 18cm is adopted to be filled with nutrition soil, and the nutrition bags or the nutrition pot are orderly placed on a seedbed, and 20 nutrition bags or nutrition pots are placed in each row. The mouse trap and the mouse medicine are arranged around the nursery land to kill mountain rats.

2.3 Seed germination

In 10 middle ten days, seed germination is carried out in three steps, firstly seeds are carefully selected in a water selection mode, and seeds which are healthy, full, large in grain size, high in germination rate, strong in vitality and free of plant diseases and insect pests are selected. And then disinfecting the seeds, soaking the seeds in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours (or spraying 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid), taking out and washing the seeds with clear water for 2-3 times. Finally, the huashan pine seeds are immersed into warm water (the water surface is 10cm higher than the seeds) at 40-50 ℃ for germination acceleration, water is changed for 1-2 times per day, the seed coats are fished out and spread in a container after being swelled by water absorption, the indoor germination acceleration at 20 ℃ is carried out, pine needles or wet straws are used for covering, water is sprayed for 2-3 times per day, the germination acceleration is carried out for 10-15 days, and when more than 60% of the seeds are broken, the seeds can be taken out for sowing.

2.4 Sowing

At the beginning of 11 months, timely sowing the germinated seeds into prepared nutrition bags or nutrition bowls, sowing 2-3 seeds in each container, covering moist soil of 1-2cm with sowing depth of 3-5cm, and covering with pine needles; shading with sunshade net to preserve moisture and heat, prevent burn and bird injury, and ensure regular emergence.

2.5 Seedling management

2.5.1 Watering

The seeds are sown into a nutrition bag or a nutrition pot, and watered once a week, so that the water required by the growth of the seedlings is satisfied.

2.5.2 Weeding

At the end of 11 months, weeds start to grow gradually in the container, and the weeds in the container, the bed surface and the footpath are removed in overcast and rainy days according to the principles of early removal, small removal and removal, and the weeds are carefully removed, so that excessive force cannot be applied, and the soil is prevented from being disturbed to loosen seedling roots.

2.5.3 Removal of the cover

At the beginning of 1 month of the next year, removing the pine needles covered on the nutrition bags, and timely spraying 0.2% carbendazim solution to prevent diseases.

2.5.4 Final singling

The seedlings need to be prevented from bird damage from the soil emergence to the falling of the seed shells, the seedlings are thinned after being planted for half a month, the height of the seedlings is more than 5cm, and 1 Huashan pine seedling is reserved in each nutrition bag or each nutrition pot.

2.5.5 Fertilizer

In the middle of 3 months, the high growth of the seedlings is accelerated, and nitrogen fertilizer is tracked, so that the phenomenon of capping in the drought period is prevented from influencing the normal growth of the seedlings.

2.5.6 Pest control

Main diseases and insect pests of the Huashan pine nursery land include pine aphids, pine caterpillars, leaf blight and the like, and early discovery, early prevention and early treatment are required. The insect pest prevention and control agent can be sprayed by using 50% dichlorvos emulsion 1000-1500 times of liquid or trichlorfon 1000-1500 times of liquid; the disease control agent can be sprayed by using a Barduo liquid or a 50% carbendazim 1000-time liquid in a ratio of 1:1:100.

2.6 Out of the garden

And at the beginning of the period from the last ten days of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, the seedling height reaches more than 8cm, miao Gan turns yellow, and the seedlings can be transplanted after full lignification.

2.7 Forestation in rainy season

2.7.1 Seedling amount

The planting distance of the Huashansong is 2m multiplied by 2m, and the seedling quantity per mu is 167 plants.

2.7.2 Soil preparation

5-6 Months in the next year, and one month before forestation, hole-shaped soil preparation with the specification of 40cm multiplied by 30cm is adopted.

2.7.3 Planting

And (3) carrying the container seedlings from the nursery lands to the edge of the dug forestation holes in 7-8 months, tearing off all materials of the plastic nutrition bags or the nutrition bowls, putting the seedlings in the holes, carrying out layered soil covering and compaction, covering the soil to the root positions of the original seedlings, and building a circular soil tray to facilitate water retention.

Compared with the method for culturing the container seedlings in the spring of the Huashansong provided by comparative example 2, the method for culturing the container seedlings in the Huashansong in the century provided by example 1 has the following advantages:

1. the cultivation time of the Huashansong seedlings is shortened by 200-210 days;

2. In the concentrated rainfall season, the seeds with broken shells are sown into a non-woven fabric nutrition bag or a nutrition pot, and the rainfall can meet the growth of seedlings, so that the watering is reduced by 16 times;

3. The prepared light matrix can completely meet the nutrient required by the growth of the seedlings, fertilizer application is not needed, and the fertilizer application amount is reduced by 30-35 kg per mu;

4. The light matrix is loose in gap, can promote the growth of root systems, develop the root systems of seedlings and exceed the total quantity of the root systems of conventional nutrition bags or nutrition pot seedlings by 30%;

5. the non-woven fabric nutrition bag or the nutrition pot is adopted, the plastic nutrition bag or the nutrition pot is not adopted, and the herbicide is not applied, so that the pollution of soil and environment can be prevented, and the environment-friendly requirement can be met;

6. the light matrix provides enough nutrients required by the growth and development of the nursery stock, and the height of the nursery stock is more than 10cm and more than 2cm higher than that of the nursery stock cultivated in the prior art when the nursery stock is out of the nursery;

7. The non-woven fabric nutrition bags or nutrition bowls are filled with light matrixes, and after nursery stocks are transplanted, the weight of each nutrition bag or nutrition bowl seedling is only 0.3kg, and is reduced by 0.3-0.7kg compared with that of the nutrition bag seedlings or nutrition bowls cultivated in the prior art;

8. the nutrition bag seedlings or the nutrition pot are cultivated nearby in the forestation land, so that the conveying distance is shortened, and the conveying cost is reduced; the root system of the nursery stock is developed, the nutrient soil is compact, and the survival rate of forestation is improved by more than 30%.

Comparative example 3

Cultivation method of naked root seedlings of Pinus armandii

1.1 Incubation time

The nursery stock is cultivated for 1 month-6 months of the next year for 540 days.

2.1 Nursery establishment

2.1.1 Nursery site selection

The nursery land is selected from sandy loam with deep and rich soil, sufficient water source and good drainage, and is built in a farmland close to the mountain feet.

2.1.2 Nursery establishment

2.1.2.1 Preparation of seedbed

And (3) forming drainage ditches around the selected nursery land, wherein the middle ditches are shallow, the side ditches are deep, no water accumulation in the rain stop ditches is achieved, and carrying out chemical weeding on the nursery land by adopting 1000 times of 50% acetochlor 20 days before sowing according to the standard of 50 mL/mu. The established seedbed is 1.2m wide, 20cm high and 30cm wide.

2.2 Seed germination

At the beginning of 2 months, the seeds are germinated in three steps, and firstly, the seeds are carefully selected, and seeds which are healthy in development, full, large in grain size, high in germination rate, strong in vitality and free of diseases and insect pests are selected. And then disinfecting the seeds, soaking the seeds in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours (or spraying 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid), taking out and sealing for 30 minutes, and then flushing the seeds with clear water for 2-3 times. Finally, the huashan pine seeds are subjected to water immersion germination acceleration, the sterilized seeds are immersed in warm water with the temperature of 40-50 ℃ (the water surface is higher than the seeds by more than 10 cm), water is changed for 1-2 times per day, the seed coats are fished out and spread in a container after being expanded by water absorption, the seeds are placed in a room with the temperature of 20-26 ℃ for germination acceleration, and are covered by pine needles or wet straws, water is sprayed for 2-3 times per day, the germination acceleration is carried out for 10-15 days, and when the seeds have more than 60% of broken shells, the seeds can be taken out for sowing.

2.3 Sowing

2.3.1 Sowing time is from 2 late to 3 late, and germination is carried out for 40-50 days.

2.3.2, Sowing in a longitudinal direction, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, and the ditch width is 3cm, so that the seedlings are uniformly irradiated; the seed quantity per mu is 40-45kg, and the seed spacing is about 3 cm. After sowing, the soil is covered with loose fine soil for 0.5-1.0cm, covered with pine needles or rice straws, and fully watering.

2.3.3 Shading with sunshade net to preserve moisture and heat, prevent burn and bird damage, and ensure regular emergence.

2.4 Seedling management

2.4.1 Watering

After the seeds are sown, watering is carried out once a week, so that the water required by the growth of the seedlings is satisfied.

2.4.2 Removal of the cover

At the beginning of 4 months, in the rainy days after the seeds germinate and come out of the soil, the pine needles covered on the nutrition bags or the nutrition bowls are uncovered, and 0.2% carbendazim solution is sprayed in time to prevent diseases.

2.4.3 Weeding

In the middle ten days of 4 months, the nursery lands start to grow weeds gradually, and the weeds on the bed surfaces and the footpaths are removed in overcast and rainy days according to the principles of early removal, small removal and removal, so that the weeding is careful and excessive force cannot be applied, and the soil is prevented from being disturbed to loosen seedling roots.

2.4.4 Fertilizing

In the late 4 th month, the high growth of the seedlings is accelerated, and nitrogen fertilizer is tracked, so that the phenomenon of capping in the drought period is prevented, and the normal growth of the seedlings is influenced. Starting from 8 months of slow growth of the seedlings and the next ten days, the irrigation times are reduced, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are timely applied to promote the lignification of the seedlings.

2.4.5 Final singling

Thinning the seedlings 1 month after the seedlings are completely grown, and then thinning the seedlings for half a month. 130-140 seedlings are reserved per square meter, and the yield of seedlings per mu is 4-5 ten thousand.

2.4.6 Pest control

Main diseases and insect pests of the Huashan pine nursery land include pine aphids, pine caterpillars, leaf blight and the like, and early discovery, early prevention and early treatment are realized during prevention and treatment. The insect pest can be prevented and treated by spraying and killing 50% dichlorvos emulsion 1000-1500 times or trichlorfon 1000-1500 times; the disease control agent can be sprayed by using a Barduo liquid or a 50% carbendazim 1000-time liquid in a ratio of 1:1:100.

2.5 Out of the garden

The seedling height reaches more than 10cm in the beginning of the next 6 th month to 7 th month, and the nursery can be obtained after the seedlings are fully lignified.

2.6 Forestation in rainy season

2.6.1 Seedling amount

The planting distance of the Huashansong is 2m multiplied by 2m, and the seedling quantity per mu is 167 plants.

2.6.2 Soil preparation

5-6 Months in the next year, and one month before forestation, hole-shaped soil preparation with the specification of 40cm multiplied by 30cm is adopted.

2.6.3 Planting

In rainy season of 7-8 months, bare root seedlings are conveyed to the edge of a dug forestation cave from nursery lands, and planting is carried out in a mode of 'three buries are used for two treading one seedling lifting' (half of filled soil is used for lifting the seedling, then the soil is filled, virtual soil is covered finally, backfilled soil is slightly over the neck of the seedling root, and Miao Zhenggen comfort is achieved, fine soil is used for burying the root, and soil is covered in layers for compaction).

Compared with the method for culturing the container seedlings in the spring of the Huashansong provided by comparative example 3, the method for culturing the container seedlings in the Huashansong in the century provided by example 1 has the following advantages:

1. The cultivation time of the Huashansong seedlings is shortened by 440-450 days;

2. In the concentrated rainfall season, the seeds with broken shells are sown into a non-woven fabric nutrition bag or a nutrition pot, and the rainfall can meet the growth of seedlings, so that the watering time is reduced by 72 times;

3. The prepared light matrix can completely meet the nutrient required by the growth of the seedlings, does not need to fertilize, and reduces the fertilization amount by 30-35kg per mu;

4. The light matrix is loose in gap, can promote the growth of root systems, ensures that the root systems of seedlings are developed and exceed 50% of the total quantity of the root systems of bare-rooted seedlings;

5. the non-woven fabric nutrition bag or the nutrition pot is adopted, the plastic nutrition bag or the nutrition pot is not adopted, and the herbicide is not applied, so that the pollution of soil and environment can be prevented, and the environment-friendly requirement can be met;

6. the nutrition bags or the nutrition pot seedlings are cultivated nearby in the forestation land, so that the conveying distance is shortened, and the conveying cost is reduced; the root system of the seedling is developed, the nutrient soil is compact, the moisture and the nutrient required by the survival of the seedling can be fully ensured, the survival rate of forestation is more than 90 percent, and the survival rate of forestation is more than 50 percent higher than that of forestation using bare root seedlings.

Therefore, the method for cultivating the container seedlings in the China mountain pine rainy season provided by the embodiment of the invention mainly utilizes the concentrated rainfall in the local summer to meet the growth of the China mountain pine seedlings, obviously shortens the seedling time, and cultivates the container seedlings with excellent quality in the local place in the afforestation place, has low carrying cost and can improve the afforestation survival rate of the China mountain pine.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A cultivation method of container seedlings in China pine in a rainy season is characterized in that a cultivation place is a subtropical humid monsoon climate zone in the south of Sichuan province, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps of: seedbed manufacturing, light matrix preparation, container filling, seed germination accelerating, sowing and seedling stage management.

2. A method of growing according to claim 1, wherein the seedbed making comprises: on the up-slope of forestation land, selecting land with gentle land form, low soil gravel content and less weed tree root to build nursery land, on the basis of selecting nursery site, firstly opening drainage ditch to prevent rain wash after heavy rain, then shallow ploughing, removing stone, weed and tree root in soil to prevent weed breeding, finally opening carriage to build bed according to slope degree of 3-5 deg. and seedling bed width of 1.0-1.2m and pavement width of 0.3-0.4m.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the light matrix formulation comprises: 50% of half-fermented material obtained by crushing wood organic matters, 30% of perlite, 10% of rice husk and 10% of fermented animal manure are mixed, and then a Boldo liquid is sprayed according to the standard of 2.5kg/m ³, wherein copper sulfate in the Boldo liquid is as follows: lime: the mass ratio of water is 1:1:100, or 1.5g/m ³ of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is sprayed, and the powder is spread under the sun for exposure for 2-3 days, and turned over every 3-4 hours to prepare the light matrix.

4. A method of growing according to claim 1 wherein the container filling comprises: the prepared light matrix is filled with 10×15cm or 12×18cm non-woven fabric nutrition bags or nutrition bowls, and is orderly placed on a seedbed, 20 mouse traps are placed on the periphery of the nursery, and rodents are killed.

5. A method of growing according to claim 1, wherein the seed germination comprises: at the beginning of 4 months, seed germination is performed in three steps,

The first step: seed selection is carried out by adopting a water selection mode: pouring the huashanea seeds into a container for containing water, removing impurities and seeds floating on the water surface, and selecting the seeds with full sinking bottom, high germination rate, strong vitality and no plant diseases and insect pests for later use;

And a second step of: seed disinfection treatment: pouring the seeds obtained by carefully selecting into a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 2% -3% at 40-50 ℃, continuously stirring, taking out after 30 minutes, and flushing with clear water for 2 times;

And a third step of: the germination accelerating is carried out by adopting an alternate mode of water immersion and air drying: immersing the seeds washed clean by clean water into warm water at 40 ℃ and the water surface is 10cm higher than the seeds, immersing the seeds for 12 hours, taking out the seeds and spreading the seeds in a container, and placing the seeds in a room at 20-26 ℃ to hasten germination for 4 hours; soaking seeds in 40 deg.c warm water for 12 hr, taking out, spreading in a container, and germinating in 20-26 deg.c room for 4 hr to ensure the water, temperature and oxygen for germination, and taking out after 7-10 days of seed coat cracking.

6. A cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the sowing comprises: timely sowing the germinated seeds into prepared light matrix nutrition bags or nutrition bowls, sowing 2-3 grains in each container, sowing depth of 3-5cm, covering 1-2cm of moist soil, and covering with pine needles; shading with sunshade net to preserve moisture and heat, prevent burn and bird injury, and ensure regular emergence.

7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling stage management comprises:

removing the cover: in a rainy day after the seeds germinate and come out of the soil, removing the pine needles covered on the nutrition bags or the nutrition bowls, and timely spraying 0.2% carbendazim solution to prevent diseases;

Weeding and seedling: the seedlings need to be careful to prevent bird damage from the soil emergence to the falling of the seed shells, the seedlings are thinned after being planted for half a month, each nutrition bag or each nutrition pot keeps 1 Huashan pine seedling, and weeds are removed in time according to the principles of early removal, small removal and removal;

Pest control: the insect pest is prevented and treated by spraying and killing 50% dichlorvos emulsion 1000-1500 times or trichlorfon 1000-1500 times; the disease control is carried out by spraying Barduo liquid or 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid in a ratio of 1:1:100;

and (5) out of the garden: the seedling height reaches more than 10cm, and Miao Gan turns yellow and is fully lignified, so that the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery;

Wherein, the water needed by the growth of the Huashansong seedlings during the seedling management period mainly depends on local rainfall, and the seedling survival rate is improved by adopting artificial auxiliary watering in due time when meeting continuous drought or high-temperature climate.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation time of the container seedlings in the China pine rainy season is 4-6 months.

9. Use of container seedlings of huashanea in a rainy season cultivated by a cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-8 for improving survival rate of huashanea forestation.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized by the steps of:

the forestation adopts plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 2m or 2m multiplied by 3m, the seedling amount for each mu is 111 plants or 167 plants, and the specification of each hole is 40cm multiplied by 30cm;

The afforestation time is 7-8 months of concentrated rainfall, the container seedlings are carried to the dug afforestation cave sides from nursery lands, non-woven fabrics at the bottom of the container are torn, the seedlings are placed in the cave center, the soil is covered in layers and compacted, then the soil is covered to the root positions of the original seedlings, a circular soil disc is built around the ground surface taking the seedling trunk as the center after planting, the periphery of the seedling trunk is slightly higher, gradually lower outwards, and the disc sides are slightly higher, so that water retention is facilitated.