CN103371047B - Spring efficient planting method for early-maturing towel gourd varieties - Google Patents
Spring efficient planting method for early-maturing towel gourd varieties Download PDFInfo
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- CN103371047B CN103371047B CN201310324653.0A CN201310324653A CN103371047B CN 103371047 B CN103371047 B CN 103371047B CN 201310324653 A CN201310324653 A CN 201310324653A CN 103371047 B CN103371047 B CN 103371047B
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Abstract
The invention provides a spring efficient planting method for early-maturing towel gourd varieties, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method includes the steps of seed processing, earlier-stage high-density planting, later-stage plant thinning and plant adjusting. According to the spring efficient planting method, seedling emergency rate and seedling germination rate are increased by the seed processing; through the earlier-stage high-density planting, earlier-stage yield is obviously increased, and benefit is increased; through the later-stage plant thinning, ventilating and light transmitting of plants are guaranteed, yield is effectively increased, and product quality is effectively improved; through the plant adjusting, consumption of ineffective nutrients is reduced, and economic yield is greatly increased. The earlier-stage yield is increased by 30%, and benefit per hectare is increased by more than 1000 yuan. The method is simple and convenient to operate, suitable for planting of the early-maturing towel gourd varieties in spring, and easy for bases or planting farmers or research institutions to accept, and has excellent popularization and application prospect.
Description
Technical field
A kind of precocious variety of luffa high-efficiency grow method in spring of the present invention, belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, is exclusively used in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and areas to the south's facility in spring forcing culture thereof.
Technical background
Sponge gourd be China middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and areas to the south thereof main summer and early autumn one of vegetables.For a long time, sponge gourd is outdoor cropping mostly, and traditional sponge gourd cultivation is all carry out the rare density cultivation of open country with built form, and generally all carry out in garden or on wasteland, only cultivate 50-60 strain for every mu, Yield compari@is low, without scale and benefit.Along with the change of people's consumption habit and understanding in depth sponge gourd dietary function; and the fast development of China's facilities horticulture industry; also having there is fairly large facility cultivation in current sponge gourd, is progressively main develop into protecting field and outdoor cropping is laid equal stress on by outdoor cropping.And then define the situation of whole year production year-round supply, in Vegetable produce and supply, played more and more important effect.
In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River facility in spring forcing culture, the early several times to ten times of (front) phase sponge gourd price middle and later periods often, the early raising of (front) phase output, can significantly increase a mu benefit; But owing to carrying out the work starting evening of sponge gourd research, a lot of technical elements is weaker.In production sponge gourd seed many not treated namely directly sow or seed soaking time too short, and sponge gourd seed hulls is hard, not easily absorb water, cause emerging slowly, the seeding stage draws longer, emerges irregular, large seedling difference is large, full stand rate and emergence rate are not high, and seedbed management difficulty increases on the one hand, and field planting and final-period management all can be inconsistent and influenced because of the plant strain growth phase on the other hand; In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River Persistent Rainy Weather in Spring weather takes place frequently simultaneously, and the seeding stage draws longer meeting causes rotten kind of phenomenon to occur.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the full stand rate that exists in above-mentioned prior art and emergence rate is low, early (front) phase output not high, nourish and grow and reproductive growth is uneven etc. defect, provide a kind of precocious variety of luffa high-efficiency grow method in spring, can effectively solve Problems existing in current production, improve full stand rate and emergence rate, remarkable increase is (front) phase output early, balanced nutrients growth and reproductive growth, increase production and improve productivity.
For solving above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of precocious variety of luffa high-efficiency grow method in spring, comprising:
1), seed treatment:
First clean seed with clear water, after be positioned in the water of about 25 DEG C and soak 12-14 hour, namely seed is seeded in after taking out electrically heatedly gets ready in the cave dish of seedling medium, then electric seed bed heater method nursery routinely;
2), early stage, high density was planted:
By spacing in the rows 15 centimetres of field planting sponge gourd seedling, line-spacing is different according to planting patterns difference;
3), the later stage dredges strain:
After the full bearing period, progressively wipe out the plant of 50-60% from root, in order to ventilation and penetrating light;
4), Plant adjustment:
Draw added process sponge gourd plant and tie up in climing process, remove whole side shoots of less than 1.3 meters, the male flower inflorescence of 85%; The pinching when plant reaches 2 meters long; When plant 20 centimetres, upwards grow with the traction such as bamboo pole or plastic ties, adopt man-like shelf or the cultivation of flat canopy.
Further, the precocious variety of luffa high-efficiency grow method in spring of described one, is characterized in that, precocious variety of luffa should adopt based on main climing knot melon, the kind that blade is less, female flower is early open and open continuously, as " Jiangshu No.1 ", " Soviet Union's No. 3, silk " sponge gourd etc.;
Further, the line-spacing that Different Ways of Planting adopts is specially: when cultivating as adopted man-like shelf, should adopt the little row of 55 centimetres and 85 centimetres line-spacings, the alternate plantation of large row; What adopt flat canopy to cultivate should adopt the little row of 30 centimetres and 200-250 centimetre of line-spacing, the alternate plantation of large row, is building flat canopy apart from 1.5-1.8 rice, ground;
Further, the concrete mode that the later stage dredges strain is: begin from the full bearing period, depending on field plant precision, as field light transmittance is obviously deteriorated, when female flower opens and obviously tails off, progressively respectively removes plant part, starts 1 strain inside every 5 strains removals; After 10-15 days, in remaining every 4 strains, remove the 2nd strain; Again after 10-15 days, 1 strain selecting growing way weak in two strains that spacing in the rows is minimum is removed; Making an accurate selection of the target plant for removing, to cut off from root with scissors etc. or cutting off, pumping successively after burning sun is exposed to the sun deliquescing in 2-3 days; The plant of final removal 50-60%.
The present inventor is through repeatedly studying discovery, affect the factor of sponge gourd (front) phase output morning, except the factor such as kind, facility condition, the strain number (planting density) of unit are affects one of key factor, and planting patterns density is in the past lower, spacing in the rows 30-45 centimetre, what production adopted is comparatively low-density planting patterns, and often early (front) phase output is not high, and the full bearing period, output was high, later stage output is unstable, and overall efficiency is not high; The present inventor, through long-felt, is planted by high density in early stage, and early yield increases by 30%, and mu benefit increases by more than 1000 yuan;
After entering the full bearing period, plant strain growth is too tight, and field ventilating air permeability is poor, and nourished and grew prosperous, and inhibit reproductive growth, and then have influence on output, output is usually low and unstable simultaneously; The present invention dredges strain by the later stage, and output is balanced, stay in grade;
All exist the whole vegetative period of sponge gourd and nourish and grow and the contradiction of reproductive growth balance, side shoot is not removed, and often causes nourishing and growing prosperous, thus restraining genital growth, postpone the opening of female flower, and then reduce early (front) phase output, reduce benefit; The present invention, by selecting opportunity suitable in sponge gourd process of growth, removes side shoot, and except three-dimension use luminous energy, then balanced nutrients grows and reproductive growth, increases early yield more than 5%, increases gross yield more than 10%;
From meeting pollen needed for sponge gourd Pollination Fertilization knot melon, have the male flower of 5% open, a large amount of male flowers is open consumes too much nutrient, is unfavorable for forming effective economic flow rate; The present invention, on suitable opportunity, by removing the male flower of Sq, can either ensure required pollen of pollinating, can ensure the abundant of nutrient again, improve output to greatest extent;
The many not pinching of sponge gourd cultivation in production, plant constantly grows within certain time limit, and nourished and grew prosperous, reproductive growth is influenced; Blade is too much overstocked simultaneously, and mutual shading is airtight, and the painted and photosynthesis etc. of sponge gourd sugar-preserved gourd is all affected, and reduces yield and quality; The present invention, by pinching, three-dimensional traction etc., reaches and reduces the mutual opacity of field blade, improves ventilating air permeability, suppressed prosperous and nourish and grow, promotes reproductive growth and the effect of three-dimension use luminous energy etc.
In addition, one provided by the present invention precocious variety of luffa high-efficiency grow method in spring, also by electrical heating point disk seedling growing after first seed soaking, shorten seedling-growing time, full stand rate increases by more than 15%, and emergence rate increases by more than 5%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of precocious variety of luffa high-efficiency grow method in spring, comprising:
1. first clean " Jiangshu No.1 " sponge gourd or " Soviet Union's No. 3, silk " sponge gourd seed with clear water in area, Nanjing mid-February, after be positioned in the water of constant temperature about 25 DEG C soak 12 hours, namely seed is seeded in electrically heated getting ready in the cave dish of seedling medium after taking out, seedling-cultivating method carries out temperature treatment routinely.Within after planting the 5th day and the 10th day, investigate emergence rate respectively, adopt this method process seed and directly sow routinely, within after planting the 5th day, emergence rate is respectively 90% and 75%, and within the 10th day, emergence rate is respectively 95% and 90%.Adopt the seedling size uniformity of this method process seed, Abnormal Seedlings is few, full stand rate 90%; Directly the seedling of sowing is not of uniform size, uneven routinely, and full stand rate 75%, Abnormal Seedlings is more.
2. in mid or late March field planting sponge gourd seedling in booth, adopt man-like shelf cultivation, adopt the little row of 55 centimetres and 85 centimetres line-spacings, the alternate plantation of large row; Be 15 centimetres by the spacing in the rows of this method process, general planting spacing in the rows is 40 centimetres, and other management routinely, to receive sponge gourd output before investigation to June 25 (early or early yield) and income from sales from the beginning.Gather first by the 1218kg/667 ㎡ of this method process, the 852kg/667 ㎡ of general planting; 5 yuan/kg before May 20, be afterwards 4.5 yuan/kg to 3 yuan/kg not etc., by every 667 ㎡ of income from sales more than 4000 yuan before the June 25 of this method process, more than 2800 yuan of general planting.
3. be 15 centimetres, after the full bearing period by the spacing in the rows of this method process, progressively wipe out the plant of 60% from root; General planting spacing in the rows is 40 centimetres, not thin planting strain after the full bearing period; By this method process, field ventilating air permeability is good, the daily output is steady, and plant routinely, after the full bearing period, field ventilating air permeability is poor, and particularly after bai-u rainy period or continuous several days heavy rain, nourished and grew prosperous, female flower is opened less, often occurs that a period of time there is not launch.
4. by this method process, draw added process sponge gourd plant and tie up in climing process, progressively remove whole side shoots of less than 1.3 meters, the male flower inflorescence of 85%, plant routinely and do not remove side shoot also thin eunuchs; Nourish and grow and reproductive growth by balancing of this method process; The ratio not pinching process of the pinching process when plant reaches 2 meters long, blade mutual opacity in field is lower, and ventilating air permeability is good;
By the precocious variety of luffa high-efficiency grow method in spring of the one described in embodiment 1, full stand rate increases by more than 15%, and emergence rate increases by more than 5%; Planted and Plant adjustment by high density in early stage, except three-dimension use luminous energy, also balance and nourish and grow and reproductive growth, early yield increases by 30%, and mu benefit increases by more than 1000 yuan; Dredge strain by the later stage, field ventilating air permeability is good; Output is balanced, stay in grade; This method is easy and simple to handle, is suitable as precocious variety of luffa implantation methods in spring, base or plantation family or R&D institution take like a shot, have fabulous popularizing application prospect.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is from the different of embodiment 1: sponge gourd seed soaks 14 hours in the water of constant temperature about 25 DEG C; After the full bearing period, progressively wipe out the plant of 50% from root.
Claims (4)
1. a precocious variety of luffa high-efficiency grow method in spring, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) seed treatment:
First clean seed with clear water, after be positioned in the water of about 25 DEG C and soak 12-14 hour, namely seed is seeded in after taking out electrically heatedly gets ready in the cave dish of seedling medium, then electric seed bed heater method nursery routinely;
2) early stage, high density was planted:
By spacing in the rows 15 centimetres of field planting sponge gourd seedling, line-spacing is different according to planting patterns difference; The line-spacing that Different Ways of Planting adopts is specially: when adopting man-like shelf cultivation, adopts the little row of 55 centimetres and 85 centimetres line-spacings, the alternate plantation of large row; The little row of the employing adopting flat canopy to cultivate 30 centimetres and 200-250 centimetre of line-spacing, the alternate plantation of large row, building flat canopy apart from 1.5-1.8 rice, ground;
3) later stage dredges strain:
After the full bearing period, progressively wipe out the plant of 50-60% from root, in order to ventilation and penetrating light;
4) Plant adjustment:
Draw added process sponge gourd plant and tie up in climing process, remove whole side shoots of less than 1.3 meters, the male flower inflorescence of 85%; The pinching when plant reaches 2 meters long; When plant 20 centimetres, upwards grow with bamboo pole or plastic ties traction, adopt man-like shelf or the cultivation of flat canopy.
2. one according to claim 1 precocious variety of luffa high-efficiency grow method in spring, is characterized in that: described precocious variety of luffa adopts based on main climing knot melon, the kind that blade is less, female flower is early open and open continuously.
3. the precocious variety of luffa high-efficiency grow method in spring of the one according to any one of claim 1-2, is characterized in that: the concrete mode that the later stage dredges strain is: begin from the full bearing period, depending on field plant precision, progressively respectively remove plant part; Making an accurate selection of the target plant for removing, to cut off from root with scissors or cutting off, pumping successively after burning sun is exposed to the sun deliquescing in 2-3 days; The plant of final removal 50-60%.
4. one according to claim 3 precocious variety of luffa high-efficiency grow method in spring, is characterized in that: the concrete mode progressively respectively removing plant part is: start 1 strain inside every 5 strains removals; After 10-15 days, in remaining every 4 strains, remove the 2nd strain; Again after 10-15 days, 1 strain selecting growing way weak in two strains that spacing in the rows is minimum is removed.
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| CN105900640A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-31 | 固镇县传红家庭农场 | Green pollution-free loofah planting method |
| CN115005089B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-04-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Seed reproduction method of original seeds of towel gourd without browning |
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| CN101385424A (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2009-03-18 | 付秀兰 | Simi II traditional Chinese medicine loofah implantation technique |
| CN102037843A (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-05-04 | 黄将 | Method for planting summer towel gourds |
| CN102037837A (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2011-05-04 | 杨青 | High-yield cultivation technology of five-leaf fragrant luffa |
| CN102475027A (en) * | 2010-11-28 | 2012-05-30 | 刘玲 | Cultivation technology for high-quality and high-yield towel gourds |
| CN102884931A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-01-23 | 金陵科技学院 | High-density long-season cultivation method of towel gourd |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101385424A (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2009-03-18 | 付秀兰 | Simi II traditional Chinese medicine loofah implantation technique |
| CN102037843A (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-05-04 | 黄将 | Method for planting summer towel gourds |
| CN102037837A (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2011-05-04 | 杨青 | High-yield cultivation technology of five-leaf fragrant luffa |
| CN102475027A (en) * | 2010-11-28 | 2012-05-30 | 刘玲 | Cultivation technology for high-quality and high-yield towel gourds |
| CN102884931A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-01-23 | 金陵科技学院 | High-density long-season cultivation method of towel gourd |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
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| 《成都地区春季大棚丝瓜栽培技术》;马济民;《四川农业科技》;20100515(第5期);全文 * |
| 《江蔬1 号丝瓜早熟高产优质无公害栽培技术》;高军等;《长江蔬菜》;20080708(第9期);全文 * |
| 《江蔬一号丝瓜露地丰产技术》;苏小俊等;《长江蔬菜》;20020108(第1期);第2小节栽培技术 * |
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