CN112293115A - Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling gray mold of blueberries by using resistance inducer - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling gray mold of blueberries by using resistance inducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112293115A CN112293115A CN202011135807.8A CN202011135807A CN112293115A CN 112293115 A CN112293115 A CN 112293115A CN 202011135807 A CN202011135807 A CN 202011135807A CN 112293115 A CN112293115 A CN 112293115A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
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- A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
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- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
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- A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling gray mold of blueberries by using a resistance inducer, which comprises the steps of clearing the garden in winter and using reasonable pesticides for prevention before sprouting in spring, using a bactericide, an insecticide prevention and control and a resistance inducer at 80-90% of flower buds and flower drops in the early stage, setting fruits for 10-20 days, using the bactericide and the resistance inducer to treat young fruits in a spraying mode, and spraying the bactericide and the resistance inducer 30-35 days before picking the fruits. According to the invention, the bactericide, the insecticide prevention and control agent and the plant resistance inducer are used for preventing the blueberry gray mold from being infected, so that the disease resistance of blueberry fruits is improved. The method can effectively solve the problem of blueberry gray mold on the premise of ensuring the quality of fresh blueberry fruits, reduce the use of pesticides, resist the invasion of blueberry gray mold diseases, and prevent and reduce the occurrence and harm of blueberry gray mold.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fruit and vegetable disease control, and particularly relates to a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling blueberry gray mold by using a resistance-inducing agent.
Background
Since the 21 st century, the blueberry industry in China has been continuously developed, the planting area is increased year by year, and by the end of 2018, the national blueberry cultivation area is 55344hm 2. In recent years, along with the promulgation and implementation of the opinion on accelerating the development of modern mountain feature high-efficiency agriculture by the government of the Guizhou province, the fruit industry of the Guizhou province is also rapidly developed. At present, the blueberry planting area of Guizhou province is 14967hm2, the yield is 72000 tons, and the blueberry is the first to live in the country. However, with the increase of the yield of the Guizhou blueberries, the blueberries are easily subjected to botrytis cinerea dip-dyeing in the storage and logistics links from the flowering period to the postharvest period, and huge economic losses of the blueberries are directly caused by botrytis cinerea infection in 2014-2019. In addition, brand competitiveness caused by diseases is sharply reduced, the brand competitiveness also becomes a bottleneck of development of the blueberry industry in Guizhou province, the blueberry gray mold problem is increasingly prominent, and the blueberry gray mold is also a major disease which harms the blueberry industry in China. In addition, the blueberry is one of top-quality fruits of poverty-deprivation and hardness-fighting and rural industrial revolution in Guizhou province, so that the blueberry industry is vigorously developed and becomes an important grip for farmers to lose the poverty and increase the income. Around the current demand of preventing and controlling the botrytis cinerea disease of fruits, the problem of effectively controlling the botrytis cinerea also becomes an important subject which needs to be faced and urgently solved in the fruit industry, and has great social significance and economic value for boosting the victory of poverty-deprivation and attack-hardening battle.
The blueberry botrytis cinerea is a facultative parasitic bacterium widely distributed in the world, has a wide host range, is an important disease in a blueberry production link, and harms flowers, fruits, leaves, branches, fruit stalks and other periods of blueberries, wherein the blueberry botrytis cinerea is most easily infected to the development period of the flowers and the fruits. The infection occurs in the early stage of flowering, invades through the stigma part, is latent in necrotic tissues, recovers to grow at a later stage under proper temperature and humidity, and invades the fruit, leaves and other parts. The germs can rapidly occur and spread, and cause serious damage to the yield, the fruit quality and the postharvest storage of the blueberries, thereby causing great economic loss to planting enterprises and farmers.
The induction of disease resistance is a new method for controlling plant diseases, similar to plant immunity. The resistance inducing agent has obvious resistance inducing effect on fruit before and after picking, obvious pre-picking use effect and simple operation, and the fruit developing period is the key period for post-picking quality and resistance. In order to reduce the cost investment, farmers generally do not prevent the disease or spray chemical pesticides, but the prevention effect is often poor due to the problems of prevention time and selection of medicaments. The plant resistance inducer is a novel biological pesticide, has no bactericidal activity, but can induce plants to generate resistance and excite the immune mechanism in the plants to achieve the purposes of disease resistance, disease prevention and disease treatment. Plants have the potential to resist disease, and when stimulated by an agent, this ability can be activated to develop resistance to pathogen infestation. The induction of systemic resistance in plants has become a current focus of research.
In view of the above, the applicant has found that the prior art has at least the following technical problems:
1) the pathogenic bacteria of the blueberry gray mold have long-time latency in an orchard; 2) pathogenic bacteria of blueberry gray mold can be transmitted by wind, rain and entomophily; 3) the use of a large amount of pesticide causes food safety violation and environmental pollution, and reduces the fruit quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art, and the invention aims to provide a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling gray mold of blueberries by using an attractant.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling gray mold of blueberries by using an inducer comprises dividing a blueberry orchard into six stages according to time nodes, then spraying the composition of the inducer seasonally, wherein a spraying device is adopted in the spraying process, the spraying device comprises a shell, the shell comprises an upper part and a lower part, three groups of spaced containing cylinders are arranged in the upper part, a mixing chamber is arranged at the lower part, a concave disc is arranged in the mixing chamber, a flow guide pipe is arranged at the communication part of the containing cylinders and the mixing chamber, one end of the flow guide pipe, which is positioned at the concave disc, is provided with a pressure induction valve for opening the mixing chamber under pressure, a triangular rotating wheel is arranged in the concave disc, any side of the rotating wheel and the concave disc are enclosed to form a closed cavity, a rotating shaft is integrally manufactured on the rotating wheel, the rotating shaft extends to the outside of the concave disc, teeth are arranged on the surface, the helical gear is fixedly connected with a rocking handle.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, will lure anti-agent and another one or two kinds to lure anti-agent to fill into the splendid attire section of thick bamboo inside, operating personnel rotates the rocking handle afterwards and drives the medicament and mix, the hybrid process as follows, rocking handle fixed connection's helical gear drives the pivot rotation, thereby the pivot in the rotation makes the runner rotatory in concave dish department, constantly change the area that encloses between arbitrary limit and the concave dish when the carousel rotation in-process, thereby change the pressure ratio in order to drive opening and closing of pressure sensing valve, realize drawing forth, compression and the vibration of medicament.
Meanwhile, the invention combines high-efficiency sterilization, insecticide prevention and control and resistance inducer;
the plant resistance inducer and the bactericide are used for effectively preventing pathogenic bacteria from infecting in different periods, and simultaneously, the fruit quality is ensured.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the partitioning of the time nodes and the spraying of the composition comprises the steps of:
1) when the garden is cleared in winter, 6-wave-degree lime sulphur mixture is sprayed in the whole garden;
2) in spring and before germination, 1000 times of Chunlei copper is sprayed in the whole garden;
3) spraying a bactericide on the ground at the early bud stage, and spraying the bactericide and a resistance inducer on blueberry trees;
4) 80-90% of flowers fall, and is sprayed with a bactericide and an insecticide in the whole garden, and the blueberry fruit trees are sprayed with the bactericide, the insecticide and a resistance-inducing agent;
5) 10-20 days after fruit setting, spraying a bactericide and an insecticide in a spraying mode in the whole garden, and spraying a bactericide and a resistance inducing agent on young fruits;
6) 30-35 days before picking, the blueberry fruits, leaves and trunks are sprayed with the bactericide and the resistance inducer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant resistance inducer of step 3) is one or more of benzothiadiazole, salicylic acid, conazolin, 2, 6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, brassinolide, oxalic acid, malic acid, beta-aminobutyric acid, citric acid, L-arginine, riboflavin, 1-methylcyclopropene, soluble silicon, chitosan, K2HPO4, potassium bicarbonate, sodium silicate, chitin, dextran, S-abscisic acid.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bactericide of step 3) or 4) or 5) or 6) is one or more of mancozeb, chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, difenoconazole, ethylicin, prochloraz manganese salt, zhongshengmycin, zineb, iprodione, hexaconazole and tebuconazole.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pesticide of step 4) is one or more of imidacloprid, chlorantraniliprole, matrine, azadirachtin and emamectin benzoate.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said step 5), 15-30 days after fruit setting, two vines are sprayed with the mixture of the bactericide, the insecticide and the resistance inducer.
The mixed medicament has the advantages that: the bactericide and the resistance inducer are used for comprehensively preventing and treating the gray mold of the blueberries, and the method is particularly suitable for areas with continuous raininess and high humidity in the germination period, the flowering period, the young fruits and the fruit expansion period of the blueberries.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concave disk is divided into a first drainage cavity, a second drainage cavity, a third drainage cavity and an outflow cavity by the rotating wheel, the outflow cavity is located at the lowest part of the concave disk, the first drainage cavity is communicated with one of the containing cylinders, the second drainage cavity is communicated with the other containing cylinder, and the third drainage cavity is communicated with the last containing cylinder.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a transition chamber and a nozzle are sequentially communicated below the outflow cavity, a one-way outflow valve is arranged in the nozzle, the gear ratio of the teeth on the surface of the rotating shaft and the helical gear is 1: 4, and a sealing bearing is arranged at the position where the rotating shaft passes through the concave disc.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a half-sectional view of an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: a shell 1, a containing cylinder 2, a concave disc 3, a draft tube 4, a pressure induction valve 5, a rotating wheel 6, a rotating shaft 7, a helical gear 8, a rocking handle 9,
A vertical rod 901, a transverse rod 902, a first drainage cavity 10, a second drainage cavity 11, an outflow cavity 12, a transition chamber 13, a nozzle 14, a one-way water outlet valve 15, a button 16, a back belt 17 and a box cover 18.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "vertical", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, a communication between two elements, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Example one
The invention provides a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling gray mold of blueberries by using a resistance inducer, which comprises the steps of dividing a blueberry orchard into six stages according to time nodes,
the time node dividing and spraying composition comprises the following steps:
1) when the garden is cleared in winter, 6 Baume lime sulphur mixture is sprayed in the whole garden;
2) in spring and before germination, 1000 times of Chunlei copper is sprayed in the whole garden;
3) spraying a bactericide on the ground at the early bud stage, and spraying the bactericide and a resistance inducer on blueberry trees;
4) 80-90% of flowers fall, and is sprayed with a bactericide and an insecticide in the whole garden, and the blueberry fruit trees are sprayed with the bactericide, the insecticide and a resistance-inducing agent;
5) 10-20 days after fruit setting, spraying a bactericide and an insecticide in a spraying mode in the whole garden, and spraying a bactericide and a resistance inducing agent on young fruits;
6) 30-35 days before picking, the blueberry fruits, leaves and trunks are sprayed with the bactericide and the resistance inducer.
The plant resistance inducer in the step 3) is one or more of diazosulfide, salicylic acid, compatilizer, 2, 6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, brassinolide, oxalic acid, malic acid, beta-aminobutyric acid, citric acid, L-arginine, riboflavin, 1-methylcyclopropene, soluble silicon, chitosan, K2HPO4, potassium bicarbonate, sodium silicate, chitin, glucan and S-abscisic acid.
The bactericide in the step 3) or 4) or 5) or 6) is one or more of mancozeb, chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, difenoconazole, ethylicin, prochloraz manganese salt, zhongshengmycin, zineb, iprodione, hexaconazole and tebuconazole.
And 4) the pesticide is one or more of imidacloprid, chlorantraniliprole, matrine, azadirachtin and emamectin benzoate, and in the step 5), the mixture of the bactericide, the pesticide and the resistance inducer is sprayed on two tendrils 15-30 days after fruit setting.
Then the composition of the resistance inducer, the bactericide and the insecticide is sprayed according to the above mode, a spraying device is adopted in the spraying process, the spraying device comprises a shell 1, the top of the shell 1 is hinged with a box cover 18, the back of the shell 1 is provided with a back strap 17, the shell 1 comprises an upper part and a lower part, three groups of spaced containing cylinders 2 are arranged in the upper part, the lower part is provided with a mixing chamber, a concave disc 3 is arranged in the mixing chamber, a guide pipe 4 is arranged at the communication part of the containing cylinders 2 and the mixing chamber, the guide pipe 4 is arranged at one end of the concave disc 3 and is provided with a pressure induction valve 5 for opening the mixing chamber under pressure, a triangular rotating wheel 6 is arranged in the concave disc 3, any side of the rotating wheel 6 and the concave disc 3 form a closed cavity, a rotating shaft 7 is integrally manufactured on the rotating wheel 6, the rotating shaft 7 extends to the outside of the concave disc 3, the surface of, the bevel gear 8 is fixedly connected with a rocking handle 9, the rocking handle 9 comprises a transverse rod 902 and a vertical rod 901 which are connected with each other, and the bevel gear 8 is connected with the transverse rod.
The runner 6 is divided into first drainage chamber 10, second drainage chamber 11, third drainage chamber and the chamber 12 of effluenting with concave dish 3, the chamber 12 of effluenting is located concave dish 3 below, and first drainage chamber 10 communicates one of them splendid attire section of thick bamboo 2, and second drainage chamber 11 communicates another splendid attire section of thick bamboo 2, and the third drainage chamber communicates last splendid attire section of thick bamboo 2.
A transition chamber 13 and a nozzle 14 are sequentially communicated below the outflow cavity 12, a one-way outflow valve 15 is arranged in the nozzle 14, the gear ratio of the teeth on the surface of the rotating shaft 7 to the helical gear 8 is 1: 4, and a sealing bearing is arranged at the position where the rotating shaft 7 penetrates through the concave disc 3.
Preferably, the one-way water outlet valve 15 is a touch water outlet valve with a button 16, the button 16 is located at a vertical rod of the rocking handle 9, the one-way water outlet valve 15 is electrically connected with the button 16, the vertical rod is provided with a lithium battery, and an operator controls the one-way water outlet valve 15 to be opened by pressing the button 16.
Adopt such technical scheme, will lure anti-agent, germicide or insecticide to fill inside different splendid attire section of thick bamboo 2, operating personnel rotates rocking handle 9 afterwards and drives the medicament and mix, the mixing process as follows, and rocking handle 9 fixed connection's helical gear 8 drives pivot 7 rotatory to pivot 7 in the rotation makes runner 6 rotatory in concave dish 3 department, constantly changes the area of enclosing between arbitrary limit and the concave dish 3 when the carousel rotation in-process, thereby changes the pressure ratio and in order to drive opening and closing of pressure-sensitive valve 5.
When first drainage chamber 10 area is the biggest, the pressure-sensitive valve 5 that 2 connections of a splendid attire section of thick bamboo that is equipped with and lures anti-agent opens to will lure anti-agent to bring into first drainage chamber 10, when 11 areas in second drainage chamber are the biggest, pressure-sensitive valve 5 that 2 connections of a splendid attire section of thick bamboo that is equipped with germicide open, thereby bring germicide into and realize drawing forth of medicament in the second drainage chamber 11, when third drainage chamber area is the biggest, pressure-sensitive valve 5 that 2 connections of a splendid attire section of thick bamboo that is equipped with the insecticide open, thereby bring the insecticide into the third drainage intracavity.
At this moment, when runner 6 drives arbitrary drainage chamber to the time of effluence chamber 12, the medicament that is located drainage chamber this moment gets into transition chamber 13, because the medicament that gets into in transition chamber 13 receives compression and transmission, the medicament temperature in transition chamber 13 increases this moment, and the molecule is active, is convenient for get into the medicament rapid mixing in transition chamber 13, and the medicament after the mixture is spout from nozzle 14, accomplishes to get promptly and uses.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a single-acting ratchet mechanism is formed between the teeth on the surface of the rotating shaft 7 and the helical gear 8, when the helical gear 8 rotates counterclockwise, the teeth slide along the helical gear 8 but do not transmit power, and when the helical gear 8 rotates clockwise, the helical gear 8 transmits power with the teeth in a meshing manner.
Example two: the method is implemented in a Xuanwei town blueberry plantation in Majiang county in 2019.
1) When the garden is cleared in winter, the lime sulphur mixture with 5 wave degree of pass is used for spraying all the garden;
2) in spring and before germination, 800 times of 47% copper-ammonia wettable powder is sprayed in the whole garden;
3) at the early stage of bud, 80% mancozeb is sprayed on the ground by 800 times, 80% mancozeb is sprayed on fruit trees by 800 times, 3% zhongshengmycin by 1000 times and 0.1% diazosulfide by 125 mg.L-1；
4) 90 percent of flower, spraying 1000 times of 50 percent of iprodione, 3000 times of 70 percent of imidacloprid and 125 mg.L of 0.1 percent of benzothiadiazole in the whole garden-1；
5) Within 13-16 days after fruit setting, young fruits are soaked in 50% iprodione 1500 times, sugar alcohol chelated calcium 1000 times and 0.1% diazosulfide 125 mg.L-1Soaking the mixture in water;
7) picking fruits 150 days after flowering; 30-40 days before picking fruits, spraying 50% of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex 2000 times, 3% of zhongshengmycin 600 times and 0.1% of diazosulfide 125 mg.L-1。
In the experimental process, pesticide groups are not sprayed, groups with the same pesticide and the same resistance inducing agent are sprayed, the same pesticide (resistance inducing agent) is sprayed (20 plants), 200 fruits are picked per plant in 150 days after the flowers are bloomed, and the fruits are placed on a shelf in a room with the temperature of 22-25 ℃ and the humidity of 35-40%. The incidence of gray mold in blueberries is shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the data in the table, the incidence of the gray mold of the blueberries can be reduced by spraying the sterilizing and pesticide at key points, and comparing the sterilizing agent and the plant resistance inducing agent with the control group without pesticide treatment. Under the same condition of spraying pesticide, the resistance inducer is added into four key nodes, and the incidence rate of the gray mold of the blueberries can be obviously reduced compared with a pesticide spraying group.
Example three: it was implemented in Longshan town of Majiang county in 2019.
1) When the garden is cleared in winter, the lime sulphur mixture with 5 wave degree of pass is used for spraying all the garden;
2) in spring and before germination, 800 times of 47% copper-ammonia wettable powder is sprayed in the whole garden;
3) at the early stage of bud, 80% mancozeb is sprayed on the ground by 800 times, 80% mancozeb is sprayed on fruit trees by 800 times, 3% zhongshengmycin by 1000 times and 0.1% diazosulfide by 125 mg.L-1；
4) 90 percent of flower, spraying 1000 times of 50 percent of iprodione, 3000 times of 70 percent of imidacloprid and 125 mg.L of 0.1 percent of benzothiadiazole in the whole garden-1；
5) Within 13-16 days after fruit setting, young fruits are sprayed with 50% of iprodione 1500 times, sugar alcohol chelated calcium 1000 times and 0.1% of diazosulfide 125 mg.L-1Spraying the mixture;
7) spraying 50% of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex 2000 times, 3% of zhongshengmycin 600 times and 0.1% of diazosulfide 125 mg.L 30-40 days before picking fruits-1。
In the experimental process, pesticide groups are not sprayed, groups with the same pesticide and the same resistance inducing agent are sprayed, groups (20 plants) with the same pesticide (resistance inducing agent) are sprayed, 200 fruits are picked per plant 150 days after the flowers are bloomed, and the fruits are placed on a shelf in a room with the temperature of 22-25 ℃ and the humidity of 35-40%. The results of various indexes such as the incidence rate of the gray mold of the blueberries are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the data in the table, the key points are that the bactericide and the insecticide are sprayed, and compared with the control group which is not treated by pesticide, the other two groups can reduce the incidence rate of the blueberry gray mold. Under the same condition of spraying pesticide, the resistance inducer is added into four key nodes, and the incidence rate of the gray mold of the blueberries can be obviously reduced compared with the group sprayed with pesticide.
The structure principle of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, except that,
in the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "preferred embodiment," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example" or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling the gray mold of the blueberries by using the resistance inducer is characterized in that a blueberry orchard is divided into six stages according to time nodes, then the composition of the resistance inducer, the bactericide and the insecticide is sprayed according to seasonality, a spraying device is adopted in the spraying process, the spraying device comprises a shell, the shell comprises an upper part and a lower part, three groups of spaced containing cylinders are arranged in the upper part, a mixing chamber is arranged at the lower part, a concave disc is arranged in the mixing chamber, a flow guide pipe is arranged at the communication part of the containing cylinders and the mixing chamber, a pressure sensing valve which is opened by pressure is arranged at one end of the concave disc, a triangular rotating wheel is arranged in the concave disc, a closed cavity is formed by enclosing any side of the rotating wheel and the concave disc, a rotating shaft is integrally manufactured on the rotating wheel, the rotating shaft extends to the outside of the concave disc, teeth are arranged on the surface of the rotating shaft, the helical gear is fixedly connected with a rocking handle.
2. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling the gray mold of blueberries by using the resistance-inducing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dividing of the time nodes and the spraying of the composition comprise the following steps:
1) when the garden is cleared in winter, 6 Baume lime sulphur mixture is sprayed in the whole garden;
2) in spring and before germination, 1000 times of Chunlei copper is sprayed in the whole garden;
3) spraying a bactericide on the ground at the early bud stage, and spraying the bactericide and a resistance inducer on blueberry trees;
4) 80-90% of flowers fall, and is sprayed with a bactericide and an insecticide in the whole garden, and the blueberry fruit trees are sprayed with the bactericide, the insecticide and a resistance-inducing agent;
5) 10-20 days after fruit setting, spraying a bactericide and an insecticide in a spraying mode in the whole garden, and spraying a bactericide and a resistance inducing agent on young fruits;
6) 30-35 days before picking, the blueberry fruits, leaves and trunks are sprayed with the bactericide and the resistance inducer.
3. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling gray mold of blueberries by using the resistance-inducing agent as claimed in claim 2, wherein the plant resistance-inducing agent of the step 3) is benzothiadiazole, salicylic acid, combretastatin, 2, 6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, brassinolide, oxalic acid, malic acid, beta-aminobutyric acid, citric acid, L-arginine, riboflavin, 1-methylcyclopropene, soluble silicon, chitosan, K-methyl-L-carnitine, L-arginine, L-lysine, L-lysine2HPO4One or more of potassium bicarbonate, sodium silicate, chitin, glucan and S-abscisic acid.
4. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling the gray mold of blueberries by using the resistance-inducing agent as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bactericide in the step 3) or 4) or 5) or 6) is one or more of mancozeb, chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, difenoconazole, ethylicin, prochloraz manganese salt, zhongshengmycin, zineb, iprodione, hexaconazole and tebuconazole.
5. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling gray mold of blueberries by using the resistance-inducing agent as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pesticide in the step 4) is one or more of imidacloprid, chlorantraniliprole, matrine, azadirachtin and emamectin benzoate.
6. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling the gray mold of blueberries by using the resistance luring agent as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 5), the mixture of the bactericide, the insecticide and the resistance luring agent is sprayed on two vines 15-30 days after fruit setting.
7. The method for comprehensive prevention and control of gray mold of blueberry with the use of the resistance inducer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotating wheel divides the concave dish into a first drainage chamber, a second drainage chamber, a third drainage chamber and an outflow chamber, the outflow chamber is located at the lowest part of the concave dish, the first drainage chamber is communicated with one of the containing cylinders, the second drainage chamber is communicated with the other containing cylinder, and the third drainage chamber is communicated with the last containing cylinder.
8. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling gray mold of blueberries by using the resistance-inducing agent as claimed in claim 7, wherein a transition chamber and a nozzle are sequentially communicated below the outflow cavity, a one-way outflow valve is arranged in the nozzle, the gear ratio of teeth on the surface of the rotating shaft to the bevel gear is 1: 4, and a sealing bearing is arranged at the position where the rotating shaft passes through the concave disc.
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| CN117461521A (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-01-30 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for preventing and controlling gray mold in whole growth period of strawberries |
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