CN117624837A - 树脂组成物、及使用该树脂组成物所制得的半固化片、金属箔积层板及印刷电路板 - Google Patents
树脂组成物、及使用该树脂组成物所制得的半固化片、金属箔积层板及印刷电路板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117624837A CN117624837A CN202211078755.4A CN202211078755A CN117624837A CN 117624837 A CN117624837 A CN 117624837A CN 202211078755 A CN202211078755 A CN 202211078755A CN 117624837 A CN117624837 A CN 117624837A
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- bismaleimide
- resin
- epoxy resin
- metal foil
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- 229920003192 poly(bis maleimide) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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Abstract
本发明提供一种树脂组成物及其应用。该树脂组成物包含:(A)环氧树脂;(B)双马来酰亚胺树脂;以及(C)第一阻燃剂,其具下式(I)的结构:其中,Ar、R1、R2及R3如说明书所定义。
Description
技术领域
本发明关于一种树脂组成物,特别是关于一种包含特定阻燃剂的环氧树脂系树脂组成物。本发明树脂组成物可与补强材构成半固化片(prepreg),或可作为金属箔的接着剂,以制备金属箔积层板(metal-clad laminate)及印刷电路板(printed circuit board,PCB)。
背景技术
印刷电路板为电子装置的电路基板,其搭载其他电子构件并将这些构件电性连通,以提供安稳的电路工作环境。常见的印刷电路板基板为铜箔积层板(copper cladlaminate,CCL),其主要是由树脂、补强材及铜箔所组成。常见的树脂如环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚胺甲醛、硅酮及铁氟龙等;常用的补强材则如玻璃纤维布、玻璃纤维蓆、绝缘纸、亚麻布等。
一般而言,印刷电路板可以如下方法制得。将例如玻璃织物的一补强材含浸于树脂组成物(例如环氧树脂组成物)中,并将经含浸树脂组成物的玻璃织物硬化至半硬化状态(即B-阶段(B-stage))以获得一半固化片。随后,将预定层数的半固化片层叠,并于该层叠半固化片的至少一外侧层叠一金属箔以提供一层叠物,接着对该层叠物进行热压操作(即C-阶段(C-stage))而得到一金属箔积层板。蚀刻该金属箔积层板表面的金属箔以形成特定的电路图案(circuit pattern)。而后,在该金属箔积层板上凿出多个孔洞,并在这些孔洞中镀覆导电材料以形成通孔(via holes),借此完成印刷电路板的制备。
利用环氧树脂组成物制作印刷电路板时,为了赋予电子材料阻燃性,通常会在组成物中添加各种阻燃剂,如含卤阻燃剂或含磷阻燃剂等),但含卤阻燃剂已因环保问题被限制使用。常用的含磷阻燃剂包括磷腈化合物(如大冢化学生产的SPB-100)或缩合磷酸酯(如大八化学生产的PX-200),但那些阻燃剂存在熔点较低、热分解温度低、高温游离性过高等问题,由此所制得的基板热膨胀系数大,容易在印刷电路板制造过程中发生内层龟裂,从而降低工艺质量。
WO2010/135398公开一种含磷阻燃剂,其是9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)的衍生物,该衍生物具有一分子中心含有两个DOPO基(DiDOPO),且具有好的热稳定性及阻燃性。
另外,目前已知可使用双马来酰亚胺树脂(bismaleimide,BMI)作为环氧树脂的替代材料,或者将双马来酰亚胺树脂添加至环氧树脂组成物中来改善所制得的介电材料的耐热性。然而,添加双马来酰亚胺树脂将使得介电材料与金属箔(例如铜箔)的附着性不足(即,抗撕强度较差),且介电特性(例如损耗因子(dissipation factor,Df))较差。上述缺点导致双马来酰亚胺树脂在环氧树脂系统中的应用一直受到限制。
因此,本领域亟需开发一种新的树脂组成物来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明人研究发现,上述技术问题意外地可通过于环氧树脂组成物中使用双马来酰亚胺树脂及特定结构的阻燃剂的方式获得解决。所述环氧树脂组成物制得的电子材料可具备良好的玻璃转换温度(Tg)、热膨胀系数(z-CTE)、耐热性、电性、吸湿后的电性、尺寸安定性、与金属层的黏附性(抗撕强度)、阻燃性及加工性(如翘曲性及填胶性),并且于环氧树脂系统使用双马来酰亚胺树脂所致的抗撕强度及电性劣化情况也可获得改善。
因此,本发明的一目的在于提供一种树脂组成物,其包含:
(A)环氧树脂;
(B)双马来酰亚胺树脂;以及
(C)第一阻燃剂,其具下式(I)的结构:
其中,
Ar为C3至C18杂芳基或C6至C18芳基;
R1为氢或C1至C18烷基;以及
R2及R3各自独立为氢、C1至C18烷基、C3至C18杂芳基、或C6至C18芳基。
于本发明的部分实施方案中,该双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)与第一阻燃剂(C)的重量比为5∶1至1∶5。
于本发明的部分实施方案中,该环氧树脂(A)选自以下群组:双酚型环氧树脂、酚醛型环氧树脂、二苯乙烯型环氧树脂、含三嗪(triazine)骨架的环氧树脂、含茀骨架的环氧树脂、三酚基甲烷型环氧树脂、伸茬基(xylylene)型环氧树脂、联苯型环氧树脂、联苯芳烷基型环氧树脂、萘型环氧树脂、二环戊二烯(dicyclopentadiene,DCPD)型环氧树脂、脂环式环氧树脂、及其组合。
于本发明的部分实施方案中,该双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)具有由下式(II)所示的结构:
其中,R4选自以下群组:亚甲基(-CH2-)、4,4′-二苯甲烷基间伸苯基双酚A二苯醚基3,3′-二甲基-5,5′-二乙基-4,4′-二苯甲烷基4-甲基-1,3-伸苯基及(2,2,4-三甲基)-1,6-伸己基
于本发明的部分实施方案中,该双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)选自以下群组:1,2-双马来酰亚胺基乙烷、1,6-双马来酰亚胺基己烷、1,3-双马来酰亚胺基苯、1,4-双马来酰亚胺基苯、2,4-双马来酰亚胺基甲苯、4,4′-双马来酰亚胺基二苯基甲烷、4,4′-双马来酰亚胺基二苯基醚、3,3′-双马来酰亚胺基二苯基砜、4,4′-双马来酰亚胺基二苯基砜、4,4′-双马来酰亚胺基二环己基甲烷、3,5-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)吡啶、2,6-双马来酰亚胺基吡啶、1,3-双(马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷、1,3-双(马来酰亚胺基甲基)苯、1,1-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)环己烷、1,3-双(二氯马来酰亚胺基)苯、4,4′-双柠康酰亚胺基二苯基甲烷(4,4′-biscitraconimidodiphenylmethane)、2,2-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)丙烷、1-苯基-1,1-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)乙烷、α,α-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)甲苯、3,5-双马来酰亚胺基-1,2,4-三唑、N,N′-伸乙基双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-六亚甲基双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-间-伸苯基双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-对-伸苯基双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-4,4′-二苯基甲烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-4,4′-二苯基醚双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-4,4′-二苯基砜双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-4,4′-二环己基甲烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-α,α′-4,4′-二亚甲基环己烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-间二甲苯双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-4,4′-二苯基环己烷双马来酰亚胺、及其组合。
于本发明的部分实施方案中,第一阻燃剂(C)选自以下群组:
及其组合。
于本发明的部分实施方案中,以树脂组成物的固含量计,该双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)与第一阻燃剂(C)的含量各自独立为5重量%至35重量%。
于本发明的部分实施方案中,以树脂组成物的固含量计,该环氧树脂(A)的含量为3重量%至15重量%。
于本发明的部分实施方案中,树脂组成物更包含选自以下群组的硬化剂:氰酸酯(cyanate ester)树脂、苯并恶嗪(benzoxazine)树脂、酚醛树脂(phenol novolac,PN)、苯乙烯马来酸酐(styrene maleic anhydride,SMA)树脂、二氰二胺(dicyandiamide,Dicy)、二胺基二苯砜(diaminodiphenyl sulfone,DDS)、胺基三氮杂苯酚醛(amino triazinenovolac,ATN)树脂、二胺基二苯甲烷(diaminodiphenylmethane)、苯乙烯-乙烯基酚共聚物、及其组合。
于本发明的部分实施方案中,树脂组成物更包含选自以下群组的硬化促进剂:咪唑化合物(imidazole)、吡啶化合物(pyridine)、及其组合。
于本发明的部分实施方案中,树脂组成物更包含选自以下群组的填料:二氧化硅(包括中空二氧化硅)、氧化铝、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、碳酸钙、滑石、黏土、氮化铝、氮化硼、氢氧化铝、碳化铝硅、碳化硅、碳酸钠、二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化锆、石英、钻石、类钻石、石墨、煅烧高岭土、白岭土、云母、水滑石、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)粉末、玻璃珠、陶瓷晶须、奈米碳管、奈米级无机粉体、及其组合。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种半固化片,其通过将上述树脂组成物含浸或涂布一基材,并干燥该经含浸或涂布的基材而制得。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种金属箔积层板,其通过将上述半固化片与金属箔层合所制得,或通过将上述树脂组成物涂布于金属箔并干燥该经涂布的金属箔而制得。
本发明的再一目的在于提供一种印刷电路板,其由上述金属箔积层板所制得。
具体实施方式
以下将具体地描述根据本发明的部分具体实施方案;但,本发明尚可以多种不同形式的方案来实践,不应将本发明保护范围解释为限于说明书所陈述的。除非有另外说明,于本说明书及专利申请范围中所使用的“一”、“该”及类似用语应理解为包含单数及复数形式。
除非有另外说明,于本说明书及申请专利范围中描述溶液、混合物、组合物、或胶水中所含的成分时,以固含量(dry weight)计算,即,未纳入溶剂的重量。
除非另有说明,于本说明书及申请专利范围中所使用的“第一”、“第二”及类似用语仅用于区分所描述的元件或成分,本身并无特殊涵义,且并非用于代表先后顺序。
本发明树脂组成物通过组合使用环氧树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂及特定结构的阻燃剂可使所制得的电子材料具备优良的玻璃转换温度、热膨胀系数、耐热性、电性、吸湿后的电性、尺寸安定性、与金属层的黏附性(抗撕强度)、阻燃性及加工性(如翘曲性及填胶性),同时可改善环氧树脂系统因为使用双马来酰亚胺树脂所致的抗撕强度及电性劣化情况。以下就本发明树脂组成物及其相关应用提供详细说明。
1.树脂组成物
本发明树脂组成物包含(A)环氧树脂、(B)双马来酰亚胺树脂及(C)具特定结构的第一阻燃剂作为必要成分,且可视需要进一步包含选用成分。各成分的详细说明如下。
1.1.(A)环氧树脂
本文中,环氧树脂指在一分子中具有至少两个环氧官能基的热固性树脂,例如多官能基环氧树脂、酚醛型环氧树脂或其组合。多官能基环氧树脂的实例包括但不限于双官能基环氧树脂、四官能基环氧树脂、及八官能基环氧树脂。环氧树脂的种类并无特殊限制,本发明所属技术领域技术人员于观得本案说明书后可视需要选用。举例言之,可使用含溴环氧树脂,以赋予热固性树脂组成物较佳的阻燃性质,也可使用不含卤素(如溴)的环氧树脂,以因应无卤的环保需求。
可用于本发明的环氧树脂包括但不限于双酚型环氧树脂、酚醛型环氧树脂、二苯乙烯型环氧树脂、含三嗪(triazine)骨架的环氧树脂、含茀骨架的环氧树脂、三酚基甲烷型环氧树脂、伸茬基(xylylene)型环氧树脂、联苯型环氧树脂、联苯芳烷基型环氧树脂、萘型环氧树脂、二环戊二烯(dicyclopentadiene,DCPD)型环氧树脂、及脂环式环氧树脂。双酚型环氧树脂的实例包括但不限于双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、及双酚S型环氧树脂。酚醛型环氧树脂(例如线性酚醛环氧树脂)的实例包括但不限于苯酚酚醛型环氧树脂、甲酚酚醛型环氧树脂、双酚A酚醛型环氧树脂、及双酚F酚醛型环氧树脂。环氧树脂的实例尚可包括多官能酚类及蒽等多环芳香族类的二缩水甘油醚化合物。
前述各环氧树脂可以单独使用,也可混合使用,本领域技术人员可依据实际需要而自行调配。于本发明部分实施方案中,使用双酚A型环氧树脂、酚醛型环氧树脂或其组合。
一般而言,以树脂组成物固含量计,环氧树脂的含量可为3重量%至15重量%,例如3重量%、3.5重量%、4重量%、4.5重量%、5重量%、5.5重量%、6重量%、6.5重量%、7重量%、7.5重量%、8重量%、8.5重量%、9重量%、9.5重量%、10重量%、10.5重量%、11重量%、11.5重量%、12重量%、12.5重量%、13重量%、13.5重量%、14重量%、14.5重量%、或15重量%,或介于由上述任两数值所构成的范围,但本发明不限于此。
1.2.(B)双马来酰亚胺树脂
本文中,双马来酰亚胺树脂指具有两个马来酰亚胺官能基(maleimidefunctional group)的化合物或聚合物。双马来酰亚胺树脂具有含反应性双键的马来酰亚胺官能基,可与其他含不饱和官能基或环氧基的成分发生交联反应。当树脂组成物包含双马来酰亚胺树脂时,所制得电子材料的耐热性可被改善。
本发明所述双马来酰亚胺树脂可具有由下式(II)所示的结构:
于式(II)中,R4选自以下群组:亚甲基(-CH2-)、4,4′-二苯甲烷基间伸苯基双酚A二苯醚基3,3′-二甲基-5,5′-二乙基-4,4′-二苯甲烷基4-甲基-1,3-伸苯基及(2,2,4-三甲基)-1,6-伸己基
双马来酰亚胺树脂的具体实例包括但不限于:1,2-双马来酰亚胺基乙烷、1,6-双马来酰亚胺基己烷、1,3-双马来酰亚胺基苯、1,4-双马来酰亚胺基苯、2,4-双马来酰亚胺基甲苯、4,4′-双马来酰亚胺基二苯基甲烷、4,4′-双马来酰亚胺基二苯基醚、3,3′-双马来酰亚胺基二苯基砜、4,4′-双马来酰亚胺基二苯基砜、4,4′-双马来酰亚胺基二环己基甲烷、3,5-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)吡啶、2,6-双马来酰亚胺基吡啶、1,3-双(马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷、1,3-双(马来酰亚胺基甲基)苯、1,1-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)环己烷、1,3-双(二氯马来酰亚胺基)苯、4,4′-双柠康酰亚胺基二苯基甲烷(4,4′-biscitraconimidodiphenylmethane)、2,2-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)丙烷、1-苯基-1,1-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)乙烷、α,α-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)甲苯、3,5-双马来酰亚胺基-1,2,4-三唑、N,N′-伸乙基双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-六亚甲基双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-间-伸苯基双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-对-伸苯基双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-4,4′-二苯基甲烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-4,4′-二苯基醚双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-4,4′-二苯基砜双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-4,4′-二环己基甲烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-α,α′-4,4′-二亚甲基环己烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-间二甲苯双马来酰亚胺、N,N′-4,4′-二苯基环己烷双马来酰亚胺、及N,N′-亚甲基双(3-氯-对-伸苯基)双马来酰亚胺。商业上可购得的双马来酰亚胺树脂包括可购自KI化学(KI Chemical)公司的型号为BMI-70及BMI-80的产品,以及可购自大和化成工业的型号为BMI-1000、BMI-2300、BMI-4000、BMI-5000、BMI-5100、及BMI-7000的产品。
前述各双马来酰亚胺树脂可单独使用或混合使用,本领域技术人员可依据实际需要而自行调配。于本发明的部分实施方案中,使用4,4′-二苯甲烷基双马来酰亚胺(即,式(II)的R4为4,4′-二苯甲烷基的方案)。
一般而言,以树脂组成物的固含量计,双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)的含量可为5重量%至35重量%,例如5重量%、5.5重量%、6重量%、6.5重量%、7重量%、7.5重量%、8重量%、8.5重量%、9重量%、9.5重量%、10重量%、10.5重量%、11重量%、11.5重量%、12重量%、12.5重量%、13重量%、13.5重量%、14重量%、14.5重量%、15重量%、15.5重量%、16重量%、16.5重量%、17重量%、17.5重量%、18重量%、18.5重量%、19重量%、19.5重量%、20重量%、20.5重量%、21重量%、21.5重量%、22重量%、22.5重量%、23重量%、23.5重量%、24重量%、24.5重量%、25重量%、25.5重量%、26重量%、26.5重量%、27重量%、27.5重量%、28重量%、28.5重量%、29重量%、29.5重量%、30重量%、30.5重量%、31重量%、31.5重量%、32重量%、32.5重量%、33重量%、33.5重量%、34重量%、34.5重量%、或35重量%,或介于由上述任两数值所构成的范围,但本发明不限于此。
1.3.(C)第一阻燃剂
一般而言,阻燃剂可提升所制电子材料的难燃性。本文中,第一阻燃剂为具有下式(I)的特定结构的化合物:
于式(I)中,Ar可为C3至C18杂芳基或C6至C18芳基;R1可为氢或C1至C18烷基;以及R2及R3可各自独立为氢、C1至C18烷基、C3至C18杂芳基、或C6至C18芳基。上述C3至C18的杂芳基指于一个或多个芳香环或稠环中具有一个或多个杂原子(如氧、氮及硫)的具有3至18个碳原子的芳香环或稠环结构。上述C6至C18的芳基指具有6至18个碳原子的芳香族单环、多环或稠环结构。C3至C18的杂芳基的实例包括但不限于吡啶基、呋喃基及咪唑基;C6至C18芳基的实例包括但不限于苯基、萘基及蒽基;以及C1至C18烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基及异丁基。此外,第一阻燃剂的Ar较佳为苯基、萘基或蒽基,更佳为苯基或萘基,尤佳为苯基。当第一阻燃剂符合上述条件时,树脂组成物所制得的电子材料可具有更佳的特性,包括更佳的热膨胀性及吸湿后电性。
第一阻燃剂(C)的实例包括但不限于选自以下群组的至少一种:
及于本发明的部分实施方案中,第一阻燃剂(C)具有式(I-1)的结构。
相较于其他DOPO系阻燃剂,本发明所使用的第一阻燃剂(C)包含经芳基取代的伸乙基的架桥基。于不受理论限制下,咸信由于该架桥基链较短,使得第一阻燃剂(C)具有较好的刚性;且由于伸乙烯基上的芳基取代基会造成较大的立体障碍效应,而赋予该第一阻燃剂(C)良好的化学稳定性及低挥发性,因此由本发明树脂组成物所制得的电子材料可具有较佳的阻燃性质。
研究发现,双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)与第一阻燃剂(C)可发挥特殊协同作用,使得本发明树脂组成物不仅可改善在环氧树脂系统中添加双马来酰亚胺时所致的积层板与金属箔附着性不佳的情况,还可为积层板提供良好的积层板特性及介电特性。此外,双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)与第一阻燃剂(C)的重量比较佳为1∶6至6∶1,更佳为1∶5至5∶1,例如1∶6、1∶5、1∶4、1∶3、1∶2、1∶1、2∶1、3∶1、4∶1、5∶1、6∶1,或介于由上述任两数值所构成的范围。当双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)与第一阻燃剂(C)的重量比在所述范围内,本发明树脂组成物所制得的电子材料可具有更佳的抗撕强度、吸湿后的电性性质、及填胶性。
一般而言,以树脂组成物的固含量计,第一阻燃剂(C)的含量可为5重量%至35重量%,例如5重量%、5.5重量%、6重量%、6.5重量%、7重量%、7.5重量%、8重量%、8.5重量%、9重量%、9.5重量%、10重量%、10.5重量%、11重量%、11.5重量%、12重量%、12.5重量%、13重量%、13.5重量%、14重量%、14.5重量%、15重量%、15.5重量%、16重量%、16.5重量%、17重量%、17.5重量%、18重量%、18.5重量%、19重量%、19.5重量%、20重量%、20.5重量%、21重量%、21.5重量%、22重量%、22.5重量%、23重量%、23.5重量%、24重量%、24.5重量%、25重量%、25.5重量%、26重量%、26.5重量%、27重量%、27.5重量%、28重量%、28.5重量%、29重量%、29.5重量%、30重量%、30.5重量%、31重量%、31.5重量%、32重量%、32.5重量%、33重量%、33.5重量%、34重量%、34.5重量%、或35重量%,或介于由上述任两数值所构成的范围,但本发明不限于此。
1.3.其他视需要的选用成分
除上述成分外,本发明的树脂组成物中可进一步包含其他选用成分,以针对性改良由树脂组成物所制的电子材料的物化性质,或改良树脂组成物在制造过程中的可加工性。本发明树脂组成物的选用成分可为任何本领域所熟知的添加剂,例如硬化促进剂、硬化剂、填料、分散剂、弹性体、增韧剂、黏度调整剂、除第一阻燃剂(C)以外的其他阻燃剂、塑化剂、偶合剂等。此类添加剂的使用乃本发明所属技术领域中技术人员于观得本说明书的公开内容后,可依其通常知识视需要进行及完成的,且非本发明的技术重点所在,于此不详细赘述,下文兹例举硬化促进剂、硬化剂、及填料进行说明。
1.3.1.硬化剂促进剂
硬化促进剂可促进环氧官能基反应,并降低树脂组成物的固化反应温度。硬化促进剂可为任何能促进环氧官能基开环并降低固化反应温度的物质,其实例包括三级胺、四级胺、咪唑化合物、及吡啶化合物,且前述各硬化促进剂可单独使用或组合使用。于本发明的部分实施方案中,所述硬化促进剂是咪唑化合物、吡啶化合物或其组合,咪唑化合物的实例包括但不限于2-甲基咪唑(2-methyl-imidazole,2MI)、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(2-ethyl-4-methyl-imidazole,2E4MZ)、及2-苯基咪唑(2-phenyl-imidazole,2PI),吡啶化合物的实例包括但不限于2,3-二胺基吡啶、2,5-二胺基吡啶、2,6-二胺基吡啶、4-二甲基胺基吡啶、2-胺基-3-甲基吡啶、2-胺基-4-甲基吡啶、及2-胺基-3-硝基吡啶。于本发明的部分实施方案中,采用2-苯基咪唑及2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑作为硬化剂促进剂。
一般而言,以树脂组成物固含量计,硬化促进剂的含量可为0.01重量%至0.1重量%,例如0.01重量%、0.02重量%、0.03重量%、0.04重量%、0.05重量%、0.06重量%、0.07重量%、0.08重量%、0.09重量%、或0.1重量%,或介于由上述任两数值所构成的范围,但本发明不限于此。
1.3.2.硬化剂
硬化剂可为任何习知可适用于环氧树脂的硬化剂,例如含羟基的化合物、含胺基的化合物、酸酐化合物、及活性酯化合物。硬化剂的实例包括但不限于:氰酸酯树脂、苯并恶嗪树脂、酚醛树脂(PN)、苯乙烯马来酸酐树脂(SMA)、二氰二胺(Dicy)、二胺基二苯砜(DDS)、胺基三氮杂苯酚醛树脂(ATN)、二胺基二苯甲烷、苯乙烯-乙烯基酚共聚物及其组合。于本发明的部分实施方案中,采用苯并恶嗪树脂、苯乙烯马来酸酐树脂或其组合作为硬化剂。
一般而言,以树脂组成物固含量计,硬化剂的含量可为5重量%至30重量%,例如5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%、15重量%、16重量%、17重量%、18重量%、19重量%、20重量%、21重量%、22重量%、23重量%、24重量%、25重量%、26重量%、27重量%、28重量%、29重量%、或30重量%,或介于由上述任两数值所构成的范围,但本发明不限于此。
1.3.3.填料
填料的实例包括但不限于选自以下群组的有机或无机填料:二氧化硅(如球型、熔融态(fused)、非熔融态、多孔质或中空型二氧化硅)、氧化铝、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、碳酸钙、滑石、黏土、氮化铝、氮化硼、氢氧化铝、碳化铝硅、碳化硅、碳酸钠、二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化锆、石英、钻石、类钻石、石墨、煅烧高岭土、白岭土、云母、水滑石、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)粉末、玻璃珠、陶瓷晶须、奈米碳管、奈米级无机粉体及其组合。于本发明的部分实施方案中,采用二氧化硅填料。
一般而言,以树脂组成物固含量计,填料的含量可为0重量%至45重量%,例如1重量%、3重量%、5重量%、7重量%、10重量%、13重量%、15重量%、17重量%、20重量%、23重量%、25重量%、27重量%、30重量%、33重量%、35重量%、37重量%、40重量%、43重量%、或45重量%,或介于由上述任两数值所构成的范围,但本发明不限于此。
1.4.树脂组成物的制备
关于本发明树脂组成物的制备,可通过将树脂组成物各成分,包括(A)环氧树脂、(B)双马来酰亚胺树脂、(C)第一阻燃剂、及其他视需要的选用成分,以搅拌器均匀混合并溶解或分散于溶剂中而制成清漆状的形式,供后续加工利用。所述溶剂可为任何可溶解或分散树脂组成物各成分、但不与这些成分反应的惰性溶剂。举例言之,可用以溶解或分散树脂组成物各成分的溶剂包含但不限于甲苯、γ-丁内酯、甲乙酮、环己酮、丁酮、丙酮、二甲苯、甲基异丁基酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(N,N-dimethyl formamide,DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(N,N-dimethyl acetamide,DMAc)、及N-甲基吡咯烷酮(N-methyl-pyrolidone,NMP),且前述各溶剂可单独使用或混合使用。溶剂的用量并无特殊限制,原则上只要能使树脂组成物各组分均匀溶解或分散于其中即可。于本发明的部分实施方案中,使用甲乙酮及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合物作为溶剂。
2.半固化片
本发明也提供一种由上述树脂组成物所制得的半固化片,其中通过将一基材含浸如上述的树脂组成物或将上述的树脂组成物涂布于一基材,并干燥该经含浸或涂布的基材而制得。常用的基材包括但不限于由选自下列群组的材料所制得的纸、布或毡:纸纤维、玻璃纤维、石英纤维、有机高分子纤维、碳纤维、及前述的组合。有机高分子纤维的实例包括但不限于高模量聚丙烯(high-modulus polypropylene,HMPP)纤维、聚酰胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯(ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene,UHMWPE)纤维、及液晶聚合物(liquid crystal polymer,LCP),且由群组的材料所制得的布可为织物或非织物。于本发明的部分实施方案中,使用2116强化玻璃纤维布作为补强材,并在175℃下加热干燥2至15分钟(B-阶段),从而制得半固化状态的半固化片。
3.金属箔积层板及印刷电路板
本发明也提供一种金属箔积层板,其通过将前文所述的半固化片与金属箔加以层合而制得,或通过将前文所述的树脂组成物涂布于金属箔,接着干燥该经涂布的金属箔而制得。于使用半固化片制备金属箔积层板的情况中,可层叠复数层的上述半固化片,接着于经层叠的半固化片所构成的介电层的至少一外侧表面层叠一金属箔(如铜箔)以提供一层叠物,并对该层叠物进行一热压操作而得到金属箔积层板。
上述金属箔积层板可通过进一步图案化其外侧的金属箔,而形成印刷电路板。
4.实施例
4.1.量测方式说明
现以下列具体实施例进一步例示说明本发明,其中,所采用的量测仪器及方法分别如下:
[玻璃转移温度(Tg)测试]
将作为评估用的积层板通过蚀刻去除其两面铜箔,对所得到的无包层板以热机械分析仪(Thermomechanical Analyzer,TMA)进行玻璃转移温度(Tg)的测量。玻璃转移温度的测试规范为电子电路互联与封装学会(The Institute for Interconnecting andPackaging Electronic Circuits,IPC)的IPC-TM-650.2.4.24C号检测方法。
[热膨胀系数(z-CTE)量测]
以热机械分析仪(thermomechanical analyzer,TMA)来量测完全固化的热固性树脂组合物Z轴方向(板厚方向)的热膨胀系数(z-CTE)。测试方式如下:准备5毫米×5毫米×1.5毫米的完全固化的热固性树脂组合物作为测试样品,设定起始温度为30℃、结束温度为330℃、升温速度为10℃/分钟、荷重为0.05牛顿(N),在所述条件下于膨胀/压缩模式下对测试样品进行热机械分析,量测在30℃至330℃的温度范围内的每1℃的热膨胀量并取其平均值。z-CTE的单位为%。
[抗撕强度测试]
抗撕强度指金属箔对经热压层合的半固化片的附着力而言,以1/8英寸宽度的铜箔(0.5盎司)自板面上垂直撕起,以其所需力量的大小来表达附着力的强弱。抗撕强度的单位为磅力/英寸(lbf/in)。
[耐热性测试]
根据IPC-TM-6502.4.24.1规范,将金属箔积层板浸泡于288℃锡炉中,记录至爆板所需时间。
[尺寸安定性测试]
将四片半固化片层合以制备待测样品。根据IPC-TM-650 2.4.24.5规范,使用热机械分析仪(thermal mechanical analyzer,TMA)测量待测样品在低于Tg的温度下的热膨胀系数(coefficient of thermal exapansion,CTE)α1及在Z轴方向上的热膨胀系数改变率(总z-CTE)。α1系在50℃至120℃的温度范围内测得,单位为ppm/℃。总z-CTE是在50℃至260℃的温度范围内测得,单位为%。
[翘曲性测试]
根据IPC TM-650-2.4.22规范将金属箔积层板进行单面蚀刻,观察积层板翘曲现象,并计算弯翘率。
[填胶测试]
测试树脂流动性(resin flow),取以树脂组成物含浸1037玻璃纤维布以提供一半固化片,将半固化片以钢板/铜箔/半固化片/有孔样板(pattern)/铜箔/钢板的排列顺序进行叠置,叠置后放入压合机中,以温度210±5℃,面压39千克,升温速度2.5℃/分钟的条件进行热压120分钟,热压后取出有孔样板冷却至室温。计算总填满孔数的比率:(填满的总孔数/总孔数)×100%。
[难燃性测试]
利用UL94V:垂直燃烧测试方法,将金属箔积层板以垂直位置固定,以本生灯燃烧,比较其自燃熄灭与助燃特性。难燃等级的排序为:V0>V1>V2。
[介电常数(Dk)与介电损耗因子(Df)量测]
根据IPC-TM-650 2.5.5.13规范,在工作频率10GHz下,使用分离式介电谐振器(split post dielectric resonator,SPDR)计算介电常数(Dk)与介电损耗因子(Df)。用于测试的半固化片的树脂含量(Resin Content,RC)为55%。
[吸湿后的介电常数(Dk)与吸湿后介电损耗因子(Df)量测]
使用压力锅测试,于121℃、2大气压的条件下静置5小时后,依前述[介电常数(Dk)与介电损耗因子(Df)量测]的方法进行量测吸湿后介电常数(Dk)与吸湿后介电损耗因子(Df)数值。
4.2.实施例及比较例所用的原物料信息列表:
4.3.树脂组成物的制备
根据表1-1、表1-2及表2所示的成分及比例将各成分于室温下使用搅拌器混合,并加入甲乙酮及N,N-二甲基甲酰(皆购自亘祥实业公司),接着将所得混合物于室温下搅拌60至120分钟后,制得实施例E1至E19及比较例CE1至CE7的树脂组成物。
4.4.金属箔积层板的制备及性质量测
分别使用所制得的树脂组成物制备实施例E1至E19及比较例CE1至CE7的金属箔积层板。首先,经由辊式涂布机,将玻璃纤维布(型号:2116,厚度:0.08毫米)分别含浸于实施例E1至E19及比较例CE1至CE7的树脂组成物中,并控制玻璃纤维布的厚度至一合适程度。接着,将含浸后的玻璃纤维布置于175℃的干燥机中加热干燥2至15分钟,借此制得半固化状态(B-stage)的半固化片(半固化片的树脂含量为55%)。之后,将数片半固化片层合,并在其两侧的最外层各层合一张0.5盎司的铜箔,随后置于热压机中进行高温热压固化。热压条件为:以3.0℃/分钟的升温速度升温至200℃至220℃,并在该温度下,以全压15千克/平方厘米(初压8千克/平方厘米)的压力热压180分钟。
依照前文所载量测方法测量实施例E1至E19及比较例CE1至CE7的金属箔积层板的各项性质,包括玻璃转移温度(Tg)、热膨胀系数、抗撕强度、耐热性、尺寸安定性、加工性(包括翘曲性及填胶性)、难燃性、介电常数(Dk)与介电损耗因子(Df)、以及吸湿后的介电常数(Dk)与介电损耗因子(Df),并将结果纪录于表3-1、表3-2及表4中。
如表3-1、表3-2及表4所示,由本发明树脂组成物所制成的金属箔积层板具有良好的积层板特性与介电特性。相较之下,比较例CE1至CE4及CE7显示,若以本领域常见的阻燃剂替代第一阻燃剂(C),所制得的金属箔积层板的抗撕强度、尺寸安定性、翘曲性、及填胶性不佳,且吸湿后的Dk及Df变化量大。比较例CE5显示,在未使用任何阻燃剂的情况下,金属箔积层板的抗撕强度及阻燃性不佳,且吸湿后的Dk及Df变化量大。比较例6则显示,当未使用双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)时,所制得的金属箔积层板的Tg、耐热性、及填胶性不佳。
上述结果充分显示,仅有在环氧树脂树脂组成物中组合使用第一阻燃剂(C)与双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)的情况下,才能获得所欲的协同功效,也即改善在环氧树脂系统中添加双马来酰亚胺时所致的积层板与金属箔附着性不佳的情况,并且为积层板提供良好的积层板特性及介电特性
上述实施例仅为例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,并阐述本发明的技术特征,而非用于限制本发明的保护范畴。任何本领域技术人员在不违背本发明的技术原理及精神下,可轻易完成的改变或安排,均属本发明所主张的范围。
Claims (14)
1.一种树脂组成物,其特征在于,其包含:
(A)环氧树脂;
(B)双马来酰亚胺树脂;以及
(C)第一阻燃剂,其具下式(I)的结构:
其中,
Ar为C3至C18杂芳基或C6至C18芳基;
R1为氢或C1至C18烷基;以及
R2及R3各自独立为氢、C1至C18烷基、C3至C18杂芳基、或C6至C18芳基。
2.如权利要求1所述的树脂组成物,其特征在于,该双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)与第一阻燃剂(C)的重量比为5:1至1:5。
3.如权利要求1所述的树脂组成物,其特征在于,该环氧树脂(A)选自以下群组:双酚型环氧树脂、酚醛型环氧树脂、二苯乙烯型环氧树脂、含三嗪(triazine)骨架的环氧树脂、含茀骨架的环氧树脂、三酚基甲烷型环氧树脂、伸茬基(xylylene)型环氧树脂、联苯型环氧树脂、联苯芳烷基型环氧树脂、萘型环氧树脂、二环戊二烯(dicyclopentadiene,DCPD)型环氧树脂、脂环式环氧树脂、及其组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的树脂组成物,其特征在于,该双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)具有由下式(II)所示的结构:
其中,R4选自以下群组:亚甲基(-CH2-)、4,4'-二苯甲烷基间伸苯基双酚A二苯醚基3,3'-二甲基-5,5'-二乙基-4,4'-二苯甲烷基4-甲基-1,3-伸苯基及(2,2,4-三甲基)-1,6-伸己基
5.如权利要求1所述的树脂组成物,其特征在于,该双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)选自以下群组:1,2-双马来酰亚胺基乙烷、1,6-双马来酰亚胺基己烷、1,3-双马来酰亚胺基苯、1,4-双马来酰亚胺基苯、2,4-双马来酰亚胺基甲苯、4,4'-双马来酰亚胺基二苯基甲烷、4,4'-双马来酰亚胺基二苯基醚、3,3'-双马来酰亚胺基二苯基砜、4,4'-双马来酰亚胺基二苯基砜、4,4'-双马来酰亚胺基二环己基甲烷、3,5-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)吡啶、2,6-双马来酰亚胺基吡啶、1,3-双(马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷、1,3-双(马来酰亚胺基甲基)苯、1,1-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)环己烷、1,3-双(二氯马来酰亚胺基)苯、4,4'-双柠康酰亚胺基二苯基甲烷(4,4'-biscitraconimidodiphenylmethane)、2,2-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)丙烷、1-苯基-1,1-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)乙烷、α,α-双(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)甲苯、3,5-双马来酰亚胺基-1,2,4-三唑、N,N'-伸乙基双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-六亚甲基双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-间-伸苯基双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-对-伸苯基双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-4,4'-二苯基甲烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-4,4'-二苯基醚双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-4,4'-二苯基砜双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-4,4'-二环己基甲烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-α,α'-4,4'-二亚甲基环己烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-间二甲苯双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-4,4'-二苯基环己烷双马来酰亚胺、及其组合。
6.如权利要求1所述的树脂组成物,其特征在于,第一阻燃剂(C)选自以下群组:
及其组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的树脂组成物,其特征在于,以树脂组成物的固含量计,该双马来酰亚胺树脂(B)与第一阻燃剂(C)的含量各自独立为5重量%至35重量%。
8.如权利要求1所述的树脂组成物,其特征在于,以树脂组成物的固含量计,该环氧树脂(A)的含量为3重量%至15重量%。
9.如权利要求1所述的树脂组成物,其特征在于,更包含选自以下群组的硬化剂:氰酸酯(cyanate ester)树脂、苯并恶嗪(benzoxazine)树脂、酚醛树脂(phenol novolac,PN)、苯乙烯马来酸酐(styrene maleic anhydride,SMA)树脂、二氰二胺(dicyandiamide,Dicy)、二胺基二苯砜(diaminodiphenyl sulfone,DDS)、胺基三氮杂苯酚醛(aminotriazine novolac,ATN)树脂、二胺基二苯甲烷(diaminodiphenylmethane)、苯乙烯-乙烯基酚共聚物、及其组合。
10.如权利要求1所述的树脂组成物,其特征在于,更包含选自以下群组的硬化促进剂:咪唑化合物(imidazole)、吡啶化合物(pyridine)、及其组合。
11.如权利要求1所述的树脂组成物,其特征在于,更包含选自以下群组的填料:二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、碳酸钙、滑石、黏土、氮化铝、氮化硼、氢氧化铝、碳化铝硅、碳化硅、碳酸钠、二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化锆、石英、钻石、类钻石、石墨、煅烧高岭土、白岭土、云母、水滑石、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)粉末、玻璃珠、陶瓷晶须、奈米碳管、奈米级无机粉体、及其组合。
12.一种半固化片,其特征在于,其通过将如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的树脂组成物含浸或涂布一基材,并干燥该经含浸或涂布的基材而制得。
13.一种金属箔积层板,其特征在于,其通过将如权利要求12所述的半固化片与金属箔加以层合而制得,或通过将如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的树脂组成物涂布于金属箔并干燥该经涂布的金属箔而制得。
14.一种印刷电路板,其特征在于,其由权利要求13所述的金属箔积层板所制得。
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