CN117882606A - Single-dry double-arm grape tree-shaped cultivation method suitable for soil-buried cold prevention - Google Patents
Single-dry double-arm grape tree-shaped cultivation method suitable for soil-buried cold prevention Download PDFInfo
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- CN117882606A CN117882606A CN202410070196.5A CN202410070196A CN117882606A CN 117882606 A CN117882606 A CN 117882606A CN 202410070196 A CN202410070196 A CN 202410070196A CN 117882606 A CN117882606 A CN 117882606A
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- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title description 3
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000017784 Mespilus germanica Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000182216 Mimusops elengi Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000000560 Mimusops elengi Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000007837 Vangueria infausta Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-IEBWSBKVSA-N (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1s,3s)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@@H]1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-IEBWSBKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application discloses a single-dry double-arm grape tree-shaped cultivation method suitable for soil-buried cold prevention, which relates to the technical field of grape cultivation and comprises the following steps of: first year: planting the seedlings, fixing the tips of the seedlings, and pruning in winter; in spring of the next year, carrying out soil emergence and seedling raising treatment; in the second annual growing season, the female branches of the grape seedlings in the last year are respectively reserved with inflorescences of 2-3 fruiting branches, and two reserved preparation branches at the lower part are subjected to vegetative growth; in winter of the second year, the two fruiting parent branches at the upper part are cut off, and two buds are reserved as new preparation branches; respectively retaining 3-5 buds of the two-year-old branches at the lower part, trimming, and then burying soil; and repeating the second year cultivation mode in the third year, wherein the grape seedlings are cultivated by adopting a single-dry double-arm hedge frame. The application establishes the leaf medlar tissue culture system, has simple tree structure and strong light transmittance, is convenient for pruning, reduces the cost of the operations of putting the grape into the soil and putting the grape on the frame, and improves the working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a single-trunk double-arm grape tree-shaped cultivation method suitable for soil-buried cold protection.
Background
Grape is one of fruits with larger planting area in China, the grape and wine industry in China develops rapidly in recent years, the variety structure of the grape is continuously rich, and the grape is gradually developed from fresh grape to wine grape, dry grape and juice grape full coverage. The northwest region is a main grape producing region in China, has sufficient sunlight, little continuous cloudy days and large day-night temperature difference, and is very suitable for grape production; in addition, due to the unique climate conditions in northwest areas, the planted grapes have high sugar content, moderate acid content and aromatic flavor, and the grape quality is obviously superior to other areas in China.
However, as the winter in northwest areas is cold, the outdoor grape cultivation must be carried out with the soil buried and cold-proof, the air temperature reaches about 10 ℃ in spring in the coming year, and the grape is carried out with the soil again and put on the shelf, the cold-proof mode has large workload, high labor intensity and low operation efficiency, and severely restricts the development of the grape industry in northwest areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the single-dry double-arm grape tree-shaped cultivation method suitable for soil-buried cold prevention is simple in tree structure, strong in light transmittance, convenient to trim, easy to adjust load capacity, convenient to manage, capable of reducing the cost of lifting and putting the grape on the shelf during soil burying and improving working efficiency.
The application provides a single-dry double-arm grape tree-shaped cultivation method suitable for soil-buried cold prevention, which comprises the following steps:
Step S1, planting seedlings: in spring of the first year, selecting strong grape seedlings with good quality and plump bud, and performing close planting and field planting, wherein the grape seedlings are cultivated by adopting a single-dry double-arm hedge frame;
step S2, seedling tip fixing: the fixedly planted grape seedlings retain 4-5 bud eyes, the plant spacing between two adjacent grape seedlings is 0.8-1.2 m, the line spacing is 2-2.5 m, when new shoots of the grape seedlings grow to 6-7 months, and the lower part is semi-lignified, fixed drying treatment is carried out to ensure that the trunk height is 0.15-0.2 m, tendrils are removed, and 4-5 new shoots are cultivated;
step S3, pruning in winter: in winter of the first year, selecting two young shoots with strong growth on the upper part of the grape seedling, retaining 3-5 buds on each young shoot, trimming, taking the young shoots as fruiting parent branches of the coming year, retaining two buds on two branches on the lower part of the grape seedling, and taking the two branches as preparation branches, burying soil on the grape seedling 10-15 days before soil freezing, wherein the burying soil thickness is controlled between 0.2 cm and 0.3 cm;
S4, in spring of the next year, when the soil temperature reaches about 10 ℃, carrying out soil emergence and seedling lifting treatment on the grape seedlings;
Step S5, in the second growing season, respectively retaining inflorescences of 2-3 fruiting branches of the fruiting parent branches of the last year of the grape seedlings, carrying out nutrition growth on two reserved preparation branches at the lower part of the grape seedlings, and wiping off flower buds on the two reserved preparation branches to avoid forming new shoots;
S6, in winter of the second year, cutting two fruiting parent branches at the upper part of the grape seedling, and reserving two buds as new preparation branches; the two-year branches at the lower part of the grape seedling are respectively reserved with 3-5 buds and then trimmed, so that as a result mother branch in the third year, soil burying treatment is carried out 10-15 days before soil sealing, and the soil burying thickness is controlled to be 0.2-0.3 cm;
step S7, repeating the step S4 in spring of the third year:
step S8, repeating the step S5 in the growing season of the third year;
step S9, repeating step S6 in winter in the third year.
According to some embodiments of the application, the height of the fence is controlled to be 1.3-1.6 m.
According to some embodiments of the application, the fence frame is provided with three iron wires, and the distance between two adjacent iron wires is 40cm.
The grape tree has the beneficial effects that compared with perennial branches, the annual branches of the grape have the advantages of low lignification degree, high toughness, strong setting capacity, convenience in supporting and vine pressing, and the like; secondly, the cultivation method reduces the cost of the operations of putting the grape on the shelf and putting the grape on the shelf, can realize one-time pruning and soil burying by utilizing mechanization, reduces the damage to the tree body caused by multiple vines pressing, and greatly improves the working efficiency.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process of single-dry double-arm grape tree cultivation suitable for soil-buried cold protection according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the application.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that references to orientation descriptions such as upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, the description of the first and second is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of technical features indicated or the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present application, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection, etc. should be construed broadly and the specific meaning of the terms in the present application can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific contents of the technical scheme.
Grape is one of fruits with larger planting area in China, the grape and wine industry in China develops rapidly in recent years, the variety structure of the grape is continuously rich, and the grape is gradually developed from fresh grape to wine grape, dry grape and juice grape full coverage. The northwest region is a main grape producing region in China, has sufficient sunlight, little continuous cloudy days and large day-night temperature difference, and is very suitable for grape production; in addition, due to the unique climate conditions in northwest areas, the planted grapes have high sugar content, moderate acid content and aromatic flavor, and the grape quality is obviously superior to other areas in China.
However, as the winter in northwest areas is cold, the outdoor grape cultivation must be carried out with the soil buried and cold-proof, the air temperature reaches about 10 ℃ in spring in the coming year, and the grape is carried out with the soil again and put on the shelf, the cold-proof mode has large workload, high labor intensity and low operation efficiency, and severely restricts the development of the grape industry in northwest areas.
Aiming at solving the problems, the application provides a single-trunk double-arm grape tree-shaped cultivation method suitable for soil-buried cold prevention, and the embodiment of the application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the application provides a single-trunk double-arm grape tree-shaped cultivation method suitable for soil-buried cold prevention, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, planting seedlings: in spring of the first year, selecting strong grape seedlings with good quality and plump bud, and performing close planting and field planting, wherein the grape seedlings are cultivated by adopting a single-dry double-arm hedge frame;
Step S2, seedling tip fixing: retaining 4-5 bud eyes on the fixedly planted grape seedlings, wherein the plant spacing between two adjacent grape seedlings is between 0.8-1.2 m, the line spacing is between 2-2.5 m, and when the young shoots of the grape seedlings grow to 6-7 months and the lower part is semi-lignified, performing fixed drying treatment to ensure that the trunk height is between 0.15-0.2 m, removing tendrils, and culturing 4-5 young shoots;
Step S3, pruning in winter: in winter in the first year, selecting two new shoots with strong growth on the upper part of grape seedlings, retaining 3-5 buds on each new shoot, trimming, taking as a female branch as a result of the last year, retaining two buds on two branches on the lower part of the grape seedlings, performing chopping treatment, taking as a preparation branch, performing soil burying treatment on the grape seedlings 10-15 days before soil freezing, and controlling the soil burying thickness to be 0.2-0.3 cm;
S4, in spring of the next year, when the soil temperature reaches about 10 ℃, carrying out soil emergence and seedling lifting treatment on grape seedlings;
Step S5, in the second growing season, respectively reserving inflorescences of 2-3 fruiting branches of the fruiting parent branches of the grape seedlings in the last year, carrying out vegetative growth on two reserved branches at the lower part of the grape seedlings, and wiping off flower buds on the reserved branches to avoid forming new shoots;
S6, in winter in the next year, cutting two fruiting parent branches at the upper part of the grape seedling, and reserving two buds as new preparation branches; respectively retaining 3-5 buds of two-year-old branches at the lower part of grape seedlings, and then trimming to obtain a mother branch as a result of the third year, carrying out soil burying treatment 10-15 days before soil sealing, wherein the soil burying thickness is controlled to be 0.2-0.3 cm;
step S7, repeating the step S4 in spring of the third year:
step S8, repeating the step S5 in the growing season of the third year;
step S9, repeating step S6 in winter in the third year.
It should be noted that 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 in FIG. 1 each represent a young shoot, 2-1, 2-6, 3-3, 3-4 each represent a nutrition branch, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 3-1, 3-2, 3-5, 3-6 each represent a fruiting branch; ①、②、③、④ Represents the current year lignified branch after winter pruning, ①、② is used as the main fruiting parent branch in the coming years, and ③、④ is mainly used for culturing nutrition branches.
It should be noted that the grape tree shape combines the characteristic of strong young sprout fruiting ability, and the income per mu can be expected to be improved by 500 yuan under the condition of ensuring reasonable water and fertilizer supply and reasonable load capacity in the northwest soil-buried cold-proof area.
Specifically, first, step one: dwarfing and closely planting robust grape seedlings in spring of the first year, wherein the plant spacing is 0.8-1.2 m, the row spacing is 2-2.5 m, when the young shoots grow to 6-7 months, the lower part is basically semi-lignified, drying is carried out, the trunk height is 0.15-0.2 m, tendrils are removed, and four robust young shoots are cultivated; when trimming in winter, respectively reserving 3-5 buds for the two new shoots at the upper part, wherein 2 buds are reserved for the two branches at the lower part as nutrition branches as fruiting parent branches in the coming year; burying soil before the soil temperature approaches 0 ℃ in winter and is not frozen, controlling the thickness of the buried soil to be 0.2-0.3 cm by using small mechanical equipment, and if part of branches are exposed, properly burying the branches again to ensure that the branches are fully buried; the specific soil layer thickness depends on the region, the ambient temperature and the variety characteristics.
Secondly, step two: removing surface soil by using a grape winter protection soil remover before the soil temperature reaches 10 ℃ in spring of the next year, and lifting seedlings by using a seedling lifting machine; the female branches of the fruiting of the last year are respectively reserved with inflorescences of 2-3 fruiting branches, two reserved preparation branches at the lower part are subjected to nutrition growth, flower buds on the two preparation branches are wiped off, new shoots are prevented from being formed, and sufficient nutrient supply required by nutrition growth is ensured; when winter is reached, the two fruiting parent branches at the upper part are cut off, 2 buds are reserved and used as new preparation branches; the two-year branches at the lower part are respectively reserved with 3-5 buds to be trimmed, and the two-year branches are used as fruiting branches in the third year, and the soil burying method is the same as the first step.
Finally, other management is normal, and then the pruning and soil burying modes of the second step are repeated annually.
Compared with perennial branches, the annual branches of the grapes have the advantages of low lignification degree, high toughness, strong setting capacity, convenience in putting down and pressing vines and the like, and the annual branches are utilized to design a new grape tree form suitable for winter mechanized soil-buried cold-proof short-shelf cultivation, and the new grape tree form has the advantages of simple structure, strong light transmittance, convenience in pruning, easiness in adjustment of load capacity and convenience in management; secondly, the cultivation method reduces the cost of the operations of putting the grape on the shelf and putting the grape on the shelf, can realize one-time pruning and soil burying by utilizing mechanization, reduces the damage to the tree body caused by multiple vines pressing, and greatly improves the working efficiency.
It will be appreciated that the height of the picket fence is controlled to be 1.3 to 1.6m.
It is understood that the hedge frame is provided with three iron wires, and the distance between two adjacent iron wires is 40cm.
The grape tree shape in the application adopts a single-arm hedge frame cultivation mode, the height of the hedge frame is controlled to be 1.3 m-1.6 m, three iron wires are pulled up from the hedge frame, and the distance between the three iron wires is 40cm.
In some embodiments, the first wire is 50cm from the ground, the distance between two adjacent wires is set to 40cm, and the height of the fence frame is 1.3m; in some embodiments, the first wire is 55cm from the ground, the spacing between two adjacent wires is set to 40cm, and the height of the fence frame is 1.45m; in some embodiments, the first iron wire is 60cm from the ground, the distance between two adjacent iron wires is set to 45cm, and the height of the fence frame is 1.5m; in other embodiments, the first wire is 60cm from the ground, the spacing between adjacent wires is set to 50cm, and the height of the fence frame is 1.6m.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present application, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the application, such changes and modifications are also intended to be within the scope of the application.
While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. The method for cultivating the single-dry double-arm grape tree shape suitable for soil-buried cold prevention is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step S1, planting seedlings: in spring of the first year, selecting strong grape seedlings with good quality and plump bud, and performing close planting and field planting, wherein the grape seedlings are cultivated by adopting a single-dry double-arm hedge frame;
step S2, seedling tip fixing: the fixedly planted grape seedlings retain 4-5 bud eyes, the plant spacing between two adjacent grape seedlings is 0.8-1.2 m, the line spacing is 2-2.5 m, when new shoots of the grape seedlings grow to 6-7 months, and the lower part is semi-lignified, fixed drying treatment is carried out to ensure that the trunk height is 0.15-0.2 m, tendrils are removed, and 4-5 new shoots are cultivated;
step S3, pruning in winter: in winter of the first year, selecting two young shoots with strong growth on the upper part of the grape seedling, retaining 3-5 buds on each young shoot, trimming, taking the young shoots as fruiting parent branches of the coming year, retaining two buds on two branches on the lower part of the grape seedling, and taking the two branches as preparation branches, burying soil on the grape seedling 10-15 days before soil freezing, wherein the burying soil thickness is controlled between 0.2 cm and 0.3 cm;
S4, in spring of the next year, when the soil temperature reaches about 10 ℃, carrying out soil emergence and seedling lifting treatment on the grape seedlings;
Step S5, in the second growing season, respectively retaining inflorescences of 2-3 fruiting branches of the fruiting parent branches of the last year of the grape seedlings, carrying out nutrition growth on two reserved preparation branches at the lower part of the grape seedlings, and wiping off flower buds on the two reserved preparation branches to avoid forming new shoots;
S6, in winter of the second year, cutting two fruiting parent branches at the upper part of the grape seedling, and reserving two buds as new preparation branches; the two-year branches at the lower part of the grape seedling are respectively reserved with 3-5 buds and then trimmed, so that as a result mother branch in the third year, soil burying treatment is carried out 10-15 days before soil sealing, and the soil burying thickness is controlled to be 0.2-0.3 cm;
step S7, repeating the step S4 in spring of the third year:
step S8, repeating the step S5 in the growing season of the third year;
step S9, repeating step S6 in winter in the third year.
2. The method for cultivating a single-dry double-arm grape tree shape suitable for soil-buried cold protection according to claim 1, wherein the height of the fence is controlled to be 1.3-1.6 m.
3. The method for cultivating a single-dry double-arm grape tree shape suitable for soil-buried cold protection according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein three iron wires are arranged on the fence frame, and the distance between two adjacent iron wires is 40cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410070196.5A CN117882606A (en) | 2024-01-18 | 2024-01-18 | Single-dry double-arm grape tree-shaped cultivation method suitable for soil-buried cold prevention |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410070196.5A CN117882606A (en) | 2024-01-18 | 2024-01-18 | Single-dry double-arm grape tree-shaped cultivation method suitable for soil-buried cold prevention |
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| CN117882606A true CN117882606A (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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