CN117461521A - Method for preventing and controlling gray mold in whole growth period of strawberries - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling gray mold in whole growth period of strawberries Download PDFInfo
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- CN117461521A CN117461521A CN202311417611.1A CN202311417611A CN117461521A CN 117461521 A CN117461521 A CN 117461521A CN 202311417611 A CN202311417611 A CN 202311417611A CN 117461521 A CN117461521 A CN 117461521A
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- calcium chloride
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- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000220223 Fragaria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 35
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- FMGBNISRFNDECK-CZSBRECXSA-N Coronatine Chemical compound CC[C@H]1C[C@]1(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C1=C[C@H](CC)C[C@@H]2C(=O)CC[C@H]12 FMGBNISRFNDECK-CZSBRECXSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- FMGBNISRFNDECK-UHFFFAOYSA-N coronatine Natural products CCC1CC1(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C1=CC(CC)CC2C(=O)CCC12 FMGBNISRFNDECK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 compound sodium nitrophenolate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005819 Potassium phosphonate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- YXXXKCDYKKSZHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M dipotassium;dioxido(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][P+]([O-])=O YXXXKCDYKKSZHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012794 pre-harvesting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000123650 Botrytis cinerea Species 0.000 description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004665 defense response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
- A01N33/20—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
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- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of strawberry disease control, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling gray mold in a full growth period of strawberries. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a strengthening and disease-resistant agent for preventing and controlling gray mold in the whole growth period of strawberries. The method of the invention establishes a method for preventing and controlling gray mold in the whole growth period of the strawberry with early stage of controlling vigorous growth and strengthening promotion, middle stage of stage prevention and later stage of disease resistance and bacteriostasis according to the nutrient requirements and the resistance to gray mold bacteria of the strawberry in the whole growth period. The invention effectively coordinates the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of strawberry plants, strengthens the strawberry plants, improves the resistance of strawberries to gray mold bacteria, and reduces the morbidity of fruits before harvest and the decay rate of fruits after harvest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of strawberry disease control, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling gray mold in a strawberry full-growth period.
Background
Strawberry is a fruit with both nutrition and ornamental value, and is favored by manufacturers and consumers. China is a large country for strawberry cultivation, the strawberry cultivation area and the annual yield are the first place in the world, and strawberry production has become the pillar industry for developing rural economy in many areas of China.
In recent years, along with the continuous improvement of strawberry planting area and the adjustment of planting structures in China, the strawberry cultivation mode is changed from traditional open field cultivation to greenhouse cultivation. The diseases of strawberries are increasingly serious due to the limitation of various factors such as high-temperature and high-humidity environment in a greenhouse, planting technology and the like. Among them, the strawberry gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis cinerea) is the most common and destructive disease in strawberry production, and is also a worldwide disease. The gray mold of the strawberry can harm the leaves, the petioles, the flowers and the fruits of the strawberry plants, so that the photosynthesis capacity of the leaves is reduced, the fruits are rotted or stiff fruits are formed, the yield and the quality of the strawberry are seriously affected, and huge economic losses are caused for the strawberry planting industry.
At present, chemical bactericides are mainly adopted as a control strategy for the gray mold of the strawberries, but long-term and unreasonable administration easily causes drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, and the problems of chemical agent residue, environmental pollution and the like exist, so that the development of safe, effective and environment-friendly disease-resistant agent substitutes is urgently needed. The botrytis cinerea is a semi-living nutritive pathogen, has extremely strong adaptability and viability, can absorb nutrition from living plant tissues, and can survive in dead plant residues and tissues. In addition, gray mold germs can survive on facility structures of greenhouses, in soil and matrixes, and can be transmitted to strawberry plants through air, irrigation water, farm work operation and other ways to cause infection when the machine is mature. Therefore, gray mold germs are prevented and controlled only in flowering and fruiting periods of strawberry plants and post-harvest periods of fruits, and gray mold can not be effectively prevented.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling gray mold of strawberries in the whole growth period, which is used for correspondingly preventing and controlling plants in different stages of the whole growth period of the strawberries, improving the resistance of the strawberries to gray mold germs and reducing the morbidity of fruits before harvest and the rotting rate of the fruits after harvest.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling gray mold in a full growth period of strawberries, which comprises the steps of respectively applying mixed solutions with different components in a seedling period, a post-planting nutrition period, a bud period, a flowering period, a young fruit period, a fruit maturity period, a harvesting period and a post-harvesting period.
Further, the mode of applying the mixed liquid with different components is spraying or drip irrigation.
Further, the method comprises one or more of the following steps:
a) Applying 20-30 mL/plant of potassium phosphite aqueous solution with the concentration of 2-5 g/L when the root and stem thickness of the strawberries is not less than 0.8mm after Miao Miaoling-60 d; the main purpose of seedling stage is to control vigorous growth and promote strong growth, and raise disease resistance of strawberry seedling.
b) Applying 30-50 mL/plant of mixed solution A in the post-planting nutrition period, wherein the mixed solution A is a mixed aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride and compound sodium nitrophenolate; the vegetative growth period after field planting mainly promotes the root system of the strawberry plant to be pricked down and leaves on the overground part to grow vigorously, and the monopotassium phosphate is rich in phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, so that the growth of the root system of the plant can be promoted, the photosynthesis capacity of the leaves can be improved, and the plant resistance can be enhanced; the calcium chloride provides a calcium fertilizer, so that the disease resistance and stress resistance of plants can be improved; the compound sodium nitrophenolate can increase the utilization efficiency of plants to nutrients, and has a gain effect.
c) Applying 50-70 mL/plant of mixed solution B in the bud period, wherein the mixed solution B is a mixed aqueous solution of salicylic acid and chitosan; the bud period is mainly used for preventing botrytis cinerea from infecting calyx, the salicylic acid and chitosan can both improve the resistance of plants to botrytis cinerea, and the salicylic acid is added firstly when a solution is prepared to facilitate the subsequent dissolution of chitosan, so that the gain effect is achieved.
d) Applying 50-70 mL/plant of mixed solution C in the period from flowering to young fruits, wherein the mixed solution C is a mixed aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, glucose and calcium chloride; the flowering period is mainly the period from the flowering period to the young fruit period, and the nutrition growth and the reproductive growth are balanced, and the boric acid can improve the fruit setting rate and preserve flowers and fruits; the monopotassium phosphate is helpful for supplementing phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and protecting flowers and fruits; the glucose can provide nutrition for the strawberries and has a certain antibacterial effect; the calcium chloride can increase the hardness of fruits, inhibit the growth of germs and improve the disease resistance of plants.
e) Applying 30-50 mL/plant of mixed solution D before the fruit ripens and is a mixed aqueous solution of coronatine, chitosan and calcium chloride; the fruit is mainly preserved in flowers and fruits before harvest, the production of malformed fruits is reduced, the disease resistance of plants is improved, and coronatine can promote the coloration of the fruits and induce the defense response of the plants to pathogenic bacteria. The mixed solution D is sprayed before the strawberry fruits are harvested, so that the growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as gray mold germs on the surfaces of the strawberry fruits can be inhibited, the disease resistance of the fruits is improved, and the occurrence rate of postharvest diseases is reduced.
f) In the later harvest stage, 15-30 mL/kg of mixed solution E of fresh fruits is applied, wherein the mixed solution E is a mixed aqueous solution of coronatine and 28-Gao Yuntai lactone. The postharvest disease of the fruits is mainly prevented, and both coronatine and 28-Gao Yuntai lactone can obviously improve the capability of the fruits for resisting gray mold bacteria and reduce the gray mold disease of the strawberry fruits after harvest.
Further, the mass and volume percentages of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the calcium chloride and the compound sodium nitrophenolate in the mixed solution A are respectively 0.2-0.5%, 0.2-0.4% and 1.2-1.6%;
the concentrations of salicylic acid and chitosan in the mixed solution B are respectively 0.1-0.2 mM and 5-10 mM;
the mass and volume percentages of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the boric acid, the glucose and the calcium chloride in the mixed solution C are respectively 0.3-0.5%, 0.2-0.3%, 0.5-0.8% and 0.5-2.0%;
the concentration of coronatine, chitosan and calcium chloride in the mixed solution D is respectively 2-5 mg/L, 5-10 mM and 0.5-0.8 g/L;
the concentration of coronatine and 28-Gao Yuntai lactone in the mixed solution E is respectively 2-5 mg/L and 0.1-0.2 mg/L.
Further, the potassium phosphite solution is sprayed on leaves every 2-3 d; spraying the mixed solution A on the leaf surfaces every 7 d; the mixed solution B, C, D is sprayed on the leaves every 3-5 d; and spraying the mixed solution E on the fruit surface once after the fruits are harvested.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a strengthening and disease-resistant agent for preventing and controlling gray mold in the whole growth period of strawberries, which comprises a potassium phosphite aqueous solution and mixed solution A-E,
the mixed solution A is a mixed aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride and compound sodium nitrophenolate,
the mixed solution B is a mixed aqueous solution of salicylic acid and chitosan,
the mixed solution C is a mixed aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, glucose and calcium chloride,
the mixed solution D is a mixed aqueous solution of coronatine, chitosan and calcium chloride,
the mixed solution E is a mixed aqueous solution of coronatine and 28-Gao Yuntai lactone.
Further, the mass and volume percentages of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the calcium chloride and the compound sodium nitrophenolate in the mixed solution A are respectively 0.2-0.5%, 0.2-0.4% and 1.2-1.6%;
the concentrations of salicylic acid and chitosan in the mixed solution B are respectively 0.1-0.2 mM and 5-10 mM;
the mass and volume percentages of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the boric acid, the glucose and the calcium chloride in the mixed solution C are respectively 0.3-0.5%, 0.2-0.3%, 0.5-0.8% and 0.5-2.0%;
the concentration of coronatine, chitosan and calcium chloride in the mixed solution D is respectively 2-5 mg/L, 5-10 mM and 0.5-0.8 g/L;
the concentration of coronatine and 28-Gao Yuntai lactone in the mixed solution E is respectively 2-5 mg/L and 0.1-0.2 mg/L.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides application of the strengthening and disease-resistant agent in the second aspect in preventing and controlling gray mold of strawberries in the whole growth period.
Compared with the prior art, the method for preventing and controlling the gray mold in the whole growth period of the strawberries is established according to the nutrient requirements and the resistance to the gray mold germs in the whole growth period of the strawberries, wherein the method is used for controlling the gray mold in the early stage, promoting the growth and strengthening, preventing and controlling the disease and inhibiting bacteria in the middle stage in a sectioned manner. The invention effectively coordinates the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of strawberry plants, strengthens the strawberry plants, improves the resistance of strawberries to gray mold bacteria, and reduces the morbidity of fruits before harvest and the decay rate of fruits after harvest.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a comparison of fruit rot index and commodity rate of comparative and example strawberry fruit stored at 14-16 ℃ for 7 days, wherein different letters on the same day indicate significant differences between treatments at p <0.05 level.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The following examples, in which no specific conditions are noted, are conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer, and the raw materials used in the following examples are commercially available from ordinary sources except for the specific descriptions.
Example 1
The test site is a modern agriculture (strawberry) scientific and technological comprehensive demonstration base, the test time period is 6 months in the current year to 4 months in the next year, and the strawberry variety to be tested is red.
1) When the strawberry Miao Miaoling-60 d and the rootstock is 1.0-1.2 mm thick, spraying 1 time of 2g/L potassium phosphite solution with the concentration of about 25 mL/plant on every 3d leaves, and continuously spraying 3 times.
2) After the field planting, the mixed solution A is sprayed on the leaves for 1 time every 7d in the vegetative growth period, about 30-50 mL/plant, and 3 times of continuous spraying are carried out. The mixed solution A is a monopotassium phosphate, calcium chloride and compound sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, and the mass concentration is 0.3%, 0.2% and 1.5% respectively.
3) The mixed solution B is sprayed on the leaf surface for 1 time every 5d in the bud period, about 60 mL/plant, and the spraying is carried out for 5 times continuously. The mixed solution B is salicylic acid and chitosan water solution with the concentration of 0.1mM and 5mM respectively.
4) And 1 time of mixed liquid C is sprayed on leaf surfaces every 3d from the flowering and fruiting period to the young fruit period, about 60 mL/plant, and 3 times of continuous spraying are carried out. The mixed solution C is an aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, glucose and calcium chloride, and the mass concentration is 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0% respectively.
5) And spraying the mixed solution D for 1 time every 3D fruit surfaces until the strawberry fruits are harvested in the mature period, wherein the mixed solution D is about 40 mL/plant, and continuously spraying for 3 times. The mixed solution D is coronatine, chitosan and calcium chloride water solution with the concentration of 3mg/L, 5mM and 0.5g/L respectively.
6) Spraying the mixed solution E for 1 time on the fruit surface after fruit harvesting, and uniformly spraying the surface of the fruit to obtain the fresh fruit with the concentration of about 20 mL/kg. The mixed solution E is a coronatine and 28-Gao Yuntai lactone aqueous solution, and the concentration is 3mg/L and 0.1mg/L.
Example 2
The test site is a modern agriculture (strawberry) scientific and technological comprehensive demonstration base, the test time period is 6 months in the current year to 4 months in the next year, and the strawberry variety to be tested is red.
1) And (3) when the strawberry Miao Miaoling-60 d and the rootstock is 1.0-1.2 mm, drip irrigation is carried out on 5g/L potassium phosphite solution for 15s every 2d, and the drip irrigation is carried out for 3 times continuously.
2) And after the field planting, drip irrigation is carried out on the mixed liquid A for 30s every 7d in the nutrition growth period, and the drip irrigation is carried out for 3 times continuously. The mixed solution A is a monopotassium phosphate, calcium chloride and compound sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution, and the mass concentration is 0.4%, 0.4% and 1.3% respectively.
3) The mixed solution B is sprayed on leaves for 1 time at intervals of 5d in the bud period, about 70 mL/plant, and 5 times are continuously sprayed. The mixed solution B is salicylic acid and chitosan water solution with the concentration of 0.1mM and 5mM respectively.
4) The mixed solution C is sprayed on leaves for 1 time at intervals of 5d from the flowering period to the young fruit period, about 60 mL/plant, and 3 times are continuously sprayed. The mixed solution C is an aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, glucose and calcium chloride, and the mass concentration is 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.6% and 0.8% respectively.
5) And spraying the mixed solution D1 time at intervals of 3D fruit surfaces until the strawberry fruits are harvested in the mature period, and continuously spraying for 3 times about 40 mL/plant. The mixed solution D is coronatine, chitosan and calcium chloride water solution with the concentration of 2.5mg/L, 5mM and 0.6g/L respectively.
6) Spraying the mixed solution E1 times on the fruit surface after fruit harvesting, and uniformly spraying the surface of the fruit to obtain the fresh fruit with the concentration of about 25 mL/kg. The mixed solution E is a coronatine and 28-Gao Yuntai lactone aqueous solution, and the concentration is 5mg/L and 0.1mg/L.
Comparative example
The test site is a modern agriculture (strawberry) scientific and technological comprehensive demonstration base, the test time period is 6 months in the current year to 4 months in the next year, and the strawberry variety to be tested is red. The strawberry seedling cultivation and field planting sites were the same as those in example 1 and example 2, and the difference was that the mixed solutions a to E were not sprayed, but the rest of the strawberry plant management method was the same as in example 1, as compared with example 1.
Effect example 1
The strawberry seedlings of examples 1-2 and comparative examples were subjected to measurements of plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight and root activity at the time of transplanting, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 comparison of plant height, stem thickness, fresh plant weight, relative content in leaves and root Activity of strawberry seedlings at the time of transplanting examples and comparative examples
Note that: different letters from the same column indicate that there was a significant difference between treatments at the p <0.05 level.
As can be seen from table 1, the strawberry plants under different treatments had significant differences in plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight of the plants and root system activity during transplanting, while the relative chlorophyll content in the leaves did not have significant differences. Wherein, the plant height, stem thickness and root activity of the example 1 and the example 2 are significantly higher than those of the comparative example, and the fresh weight of the example 1 is significantly higher than that of the comparative example 1.
Effect example 2
The incidence of gray mold, fruit hardness, and a and b values of the strawberry fruits of examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples were measured at the time of collection, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 comparison of gray mold incidence, fruit hardness and fruit a and b values of strawberry fruits at the time of harvest of examples and comparative examples
Note that: different letters from the same column indicate that there was a significant difference between treatments at the p <0.05 level.
As can be seen from table 2, there were significant differences in the incidence of gray mold, fruit hardness and fruit brightness of the strawberry fruit at the time of harvesting the strawberries under different treatments. Wherein, the average incidence rate of gray mold of fruits of examples 1 and 2 is significantly lower than that of comparative examples, the hardness of fruits of examples 1 and 2 is significantly higher than that of comparative examples, the brightness of fruits of example 2 is significantly higher than that of comparative example 1, and there is no significant difference between fruit color treatments.
Effect example 3
The rotting condition and commodity rate of the fruits during the storage of the strawberries were measured, and the results are shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, there was a significant difference in the rotting index and commodity rate of the strawberry fruits under different treatments with the extension of the storage time. Wherein the strawberry fruit rot index of examples 1 and 2 was significantly lower than that of comparative examples, and the commodity rate of examples 1 and 2 was significantly higher than that of comparative examples, at the 5 th and 7 th days of storage.
In conclusion, gray mold prevention and control are carried out in the whole growth period of the strawberries by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, so that the robustness of seedlings in field planting can be obviously improved, the incidence rate of gray mold of the strawberries in harvesting can be reduced, the hardness of fruits in harvesting can be improved, and the fresh-keeping period of the strawberries after harvesting can be prolonged.
The present embodiment is merely illustrative of the present application and is not intended to be limiting, and those skilled in the art, after having read the present specification, may make modifications to the present embodiment without creative contribution as required, but is protected by patent laws within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preventing and controlling gray mold in the whole growth period of strawberry is characterized by comprising the steps of respectively applying strengthening and disease-resistant agents with different components in the seedling stage, the nutrition stage after field planting, the bud stage, the flowering to young fruit stage, the fruit mature stage to the pre-harvest stage and the post-harvest stage.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the means for applying the different components of the anti-disease agent is spraying or drip irrigation.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises one or more of the following steps:
a) Applying 20-30 mL/plant of potassium phosphite aqueous solution with the concentration of 2-5 g/L when the root and stem thickness of the strawberries is not less than 0.8mm after Miao Miaoling-60 d;
b) Applying 30-50 mL/plant of mixed solution A in the post-planting nutrition period, wherein the mixed solution A is a mixed aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride and compound sodium nitrophenolate;
c) Applying 50-70 mL/plant of mixed solution B in the bud period, wherein the mixed solution B is a mixed aqueous solution of salicylic acid and chitosan;
d) Applying 50-70 mL/plant of mixed solution C in the period from flowering to young fruits, wherein the mixed solution C is a mixed aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, glucose and calcium chloride;
e) Applying 30-50 mL/plant of mixed solution D before the fruit ripens and is a mixed aqueous solution of coronatine, chitosan and calcium chloride;
f) In the later harvest stage, 15-30 mL/kg of mixed solution E of fresh fruits is applied, wherein the mixed solution E is a mixed aqueous solution of coronatine and 28-Gao Yuntai lactone.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of,
the mass and volume percentages of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the calcium chloride and the compound sodium nitrophenolate in the mixed solution A are respectively 0.2-0.5%, 0.2-0.4% and 1.2-1.6%;
the concentrations of salicylic acid and chitosan in the mixed solution B are respectively 0.1-0.2 mM and 5-10 mM; the mass and volume percentages of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the boric acid, the glucose and the calcium chloride in the mixed solution C are respectively 0.3-0.5%, 0.2-0.3%, 0.5-0.8% and 0.5-2.0%; the concentration of coronatine, chitosan and calcium chloride in the mixed solution D is respectively 2-5 mg/L, 5-10 mM and 0.5-0.8 g/L;
the concentration of coronatine and 28-Gao Yuntai lactone in the mixed solution E is respectively 2-5 mg/L and 0.1-0.2 mg/L.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of,
the potassium phosphite solution is sprayed on leaves every 2-3 d;
spraying the mixed solution A on the leaf surfaces every 7 d;
the mixed solution B, C, D is sprayed on the leaves every 3-5 d;
and spraying the mixed solution E on the fruit surface once after the fruits are harvested.
6. A strengthening and disease-resistant agent for preventing and controlling gray mold in the whole growth period of strawberries is characterized in that the strengthening and disease-resistant agent comprises a potassium phosphite aqueous solution and mixed solution A-E,
the mixed solution A is a mixed aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride and compound sodium nitrophenolate,
the mixed solution B is a mixed aqueous solution of salicylic acid and chitosan,
the mixed solution C is a mixed aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, glucose and calcium chloride, the mixed solution D is a mixed aqueous solution of coronatine, chitosan and calcium chloride,
the mixed solution E is a mixed aqueous solution of coronatine and 28-Gao Yuntai lactone.
7. The strengthening and disease-resistant agent according to claim 6, wherein,
the mass and volume percentages of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the calcium chloride and the compound sodium nitrophenolate in the mixed solution A are respectively 0.2-0.5%, 0.2-0.4% and 1.2-1.6%;
the concentrations of salicylic acid and chitosan in the mixed solution B are respectively 0.1-0.2 mM and 5-10 mM; the mass and volume percentages of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the boric acid, the glucose and the calcium chloride in the mixed solution C are respectively 0.3-0.5%, 0.2-0.3%, 0.5-0.8% and 0.5-2.0%;
the concentration of coronatine, chitosan and calcium chloride in the mixed solution D is respectively 2-5 mg/L, 5-10 mM and 0.5-0.8 g/L;
the concentration of coronatine and 28-Gao Yuntai lactone in the mixed solution E is respectively 2-5 mg/L and 0.1-0.2 mg/L.
8. Use of the strengthening disease-resistant agent of any one of claims 6-7 for controlling gray mold of strawberry in whole growth period.
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