CN117427008A - 昙花提取物及其应用 - Google Patents
昙花提取物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117427008A CN117427008A CN202210836253.7A CN202210836253A CN117427008A CN 117427008 A CN117427008 A CN 117427008A CN 202210836253 A CN202210836253 A CN 202210836253A CN 117427008 A CN117427008 A CN 117427008A
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- Prior art keywords
- epiphyllum
- extract
- skin
- preparation
- reductase
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Abstract
本发明提供了昙花提取物在皮肤控油、防脱发和/或祛痘中的应用,其中,所述昙花提取物采用水作为提取溶剂,通过煎煮提取制备。本发明还提供了昙花提取物在制备具有皮肤控油、防脱发和/或祛痘作用的皮肤外用剂中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物化学领域,具体涉及一种昙花提取物及其在皮肤外用剂或化妆品中的应用。
背景技术
雄激素是人体内一种重要的激素。内源性的雄激素包括睾酮和二氢睾酮(DHT)都能与雄激素受体结合,并产生相应的生理作用。5α-还原酶是雄激素代谢过程中的一种重要酶,此酶可将睾酮转化为活性更强的二氢睾酮,在体内广泛参与雄激素的代谢,发挥着重要的生理作用。5α-还原酶在体内表达异常,可以导致局部组织或周身激素水平的异常,从而导致多种疾病的发生,如痤疮、雄激素源性脱发等。
痤疮是一种常见的由多因素导致的毛囊皮脂腺慢性炎症性疾病,局部雄激素代谢异常是其最主要的病因之一。雄激素过多可导致皮脂腺体积增大和皮脂分泌增多,毛囊皮脂腺导管角化异常,致皮脂排泄不畅,形成脂栓,引发痤疮。在皮脂腺细胞中,雄激素在5a-还原酶的作用下可以转化为活性更强的二氢睾酮,进一步刺激皮脂分泌,从而增强了诱发痤疮的能力。说明抑制5α-还原酶的活性还可以控制皮肤油脂的分泌、有效缓解痤疮的产生。
雄激素源性脱发,又称脂溢性脱发。许多学者就雄激素与雄激素源性脱发的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,患者脱发区的睾酮、二氢睾酮、雄激素受体及5α-还原酶的水平均高于正常,男性患者发病于青春期后(雄激素水平升高),女性患者发病于更年期前后(雌激素水平下降)。激素源性脱发与局部雄激素尤其是二氢睾酮的含量呈正相关,5α-还原酶是睾酮转化为二氢睾酮的关键酶。抑制5α-还原酶的活性可以有效缓解脂溢性脱发。
昙花(Epiphyllum oxypetalum(DC.)Haw)是仙人掌科昙花属植物,原产墨西哥、危地马拉和哥斯达黎加等地,目前已在世界各地区广泛栽培。昙花因在夜间绽放,花朵洁白无暇,素有月下美人、琼花等美称,古代文人墨客也为其留下了广为人知的诗句。除了观赏价值外,在日常生活中,人们也会用其煲汤烹饪,润肺止咳、安心养神。据《中药大辞典》记载,昙花可以用于治疗肺部咳疾、跌打损伤以及子宫出血等疾病。
昙花目前有保湿、抗衰老、美白方面的功效报道。2005年Suzaki等人在细胞和动物实验两个方面进行了昙花保湿功效研究,结果发现昙花可以提高天然保湿因子丝聚蛋白原表达水平,且对昙花的花、茎、叶提取物进行ATP含量的对比,发现花朵部位对角质细胞作用最强烈。2003年Yamaha等人对昙花的抗衰老功效进行研究,分别对昙花的花、茎、叶以及地上部分进行提取并对角质细胞培养,发现角质细胞的ATP含量和增殖效果均有所提高,其中花朵部位促进效果最强。林文辉等人研究表明,昙花乙酸乙酯萃取物对B16黑色素生成有明显的抑制活性。2015年田中浩等人对昙花的美白功效进行研究,发现昙花提取物可以降低促黑色素生成因子NRG1表达水平。
本发明研究发现昙花提取物具有控油、防脱发、祛痘等多种美容功效。
发明内容
一方面,本发明提供了昙花提取物在皮肤控油、防脱发和/或祛痘中的应用,其中,所述昙花提取物采用水作为提取溶剂,通过煎煮提取制备。本发明使用的昙花提取物是鲜昙花提取物。
在优选的实施方式中,所述昙花提取物的制备还包括过滤步骤,所述过滤步骤采用陶瓷膜和卷式膜的组合。在优选的实施方式中,所述陶瓷膜是50nm陶瓷膜,所述卷式膜是10000D卷式膜。
在优选的实施方式中,所述皮肤控油、防脱发和/或祛痘通过抑制5α-还原酶实现。
另一方面,本发明还提供了昙花提取物在制备具有皮肤控油、防脱发和/或祛痘作用的皮肤外用剂中的应用。
在优选的实施方式中,所述皮肤外用剂选自:面霜、乳液、啫喱、化妆水、精华液、面膜、眼霜、气雾洁面泡、喷雾、沐浴露、洗面奶。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及昙花提取物的制备及其应用,研究发现昙花提取物具有良好的控油、防脱发、祛痘等美容功效,可用于化妆品中,起到相关的作用。
为了提供更简明的描述,本文给出的一些数量表述没有用术语“约”修饰。应当理解,无论是否明确地使用了术语“约”,本文所给出的每个量都意在指代实际的给定值,并且还意在指代由本领域的普通技术人员可合理推测出的这些给定值的近似值,包括这些给定值的由实验和/或测量条件所引起的近似值。
为了提供更简洁的描述,本文中一些数量表述被叙述为约X量至约Y量的范围。应当理解,当叙述范围时,该范围并不限制于所叙述的上下界限,而应包括约X量至约Y量的整个范围或它们之间的任何量。
昙花提取物
昙花(Epiphyllum oxypetalum(DC.)Haw)是仙人掌科昙花属植物,原产墨西哥、危地马拉和哥斯达黎加等地,目前已在世界各地区广泛栽培。昙花因在夜间绽放,花朵洁白无暇,素有月下美人、琼花等美称,古代文人墨客也为其留下了广为人知的诗句。除了观赏价值外,在日常生活中,人们也会用其煲汤烹饪,润肺止咳、安心养神。据《中药大辞典》记载,昙花可以用于治疗肺部咳疾、跌打损伤以及子宫出血等疾病。
本发明首次发现昙花提取物具有皮肤控油、防脱发和/或祛痘等多种美容功效。因此,昙花提取物可以作为功效活性物应用于皮肤外用剂中,实现相关的美容功效。
具体地,本发明发现昙花提取物具有5α-还原酶抑制作用。因此,本发明的昙花提取物具有皮肤控油、防脱发和/或祛痘作用,可以作为功效添加剂加入皮肤外用剂中,用于皮肤控油、防脱发和/或祛痘。
5α-还原酶是雄激素代谢过程中的一种重要酶,此酶可将睾酮转化为活性更强的二氢睾酮,在体内广泛参与雄激素的代谢,发挥着重要的生理作用。5α-还原酶在体内表达异常,可以导致局部组织或周身激素水平的异常,从而导致多种疾病的发生,如痤疮、雄激素源性脱发等。
在皮脂腺细胞中,雄激素在5α-还原酶的作用下可以转化为活性更强的二氢睾酮,进一步刺激皮脂分泌,从而增强了诱发痤疮的能力。因此,抑制5α-还原酶的活性还可以控制皮肤油脂的分泌、有效缓解痤疮的产生。
此外,激素源性脱发与局部雄激素尤其是二氢睾酮的含量呈正相关,5α-还原酶是睾酮转化为二氢睾酮的关键酶。因此,抑制5α-还原酶的活性可以有效缓解脂溢性脱发。
本发明研究的鲜昙花是指农历6月至10月间,在傍晚/夜间采摘的即将开放/正在开放的鲜昙花花骨朵/花朵。
在一些实施方式中,采用热提法提取鲜昙花。例如,可以采用煎煮提取法进行提取。在一些实施方式中,提取溶剂是水(例如,去离子水)。在一些实施方式中,提取过程包括过滤步骤。例如,采用陶瓷膜和卷式膜实现过滤。在一些实施方式中,陶瓷膜是50nm陶瓷膜。在一些实施方式中,卷式膜是10000D卷式膜。在一些实施方式中,提取过程还包括截留步骤。例如,采用卷式膜实现截留步骤。在优选的实施方式中,采用300D卷式膜实现截留。在一些实施方式中,提取过程还包括浓缩步骤。例如,浓缩至固含5-10重量%。
在一些实施方式中,昙花提取物的使用浓度为0.005-25重量%。优选的使用浓度为0.0075-20重量%。更优选的使用浓度为0.01-15重量%。最优选的使用浓度为0.02-10重量%。
包含昙花提取物的皮肤外用剂
本发明的昙花提取物可以作为功效添加剂应用于皮肤外用剂中。在一些实施方式中,所述皮肤外用剂选自:洁面乳、化妆水、乳液、膏霜、啫喱、面膜。根据制剂的不同类型添加不同的用量。
另一方面,提供了一种皮肤外用剂,所述皮肤外用剂包含按照本发明方法制备得到的昙花提取物及化妆品领域可接受的赋形剂。
所述皮肤外用剂是通常用于皮肤外部的所有成分的统称概念,例如可以是化妆品组合物或药物组合物。所述化妆品组合物中可以是基础化妆品、面部妆容化妆品、身体用化妆品、头发护理用化妆品等,对其剂型无特殊限制,根据不同目的可合理选择。所述化妆品组合物中根据剂型和目的的不同还含有不同的化妆品学层面允许的介质或基质赋形剂。
可以用于本发明皮肤外用剂组合物的化妆品、皮肤病学或药学上可接受的赋形剂为水相、油相、凝胶、水包蜡型乳液、水包油型乳液或油包水型乳液的形式。水相为一种或多种水溶性或分散性组分的混合物,其在室温(25℃)下可以为液体、半固体或固体。赋形剂包括或可以为在水或水-醇赋形剂中的混悬液、分散液或溶液的形式,其可以含有增稠剂或凝胶剂。本领域技术人员可以基于本领域技术人员掌握的知识选择合适的产品形式,其中包含的组分。
所述的组合物可以包括水相,该水相可以含有水或水与至少一种亲水性有机溶剂的混合物,所述的亲水性有机溶剂诸如醇,尤其是含有2-5个碳原子的直链或支链低级一元醇,如乙醇或丙醇;多元醇,如丙二醇、山梨醇、甘油、泛醇或聚乙二醇及其混合物。
当发明的组合物为乳液形式时,该组合物还可以任选包含表面活性剂。
所述的组合物还可以包含成膜聚合物,如聚氨基甲酸酯、聚丙烯酸均聚物或共聚物、聚酯、基于烃的树脂和/或硅氧烷树脂。可以将聚合物溶于或分散于化妆品可接受的赋形剂中并且任选与增塑剂合并。
本发明的组合物还可以包含油相,所述的油相含有在室温(25℃)下为液体的油溶性或油分散性组分和/或在室温下为油状或蜡状的物质,如蜡、半固体、树胶及其混合物。该油相还可以含有有机溶剂。
通常在室温下为液体,合适的油性物质包括:来源于动物的基于烃的油,如全氢化角鲨烯;基于烃的植物油,如液体的C4-10脂肪酸的甘油三酯类,例如庚酸或辛酸甘油三酯类,或油,例如向日葵油、玉米油、大豆油、葡萄籽油、蓖麻油、鳄梨油、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯类、霍霍巴油;矿物或合成来源的直链或支链烃类,例如液体石蜡及其衍生物、凡士林;合成酯类和醚类,特别是脂肪醇的酯类,例如肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸2-乙基己酯、硬脂酸2-辛基十二烷基酯、异硬脂酸异硬脂醇酯;羟基化酯类,例如乳酸异硬脂醇酯、羟基硬脂酸辛酯、羟基硬脂酸辛酯、羟基硬脂酸辛基十二烷基酯、脂肪醇的庚酸酯类、辛酸酯类和癸酸脂类;多元醇酯类,例如丙二醇二辛酸酯、新戊二醇二庚酸酯、二甘醇二异壬酸酯和季戊四醇酯类;含有C12-26的脂肪醇类,例如辛基十二烷醇、2-丁基辛醇、2-己基癸醇、2-十一烷基十五烷醇、油醇;基于部分烃的氟油和/或氟硅油,硅油,在室温下为液体或半固体的挥发性或非挥发性的直链或环状聚甲基硅氧烷,例如环状聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚二甲基硅氧烷,其任选包含苯基,例如苯基三甲基硅氧烷、硅氧烷及其混合物。
本发明的组合物可以进一步包含常用于化妆品领域中的任何组分。这些组分包括防腐剂、水相增稠剂(提取物生物聚合物、合成聚合物)和脂肪相增稠剂、芳香剂、亲水性和亲脂性活性剂及其混合物。
本发明的组合物还可以包含另外的颗粒相,所述的颗粒相可以为化妆品组合物中使用的颜料和/或珠光剂和/或填充剂。
颜料可以存在于组合物中,合适的无机颜料包括氧化钛、氧化锆和氧化铈以及氧化锌、氧化铁和铁蓝;合适的有机颜料包括钡、锶、钙和铝色淀和碳黑。
珠光剂可以存在于组合物中,合适的珠光剂包括涂覆了氧化钛、氧化铁或天然颜料的云母。
填充剂可以存在于组合物中,合适的填充剂包括滑石粉、二氧化硅、硬脂酸锌、云母、高岭土、尼龙粉末、聚乙烯粉末、特氟龙、淀粉、一氮化硼、共聚物微球,例如硅氧烷树脂微珠。
本发明组合物的油相可以包含一种或多种蜡、树胶或其混合物。蜡包括基于烃的蜡、氟蜡和/或硅氧烷蜡,并且可以来源于植物、矿物、动物和/或合成来源。合适的蜡包括蜂蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、小烛树蜡、石蜡、微晶蜡、地蜡;合成蜡包括聚乙烯蜡、含有C16-45的硅氧烷蜡。树胶一般为聚二甲基硅氧烷或羧甲基纤维素钠或提取物类,并且半固体物质一般为基于烃的化合物,如羊毛脂及其衍生物。
可以将本发明的组合物配制成任何合适的产品形式。这类产品形式包括,但不限于气溶胶型喷雾剂、霜剂、乳液、固体、液体、分散体、泡沫、凝胶、化妆水、摩丝、软膏、粉剂、贴剂、润发油、溶液、手按泵型喷雾剂、棒状物、面膜和湿纸巾。可以将本发明的组合物通过本领域众所周知的各种方法便利地用于制备或作为化妆品、皮肤病学或药物局部施用产品。
本发明的皮肤外用剂组合物可以包括一种或多种下列成分:抗过敏剂、抗微生物剂、抗氧化剂、螯合剂、着色剂去色素剂、润肤剂、乳化剂、表皮脱落剂、成膜剂、香料、保湿剂、昆虫驱避剂、润滑剂、药物活性剂、增湿剂、耐光剂、防腐剂、护肤剂、皮肤渗透增强剂、防晒剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、粘度调节剂、维生素或其任意组合。
下面结合具体的实施例进一步阐述本发明。但是,应该明白,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不构成对本发明范围的限制。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的试验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另有说明,所有的百分比和份数按重量计。
以下实施例中采用的实验材料和设备如下:
注:鲜昙花是指农历6月至10月间,在傍晚/夜间采摘的即将开放/正在开放的鲜昙花花骨朵/花朵。
实施例1:昙花提取物的制备
取鲜昙花500g,10升去离子水煎煮提取1小时。过滤,滤液过50nm陶瓷膜;收集透析液,继续过10000D卷式膜;收集透析液,继续过300D卷式膜,收集截留液。浓缩至100g,即得鲜昙花提取物,固含:6.43%。
实施例2:昙花提取物的制备
取46.656g实施例1鲜昙花提取物,加去离子水至100g,搅拌均匀,即得浓度为30mg/g鲜昙花提取物。
实施例3:昙花提取物的制备
取1g实施例2溶液,加去离子水至100g,搅拌均匀,即得浓度为0.3mg/g鲜昙花提取物。
实施例4:昙花提取物的制备
取5g实施例2溶液,加去离子水至100g,搅拌均匀,即得浓度为1.5mg/g鲜昙花提取物。
实施例5:昙花提取物的制备
取10g实施例2溶液,加去离子水至100g,搅拌均匀,即得浓度为3mg/g鲜昙花提取物。
实施例6:5α-还原酶抑制活性测定
睾酮会在NADPH的参与下被5α-还原酶作用转化为活性更强的二氢睾酮(DHT),因此可以通过测定反应体系中底物睾酮含量变化,从而测得待测物对5α-还原酶抑制作用。
实验分为空白对照组(B)、未加抑制剂的反应组(Q)、加入待测抑制剂的反应组(R,实施例3~5)、阳性对照组(PC,0.05mg/ml非那雄安)。
操作分两部分完成。
①将反应成分依照先后顺序(缓冲液;10mg/mL 5a-还原酶粗酶提取物;样品及阳性对照药;4μg/mL睾酮;10mmol/L NADPH)加入96孔板内,反应体系加液见表1。
表1:反应体系加液表
试剂 | B组 | Q组 | PC组 | R组 |
5a-还原酶粗酶提取物 | / | 5μL | 5μL | 5μL |
缓冲液 | 70μL | 65μL | 65μL | 65μL |
非那雄安 | / | / | 10μL | / |
待测样品 | / | / | / | 10μL |
溶剂对照(水或20%乙醇) | 10μL | 10μL | / | / |
睾酮 | 10μL | 10μL | 10μL | 10μL |
NADPH | 10μL | 10μL | 10μL | 10μL |
注:“/”表示不加相应物质
反应温度为37℃,反应时间为30min,反应体系总体积100μL,反应结束后,取50μL反应液加入100μL甲醇溶液中终止反应,10000×g离心10min后,取上清溶液待测。所有组均三复孔。
②采用超高效液相串联质谱系统(UPLC-MS)定量测定待测样品中的睾酮含量,以底物睾酮的消耗量来反映酶活性的强弱。受试样品管中睾酮消耗量低于未加抑制剂组反应管的睾酮消耗量时,则视为具有抑制5α-还原酶的活性。采用UPLC-MS对睾酮含量进行检测,具体为Q Exactive四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱仪,配有H-ESI II离子源,液相色谱系统为Dionex Ultimate 3000高压液相色谱。色谱条件:采用Waters Acquity HSS T3色谱柱(100×2.1mm,1.8μm)柱,流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)和乙腈(B),梯度洗脱:0-0.5min,45%B;0.5-2min,45%-55%B;2-3.2min,55-60%B;3.2-3.5min,60-90%B;3.5-5min,90%B;5-6min,45%B。流速:0.4mL/min;进样量:5μL;柱温:40℃。质谱采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式分析,数据采集采用全扫描-单离子监控(Full scan-SIM)模式,范围为100~1500m/z,分辨率70000;喷雾电压为3.5kV;毛细管温度为320℃;加热器温度为300℃;鞘气流量为30Arb;辅助气流量为13Arb;自动增益控制(AGC)为106。
5α-还原酶抑制率(%)=[(B-Q)-(B-R)]/(B-Q)×100。
表2:5α-还原酶抑制率
实验分组 | 抑制率 |
PC(0.05mg/ml非那雄安) | 32.90% |
实施例3 | 1.10% |
实施例4 | 28.90% |
实施例5 | 46.70% |
由表2可知:实施例3(0.3mg/g鲜昙花提取物)不能抑制5α-还原酶;实施例4(1.5mg/g鲜昙花提取物)的5α-还原酶抑制率为28.90%;实施例5(3mg/g鲜昙花提取物)的5α-还原酶抑制率为46.70%,并且优于PC组(0.05mg/ml非那雄安)。说明昙花能很好的抑制5α-还原酶活性,且成浓度依赖性。这都说明昙花具有较好的控油、防脱发、祛痘等美容功效。
实施例3~5等制备物用于皮肤外用剂的制备。所述皮肤外用剂优选为化妆品组合物,例如化妆水、精华液、乳霜等。所述制备物在皮肤外用剂中的重量百分比为0.005%-25%(w/w)。优选的重量百分比为0.0075%-20%(w/w)。更优选的重量百分比为0.01%-15%(w/w)。最优选的重量百分比为0.02%-10%(w/w)。
以下是含有昙花提取物的皮肤外用剂中的具体应用的实施例,以及这些剂型的配方和制备方法。以下各表中“-”表示无添加。
实施例7:面霜的制备
实施例8:乳液的制备
实施例9:啫喱的制备
实施例10:化妆水的制备
实施例11:精华液的制备
实施例12:面膜的制备
实施例13:眼霜的制备
实施例14:气雾(清洁泡)的制备
实施例15:喷雾的制备
实施例16:沐浴露的制备
实施例17:洗面奶的制备
Claims (9)
1.昙花提取物在皮肤控油、防脱发和/或祛痘中的应用,其中,所述昙花提取物采用水作为提取溶剂,通过煎煮提取制备。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述昙花提取物是鲜昙花提取物。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其中,所述昙花提取物的制备还包括过滤步骤,所述过滤步骤采用陶瓷膜和卷式膜的组合。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其中,所述陶瓷膜是50nm陶瓷膜,所述卷式膜是10000D卷式膜。
5.如权利要求2所述的应用,其中,所述昙花提取物的制备还包括截留步骤,所述截留步骤采用300D卷式膜。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的应用,其中,所述皮肤控油、防脱发和/或祛痘通过抑制5α-还原酶实现。
7.昙花提取物在制备具有皮肤控油、防脱发和/或祛痘作用的皮肤外用剂中的应用。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用,其中,所述皮肤控油、防脱发和/或祛痘通过抑制5α-还原酶实现。
9.如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述皮肤外用剂选自:面霜、乳液、啫喱、化妆水、精华液、面膜、眼霜、气雾洁面泡、喷雾、沐浴露、洗面奶。
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