CN117716962A - Method for solving generation of silly flowers of cut rose cultivated by matrix - Google Patents
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- CN117716962A CN117716962A CN202410179193.5A CN202410179193A CN117716962A CN 117716962 A CN117716962 A CN 117716962A CN 202410179193 A CN202410179193 A CN 202410179193A CN 117716962 A CN117716962 A CN 117716962A
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- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000000100 Hibiscus rosa sinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 240000008254 Rosa chinensis Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000000664 Rosa chinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000016785 Rosa della China Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000005809 Prunus persica Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000878007 Miscanthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007640 basal medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036244 malformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of flower cultivation, and discloses a method for solving the problem of cut flower rose matrix cultivation and flower covering, which comprises irrigation fertilizer water control, environmental temperature control and cut flower rose branch quantity regulation, wherein the irrigation fertilizer water control comprises the following steps: regulating and controlling the concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water to be 1.6-1.8 mmol/L from 10 months in the current year; the cumulative concentration of potassium ions in the matrix is less than 2.7 mmoles/liter; the technical scheme of the invention solves the serious problem of cut rose and wrapped rose in winter and spring, promotes the normal opening of flowers, reduces the production cost and improves the economic benefit by regulating and controlling the potassium ion concentration of irrigation fertilizer water within 4.2 mmol/L and the potassium ion accumulation concentration in a matrix to be lower than 5.0 mmol/L from the next 3 months.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of flower cultivation, in particular to a method for solving the problem of occurrence of cut flower rose matrix cultivation silly flowers.
Background
The flower is not normally opened, belongs to a product which cannot be marketed, has the industrial problem of flower wrapping in the production process of cut-flower China rose, and severely restricts the healthy and high-quality development of the cut-flower China rose industry. The cut rose has different variety characteristics, and some special flower type rose varieties show phenomena and problems such as flower deformity, silly, blind branches, elbow and the like in the production process, especially show more remarkable winter and spring, and are difficult to avoid in summer; the yield of the fresh cut flower product of the rose in winter and spring is about 60 percent of the yield of the product of the rose in year, so that the economic benefit of the cut flower rose industry is directly determined, for example, the cut flower rose variety of 'snow mountain series' is directly determined, and the proportion of the cut flower in winter and spring is higher, which becomes an important technical problem for restricting the healthy development of the cut flower rose industry.
Along with the upgrading and transformation of the fresh cut flower planting industry in China, the production modes of high input and high output are rapidly applied, and high-standard supporting facility equipment, full-matrix cultivation, water and fertilizer integration and recycling, stable control of planting environments such as light Wen Shuifei of a greenhouse and the like provide excellent growing environments for plant growth. In the cut flower rose substrate cultivation, the precise control of the water and fertilizer can provide scientific nutrient supply for the growth and development of the cut flower rose, reasonably regulate and control the concentration of nutrient elements in irrigation fertilizer water, and provide technical guarantee for the healthy growth of cut flower rose plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for solving the problem of generation of cut rose basal medium cultivation silly flowers. Aiming at the technical problems of the silly-covered industry in winter and spring and even summer in cut-flower rose substrate cultivation, the comprehensive technical methods of regulating and controlling the concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water in cut-flower rose substrate cultivation, increasing the number of single flowers and branches, controlling the minimum temperature of a greenhouse in winter and spring and regulating and controlling the Ec value and the irrigation quantity of irrigation fertilizer water are used for reducing the occurrence of silly-covered flowers, so that the problem that part of varieties exist in the production process of cut-flower rose, especially the problem of severely-covered flowers in winter and spring Ji Han is effectively solved, the normal opening of flowers is promoted, market sales can be realized, and important technical guarantee is provided for realizing high-quality and high-efficiency production of cut-flower rose. The industrial problem of the occurrence of the silly flower of the cut rose substrate cultivation can be solved by the comprehensive application of the method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the method for solving the problem of the occurrence of silvered flowers in the cut-flower China rose matrix cultivation comprises the following steps of irrigation fertilizer water control, environmental temperature control and cut-flower China rose branch quantity regulation, wherein the irrigation fertilizer water control comprises the following steps:
s1: regulating and controlling the concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water to be 1.6-1.8 mmol/L from 10 months in the current year; the cumulative concentration of potassium ions in the matrix is less than 2.7 mmoles/liter;
s2: regulating and controlling the concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water to be within 4.2 mmol/L from the last 3 months of the next year, wherein the cumulative concentration of potassium ions in a matrix is lower than 5.0 mmol/L;
s3: and (3) regulating and controlling the Ec value of irrigation fertilizer water from the last 10 months of the current year, wherein the Ec value is controlled to be within 1.5 milliSiemens/cm, the number of times of irrigation fertilizer water is not more than 8 times per day, the low-temperature overcast and rainy weather is reduced to 3 times, the irrigation duration of each time of fertilizer water is 100 seconds, and the low temperature is that the night temperature is lower than 14 ℃ and the daytime temperature is lower than 18 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S1, the concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water is regulated to be 1.7 mmol/L; in the step S2, the concentration of potassium ions in the irrigation fertilizer water is regulated to be 3.8-4.0 mmol/L; in the step S3, the Ec value of the irrigation fertilizer water is regulated to be 1.1-1.2 milliSiemens/cm.
Further, the environmental temperature control method comprises the following steps: during winter and spring from the last 10 months of the current year to the last 3 months of the next year, the night temperature of the planting greenhouse of the cut rose cannot be lower than 14 ℃.
Further, the control method of the cut rose branches comprises the following steps: during winter and spring from the last 10 months of the current year to the last 3 months of the next year, controlling the number of flowers and branches of a single plant of the cut flower rose to be more than 3 branches, controlling the stem thickness of the single flower branch to be less than 0.6 cm, and when the single flower branch to be less than 3 branches appears and simultaneously the stem thickness of the flower branch to be more than 0.6 cm, pruning the thick branches at the early tender branch stage of the flower branch, and reserving 3 leaves at the basal part of the flower branch to promote the germination of the side branches so as to avoid the occurrence of silvered flowers.
1. The invention aims to solve the problem that the silly flowers appear in the cut-flower rose matrix cultivation, and in winter and spring with higher silly flower occurrence proportion, the silly flowers are reduced by a comprehensive technical method of regulating and controlling the concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water, increasing the number of single flowers and branches, controlling the minimum temperature of a greenhouse in winter and spring, regulating and controlling the Ec value of irrigation fertilizer water and the irrigation water quantity in the cut-flower rose matrix cultivation, and simultaneously, the size of the buds is ensured to meet the market requirement, so that the problem of silly flowers can be solved.
In winter and spring, the generation proportion of the sills is higher, the generation proportion is higher than 90% by adopting conventional irrigation water and fertilizer (the concentration of potassium ions in the water and fertilizer is generally about 5 mmol/L), the production and sales of cut flowers and China rose are severely restricted, and the generation proportion can be reduced to below 2% by adopting the fertilizer and water control method.
2. In order to prevent the cut rose from producing silvered flowers in the medium cultivation, the invention reasonably adjusts the plant type of the plant to increase the number of single flowers and branches in winter and spring with higher occurrence ratio of silvered flowers, and controls the thickness of the single flowers and branches to be more than 3 branches and the thickness of the stem and the stem to be within 0.6 cm under the condition of sufficient nutrients. When single flowers are within 3 branches and branches with the stem thickness of more than 0.6 cm appear, the technical measures of pruning thick branches in the early tender branch stage of the flowers, reserving 3 leaves at the basal part of the flowers, promoting the germination of the branches and increasing the quantity of the flowers can solve the problem of flowers in the bag, and can ensure the size of the buds.
3. In order to prevent the occurrence of silvering in the cut-flower rose matrix cultivation, in winter and spring with higher occurrence ratio of silvering, a heating measure is required to be adopted at a low temperature stage in winter to increase the temperature of a greenhouse, and the minimum temperature at night of the cut-flower rose planting greenhouse cannot be lower than 14 ℃ so as to ensure the normal development of plant flower organs.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The "flower in the bag" refers to the flower which grows and develops malformation and cannot normally open in the production process of the cut-flower rose, the agronomic characters of the flower in the bag and the normal flower are shown in the figure 1 ('Pink snow mountain'), and the flower in the bag is more compact relative to the bud of the normal cut-flower rose, and cannot normally open in the later period.
Examples
The cut flower China rose substrate cultivation belongs to a high-efficiency production mode, is provided with high-input greenhouse facilities and matched equipment, is cultivated in the environment, adopts a water and fertilizer integrated cyclic disinfection and utilization irrigation system, and can realize the precise control of all elements of irrigation fertilizer and water. The greenhouse structure has high specification design, the height of the greenhouse is 6.5-9.2 meters, the width of the greenhouse is 8-11 meters, a circulating fan, a shading net, a high-pressure defogging system and the like are matched, the greenhouse environment is controlled, the highest temperature in summer can be controlled within 34 ℃, and the heating equipment in the low-temperature stage in winter can be operated to ensure that the indoor temperature of the greenhouse is above 14 ℃ and the humidity is 55-85%, so that the healthy growth of plants is satisfied; and the substrate cultivation realizes the whole coconut bran substrate planting.
The method for solving the problem of the occurrence of the silvered flowers by the cut flower China rose matrix cultivation takes the 'snow mountain series' variety with higher proportion of the silvered flowers in winter and spring as an example, and the specific technical measures for solving the problem of the occurrence of the silvered flowers are as follows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of a normal cut rose and a silly flower;
FIG. 2 is a plot of large scale occurrence of a comparison of 2 'peach snow mountain';
FIG. 3 compares the large scale occurrence of the spot plot of 4 'pink snow mountain'.
The specific technical measures are as follows:
1. irrigation fertilizer and water control
Starting from the last 10 months, in the low-temperature season with large day-night temperature difference each year, the problem of the occurrence of the silvergrass can be solved by controlling the concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water, the concentration of potassium ions in the irrigation fertilizer water is regulated to be 1.6-1.8 mmol/L, preferably 1.7 mmol/L, but the accumulated concentration of potassium ions in a cultivation substrate is required to be lower than 2.7 mmol/L, and when the concentration of potassium ions in the substrate exceeds a limit value, the problem is solved by adopting a method of flushing the substrate with clear water to reduce the concentration of potassium ions.
Meanwhile, the Ec value, the irrigation times and the irrigation duration of the irrigation fertilizer water are regulated and controlled to reduce the occurrence of sills, the Ec value of the irrigation fertilizer water is regulated and increased appropriately, but the highest Ec value is controlled within 1.5 milliSiemens/cm, the Ec value is preferably 1.1-1.2 milliSiemens/cm, the irrigation times of the fertilizer water are not more than 8 times per day, the rainy weather of low temperature (the low temperature judging method is that the night temperature is lower than 14 ℃ and the daytime temperature is lower than 18 ℃) can be reduced to 3 times, and the irrigation duration of the fertilizer water is about 100 seconds.
In summer, from the last ten days of 3 months, the air temperature starts to rise each year and the illumination is sufficient, the concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water is controlled within 4.2 millimoles/liter, preferably 3.8-4.0 millimoles/liter, and the cumulative concentration of potassium ions in the culture medium is required to be lower than 5.0 millimoles/liter, so that the problem of summer silly flower production of cut-flower China rose culture medium can be solved.
Under the condition that other conditions are consistent, starting in 10 months 1 in the current year, regulating and controlling the concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water according to a table 1, carrying out regulation and control treatment by taking a shed as a unit, counting the proportion of silly flowers in the last 11 months after regulating and controlling a growing period for 2 months, counting the proportion of the silly flowers according to the bud form shown in fig. 1, wherein the incidence of the silly flowers is =the number of silly flowers per the number of cut flowers rose harvested on the same day multiplied by 100%.
TABLE 1 influence of treatment with different irrigation fertilizer Potassium ion concentrations on the growth of flowers
| Test and observation variety | Concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water | Flower emergence rate of Yibao | Yield per mu of branches per day | |
| Process 1 | Peach snow mountain | 1.7 mmol/l | 1.5% | 280-450 |
| Control 1 | Peach snow mountain | 2.5 mmol/l | 25% | 280-450 |
| Control 2 | Peach snow mountain | 3.6 mmol/l | 76% | 280-450 |
| Process 2 | Pink snow mountain | 1.7 mmol/l | 1.7% | 280-450 |
| Control 3 | Pink snow mountain | 2.5 mmol/l | 37% | 280-450 |
| Control 4 | Pink snow mountain | 3.6 mmol/l | 75% | 280-450 |
In autumn and winter each year, the test results of the proportion of potassium ion concentration in irrigation fertilizer water affecting the generation of cut flower rose 'snow mountain series' varieties are shown in table 1, and as can be seen from table 1, the generation probability of the silly flowers is remarkably reduced by regulating and controlling the potassium ion concentration of the irrigation fertilizer water, the large-scale generation condition of the 2 'peach snow mountain' is shown in fig. 2, and the large-scale generation condition of the 4 'pink snow mountain' is shown in fig. 3.
2. Regulating and controlling number of cut rose branches
In winter and spring from the last 10 months of the current year to the last 3 months of the next year, on the basis of fertilizer water regulation, in order to prevent the occurrence of silly flowers in the cut-flower rose matrix cultivation, the plant type is reasonably adjusted to increase the number of single flowers, the number of the single flowers is controlled to be more than 3 under the condition of sufficient nutrients, and the thickness of the stem of the single flowers is controlled to be within 0.6 cm. When single flowers are within 3 branches and branches with the stem thickness of more than 0.6 cm appear, the technical measures of pruning thick branches in the early tender branch stage of the flowers, reserving 3 leaves at the basal part of the flowers, promoting the germination of the branches and increasing the quantity of the flowers can solve the problem of flowers in the bag, and can ensure the size of the buds.
3. Ambient temperature control
In winter and spring with higher proportion of flowers in the silvered bag (from 10 first ten days of the current year to 3 second ten days of the next year), the temperature of the greenhouse is required to be increased by adopting a heating measure in the low-temperature stage in winter so as to ensure the normal development of plant flower organs, and the lowest temperature at night of the planting greenhouse of cut-flower China rose cannot be lower than 14 ℃.
The invention aims at the problem that the cut flower rose is grown in multiple years, and the cut flower rose substrate cultivation plants in the normal production process can be subjected to scientific production management technology, so that the problem of flower covering can be solved, and the method mainly reduces the occurrence of flower covering by a comprehensive technical method of regulating and controlling the concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water, increasing the number of single flowers, controlling the minimum temperature of a greenhouse in winter and spring, regulating and controlling the Ec value of irrigation fertilizer water and the irrigation quantity in the cut flower rose substrate cultivation.
Claims (4)
1. The method for solving the problem of the occurrence of silvered flowers in the cut-flower China rose matrix cultivation comprises irrigation fertilizer and water control, environmental temperature control and cut-flower China rose branch quantity regulation and control, and is characterized in that the irrigation fertilizer and water control comprises the following steps:
s1: regulating and controlling the concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water to be 1.6-1.8 mmol/L from 10 months in the current year; the cumulative concentration of potassium ions in the matrix is less than 2.7 mmoles/liter;
s2: regulating and controlling the concentration of potassium ions in irrigation fertilizer water to be within 4.2 mmol/L from the last 3 months of the next year, wherein the cumulative concentration of potassium ions in a matrix is lower than 5.0 mmol/L;
s3: and (3) regulating and controlling the Ec value of irrigation fertilizer water from the last 10 months of the current year, wherein the Ec value is controlled to be within 1.5 milliSiemens/cm, the times of irrigation fertilizer water are not more than 8 times per day, the low-temperature overcast and rainy weather is reduced to 3 times, the irrigation time of each fertilizer water is 100 seconds, and the low temperature is that the night temperature is lower than 14 ℃ and the daytime temperature is lower than 18 ℃.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the concentration of potassium ions in the irrigation fertilizer water is regulated to be 1.7 mmol/l; in the step S2, the concentration of potassium ions in the irrigation fertilizer water is regulated to be 3.8-4.0 mmol/L; in the step S3, the Ec value of the irrigation fertilizer water is regulated to be 1.1-1.2 milliSiemens/cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ambient temperature control method is: during winter and spring from the last 10 months of the current year to the last 3 months of the next year, the night temperature of the cut flower rose planting greenhouse is not lower than 14 ℃.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method for regulating the number of cut rose branches comprises the steps of: during winter and spring from the last 10 months of the current year to the last 3 months of the next year, controlling the number of flowers and branches of a single plant of the cut flower rose to be more than 3 branches, controlling the stem thickness of the single flower branch to be less than 0.6 cm, and when the single flower branch is within 3 branches and simultaneously the stem thickness of the flower branch to be more than 0.6 cm, pruning the thick branches at the early tender branch stage of the flower branch, and reserving 3 leaves at the basal part of the flower branch to promote the germination of the side branches.
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