CN117887169A - 一种高阻燃的增强聚丙烯复合材料 - Google Patents
一种高阻燃的增强聚丙烯复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种天然竹纤维和磷酯化β‑环糊精的高阻燃性增强聚丙烯复合材料;本发明中天然竹纤维和磷酯化β‑环糊精的高阻燃性增强聚丙烯复合材料包括以下重量份计的组分:聚丙烯树脂70‑90份、天然竹纤维5‑15份、偶联剂0‑5份、磷酯化β‑环糊精10‑30份、加工助剂0.1‑1份和抗氧剂0.1‑1份,其中竹纤维平均长度为5‑50mm。所述聚丙烯复合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:S1.使用较低浓度的碱溶液处理天然竹纤维,除去其中木质素等非纤维素物质;S2.将对苯甲基膦酰二氯和β‑环糊精通过界面缩合反应得到磷酯化β‑环糊精;S3.按比例称取各组分均匀混合后注入挤出机,再经过挤出造粒即可得到高阻燃性的增强聚丙烯复合材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚合物改性及加工领域,尤其涉及一种天然竹纤维和磷酯化物协同作用增强阻燃聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚丙烯(PP)凭借其物理化学性质稳定、易于加工等优点,已被广泛应用于家居装饰、生活器具以及航空航天领域。但是聚丙烯作为一种热塑性碳基聚合物,其通常具有易燃性,一旦发生火灾,将可能造成巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,再加上聚丙烯并不出色的力学性能,大大限制了其应用。
天然竹纤维具有质量轻、强度大、储量丰富以及成本低等优点。并且竹子生长周期短,属于可再生资源,能够在自然条件下实现自发降解而不对环境产生危害,做到绿色环保。以天然竹纤维作为增强剂,开发具有可降解性的高性能竹纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料,一方面能降低材料的生产成本,给生产厂家企业带来巨大的经济上的效益,另一方面也能够实现环境保护而带来巨大的社会效益,是一种极具发展前途的“绿色、环保、低碳、可再生”材料。
在设计竹纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料中,其关注点在于二者相容性。天然竹纤维表面含有大量极性的羟基,表新出亲水性,而聚丙烯不含亲水基团,是一种典型的疏水聚合物,因此二者之间的界面结合力非常弱,甚至会出现团聚现象,难以获得综合力学性能优异的复合材料。综上,改善竹纤维于聚丙烯基体之间的相容性,是制备高性能竹纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的技术关键。
此外,阻燃性也是聚丙烯改性研究中的一个重要方向,阻燃聚丙烯也是关乎电器安全的重要应用材料。其阻燃性常通过填充阻燃剂来实现,一般都是使用卤素有机物作为阻燃剂,如十二溴醚或八溴二苯乙烷等,但是在标准UL94的V0阻燃性等级测试中,十二溴醚常常无发达到标准中要求的不引燃脱脂棉,只有大量增加阻燃剂使用量,才可以勉强满足要求,但实际上过量的添加填充剂对力学性能又会造成影响。在一些加工中,卤素阻燃剂也会存在耐热不足,无法平衡加工便利性以及分散性问题,使得产品阻燃不合格。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种力学性能优异且具有阻燃性的天然竹纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料仪器制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现:一种竹纤维和磷脂化β-环糊精的阻燃性增强聚丙烯复合材料制备方法,包括如下步骤。
S1.使用较低浓度的碱溶液处理天然竹纤维,除去其中木质素等非纤维素物质;
S2.将对苯甲基膦酰二氯和β-环糊精通过界面缩合反应得到磷酯化β-环糊精;
S3.按比例称取S1和S2中各组分均匀混合后注入挤出机。
进一步来说,在S1中碱溶液处理天然竹纤维之前需要将竹纤维经过热处理,用纯水洗涤烘干后,在50℃的温水中处理2h,接着再煮沸1h。然后将热处理的竹纤维按1:60的比例浸泡在0.6wt%的稀NaOH溶液中。
进一步来说,在S2步骤中对苯甲基膦酰二氯和β-环糊精的酯化通过界面缩合反应完成,得到的磷酯化β-环糊精为白色固体,用乙醇和去离子水依次洗涤两次,再在50℃真空条件下干燥。
进一步来说,在S3步骤加工温度为175-195℃。
进一步来说,本发明涉及到的高阻燃性的增强聚丙烯复合材料,其重量组分包括如下:聚丙烯树脂70-90份、天然竹纤维5-15份、偶联剂0-5份、磷酯化β-环糊精10-30份、加工助剂0.1-1份和抗氧剂0.1-1份。
优选地,包括以下重量组分:聚丙烯树脂70-85份、天然竹纤维10-15份、偶联剂3-5份、磷酯化β-环糊精15-25份、抗氧剂0.1-1份以及加工助剂0.1-1份。
优选地,所选聚丙烯为均聚聚丙烯,且其熔融指数(在220℃、2.20kg条件下)为10-60g/min。
优选地,所述天然竹纤维长度为5-50mm。
优选地,所述偶联剂包括马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)、马来酸酐三丁酯接枝聚丙烯中的一种或多种,更进一步优选马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)作偶联剂。
优选地,所述的抗氧化剂包括2,6二叔丁基-4-甲酚、β-(4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯基)丙酸、正十八碳酸醇酯、亚硫酸三丁酯、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚、季戊四醇四(3-月桂基硫代丙酸酯)中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述的加工助剂包括润滑剂、分散剂、增白剂、抗老化剂中的至少一种。所述加工助剂均为行业的通用组分。
本发明具有的有益效果是:
(1)相较于玻璃纤维,天然竹纤维具有产量高、成本低、较高比模量和较低比重的特点,更加绿色环保。
(2)本发明采用了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)作为天然竹纤维与聚丙烯之间的偶联剂,该偶联剂马来酸酐端可以与竹纤维表面丰富的羟基反应,聚丙烯端又可以和聚丙烯基体相互融和,从而有效提高两者之间的的界面结合力,并使竹纤维能在聚丙烯基体内尽可能均匀分散,进一步获得高性能的竹纤维增强聚丙烯。
(3)本发明采用了对苯甲基膦酰二氯和β-环糊精的酯化产物磷酯化β-环糊精作为阻燃填充剂,该阻燃剂中的β-环糊精是由淀粉酶剂制备的环状低聚糖,具有良好的热稳定性和成碳效果,燃烧时可在基体表面形成膨胀型保护碳层,阻止燃烧;除此之外,酯化物中还引入了磷元素,磷元素燃烧后会形成磷系衍生物,如聚磷酸等,其具有强脱水性,也可以促进羟基化合物脱水形成碳层,达到阻燃效果。
具体实施方法
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下获得的所有实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例、对比例中,所使用的实验方法入伍特殊说明,均为常规方法,所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
下述实施例和对比例中,如无特殊说明,抗氧化剂、加工助剂等均由市售获得,且平行实验中使用的是同一种。
实施例1
一种天然竹纤维和磷酯化β-环糊精改性的高阻燃性增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.将天然竹纤维洗涤烘干后,在50℃的温水中处理2h,然后在煮沸0.5h。烘干后,再将热处理的竹纤维与0.6wt%的NaOH溶液按1:60的比例浸泡,除去其中的非纤维素物质。
S2.对苯甲基膦酰二氯和β-环糊精的酯化通过界面缩合反应完成,得到的磷酯化β-环糊精为白色固体,用乙醇和去离子水依次洗涤两次,再在50℃真空条件下干燥。
S3.按重量称取10份竹纤维、20份磷酯化β-环糊精、5份偶联剂(MAPP)、一份抗氧剂、0.5份加工助剂以及85份聚丙烯树脂。将上述原料混合均匀后,加入双螺杆挤出机中基础造粒,得到聚丙烯复合材料。
实施例2
按重量称取20份竹纤维、20份磷酯化β-环糊精、5份偶联剂(MAPP)、一份抗氧剂、0.5份加工助剂以及85份聚丙烯树脂。将上述原料混合均匀后,加入双螺杆挤出机中基础造粒,得到聚丙烯复合材料。
实施例3
按重量称取30份竹纤维、20份磷酯化β-环糊精、5份偶联剂(MAPP)、一份抗氧剂、0.5份加工助剂以及85份聚丙烯树脂。将上述原料混合均匀后,加入双螺杆挤出机中基础造粒,得到聚丙烯复合材料。
实施例4
按重量称取20份竹纤维、10份磷酯化β-环糊精、5份偶联剂(MAPP)、一份抗氧剂、0.5份加工助剂以及85份聚丙烯树脂。将上述原料混合均匀后,加入双螺杆挤出机中基础造粒,得到聚丙烯复合材料。
实施例5
按重量称取20份竹纤维、30份磷酯化β-环糊精、5份偶联剂(MAPP)、一份抗氧剂、0.5份加工助剂以及85份聚丙烯树脂。将上述原料混合均匀后,加入双螺杆挤出机中基础造粒,得到聚丙烯复合材料。
对比例1
按重量称取0份竹纤维、20份磷酯化β-环糊精、5份偶联剂(MAPP)、一份抗氧剂、0.5份加工助剂以及85份聚丙烯树脂。将上述原料混合均匀后,加入双螺杆挤出机中基础造粒,得到聚丙烯复合材料。
对比例2
按重量称取20份竹纤维、0份磷酯化β-环糊精、5份偶联剂(MAPP)、一份抗氧剂、0.5份加工助剂以及95份聚丙烯树脂。将上述原料混合均匀后,加入双螺杆挤出机中基础造粒,得到聚丙烯复合材料。
对比例3
按重量称取0份竹纤维、0份磷酯化β-环糊精、5份偶联剂(MAPP)、一份抗氧剂、0.5份加工助剂以及95份聚丙烯树脂。将上述原料混合均匀后,加入双螺杆挤出机中基础造粒,得到聚丙烯复合材料。
表1实施例和对比例配方
表2测试方法和标准
表3阻燃性测试结果
表4力学性能测试
由以上的测试结果可以得知,本发明通过控制竹纤维和磷酯化β-环糊精与聚丙烯树脂之间的重量比例,得到的复合聚丙烯材料阻燃性能与综合力学性能最优的为实施例2。
从表3中的数据可以得知,没有添加阻燃剂的对比例2和对比例3,其最终制备的0.8mm和1.6mm规格的聚丙烯样条燃烧性能都是HB级别。实施例3-5中,随着阻燃剂磷酯化β-环糊精的添加量逐渐增多,复合聚丙烯材料的阻燃性能越来越好,当其添加分数达到30后,在0.8mm和1.6mm两种规格下的阻燃聚丙烯复合材料燃烧性能都能达到V-0级别,这证明了本发明中磷酯化β-环糊精组分对于提高聚丙烯基体阻燃性能的贡献。
从表4中对比例3和实施例2的测试结果可知,经过天然竹纤维增强的聚丙烯复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度两项指标均优于未添加竹纤维的聚丙烯材料,而且随着竹纤维的含量提高可以在实施例1到实施例3中发现,样条的拉伸强度和冲击强度呈现先增加后减小的特征,这是由于竹纤维含量过多使得基体聚丙烯之间相互作用减弱引起。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式,不应看作是对其他实施例的排除,而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境,并能够在本文所述构想范围内,通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围,则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种高阻燃的增强聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,以质量份计:聚丙烯树脂70-85份、天然竹纤维10-15份、偶联剂3-5份、磷酯化β-环糊精15-25份、抗氧剂0.1-1份以及加工助剂0.1-1份。
2.如权利要求1所述的高阻燃的增强聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述的聚丙烯为均聚聚丙烯或丙烯与乙烯的无规共聚物中的一种或两种组合,所述的聚丙烯的熔融指数为10-60g/min。
3.如权利要求1所述的高阻燃的增强聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述的天然竹纤维长度为5-50mm。
4.如权利要求1所述的高阻燃的增强聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述偶联剂包括马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)、马来酸酐三丁酯接枝聚丙烯中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的高阻燃的增强聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述的抗氧化剂包括2,6二叔丁基-4-甲酚、β-(4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯基)丙酸、正十八碳酸醇酯、亚硫酸三丁酯、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚、季戊四醇四(3-月桂基硫代丙酸酯)中的一种或多种。
6.如权利要求1所述的高阻燃的增强聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,其制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.使用较低浓度的碱溶液处理天然竹纤维,除去其中木质素等非纤维素物质;S2.将对苯甲基膦酰二氯和β-环糊精通过界面缩合反应得到磷酯化β-环糊精;S3.按比例称取S1和S2中各组分均匀混合后注入挤出机;
包括以下重量份计的组分:聚丙烯树脂70-90份、天然竹纤维5-15份、偶联剂1-5份、磷酯化β-环糊精10-30份、抗氧剂0.1-1份以及加工助剂0.1-1份;
所述竹纤维未经处理;
所述磷酯化β-环糊精由对苯甲基膦酰二氯和β环糊精反应制备。
7.如权利要求6所述的高阻燃的增强聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,S1步骤中天然竹纤维经过热处理,洗涤烘干后,在50℃的温水中处理2h,然后再煮沸1h。
8.如权利要求6所述的高阻燃的增强聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,在S1步骤中将经过热处理后的天然竹纤维与0.6wt%的烯NaOH溶液按1:60的比例浸泡。
9.如权利要求6所述的高阻燃的增强聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,在S2步骤中对苯甲基膦酰二氯和β-环糊精的酯化通过界面缩合反应完成,得到的磷酯化β-环糊精为白色固体,用乙醇和去离子水依次洗涤两次,再在50℃真空条件下干燥。
10.如权利要求6所述的高阻燃的增强聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,在S3步骤加工温度为175-195℃。
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