CN117770080A - Method for rapidly improving germination rate of passion fruit seeds - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of seed germination and seedling cultivation, and provides a method for rapidly improving the germination rate of passion fruit seeds, which utilizes the chemical characteristics of strong oxidizing property and corrosiveness of nitric acid, can corrode seed shells to change physical properties, enhance permeability, promote seed germination, has a tight seed shell structure and mechanical constraint force on the growth of seed embryos, and increases the air permeability and water permeability of the seed shells after nitric acid liquid medicine soaking treatment is carried out on the seeds, and then adopts physical temperature change to adapt to the original activity habit of the seeds, thereby promoting the passion fruit seeds to reach germination peak in a short time, having high seedling forming rate, strong seedling alignment, shortening seedling cultivation period, reducing cost, timely meeting the requirements of vast fruit farmers on seedling planting, providing seedling cultivation technical support for the development of passion fruit industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seed germination and seedling cultivation, in particular to a method for rapidly improving the germination rate of passion fruit seeds.
Background
The passion fruit is a tropical fruit, and the seeds of the passion fruit contain rich nutritional ingredients and can be used for planting and processing, and in order to improve the germination rate of the seeds, the healthy and mature and full seeds, proper germination beds, proper moisture, temperature and humidity environments and other conditions are also required to be selected.
In the prior art, guangxi is the biggest passion fruit (also called passion fruit) production base in China, the current planting area of Guangxi passion fruit reaches 2.43 ten thousand hectares, the annual output reaches 38 ten thousand tons, the main planting variety is a heat-resistant pure sweet passion fruit new variety 'Qinmi No. 9' which is selected and bred by the Guangxi Zhuang national institute of sciences of agricultural sciences major laboratory and Guangxi Qingxi agricultural science and technology limited company, the national planting area of the variety is over 2 ten thousand hectares, the Guangxi planting area also reaches 1.33 ten thousand hectares (Qian 2023), the increased income is about 120 Yuanhong (Conn et al 2023), the passion fruit becomes 'gold fruit', the seedling demand is continuously increased along with the continuous expansion of the popularization area of the passion fruit, the seedlings are abnormally short, the seedlings can meet the market demands of mass cultivation of high-quality seedlings, four modes of seed propagation, grafting and tissue rapid propagation are provided, the tissue culture rapid propagation cost is high, the seedling time is long, the cutting seedling propagation coefficient is low, the root system is weak, the seedling stage is long, the growth vigor of the grafted seedling is poor, labor and time are wasted, the current passion fruit planting industry mainly adopts seed seedling propagation, the conventional seed propagation accelerating method has the problems of low seed germination rate, irregular germination, long seedling stage and low seedling rate, previous researches show that the germination accelerating rate of the seeds reaches about 80 percent after 21 days to 30 days under different temperature conditions after the seeds are treated (2016, zhang Zixiong, 2021, etc. such as Hang, 2022, etc.), the germination accelerating time is long, the germination is irregular, and for the commercial planting of passion fruits, the seeds are often required to sprout rapidly, neatly and fast in seedling, so as to plant early, grow early and develop early and obtain higher economic yield, the method for quickly improving the germination rate of the passion fruit seeds of Qinmi No. 9 is a key for cultivating high-quality seedlings, and is developed for two years, the method for quickly improving the germination rate of the passion fruit seeds of Qinmi No. 9 is invented, the germination rate of the seeds is improved to more than 95% in 15 days from about 28% in conventional germination, namely, after seed soaking treatment is carried out on newly harvested and dried seeds by nitric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1 molar, the liquid medicine is washed out, the surface moisture of the seeds is washed and drained after seed soaking for one day, a moist germination paper bed is placed in a temperature-changing incubator for accelerating germination at the temperature of 35 ℃ per day/25 ℃ per night for 16 hours, the germination rate reaches more than 88% after 9 days, the method is applied to the production of seed propagation and seedling raising, the germination is quick, the seedling forming rate is high, the seedling breeding period is greatly shortened, the seedling supplying speed is accelerated, and a large amount of cost is saved, the method has great significance for promoting the development of passion fruit industry and increasing the income of farmers, the passion fruit types are different, the seed germination is difficult to be different, the seed germination rates of purple passion fruit, huang Baixiang fruit, tainong No. 1 passion fruit, qinmi No. 9 passion fruit and the like are longer than 25 days under the conventional condition, the germination rates are lower and irregular, no effective seed germination method is found yet, the seed shell structure of the passion fruit seed is compact, the water permeability and the air permeability are influenced, the mechanical constraint force is applied to the growth of a seed embryo, the seed germination is influenced, the germination test results at different temperatures show that the germination rate of the seed with the shell is very low, the germination rate of the seed with the shell is not germinated at constant temperature of 15 ℃ 20 ℃ and 40 ℃ after 28 days, the germination rate of the seed under other conditions is different from 5% to 73%, the germination rate of the seed with day 35 ℃ 8 hours per day, the germination rate is highest under 16 hours at 25 ℃, it is explained that the seed hulls are the main physical factors responsible for low or no germination of the seeds, as shown in table 1.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for rapidly improving the germination rate of passion fruit seeds, which solves the problems of slow germination, low germination rate and long seedling period of the common passion fruit seed germination rate method in the related technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for rapidly improving germination rate of passion fruit seeds comprises the following steps of S1: taking out seeds from the mature passion fruits, cleaning, airing and airing for standby, and selecting the seeds which are complete in appearance, mature and full and have no damage;
step S2: soaking seeds before germination, soaking the seeds in 0.1 mol nitric acid solution for 24 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃, then soaking the seeds in clear water for one day, washing, dripping water, placing the seeds on a moist germination bed, and accelerating germination in a 25 ℃ per night and 16 hours temperature-changing incubator for 15 days at the temperature of 35 ℃ per day;
step S3: wrapping the treated seeds with wet gauze before seedling raising, and accelerating germination in a temperature-changing incubator at 35 ℃ in daytime for 8 hours/25 ℃ in night for 16 hours, loosening the seeds in the bag once every twenty-four hours during accelerating germination, and keeping the seeds moist until most of the seeds germinate;
step S4: peat soil is selected as culture soil, the cave dish is adopted for sowing, 32 cave is adopted for cave dish, the peat soil is covered completely after sowing, sun-proof is avoided after watering thoroughly, and the greenhouse is adopted for rain protection and heat preservation;
step S5: in the seedling stage of passion fruits, sufficient illumination is provided, and the seedling raising basin is placed at a position with sufficient sunlight, but direct insolation is avoided;
step S6: when the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, carefully transplanting the seedlings into a larger pot so that they continue to grow;
step S7: during the growth of the seedlings, applying fertilizer according to package instructions by using special fertilizer suitable for passion fruit seedlings;
step S8: in the seedling raising process, the health condition of seedlings is checked regularly, and the existing diseases and insect pests are found and treated in time.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, in the step S1, seeds are taken out from the ripe passion fruits, cleaned and dried for standby, and the specific steps of selecting the seeds which are complete in appearance, ripe, full and undamaged are as follows:
(1) Cutting the ripe passion fruit with a knife, and taking out the seeds inside;
(2) Cleaning the seeds with clear water to remove the residual pulp and juice;
(3) And (3) placing the cleaned seeds on a dustpan for airing or sun drying, avoiding direct sunlight, and selecting the seeds which are complete in appearance, mature, full and undamaged for standby, so that the quality of the seeds is good.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the seed soaking step S2 is carried out before germination, the seed soaking step is carried out for 24 hours under the condition of 25 ℃ by 0.1 mol nitric acid solution, then the seed soaking step is carried out for one day by using clear water, and the specific steps are that:
(1) Soaking seeds for 24 hours with 0.1 mol nitric acid solution at 25 ℃ before germination;
(2) Cleaning the liquid medicine, soaking the seeds in clean water for 1 day, and cleaning off attachments such as pulp on the surfaces of the seeds;
(3) Draining, placing on a wet sprouting paper bed, and accelerating germination for 15 days under the temperature change condition of 35 ℃ for 8 hours in the daytime and 25 ℃ for 16 hours at night.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the treated seeds are wrapped by wet gauze before seedling raising in the step S3, and are placed in a temperature-changing incubator for germination at 35 ℃ per day for 8 hours/25 ℃ per night for 16 hours, and the seeds in the bag are loosened once every twenty-four hours during germination, and the specific steps for keeping the seeds moist are as follows:
(1) Treating seeds before seedling raising, soaking the seeds in 0.1 mol nitric acid solution at 25 ℃ for 24 hours, cleaning the liquid medicine, soaking the seeds in clear water for 1 day, cleaning the seeds, and draining for later use;
(2) Wrapping seeds with wet gauze, placing the seeds into an incubator, and setting the temperature to be 35 ℃ in daytime for 8 hours/25 ℃ at night for 16 hours for changing the temperature;
(3) Checking and loosening seeds in the gauze every 24 hours to ensure that the seeds can move freely;
(4) Every 24 hours, observing the surface moisture of the seeds in the bag, removing redundant moisture, keeping the seeds moist to prevent the seeds from overdrying, removing mould and necrotic particles, and re-wrapping the seeds until most of the seeds germinate.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, peat soil is selected as the culture soil in the step S4, the sowing is carried out by adopting a plug, 32 holes are adopted by the plug, the plug is covered by the peat soil after sowing, the insolation is avoided after the sowing is carried out, and the specific steps of rain prevention and heat preservation are carried out by adopting a greenhouse, namely:
(1) Firstly ensuring that peat soil is clean and free from plant diseases and insect pests, and ensuring that the selected 32-hole plug is clean and free from damage, then placing seeds into each hole of the plug, and ensuring that at least one germinated seed exists in each hole;
(2) Covering the seeds with peat soil, ensuring that the peat soil covers the seeds and fills holes of the cave tray, and uniformly watering the peat soil with water by using a watering can to ensure that the soil is moist;
(3) The plug tray is placed in a greenhouse, so that the temperature in the greenhouse is proper, good ventilation is kept, proper temperature and humidity are kept, and rainwater is prevented from directly spraying onto the plug tray, so that the seedling formation of seeds is not affected.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, in the step S5, in the stage of growing the passion fruit seedlings, sufficient illumination is provided, the seedling raising basin is placed at a position with sufficient sunlight, but the specific steps for avoiding direct insolation are as follows:
(1) The seedling raising basin is placed at a position with sufficient sunlight to ensure that the seeds can receive enough sunlight, but the seeds are prevented from being directly exposed to strong sunlight so as not to be damaged, and a sunshade net is used for providing proper shading for the seeds;
(2) Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the seeds can uniformly receive sunlight, the seedling raising basin needs to be rotated regularly so that all directions of the seedling raising basin can be illuminated.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, when the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves in the step S6, the seedlings are carefully transplanted into a larger pot so that the seedlings continue to grow, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Selecting a pot with proper size to ensure that seedlings and root systems thereof can be accommodated, wherein the depth and width of the pot are proper so as to provide enough growth space for the seedlings, filling soil suitable for the growth of passion fruit in the pot, ensuring that the soil is soft and well drained, and properly adding fertilizer to provide nutrition;
(2) When the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, carefully taking out the seedlings from the original seedling raising basin, keeping the root systems of the seedlings intact and avoiding damaging the root systems;
(3) The removed seedlings are placed in a newly prepared pot, and the seedlings are fixed by soil, so that the root system is well supported.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, during the growth period of the seedlings in the step S7, a special fertilizer suitable for passion fruit seedlings is used, and the specific steps of fertilizing according to package instructions are as follows:
(1) Selecting a special fertilizer suitable for passion fruit seedlings, ensuring that the fertilizer contains a proper amount of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like so as to meet the growth requirement of the seedlings, carefully reading the use instruction on the fertilizer package, and applying the fertilizer according to the recommended dosage and method, wherein proper amount of fertilizer is required to be paid attention to during the application, and avoiding damage to the seedlings caused by excessive application of fertilizer;
(2) After fertilization, it is ensured that the pot soil remains moderately wet so that the seedlings better absorb the nutrients.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, in the step S8, in the seedling raising process, the health condition of the seedlings is checked periodically, and the specific steps of finding and treating the existing pest and disease damage problems in time are as follows:
(1) The occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is related to the growth environment, and proper illumination, temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions are kept, so that the occurrence rate of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and meanwhile, the resistance of seedlings is enhanced through measures such as reasonable fertilization, watering and the like, so that the seedlings are more resistant to diseases and insects;
(2) In the seedling raising process, details of each examination and treatment are recorded, including date, symptom description, treatment method and the like, and experience training is summarized regularly, so that seedling raising technology and management method are improved.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention has the working principle and beneficial effects that the nitric acid is utilized to have the chemical characteristics of strong oxidizing property and corrosiveness, the seed shell can be corroded to change the physical properties, the permeability is enhanced, the water and oxygen infiltration is increased, the germination of seeds is promoted, the seed shell structure of passion fruit seeds is compact, the water permeability and the air permeability are poor, the mechanical constraint force is provided for the growth of seed embryos, the air permeability and the water permeability of the seed shell are increased after the seed is subjected to nitric acid liquid medicine soaking treatment, and then the physical temperature change is adopted to adapt to the original living habit of the seeds, so that the living and environment are unified, the passion fruit seeds are promoted to reach the germination peak in a short time, the passion fruit seed seedling cultivation method is applied to the seedling cultivation with high seedling formation rate, the seedling alignment is strong, the seedling cultivation period is shortened, the cost is reduced, the requirements of vast fruit farmers on the seedling cultivation are timely met, and the technical support is provided for the development of the passion fruit industry.
2. The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are that the temperature change is adapted to the requirements of the original place of the passion fruit, the seed shell can be loosened to change the permeability, the seed is promoted to absorb moisture and oxygen, the seed germination is accelerated, the seed germination rate is highest under the condition of the optimal temperature, the seed germination is quick and tidy, the seedlings are strong, the experiment proves that the optimal temperature of the passion fruit seed germination is 8 hours in day 35 ℃, the temperature is changed for 16 hours in night 25 ℃, the characteristic is greatly different from the germination temperature of other crops such as cultivated rice and corn seeds (25-30 ℃ in day and 25 ℃ in night), the characteristic is related to the original place of the passion fruit, the passion fruit is widely planted in south America countries such as Brazil, argentina and Uyerba, belongs to tropical subtropical plants, and is warm and wet and short sunshine, the seed forms the habit of starting in the main production season, and is a unified outstanding expression of biology and environment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Cutting mature passion fruit with knife, taking out the seeds, cleaning the seeds with clear water, removing pulp and fruit juice remained on the surfaces of the seeds, airing or sun-drying the cleaned seeds on a dustpan to avoid direct sunlight, selecting the seeds which are complete in appearance and full and have no damage for standby, ensuring good quality, soaking the seeds with 0.1 mol nitric acid solution for 24 hours under the condition of 25 ℃ before germination, cleaning the liquid medicine, soaking the seeds with clear water for 1 day after soaking the seeds, cleaning attachments such as pulp and the like on the surfaces of the seeds, draining water, placing the seeds on a germination paper bed for germination accelerating for 15 days under the temperature change condition of 35 ℃ for 8 hours and 25 ℃ for 16 hours at night, treating the seeds before seedling raising, soaking the seeds with 0.1 mol nitric acid solution for 24 hours, cleaning the liquid medicine after soaking the seeds for 1 day for standby, wrapping seeds with wet gauze, placing the seeds in an incubator, setting the temperature to be 25 ℃ at 8 hours and 25 ℃ at night for 16 hours, changing the temperature, checking and loosening the seeds in the gauze once every 24 hours, ensuring the seeds to move freely, observing the surface moisture of the seeds in the bag every 24 hours, removing redundant moisture, keeping the seeds moist to prevent the seeds from overdrying, removing mould and necrotic particles, wrapping the seeds again until most of the seeds germinate, ensuring the peat soil to be clean and free from diseases and insect pests, properly sterilizing, ensuring that the selected cave dish of 32 cave dishes is clean and free from damage, placing the seeds in each hole of the cave dish, ensuring at least one germinated seed in each hole, covering the seeds with peat soil, ensuring the peat soil to cover the seeds, filling the holes of the cave dish, uniformly watering the peat soil with watering can, ensuring that soil is moist, placing a tray in a greenhouse, ensuring proper temperature in the greenhouse, keeping good ventilation, keeping proper temperature and humidity, avoiding rainwater from directly spraying onto the tray so as not to influence the seedling formation of seeds, placing a seedling raising basin at a position with sufficient sunlight to ensure that seeds can receive enough sunlight, but avoiding the seeds from being directly exposed to strong sunlight so as not to cause injury, using a sunshade net to provide proper shading for the seeds, simultaneously, ensuring that the seeds can uniformly receive sunlight, periodically rotating the seedling raising basin to ensure that the seedling raising basin can be subjected to illumination in all directions, selecting a basin with proper size, ensuring that seedlings and root systems thereof can be accommodated, ensuring proper depth and width of the basin so as to provide enough growth space for the seedlings, filling the basin with soil suitable for the growth of passion fruits, ensuring that the soil is soft and good in drainage, and proper fertilizer is added to provide nutrition, when the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, carefully taking out the seedlings from the original seedling raising pot, keeping the root system of the seedlings complete, avoiding damaging the root system, placing the taken-out seedlings in a newly prepared pot, fixing the seedlings with soil, ensuring that the root system is well supported, selecting special fertilizer suitable for the passion fruit seedlings, ensuring that the fertilizer contains proper amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements so as to meet the growth requirement of the seedlings, carefully reading the use instruction on the fertilizer package, applying fertilizer according to the recommended dosage and method, taking proper amount when applying fertilizer, avoiding damage to the seedlings caused by excessive fertilization, ensuring that the pot soil is kept in proper wet state after applying fertilizer so as to ensure that the seedlings absorb the nutrients better, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is related to the growth environment, and keeping proper illumination, the temperature, the humidity and the ventilation conditions are favorable for reducing the occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests, and meanwhile, the resistance of seedlings is enhanced through measures such as reasonable fertilization, watering and the like, so that the seedlings are more resistant to diseases and insects, the details of each examination and treatment, including date, symptom description, treatment method and the like, are recorded in the seedling raising process, and experience teaching and training are summarized regularly to improve the seedling raising technology and management method;
further, selecting clean mature full seeds randomly from samples, repeating 100 grains each, preparing a nitric acid solution (see annex), soaking the prepared seeds in a beaker or other vessels for 24 hours at 25 ℃ by using a 0.1M nitric acid solution, taking out the poured liquid medicine, soaking the seeds in clean water for 1 day, cleaning attachments on the surfaces of the seeds, draining water, and allowing the seeds to germinate in a bed, wherein the germination bed can be a culture dish or germination box paper bed, gauze, towel and the like. The germination box is cleaned and disinfected before the bed is placed, the treated seeds are evenly placed on a wet germination bed, a label is placed on the germination box, a cover is covered on the germination box, the germination temperature is 8 hours at 35 ℃ in day and 16 hours at 25 ℃ in night, and the temperature is changed. Checking and recording germination condition every day, keeping germination bed moist, finding out mould grains to be timely taken out and cleaned, taking out rotten grains, discarding, replacing new germination bed if necessary, and calculating if germination standard is that the length of sprout is 1/2 of the grain length of seed and normal germination seed is normal, if bud growth is malformed and rotten,
results the germination vigor was calculated on day 9 after seed placement, and the germination rate and germination index were calculated on day 15.
In addition, the contents of table 2 and table 3 are obtained according to the influence of the nitric acid concentration ratio on the germination of passion fruit seeds and the technical operation procedure of the germination of passion fruit seeds.
Example 2
Cutting mature passion fruit with knife, taking out the seeds, cleaning the seeds with clear water, removing pulp and fruit juice remained on the surfaces of the seeds, airing or sun-drying the cleaned seeds on a dustpan to avoid direct sunlight, selecting the seeds which are complete in appearance and full and have no damage for standby, ensuring good quality, soaking the seeds with 0.2 mol nitric acid solution for 24 hours under the condition of 25 ℃ before germination, cleaning the liquid medicine, soaking the seeds with clear water for 1 day after soaking the seeds, cleaning attachments such as pulp and the like on the surfaces of the seeds, draining water, placing the seeds on a germination paper bed for germination accelerating for 15 days under the temperature change condition of 35 ℃ for 8 hours and 25 ℃ for 16 hours at night, treating the seeds before seedling raising, soaking the seeds with 0.1 mol nitric acid solution for 24 hours, cleaning the liquid medicine after soaking the seeds for 1 day for standby, wrapping seeds with wet gauze, placing the seeds in an incubator, setting the temperature to be 25 ℃ at 8 hours and 25 ℃ at night for 16 hours, changing the temperature, checking and loosening the seeds in the gauze once every 24 hours, ensuring the seeds to move freely, observing the surface moisture of the seeds in the bag every 24 hours, removing redundant moisture, keeping the seeds moist to prevent the seeds from overdrying, removing mould and necrotic particles, wrapping the seeds again until most of the seeds germinate, ensuring the peat soil to be clean and free from diseases and insect pests, properly sterilizing, ensuring that the selected cave dish of 32 cave dishes is clean and free from damage, placing the seeds in each hole of the cave dish, ensuring at least one germinated seed in each hole, covering the seeds with peat soil, ensuring the peat soil to cover the seeds, filling the holes of the cave dish, uniformly watering the peat soil with watering can, ensuring that soil is moist, placing a tray in a greenhouse, ensuring proper temperature in the greenhouse, keeping good ventilation, keeping proper temperature and humidity, avoiding rainwater from directly spraying onto the tray so as not to influence the seedling formation of seeds, placing a seedling raising basin at a position with sufficient sunlight to ensure that seeds can receive enough sunlight, but avoiding the seeds from being directly exposed to strong sunlight so as not to cause injury, using a sunshade net to provide proper shading for the seeds, simultaneously, ensuring that the seeds can uniformly receive sunlight, periodically rotating the seedling raising basin to ensure that the seedling raising basin can be subjected to illumination in all directions, selecting a basin with proper size, ensuring that seedlings and root systems thereof can be accommodated, ensuring proper depth and width of the basin so as to provide enough growth space for the seedlings, filling the basin with soil suitable for the growth of passion fruits, ensuring that the soil is soft and good in drainage, and proper fertilizer is added to provide nutrition, when the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, carefully taking out the seedlings from the original seedling raising pot, keeping the root system of the seedlings complete, avoiding damaging the root system, placing the taken-out seedlings in a newly prepared pot, fixing the seedlings with soil, ensuring that the root system is well supported, selecting special fertilizer suitable for the passion fruit seedlings, ensuring that the fertilizer contains proper amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements so as to meet the growth requirement of the seedlings, carefully reading the use instruction on the fertilizer package, applying fertilizer according to the recommended dosage and method, taking proper amount when applying fertilizer, avoiding damage to the seedlings caused by excessive fertilization, ensuring that the pot soil is kept in proper wet state after applying fertilizer so as to ensure that the seedlings absorb the nutrients better, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is related to the growth environment, and keeping proper illumination, the temperature, the humidity and the ventilation conditions are favorable for reducing the occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests, and meanwhile, the resistance of seedlings is enhanced through measures such as reasonable fertilization, watering and the like, so that the seedlings are more resistant to diseases and insects, the details of each examination and treatment, including date, symptom description, treatment method and the like, are recorded in the seedling raising process, and experience teaching and training are summarized regularly to improve the seedling raising technology and management method;
further, selecting clean mature full seeds randomly from samples, repeating 100 grains each, preparing a nitric acid solution (see annex), soaking the prepared seeds in a beaker or other vessels for 24 hours at 25 ℃ by using a 0.2M nitric acid solution, taking out the poured liquid medicine, soaking the seeds in clean water for 1 day, cleaning attachments on the surfaces of the seeds, draining water, and allowing the seeds to germinate in a bed, wherein the germination bed can be a culture dish or germination box paper bed, gauze, towel and the like. The germination box is cleaned and disinfected before the bed is placed, the treated seeds are evenly placed on a wet germination bed, a label is placed on the germination box, a cover is covered on the germination box, the germination temperature is 8 hours at 35 ℃ in day and 16 hours at 25 ℃ in night, and the temperature is changed. Checking and recording germination condition every day, keeping germination bed moist, finding out mould grains to be timely taken out and cleaned, taking out rotten grains, discarding, replacing new germination bed if necessary, and calculating if germination standard is that the length of sprout is 1/2 of the grain length of seed and normal germination seed is normal, if bud growth is malformed and rotten,
results the germination vigor was calculated on day 9 after seed placement, and the germination rate and germination index were calculated on day 15.
In addition, the contents of table 2 and table 3 are obtained according to the influence of the nitric acid concentration ratio on the germination of passion fruit seeds and the technical operation procedure of the germination of passion fruit seeds;
example 3
Cutting mature passion fruit with knife, taking out the seeds, cleaning the seeds with clear water, removing pulp and fruit juice remained on the surfaces of the seeds, airing or sun-drying the cleaned seeds on a dustpan to avoid direct sunlight, selecting the seeds which are complete in appearance and full and have no damage for standby, ensuring good quality, soaking the seeds with 0.3 mol nitric acid solution for 24 hours under the condition of 25 ℃ before germination, cleaning the liquid medicine, soaking the seeds with clear water for 1 day after soaking the seeds, cleaning attachments such as pulp and the like on the surfaces of the seeds, draining water, placing the seeds on a germination paper bed for germination accelerating for 15 days under the temperature change condition of 35 ℃ for 8 hours and 25 ℃ for 16 hours at night, treating the seeds before seedling raising, soaking the seeds with 0.1 mol nitric acid solution for 24 hours, cleaning the liquid medicine after soaking the seeds for 1 day for standby, wrapping seeds with wet gauze, placing the seeds in an incubator, setting the temperature to be 25 ℃ at 8 hours and 25 ℃ at night for 16 hours, changing the temperature, checking and loosening the seeds in the gauze once every 24 hours, ensuring the seeds to move freely, observing the surface moisture of the seeds in the bag every 24 hours, removing redundant moisture, keeping the seeds moist to prevent the seeds from overdrying, removing mould and necrotic particles, wrapping the seeds again until most of the seeds germinate, ensuring the peat soil to be clean and free from diseases and insect pests, properly sterilizing, ensuring that the selected cave dish of 32 cave dishes is clean and free from damage, placing the seeds in each hole of the cave dish, ensuring at least one germinated seed in each hole, covering the seeds with peat soil, ensuring the peat soil to cover the seeds, filling the holes of the cave dish, uniformly watering the peat soil with watering can, ensuring that soil is moist, placing a tray in a greenhouse, ensuring proper temperature in the greenhouse, keeping good ventilation, keeping proper temperature and humidity, avoiding rainwater from directly spraying onto the tray so as not to influence the seedling formation of seeds, placing a seedling raising basin at a position with sufficient sunlight to ensure that seeds can receive enough sunlight, but avoiding the seeds from being directly exposed to strong sunlight so as not to cause injury, using a sunshade net to provide proper shading for the seeds, simultaneously, ensuring that the seeds can uniformly receive sunlight, periodically rotating the seedling raising basin to ensure that the seedling raising basin can be subjected to illumination in all directions, selecting a basin with proper size, ensuring that seedlings and root systems thereof can be accommodated, ensuring proper depth and width of the basin so as to provide enough growth space for the seedlings, filling the basin with soil suitable for the growth of passion fruits, ensuring that the soil is soft and good in drainage, and proper fertilizer is added to provide nutrition, when the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, carefully taking out the seedlings from the original seedling raising pot, keeping the root system of the seedlings complete, avoiding damaging the root system, placing the taken-out seedlings in a newly prepared pot, fixing the seedlings with soil, ensuring that the root system is well supported, selecting special fertilizer suitable for the passion fruit seedlings, ensuring that the fertilizer contains proper amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements so as to meet the growth requirement of the seedlings, carefully reading the use instruction on the fertilizer package, applying fertilizer according to the recommended dosage and method, taking proper amount when applying fertilizer, avoiding damage to the seedlings caused by excessive fertilization, ensuring that the pot soil is kept in proper wet state after applying fertilizer so as to ensure that the seedlings absorb the nutrients better, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is related to the growth environment, and keeping proper illumination, the temperature, the humidity and the ventilation conditions are favorable for reducing the occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests, and meanwhile, the resistance of seedlings is enhanced through measures such as reasonable fertilization, watering and the like, so that the seedlings are more resistant to diseases and insects, the details of each examination and treatment, including date, symptom description, treatment method and the like, are recorded in the seedling raising process, and experience teaching and training are summarized regularly to improve the seedling raising technology and management method;
further, selecting clean mature full seeds randomly from samples, repeating 100 grains each, preparing a nitric acid solution (see annex), soaking the prepared seeds in a beaker or other vessels for 24 hours at 25 ℃ by using a 0.3M nitric acid solution, taking out the poured liquid medicine, soaking the seeds in clean water for 1 day, cleaning attachments on the surfaces of the seeds, draining water, and allowing the seeds to germinate in a bed, wherein the germination bed can be a culture dish or germination box paper bed, gauze, towel and the like. The germination box is cleaned and disinfected before the bed is placed, the treated seeds are evenly placed on a wet germination bed, a label is placed on the germination box, a cover is covered on the germination box, the germination temperature is 8 hours at 35 ℃ in day and 16 hours at 25 ℃ in night, and the temperature is changed. Checking and recording germination condition every day, keeping germination bed moist, finding out mould grains to be timely taken out and cleaned, taking out rotten grains, discarding, replacing new germination bed if necessary, and calculating if germination standard is that the length of sprout is 1/2 of the grain length of seed and normal germination seed is normal, if bud growth is malformed and rotten,
results the germination vigor was calculated on day 9 after seed placement, and the germination rate and germination index were calculated on day 15.
In addition, the contents of table 2 and table 3 are obtained according to the influence of the nitric acid concentration ratio on the germination of passion fruit seeds and the technical operation procedure of the germination of passion fruit seeds.
TABLE 1 germination results of passion fruit seeds at different temperatures
The germination days under various temperature conditions are 28 days
TABLE 2 Effect of nitric acid treatment on passion fruit seed germination
Culturing at 35 deg.C for 8 hr/night at 25 deg.C for 16 hr every day, and measuring germination vigor on 9 days and germination rate and germination index on 15 days
TABLE 3 tolerance table for percent germination
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Preparation of annex medicine liquid
Preparation of nitric acid solution
Calculation formula M 1 V 1 ＝M 2 V 2 。
M 1 Is concentrated nitric acid concentration (M/L) V 1 To the volume (liter) of concentrated nitric acid required
M 2 To formulate the concentration of solution (M/liter) V 2 To prepare the volume (liter) of the solution
If 1000 ml of 0.1M nitric acid solution is prepared, the concentrated nitric acid with the concentration of 65.0% -68.0% and the specific gravity of 1.4 is needed to be:
6.78 ml of nitric acid is sucked by a pipette, put into a 1000 ml volumetric flask, added with water to the scale, and shaken well to obtain 1000 ml of 0.1M nitric acid solution.
Claims (9)
1. The method for rapidly improving the germination rate of passion fruit seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: taking out seeds from the mature passion fruits, cleaning, airing and airing for standby, and selecting the seeds which are complete in appearance, mature and full and have no damage;
step S2: soaking seeds before germination, soaking the seeds in 0.1 mol nitric acid solution for 24 hours at 25 ℃, then soaking the seeds in clear water for one day, washing, dripping, placing the seeds on a germination bed for 8 hours at 35 ℃ and a culture box for 16 hours at 25 ℃ at night, and carrying out variable-temperature germination acceleration for 15 days;
step S3: before seedling raising, wrapping the seeds with wet gauze, placing the seeds in an incubator at 35 ℃ for 8 hours and 25 ℃ for 16 hours per day for variable-temperature germination accelerating, loosening the seeds in the bag once every twenty-four hours during germination accelerating, and keeping the seeds moist until most of the seeds germinate;
step S4: peat soil is selected as culture soil, the cave dish is adopted for sowing, 32 cave is adopted for cave dish, the peat soil is covered completely after sowing, sun-proof is avoided after watering thoroughly, and the greenhouse is adopted for rain protection and heat preservation;
step S5: in the seedling stage of passion fruits, sufficient illumination is provided, and the seedling raising basin is placed at a position with sufficient sunlight, but direct insolation is avoided;
step S6: when the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, carefully transplanting the seedlings into a larger pot so that they continue to grow;
step S7: during the growth of the seedlings, applying fertilizer according to package instructions by using special fertilizer suitable for passion fruit seedlings;
step S8: in the seedling raising process, the health condition of seedlings is checked regularly, and the existing diseases and insect pests are found and treated in time.
2. The method for rapidly increasing germination rate of passion fruit seeds according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the seeds are taken out from the ripe passion fruit, washed clean and dried for standby, and the specific steps of selecting the seeds which have complete appearance, ripe and full without damage are as follows:
(1) Cutting the ripe passion fruit with a knife, and taking out the seeds inside;
(2) Cleaning the seeds with clear water, and removing pulp and juice remained on the surfaces of the seeds;
(3) And (3) placing the cleaned seeds on a dustpan for airing or sun drying, avoiding direct sunlight, and selecting the seeds which are complete in appearance, mature, full and undamaged for standby, so that the quality of the seeds is good.
3. The method for rapidly increasing germination rate of passion fruit seeds according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 is characterized in that seeds are soaked before germination, the seeds are soaked in 0.1 mol nitric acid solution at 25 ℃ for 24 hours, then soaked in clear water for one day, and the specific steps of cleaning, dripping and accelerating germination for 15 days are as follows:
(1) Soaking seeds for 24 hours with 0.1 mol nitric acid solution at 25 ℃ before germination;
(2) Cleaning the liquid medicine, soaking the seeds in clean water for 1 day, and cleaning off attachments such as pulp on the surfaces of the seeds;
(3) Draining, placing on a wet sprouting paper bed, and accelerating germination for 15 days under the temperature change condition of 35 ℃ for 8 hours in the daytime and 25 ℃ for 16 hours at night.
4. The method for rapidly increasing germination rate of passion fruit seeds according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 is characterized in that the treated seeds are wrapped with wet gauze and placed in an incubator at 35 ℃ for 8 hours and 25 ℃ for 16 hours a day for variable-temperature germination, and the seeds in the bag are loosened once every twenty-four hours during germination, and the specific steps of keeping the seeds moist are as follows:
(1) Treating seeds before seedling raising, soaking the seeds in 0.1 mol nitric acid solution at 25 ℃ for 24 hours, cleaning the liquid medicine, soaking the seeds in clear water for 1 day, cleaning the seeds, and draining for later use;
(2) Wrapping seeds with wet gauze, placing the seeds into an incubator, and setting the temperature to be 35 ℃ in daytime, 25 ℃ at night and 16 hours at variable temperature;
(3) Checking and loosening seeds in the gauze every 24 hours to ensure that the seeds can move freely;
(4) Every 24 hours, observing the surface moisture of the seeds in the bag, removing redundant moisture, keeping the seeds moist to prevent the seeds from overdrying, removing mould and necrotic particles, and re-wrapping the seeds until most of the seeds germinate.
5. The method for rapidly increasing germination rate of passion fruit seeds according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, peat soil is selected as culture soil, a plug is adopted for sowing, 32 plugs are adopted for sowing, the plug is fully covered by peat soil after sowing, sun-proof is avoided after watering, and the specific steps of rain-proof and heat preservation are carried out by adopting a greenhouse:
(1) Firstly ensuring that peat soil is clean and free from plant diseases and insect pests, and ensuring that the selected 32-hole plug is clean and free from damage, then placing seeds into each hole of the plug, and ensuring that at least one germinated seed exists in each hole;
(2) Covering the seeds with peat soil, ensuring that the peat soil covers the seeds and fills holes of the cave tray, and uniformly watering the peat soil with water by using a watering can to ensure that the soil is moist;
(3) The plug tray is placed in a greenhouse, so that the temperature in the greenhouse is proper, good ventilation is kept, proper temperature and humidity are kept, and rainwater is prevented from directly spraying onto the plug tray, so that the seedling formation of seeds is not affected.
6. The method for rapidly increasing germination rate of passion fruit seeds according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, sufficient illumination is provided at the stage of growing passion fruit seedlings, and the seedling pot is placed at a position with sufficient sunlight, but the specific steps of avoiding direct insolation are as follows:
(1) The seedling raising basin is placed at a position with sufficient sunlight to ensure that the seeds can receive enough sunlight, but the seeds are prevented from being directly exposed to strong sunlight so as not to be damaged, and a sunshade net is used for providing proper shading for the seeds;
(2) Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the seeds can uniformly receive sunlight, the seedling raising basin needs to be rotated regularly so that all directions of the seedling raising basin can be illuminated.
7. The method for rapidly increasing germination rate of passion fruit seeds according to claim 1, wherein, in step S6, when passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, the seedlings are carefully transplanted into a larger pot so that they continue to grow, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Selecting a pot with proper size to ensure that seedlings and root systems thereof can be accommodated, wherein the depth and width of the pot are proper so as to provide enough growth space for the seedlings, filling soil suitable for the growth of passion fruit in the pot, ensuring that the soil is soft and well drained, and properly adding fertilizer to provide nutrition;
(2) When the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, carefully taking out the seedlings from the original seedling raising basin, keeping the root systems of the seedlings intact and avoiding damaging the root systems;
(3) The removed seedlings are placed in a newly prepared pot, and the seedlings are fixed by soil, so that the root system is well supported.
8. The method for rapidly increasing germination rate of passion fruit seeds according to claim 1, wherein during the growth of the seedlings in step S7, the specific steps of applying fertilizer according to the package instructions using a fertilizer suitable for passion fruit seedlings are:
(1) Selecting a special fertilizer suitable for passion fruit seedlings, ensuring that the fertilizer contains a proper amount of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like so as to meet the growth requirement of the seedlings, carefully reading the use instruction on the fertilizer package, and applying the fertilizer according to the recommended dosage and method, wherein proper amount of fertilizer is required to be paid attention to during the application, and avoiding damage to the seedlings caused by excessive application of fertilizer;
(2) After fertilization, it is ensured that the pot soil remains moderately wet so that the seedlings better absorb the nutrients.
9. The method for rapidly increasing germination rate of passion fruit seeds according to claim 1, wherein in the step S8, the health condition of the seedlings is checked periodically, and the specific steps of finding and treating the existing pest and disease damage problem in time are as follows:
(1) The occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is related to the growth environment, and proper illumination, temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions are kept, so that the occurrence rate of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and meanwhile, the resistance of seedlings is enhanced through measures such as reasonable fertilization, watering and the like, so that the seedlings are more resistant to diseases and insects;
(2) In the course of raising seedlings, the details of each examination and treatment, including date, symptom description, treatment method, etc. are recorded,
experience training is summarized regularly, and seedling raising technology and management method are improved.
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