CN117652340A - Straw mushroom growth promoting method by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw mushroom growth promoting method by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements, which comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the use is 1:2:17, lime, bran and waste cotton together prepare a waste cotton matrix; applying 50% -80% of water on the waste cotton substrate, and fermenting for 19 days; culturing straw mushrooms on the fermented waste cotton substrate, and performing fermentation according to the following steps of 5:2, adding nitrogen and phosphorus element fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen and phosphorus element fertilizer comprises 50% of urea and 50% of diammonium phosphate; the urea and the diammonium phosphate are applied separately and are sprayed once the next day after sowing. Through the design, the straw mushroom with maximized nutrition and maximized yield can be obtained, and meanwhile, the recycling economy based on the overall management of wastes is realized.

Description

A method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of straw mushroom cultivation, and specifically relates to a method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements.

Background technique

Currently, only a few common edible fungi can be grown. Among them, the most widely grown varieties are Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes and Straw mushrooms. With the development of circular economy and the recycling of agricultural waste, mushroom compost has become a common The yield and quality of most cultivated mushrooms in the world have been increased through composting, but some varieties still have yield limitations.

Chinese patent CN105453895A discloses a Brazilian mushroom cultivation process, which mainly includes steps such as preparation of cultivated seeds, sterilization of high-pressure sterilizers, cooling in the cooling room and then entering the inoculation box for inoculation, cultivating in the culture room, cultivating compost, and cultivating the cultivated seeds. Use high-quality wheat grains. Soak the wheat grains in water, then remove the wheat grains and boil them in water. Keep the soil moisture after covering with soil, and always keep the soil moist. When the soil turns white and becomes dry, spray water in time to moisten it. Cover the soil with soil. The fruiting bodies begin to grow in about 20 days. During this period, management of temperature, humidity, ventilation and light should be adjusted. The traditional ingredients of mushroom compost are straw mats and horse manure, both of which provide a source of carbon and nitrogen for the compost flora and meet the subsequent nutritional needs of the mushrooms. For another example, AbouFayssal et al. used olive pruning residues to culture oyster mushrooms and proved that the substrate composition has a direct impact on the distribution of mushroom fatty acids. Of particular importance is nitrogen supply, which determines yield and helps increase total and digestible protein content.

Chinese patent CN116491363A discloses a method for growing oyster mushrooms, which includes the following steps: S10 building a mushroom house → S20 inoculation → S30 cultivation and management → S40 harvesting oyster mushrooms. The self-made culture medium includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: distiller’s grains 93~ 105 parts, 44 to 57 parts of sawdust, 32 to 41 parts of corn cob meal, 12 to 24 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 32 to 47 parts of cotton husks, and 30 to 40 parts of bentonite. The oyster mushroom cultivation method designed by him adopts the cultivation method of distiller's grains. The oyster mushrooms obtained not only have high yield and high quality, but also have low cost. Every 100 kilograms of dried distiller's grains can produce more than 200 kilograms of fresh mushrooms, which is equivalent to the yield of cottonseed husks. However, the flavor and taste of the mushrooms are significantly better than those cultivated with cottonseed husks, and the cost is more than twice as low as cottonseed husks.

Compost has long been used to deliver nutrients to plants. When fertilizer combines with the soil, the soil is mineralized, providing plants with a sustained release of available nutrients. Although it is generally accepted that nutrient cycling is affected by soil moisture, there is no evidence that soil nutrient conditions before mushroom planting also affect the release of nutrients from fertilizers and subsequent effects on plant biomass. Since there is currently no corresponding research, it is not possible to maximize the nutrition and yield of straw mushroom production.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, this application designed a method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements, in order to maximize the nutrition and yield of straw mushroom cultivation through this design, and at the same time achieve overall waste management. circular economy.

A method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements, including:

Use lime, bran, and waste cotton to prepare the waste cotton matrix;

Apply water to the waste cotton substrate and ferment it;

Cultivate straw mushrooms on the fermented waste cotton substrate, and add nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers;

Among them, the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus elements is 5:2.

Preferably, the pre-fermentation time of the waste cotton substrate is 5 days, the post-fermentation time is 3 days, and the total fermentation time is 19 days (19 days calculation: first period: Days 1-4: fermentation period + pasteurized temperature control; The second period: Day 5: sowing period; Day 12: watering; Day 14: needle stage; Day 15: small buttons; Day 16: large buttons; Days 17-19: egg-shaped stage).

Preferably, the nitrogen and phosphorus element fertilizer is 50% urea and 50% diammonium phosphate;

The urea and diammonium phosphate are applied separately and sprinkled once on the second day after sowing.

Preferably, the mass ratio of lime, bran, and waste cotton is 1:2:17.

Preferably, the moisture content of the waste cotton matrix is 50% to 80%.

Preferably, the length, width and height of each layer of the waste cotton matrix equipment are 130cm*150cm*15cm.

Preferably, the total dry weight of the waste cotton matrix is 26-28kg, and the total wet weight of the waste cotton matrix is 40-48kg.

Preferably, the weight of the lime is 750g, the weight of the bran is 2kg, and the weight of the waste cotton is 26kg.

Preferably, in the process of cultivating straw mushrooms on the fermented waste cotton substrate, a biological inoculant, thermophilic fungi, can also be added.

Advantages of this application:

This application designs a method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements, by using lime, bran, and waste cotton with a mass ratio of 1:2:17 to jointly configure a waste cotton matrix; and applying 50% to the waste cotton matrix % to 80% water and carry out fermentation. The first period: Days 1-4: fermentation period + pasteurized temperature control; the second period: Day 5: sowing period; Day 12: water extraction; Day 14: Needle stage; day 15: small buttons; day 16: large buttons; days 17-19: egg-shaped stage harvest. On the second day after sowing, add 50% urea and 50% diammonium phosphate in a ratio of 5:2. Through the above design, this application can cultivate straw mushrooms with maximized nutrition and yield, while achieving a circular economy based on overall waste management.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of straw mushroom cultivation designed in this application.

Detailed ways

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the present invention will be briefly introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following description of the structure of the drawings is only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts. It should be noted here that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

Example 1

This example mainly discusses the influence of substrates on straw mushrooms through different substrates. Research shows that the nutritional content of mushrooms cultured on different substrates will also change accordingly. When comparing the impact of different agricultural wastes on the nutrient content of oyster mushrooms and mushrooms, the recipe with 100% sugarcane bagasse and mineral content showed higher levels of protein, fiber and - Dust value. Studies have shown that among oyster mushrooms cultured on various wood chip substrates, mushrooms based on wood chip substrates have the best nutritional composition, with mushrooms showing the highest dry matter, lipids, nitrogen, iron, zinc and selenium; Then comes a mixture of various sawdust and tree chips, all with the addition of 30% wheat bran and 1% lime. Compost with the addition of defatted pistachio flour and defatted almond flour significantly improved the quality of white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus and increased the yield of oyster mushrooms by more than 30% compared with no added substrate. Adding different levels of wheat bran, rice bran or corn flour to sawdust can improve the yield and quality of shiitake mushrooms. Studies have shown that 25% wheat bran and 40% wheat bran are the best ratios to obtain the highest yield and best quality respectively. Among the four different formulas evaluated, adding morel base soil has the best effect on promoting the growth and quality of morels. Finally, Pleurotus strains produced on substrates containing grape pomace or olive mill waste showed higher bioactive compound content and comparable productivity than wheat-based substrates. Furthermore, quantitative parameters such as good bioefficiency, high mushroom numbers and excellent fruiting body unit weight were obtained when replanting oyster mushrooms using this supplemented substrate. Therefore, the addition of waste mushroom substrates rich in protein additives can serve as a cheap basic material for growing oyster mushrooms while achieving a circular economy based on holistic waste management.

The first stage:

The formula contained in the matrix is: 5% lime, 10% bran, 85% waste cotton, and about 65% moisture content;

Raw material cost: 21.5 yuan/㎡, raw material: available nitrogen content: 0.6g/kg, available phosphorus: 0.2g/kg;

Each layer (1 layer = 1 bed, length * width * height respectively: 130cm * 150cm * 15cm): total dry weight (before adding water): 26-28kg; total wet weight (after adding water): 40-48kg;

Dry weight of each layer: cotton waste: 26kg, bran: 2kg, lime: 750g;

Production cycle: 19 days, before fermentation: 5 days, after fermentation: 3 days;

Environmental protection level: less water consumption, sewage purification and reuse, no sewage discharge;

Step 2: Add nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers;

second stage:

Step 1: On the waste cotton substrate, use different proportions of urea (50%) and diammonium phosphate (50%) to increase nitrogen fertilizer, unit: grams; nitrogen content is: 0; 25; 50; 75; 100; (The fertilizer is urea);

Phosphate fertilizer, unit: grams; phosphorus content are: 0; 10; 20; 30; 40; (the fertilizer is diammonium phosphate);

Step 2: Apply the two fertilizers equally and separately, and sprinkle them once on the second day after sowing;

The results show that the appropriate pH value of the culture material is one of the important conditions for mycelial growth. Selecting the appropriate culture medium and increasing the appropriate nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer ratio are key technical measures to increase straw mushroom production;

When the nitrogen fertilizer ratio is 2.5:1, that is, when the nitrogen fertilizer is 50 grams and the phosphate fertilizer is 20 grams, the maximum yield is 4-4.3kg/bed.

This application designs a method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements, by using lime, bran, and waste cotton with a mass ratio of 1:2:17 to jointly configure a waste cotton matrix; and applying 50% to the waste cotton matrix % to 80% water and carry out fermentation. The first period: Days 1-4: fermentation period + pasteurized temperature control; the second period: Day 5: sowing period; Day 12: water extraction; Day 14: Needle stage; day 15: small buttons; day 16: large buttons; days 17-19: egg-shaped stage harvest. On the second day after sowing, add 50% urea and 50% diammonium phosphate in a ratio of 5:2. Through the above design, this application can cultivate straw mushrooms with maximized nutrition and yield, while achieving a circular economy based on overall waste management.

Example 2

Based on Example 1, this example mainly discusses the effect of additives in cultivated mushrooms. Compared with adding soybeans without adding soybeans, soybean meal-based additives can significantly increase the yield. In addition, waste, including agro-industrial waste and fine grains, mixed with soybean, corn and cotton bran have been shown to be effective in increasing yields, highlighting materials with high S, Cu and Mn content as ideal additives.

Example 3:

Based on Example 2, this example mainly introduces the value of biological inoculants for straw mushroom cultivation. As a substitute for traditional supplements, biological inoculants, like nutritional supplements, can support the growth of mushrooms at different stages of crop development. Certain microbial groups, including bacteria from the genera Azotobacter, Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas, are able to increase hyphal growth of cultivated species while showing antagonistic effects against competing molds, e.g. A large number of bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas or Rhizobium are able to stimulate mycelial growth of cultivated species, and others have been described as favoring and promoting fruiting of mushrooms within the shell. Furthermore, colonization by thermophilic fungi during the conditioning phase of second-stage composting was described as important for stimulating the growth, development and yield of Saccharomyces bisporus and improving substrate selectivity.

Example 4

Based on Example 3, this example mainly introduces the external conditions during straw mushroom cultivation. Temperature, amount of moisture in the air and substrate, type of growth substrate, age and percentage of strains, culture medium, carbon dioxide and oxygen in the growth chamber, air circulation, substrate pH, carbon to nitrogen ratio in the substrate and additives all affect mushroom growth . Selecting the appropriate culture medium, temperature, pH value and substrate are necessary conditions to increase the yield and nutritional value of cultivated shiitake mushrooms. The development of mushroom fruiting bodies depends on lignocellulosic waste, which provides nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen for growth. A large number of different types of agricultural waste, including wheat straw, peanut waste, cotton waste, waste paper, olive mill waste, banana leaves, sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, corn cobs, coffee waste, soybean straw, peanut shells, etc., can be used Cultivation of mushrooms.

Example 5

Based on Example 4, this example mainly introduces the elemental conditions for straw mushroom cultivation. Mushrooms contain dry weight protein, vitamins such as B1, B2, B12, niacin, nicotinic acid, folic acid and ascorbic acid (Mattila et al., 2001) and amino acids, while being low in fat. Temperature, amount of moisture in the air and substrate, type of growth substrate, age and percentage of strains, media, carbon dioxide and oxygen in the growth chamber, air circulation, substrate pH, carbon to nitrogen ratio in the substrate and supplements all affect mushroom growth growth (Kadiri. 1999). Selecting the appropriate culture medium, temperature, pH value and substrate are necessary conditions to increase the yield and nutritional value of cultivated shiitake mushrooms. The development of mushroom fruiting bodies depends on lignocellulosic waste, which provides nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen for growth (Miles and Chang. 2004).

Example 6

Pleurotus strains produced on substrates containing grape pomace or olive mill waste showed higher bioactive compound content and comparable productivity than wheat-based substrates. Providing nutritional supplements to support further mushroom production is a viable alternative for processing large amounts of this waste.

When replanting oyster mushrooms using this supplemented substrate, quantitative parameters such as good bioefficiency, high mushroom numbers and excellent fruiting body unit weight were obtained (Picornell Buendía et al., 2015). Therefore, the addition of waste mushroom substrates rich in protein additives can serve as a cheap basic material for growing oyster mushrooms while achieving a circular economy based on holistic waste management.

Example 7

Based on the examples, this example describes the importance of the substrate in more detail. Research shows that the nutritional composition of mushrooms cultured on different substrates will also change accordingly. When comparing the impact of different agricultural wastes on the nutrient content of oyster mushrooms and mushrooms, the recipe with 100% sugarcane bagasse and mineral content showed higher levels of protein, fiber and - Dust value. Studies have shown that among oyster mushrooms cultured on various wood chip substrates, mushrooms based on wood chip substrates have the best nutritional composition, with mushrooms showing the highest dry matter, lipids, nitrogen, iron, zinc and selenium; Then comes a mixture of various sawdust and tree chips, all with the addition of 30% wheat bran and 1% lime. Compost with the addition of defatted pistachio powder and defatted almond powder significantly improved the quality of white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus and increased the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus by more than 30% compared with no added substrate.

Example 8

The initial stages of mushroom production include a solid fermentation process. Starting from the valorization phase, vegetative mycelium is grown in a controlled environment and under sterile conditions, colonizing the substrate before fruiting. Depending on the strain, there are two main recipes for the production of strain substrates. Both come from agricultural by-products such as grain straw, plant fiber, manure or sawdust. The first is a compost material obtained by fermentation and pasteurization; the second is a non-compost material consisting of a mixture of different agricultural by-products as the main ingredients, the matrix is steam sterilized before inoculation with mycelium.

Example 9

In Brazil or Europe, cereal flours and defatted flours of bran, chicken manure, cottonseed meal, urea, superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, grape pomace, feather meal or dried nuts are considered active ingredients for supplementing mushroom growing substrates.

Urea and diammonium phosphate fertilization methods:

The nitrogen contents are: 0; 25; 50; 75; 100g/20kg material;

The phosphorus contents are: 0; 10; 20; 30; 40g/20kg material;

Nitrogen:phosphorus=2.5:1.

Therefore, this embodiment promotes method improvements for the above materials, including:

Step S1: Use lime, bran, and waste cotton to prepare a waste cotton matrix; apply water on the waste cotton matrix and perform fermentation;

Step S2: Cultivate straw mushrooms on the fermented waste cotton substrate, and add nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers;

Among them, the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus elements is 5:2.

Further, the waste cotton substrate was fermented for a total of 19 days.

Further, the nitrogen and phosphorus element fertilizer is 50% urea and 50% diammonium phosphate;

The urea and diammonium phosphate are applied separately and sprinkled once on the second day after sowing.

Further, the mass ratio of lime, bran, and waste cotton is 1:2:17.

Further, the moisture content of the waste cotton matrix is 50% to 80%.

Further, the equipment length, width and height of the waste cotton matrix are 130cm*150cm*15cm.

Further, the total dry weight of the waste cotton matrix is 26-28kg, and the total wet weight of the waste cotton matrix is 40-48kg.

Further, the weight of the lime is 600-800g, the weight of the bran is 1-3kg, and the weight of the waste cotton is 20-32kg.

Furthermore, in the process of cultivating straw mushrooms on the fermented waste cotton substrate, biological inoculant thermophilic fungi can also be added.

Further, the first to fourth days of waste cotton matrix co-fermentation: fermentation period + pasteurized temperature control; the second period: day 5: sowing period; day 12: water extraction; day 14: needle stage; day 15 Day: small button; day 16: big button; day 17-19: egg-shaped stage.

Results part: When the nitrogen fertilizer is 50 grams and the phosphorus fertilizer is 20 grams, it is the fertilization ratio with the maximum yield of straw mushroom. As the amount of fertilizer increases, the yield increases. When the nitrogen fertilizer is 50 grams and the phosphorus fertilizer is 20 grams, the maximum yield is reached. After that, As the amount of fertilizer increases, the yield decreases. As the amount of fertilizer increases, the yield shows a parabolic trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The yields are 0; 3.1; 4.9; 3; 2.5 kg/layer respectively.

Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements, which is characterized by including: Use lime, bran, and waste cotton to prepare the waste cotton matrix; Apply water to the waste cotton substrate and ferment it; Cultivate straw mushrooms on the fermented waste cotton substrate, and add nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers; Among them, the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus elements is 5:2. 2. A method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste cotton substrate is fermented for a total of 19 days. 3. A method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the nitrogen and phosphorus element fertilizers are 50% urea and 50% diammonium phosphate; The urea and diammonium phosphate are applied separately and sprinkled once on the second day after sowing. 4. A method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of lime, bran and waste cotton is 1:2:17. 5. A method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the moisture content of the waste cotton matrix is 50% to 80%. 6. A method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the equipment length, width and height of the waste cotton substrate are 130cm*150cm*15cm. 7. A method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements according to claim 3, characterized in that the total dry weight of the waste cotton matrix is 26-28kg, and the total wet weight of the waste cotton matrix is 40~48kg. 8. A method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements according to claim 3, characterized in that the weight of the lime is 600-800g, the weight of the bran is 1-3kg, and the waste cotton Weight is 20~32kg. 9. A method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements according to claim 3, characterized in that in the process of cultivating straw mushrooms on the fermented waste cotton matrix, a biological inoculant can also be added. Hot fungus. 10. A method for promoting the growth of straw mushrooms by adding nitrogen and phosphorus elements according to claim 2, characterized in that the first to fourth days of co-fermentation of waste cotton matrix: fermentation period + pasteurized temperature control; the second period : Day 5: Sowing period; Day 12: Fetching water; Day 14: Needle stage; Day 15: Small buttons; Day 16: Big buttons; Days 17-19: Egg-shaped stage.