CN114946513B - Simple grape covering overwintering method for buried cultivation area - Google Patents
Simple grape covering overwintering method for buried cultivation area Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946513B CN114946513B CN202210544812.7A CN202210544812A CN114946513B CN 114946513 B CN114946513 B CN 114946513B CN 202210544812 A CN202210544812 A CN 202210544812A CN 114946513 B CN114946513 B CN 114946513B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0231—Tunnels, i.e. protective full coverings for rows of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the field of planting, and particularly discloses a matched management method for simple covering and overwintering of grapes in a buried soil cultivation area, which comprises the following steps: during winter pruning, middle shoots are pruned on the annual branches, and irrigation is carried out after pruning; covering the whole row of grapes with a heat-insulating material before the minimum temperature at night falls to-5 ℃; irrigation and water supplementing are carried out before and after the 2 months of early spring of the second year; raising the heat-insulating material at the east side of the planting row when the highest temperature in the daytime is higher than 15 ℃ and the lowest temperature in the night is not lower than minus 5 ℃ for 2 continuous days in the middle of 3 months; completely removing heat-insulating materials and irrigating in the late 3 month when local peaches bloom; and (3) supplementing and cutting the tree body before the current injury at the bottom of 3 months. The application provides a matched cultivation management method aiming at a simple grape covering and overwintering technology in a buried soil cultivation area, and optimizes the time and the mode of pruning, irrigation, covering by a heat-insulating material, each measure and the like so as to ensure that grape trees safely overwintere and ensure the next year of yield.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a simple grape covering and overwintering method in a buried soil cultivation area.
Background
In the Ji area of Jinjin in China, the grape vine is affected by the continental monsoon climate, the winter and spring are cold and dry, the snow fall is small, the root system can be prevented from being frozen only by burying the grape vine body in soil, meanwhile, the moisture of branches and tendrils is kept, and the safe overwintering is realized, so that the habit has been extended for thousands of years. A series of problems with buried overwintering include: the cold-proof labor cost is too high, and the buried soil and the upper and lower frames occupy 30% of the annual labor; the buried soil is easy to cause mechanical damage to the tree body, so that the grape vine is difficult to grow into the old vine, and the fruit quality is influenced; the wine grape with processing purpose can not realize late harvest, and the development of the late harvest wine industry is limited; in addition, the winter protection needs to break the soil, the soil in the field planting rows and between the rows can be loosened and exposed in winter, and the environment is extremely polluted by flying dust and diffusing in the windy days, so that the field planting row is not in line with the development level of the environment-friendly modern ecological agriculture. Aiming at the defects, the simple covering and embedding-free overwintering cultivation technology starts to develop in the areas of Beijing, hebei and the like, and the technology is mature through years of experiments. The technical key point is that a hedge frame is adopted for cultivation, a cold-proof facility (such as a cotton quilt) is covered on grape branches before overwintering, and grape vines can safely overwintere without being put down in a frame and buried in soil.
Compared with the traditional buried soil, the simple covering overwintering technology does not put the grape vine down, so that the position of grape branches and tendrils from the ground is increased, the environment where the grape vine body is located during the overwintering is also changed, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) The humidity of the branches and tendrils in the cover is lower than that of the branches and tendrils in the conventional buried soil, the humidity fluctuation of the branches and tendrils in the cover is obviously higher than that of the branches and tendrils in the conventional buried soil, and the humidity change of the branches and tendrils in the cover is 22-94% by taking the example of covering cotton quilts from 12 months in 2020 to 3 months in 2021 in Beijing area (extremely low temperature in winter in the current year); (2) The temperature fluctuation of the branches and tendrils in the covering is obviously larger than that of the branches and tendrils in the conventional buried soil, and in the case of covering the branches and tendrils in the conventional buried soil in the period of winter by using cotton quilts in the year of 12 months in 2020 to 3 months in 2021 in Beijing area, the temperature change of the branches and tendrils in the conventional buried soil is 11 ℃ below zero to 20 ℃, the temperature change of the branches and tendrils in the covering is 19 ℃ below zero to 34 ℃, and the temperature difference is 22 ℃ higher than that of the conventional buried soil. The simple overwintering technology changes the environment of branches and tendrils in the overwintering period, and the corresponding cultivation management system is also changed, wherein whether the key technology is applied directly determines whether the tree can safely overwintere and whether the next year yield is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the technical problem of ensuring that the simply covered grape vines can safely pass through winter in a buried soil cultivation area and ensuring the yield in the next year.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a method for simply covering grape in a soil-buried cultivation area for overwintering, which comprises the following steps of: 1) During winter pruning, middle-tip pruning is carried out on the annual branches, irrigation is carried out after pruning, and the grapes in the whole planting row are covered by a heat-insulating material before the minimum temperature at night is reduced to minus 5 ℃; 2) Irrigation and water supplementing are carried out in early spring of the next year, the heat insulation material on the east side of the planting row is lifted when the highest temperature in the daytime is higher than 15 ℃ and the lowest temperature in the night is not lower than minus 5 ℃ in the day of 2 days in 3 months, the heat insulation material is completely removed and irrigated when local peaches bloom in the next ten days of 3 months, and branches subjected to middle-tip pruning are supplemented and sheared before the current is injured by the tree body at the bottom of 3 months.
The soil-buried cultivation area is a Jinjin Ji and climate-similar area, and the area is a traditional soil-buried cultivation area for grapes.
The grape is simply covered, and the grape is not put down in a frame in winter and buried in soil, but is left on the frame and covered by a heat-insulating material. The heat-insulating material is covered by crossing the horizontal main vines (the distance between the horizontal main vines and the ground is about 70 cm), and is supported by lead wires and grape branches where the horizontal main vines are positioned, so that the heat-insulating material is shaped like a small arch shed, and all overground grape plant tissues are covered.
The grapes in the whole planting row are covered by the heat-insulating material, the soil is compacted at the edge of the heat-insulating material, and the row heads are tightly tied to ensure the sealing effect.
The heat-insulating material is an agricultural heat-insulating material with a certain ventilation effect, such as cotton quilts, grass curtains, cotton felts and the like.
The middle shoots are trimmed to leave 5-7 buds, and the length of the current annual branch is 20-30 cm.
Irrigation, optionally furrow irrigation, as described herein; and the irrigation standard is that the water holding capacity of the irrigation field is not less than 60% of the maximum field holding capacity.
The supplemental shears described herein, for short-tip trimming, leave 2-3 shoots alive at the base.
The next-year early spring is before and after the next-year second month.
The inventor provides a matched cultivation management method aiming at the simple grape covering and overwintering technology in the Jinjin Ji buried cultivation area in China, and optimizes the time and the mode of pruning, irrigation, covering with heat-insulating materials, and the like so as to ensure that grape trees safely live through winter and ensure the yield in the next year.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the grape middle pin of example 1 of the present application after trimming, which covers the inside (left side view) and outside (right side view) of the insulation material.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of an annual branch after overwintering in example 1 of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a safe overwintering and regular germination of a tree body after the mating technique of the application is used in example 1 of the application.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the application is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings that are presented to illustrate the application and not to limit the scope thereof. The examples provided below are intended as guidelines for further modifications by one of ordinary skill in the art and are not to be construed as limiting the application in any way.
The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods, and are carried out according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product specifications. Materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The grape variety' Ma Selan "Xiaomosen" Sila "Cabernet Sauvignon" in the examples below is a well-known grape variety and seedlings are commercially available.
Example 1
In 2019, the grape variety is 300 mu in total, such as ' Ma Selan ' Xiaomangsen ' Sila ' Cabernet Sauvignon ', and the tree ages are different from 2 years to 5 years, and a single-arm hedge frame is adopted.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Management before simple coverage:
A. after base fertilizer is applied in autumn and irrigation is carried out, when winter pruning is carried out in the beginning of 10 days to 11 months in 2019, attention is paid to that the current annual branches on the horizontal main vines are not needed to be pruned by short tips, 5-7 buds are reserved, the reserved length of the current annual branches is 20-30cm, the extension heads of the horizontal main vines are properly reserved according to the thickness and the space, and the parts with the thickness less than 1cm are pruned.
B. And (3) fully irrigating by using furrow irrigation after winter pruning, so that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity.
2) Management in the simple coverage process:
A. the thermal insulation material starts to be covered in the middle 11 months of 2019 in the whole garden, and the lowest temperature at night is finished before the temperature drops to minus 5 ℃ (before the beginning of 11 months to 12 months).
B. The insulation material is directly covered on the grape vine, the annual branches after middle-tip pruning can be supported by the insulation material, the edges of the insulation material are covered by taking soil between rows, compaction, particularly the western side, is prevented from being blown open by strong wind in early spring, and the row heads are tightly bound by using ropes, so that good tightness is ensured. The photographs of the grape middle-tips after trimming, which cover the inside and outside of the insulation material, are shown in fig. 1.
3) Simple covered management technology:
A. before and after the end of 2 months in early spring 2020 (from the last ten days of 2 months to the last ten days of 3 months), the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity, and the field water holding capacity is properly irrigated according to the requirements. And during irrigation, water is supplemented in the morning of sunny days, so that the humidity in the covering material is increased, the moisture of branches and tendrils is supplemented, and branches are prevented from being drained.
B. If the maximum temperature is higher than 15 ℃ in the day and the minimum temperature is not lower than-5 ℃ in the night in 2 days in the middle of 3 months, the cover on the east side of the planting row can be lifted, ventilated and cooled, the buds are prevented from sprouting in advance, and the tree body is gradually adapted. The western side is not required to be lifted, so that the branches and tendrils are prevented from being dried in the northwest wind in spring.
C. In the late 3 months, the cover can be thoroughly removed according to local indication of flowering of the plant mountain peach or development of winter buds of grape until the pompon stage. Local peaches at 20 a 3 months 2020 bloom, at which point direct removal of the cover begins. And (3) fully irrigating after removing the covering, so that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity, and supplementing the branch and vine water in time.
D. And (3) supplementing and cutting the tree body before the current injury at the bottom of 3 months. Generally, the top end of an annual branch with middle-tip pruning may be pumped out, but the basal 2-3 buds are still alive and full, and the pruning is carried out according to the short-tip pruning. The photograph of the annual branches after overwintering is shown in fig. 2, wherein the upper parts of the annual branches are drained, and the basal parts are not affected. When the branches are cut, the cut parts of the branches are fresh green and have sufficient water.
E. The sprouts of the varieties are tidy and consistent in the same year, and the phenomenon of branch and vine drainage does not occur, so that the phenomenon that the tree body is safe to overwinter is shown as shown in figure 3. And the germination period is determined according to the soil state whether the watering is needed again, so that other cultivation management measures are consistent with the conventional management.
The present application is described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application can be practiced in a wide range of equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the application and without undue experimentation. While the application has been described with respect to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that the application may be further modified. In general, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the application following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the application pertains. The application of some of the basic features may be done in accordance with the scope of the claims that follow.
Claims (2)
1. A method for simply covering grape in a buried cultivation area for overwintering, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1) During winter pruning, middle-tip pruning is carried out on the annual branches, irrigation is carried out after pruning, and the grapes in the whole planting row are covered by a heat-insulating material before the minimum temperature at night is reduced to minus 5 ℃; 2) Irrigation and water supplementing are carried out in early spring of the next year, the heat insulation material on the east side of the planting row is lifted when the highest temperature is higher than 15 ℃ in the daytime and the lowest temperature is not lower than minus 5 ℃ at night in 2 days in the middle of 3 months continuously, the heat insulation material is completely removed and irrigated when local peaches bloom in the late 3 months, and branches subjected to middle-tip pruning are supplemented and sheared before the current is injured by the tree body at the bottom of 3 months;
the heat insulation material is selected from cotton quilts, grass curtains or cotton felts;
the covering is that the grapes are not put down on a frame and buried with soil, but are left on the frame, the heat insulation material spans the horizontal main vines, the grapes of the whole planting row are covered, the soil is compacted at the edge of the heat insulation material, and the row heads are tightly bound;
the buried soil cultivation area is a Jingjin Ji and climate similar area;
the middle shoots are trimmed to leave 5-7 buds, and the retention length of the current annual branches is 20-30 cm;
the supplementary cutting is short-tip cutting, namely, 2-3 buds with fresh bases are cut on the branches.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the irrigation criterion is that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity.
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| CN202210544812.7A CN114946513B (en) | 2022-05-19 | 2022-05-19 | Simple grape covering overwintering method for buried cultivation area |
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| CN202210544812.7A CN114946513B (en) | 2022-05-19 | 2022-05-19 | Simple grape covering overwintering method for buried cultivation area |
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| CN114946513A CN114946513A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
| CN114946513B true CN114946513B (en) | 2023-09-19 |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101822191A (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2010-09-08 | 宁夏大学 | Method for close planting culture and coverage overwintering for wine grapes in cold-proof area |
| CN101869043A (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2010-10-27 | 宁夏大学 | Simple overwintering method for grapes |
| CN105993822A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 山东农业大学 | Simplified grape cold prevention novel method |
| CN106613713A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-05-10 | 宁夏德福葡萄酒有限公司 | Cultivation method capable of wintering brewing grapes |
| CN110432071A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Suitable for Hexi Corridor vinifera winter not undercarriage overwinter management method |
| CN110521486A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-03 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | Vinegrowing technology under the conditions of the two-film-layer of northern cold area |
| CN110574627A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-12-17 | 宁夏大学 | Grape close planting cultivation method based on horizontal protection bin cold and frost prevention |
| CN112449979A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Overwintering cultivation method for grapes in cold regions |
-
2022
- 2022-05-19 CN CN202210544812.7A patent/CN114946513B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101822191A (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2010-09-08 | 宁夏大学 | Method for close planting culture and coverage overwintering for wine grapes in cold-proof area |
| CN101869043A (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2010-10-27 | 宁夏大学 | Simple overwintering method for grapes |
| CN105993822A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 山东农业大学 | Simplified grape cold prevention novel method |
| CN106613713A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-05-10 | 宁夏德福葡萄酒有限公司 | Cultivation method capable of wintering brewing grapes |
| CN112449979A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Overwintering cultivation method for grapes in cold regions |
| CN110432071A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Suitable for Hexi Corridor vinifera winter not undercarriage overwinter management method |
| CN110574627A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-12-17 | 宁夏大学 | Grape close planting cultivation method based on horizontal protection bin cold and frost prevention |
| CN110521486A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-03 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | Vinegrowing technology under the conditions of the two-film-layer of northern cold area |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 用塑料薄膜覆盖使玫瑰香葡萄安全越冬;王国兴;孙璧;;农业科技通讯(11);第15页 * |
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| CN114946513A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
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