CN117337735A - Three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting shinyleaf yellowhorn with peanut - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting peanuts in shinyleaf yellowhorn, wherein peanuts are interplanted between two rows of shinyleaf yellowhorn trees, the row spacing of the shinyleaf yellowhorn is 3 meters, and the plant spacing is 2m; peanut 1 film 4 rows, film width 1.5m, plant spacing 15cm, one hole 2 grains. The shinyleaf yellowhorn and the peanut are interplanted, so that on one hand, land resources are fully utilized, the yield and benefit of the unit forest land area are increased, and the economic benefit of a planter can be effectively improved; on the other hand, intercropping can form a hybrid forest, the under-forest dead branches and fallen leaves layer and humus are thicker, the soil texture of the forest land is loose, the peanuts are solid nitrogen fertilizer field crops, the soil porosity is improved, the plant growth is facilitated, and meanwhile, the hybrid forest is formed to have a larger inhibition effect on diseases.

Description

Three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting shinyleaf yellowhorn with peanut

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting shiny-leaved yellowhorn with peanuts.

Background

The shinyleaf yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bge) belongs to shinyleaf yellowhorn genus of soapberry family, and is of strong adaptability and stress resistance (cold resistance, drought resistance and salt and alkali resistance). The shinyleaf yellowhorn is a rare woody oil tree seed in China, the oil content of the shinyleaf yellowhorn seed reaches 30.8%, the oil content of kernel after shelling reaches 66.39%, the protein content is 25.75%, the crude fiber content is 1.6%, the non-nitrogen substance content is 3.73%, the unsaturated fatty acid content in the shinyleaf yellowhorn oil reaches 94%, and the linoleic acid content is 36.9%. Therefore, the shinyleaf yellowhorn is a special woody oil plant in China, is called as northern oil tea, and has wide development prospect.

The Xinjiang stone river has the characteristics of rich sunlight, rich heat, large day-night temperature difference, small precipitation, large evaporation capacity, air drying and the like of the oasis climate in typical arid areas, and is a suitable area for peanut planting. The peanut is a good crop rotation of other crops, and has the characteristics of water conservation, soil fertility, strong natural disaster risk resistance and higher economic value.

Intercropping and interplanting can effectively improve economic benefit of growers. In the prior art, the related shinyleaf yellowhorn and peanut interplanting research is rare.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting shinyleaf yellowhorn with peanuts.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting peanuts in shinyleaf yellowhorn includes interplanting peanuts between two rows of shinyleaf yellowhorn trees, wherein the row spacing of the shinyleaf yellowhorn is 3 meters, and the plant spacing is 2m; peanut 1 film 4 rows, film width 1.5m, plant spacing 15cm, one hole 2 grains.

Further, the shinyleaf yellowhorn adopts root sewer pipe drip irrigation.

Further, the peanut adopts a drip irrigation cultivation mode under a film.

Further, the breeding of the shinyleaf yellowhorn comprises the following steps:

further, the peanut variety is selected from a "flower-growing" series or a "Yuhua" series.

Further, the peanut planting adopts a shallow plowing and ridge covering mode, and is distributed according to a mode of one film, two pipes and four rows.

Further, a wide film of 1.5m was used, 30cm+50cm+30cm wide and narrow row.

Further, if the average pitch of the 8 th to 12 th sections of the first pair of side branches of the peanuts reaches 10cm, and the plant height and the side branch length exceed 40cm, the condensation and amination control should be sprayed in time.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The shinyleaf yellowhorn and the peanut are interplanted, the shinyleaf yellowhorn and the peanut are oil plants, the shinyleaf yellowhorn is oil woody, and the peanut is oil crops, so that on one hand, land resources are fully utilized, the yield and benefit of unit forest land area are increased, and the economic benefit of a grower can be effectively improved; on the other hand, intercropping can form a hybrid forest, the under-forest dead branches and fallen leaves layer and humus are thicker, the soil texture of the forest land is loose, the peanut root system can fix the nitrogen fertilizer field, the soil porosity is improved, the plant growth is facilitated, and meanwhile, the hybrid forest is formed to have a larger inhibition effect on diseases.

(2) After shinyleaf yellowhorn is planted, the shinyleaf yellowhorn blooms in the next year, and fruiting is achieved in three years, and yield is increased in five years. Especially, the tree crowns are smaller in the first three years, short crops such as peanuts and the like can be intercropped under the tree, and the benefit is higher than that of single seed; the shinyleaf yellowhorn is deeper in woody root system, the root systems of the peanuts are mainly distributed in shallow soil layers by 0-30cm, the root systems are not staggered basically, a certain distance is reserved between the peanuts and the shinyleaf yellowhorn in planting according to the arrangement of the method, the row spacing of the shinyleaf yellowhorn is 3 meters, the width of a peanut film is 1.5 meters, larger gaps are reserved on two sides, and the mutual influence of the root systems between two plants is reduced.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cultivation method for interplanting shiny-leaved yellowhorn and peanut in the present application.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, in the three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting peanuts in shinyleaf yellowhorn, peanuts are interplanted between two rows of shinyleaf yellowhorn trees, the row spacing L1 of the shinyleaf yellowhorn is 3 meters, and the plant spacing H1 is 2m; peanut 1 is arranged in 4 lines, the film width L2 is 1.5m, the plant spacing H2 is 15cm, L3 is 30cm+L4 is 50cm+L5, and the width and the narrow line are 30cm, and one hole is 2 grains. The test ground is 150 clusters of stone river.

Three methods are commonly used for xanthoceras sorbifolia seedling breeding, including seeding and seedling raising, separated plant seedling raising and root cutting propagation. In this example, seeding and seedling raising are selected. When seedling raising, sand soil with flat topography, fertile soil texture, deep soil layer, convenient water filling and good water drainage is selected; too high groundwater level or unsuitable saline-alkali soil and continuous cropping land. The nursery is deeply turned for 25 cm in autumn in the previous year of seedling cultivation, early spring is lightly turned and crushed, and farmyard manure is thoroughly decomposed, 3000 kg per mu is applied, raked and made into a high bed, the height of the bed is 20 cm, the width of the bed is 100-110 cm, and the width of a ridge is 65-70 cm.

Before the soil is frozen, selecting a place with good leeward, sunny and water draining, digging a flat pit with depth of 1 meter, the length and width can be determined according to the number of seeds, soaking and sterilizing the seeds, uniformly mixing the seeds with 2-3 times of wet sand, placing the seeds in the pit with humidity of 60 percent, stacking the seeds with thickness of 60-70 cm, standing grass to ventilate, filling the seeds with the wet sand, and then hilling the seeds slightly higher than the ground. Taking out 10-15 days before sowing in the next year, sieving out seeds in wet sand, placing the seeds in a pit which is subjected to wind direction Yang Xiaoping, spreading the seeds, and carrying out sun-drying and heating to naturally accelerate germination, wherein the thickness of the seeds is generally 20-30 cm. Turning 3-4 times per day, spraying small amount of water at proper time to maintain humidity, piling up at night, and covering with straw curtain. When the seeds have one third of shallow cracking nozzles, the seeds can be sown. Spring sowing is carried out in the middle 4 months and the beginning of the last ten days to 5 months. Irrigating plantar water on a seedbed (ridge) 5-7 days before sowing, ditching along the seedbed (ridge) after the seedbed is infiltrated slightly and dried, keeping the ditch depth at 3-5 cm and the ditch distance at 15cm, placing seeds in the ditch every 6-7 cm, horizontally placing umbilicus, covering soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm, and slowly irrigating the surface of the bed (ridge) with water to ensure that the seeds are tightly contacted with the soil. The seedlings generally come out well within 20 days after sowing. Soil loosening, weeding, topdressing, irrigation, thinning and seedling fixing are needed in time during the growth period of the seedlings, and pest control is carried out. The soil is not excessively loosened for the first time, the tender seedlings are prevented from being damaged, and the distance between the seedlings is kept to be 9-12 cm after the seedlings are fixed. The seedlings of shinyleaf yellowhorn grow rapidly, the seedlings are sowed in the same year, the average height is 50-70 cm, the ground diameter is 0.7-0.9 cm, the main root length is 50-70 cm, the terminal buds are full, the lignification is good, and the nursery standard can be achieved. The nursery overwintering nursery stock is filled with sealing water for one time before the soil is frozen. Irrigation is carried out before digging seedlings, and special attention should be paid to protecting the roots of the seedlings during digging the seedlings. The root system of the shinyleaf yellowhorn is fragile, easy to damage and fold, and easy to lose water and dry, and the shinyleaf yellowhorn needs to be immediately planted in a temporary way or stored in a cellar for overwintering after digging seedlings.

Forestation technology: the afforestation land should be selected from sandy loam with deep soil layer, good drainage in lee and sun direction, and slightly alkaline soil with pH value of 7.5-8.0. The soil preparation time is carried out in autumn one year before forestation. The soil preparation method is divided into three modes of comprehensive soil preparation, strip soil preparation and hole soil preparation. The method is suitable for land plots with flat topography, deep soil layer, more weeds and sticky soil, and is used for comprehensively land preparation and deep turning for 25 cm by using machinery; the strip-shaped land preparation is suitable for places which are relatively gentle hills and are prone to wind erosion, the land preparation band width is 2 cm, and the band distance is determined according to the line spacing. For mountain areas with larger gradients, the hilly areas are subjected to banded soil preparation along the contour lines. The pit-shaped soil preparation is suitable for low-lying sloping fields, mountain fields and soil and water conservation, and is suitable for pit-shaped or scale pit soil preparation, wherein the pit diameter is 50cm and the depth is 50 cm. The shinyleaf yellowhorn interplanted with peanut forest land can be planted in thin mode, and generally 111 plants are customized per mu, wherein the plant-to-row spacing is 2×3 meters.

The shinyleaf yellowhorn can be planted in autumn and spring. Preferably, the plant is planted in autumn (10 late months). The root system is cut off when planting, so that the root is not nest, the seedling is not hung, the root is not exposed, and the body resistance and the foot compaction are stabilized. And (5) watering in time after conditional local planting to ensure survival. The shiny-leaved yellowhorn is planted and then is nurtured in time, and soil loosening and weeding can be performed in a mode of combining pick and knife. And secondly, reasonably fertilizing. The fertilizer is applied before flowering, and sodium naphthalene acetate is sprayed in the flowering phase, so that the fruit setting rate is improved, and the yield is increased. Thirdly, timely watering. Before flowering, the base fertilizer is applied to perform spring irrigation, so that flower and fruit dropping can be avoided. Winter irrigation is performed before winter entry, which is beneficial to preserving soil moisture. Fourthly, reasonably shaping and trimming.

The main pest control technology comprises the following steps: the insect-damaged leaves all turn yellow and quickly lose moisture and dry out to death. When the roots are inspected, the phloem and the skin tissue are changed from white to water-stain-like yellow, decayed and odorous at 10-20 cm below the roots. Seedling management is enhanced in prevention and treatment, weeding is carried out in time, and disease plants are removed. After insect pests are found, soil can be poured into the near-root position by using a solution of which the ratio is 1:1000 times of 90% of trichlorfon. The adults in spring particularly like to eat shinyleaf yellowhorn buds, and the hazard is serious in the windless evening in the last ten days of 5 months. The emulsion of dichlorvos can be used for preventing and controlling adult insects by spraying 500-1000 times of the emulsion.

The shinyleaf yellowhorn as fresh fruit can be collected and sold when the content of the kernel becomes turbid and becomes semi-milky, and the kernel can not be collected again after starting. As oil, the pericarp is required to turn yellow and the seed coat turns black, the seeds are fully ripe and harvested, the seeds are sun-dried and cracked after being harvested, and the seeds are stored for sale when the water content is reduced to below 13%. The sun-curing should be carried out on the land or mat, but not on the cement land and the stone slab.

Before planting peanuts, according to soil fertility conditions, combined with soil preparation, formulated fertilization, enough base fertilizer is applied, the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, high-quality farmyard manure is applied by more than 5-6 000 kg/mu, the compound fertilizer is 60 kg/mu, and a proper amount of biological bacterial fertilizer and humic acid fertilizer trace element fertilizer are applied.

Variety selection: the method mainly comprises the steps of flower cultivation 60 and flower 93 of medium-late maturing large-fruit peanut varieties, and is especially planted under the condition that stone river is drip-irrigated under desert mass field film, and has high yield and excellent comprehensive properties.

Sowing technology: before sowing, the shelled peanut seeds should be fully dried for 1-2 days and then shelled. Then seed dressing treatment is carried out, the new planting area advocates seed dressing by rhizobia, and in order to ensure the uniformity and consistency of sowing, the seeds are also subjected to size grading, and the seeds are sowed in time after the treatment. If the soil moisture content is insufficient before sowing, a dry sowing and wet sowing method can be adopted under the condition of drip irrigation under the film. The sowing time of the stone river reclamation area is generally between 25 days of 4 months and 10 days of 5 months.

Planting mode: the under-film drip irrigation technology is a key planting mode for realizing high yield of peanuts, adopts a shallow plowing and ridge film covering mode, adopts a wide film of 1.5m according to a layout of one film, two pipes and four lines, adopts a wide row of 30cm+50cm+30cm, adopts a plant spacing of 15cm, and completes one-hole double-grain seeding, film paving, pipe laying and soil covering operation. The density of 11000-13000 holes/mu is suitable.

The film is pressed by manual assistance in time after sowing so as to prevent the film from being uncovered by strong wind, the soil moisture is timely checked after sowing, the soil moisture is supplemented, the water quantity is not too large when the water is dripped for the first time, and the seedling emergence can be achieved. In the early stage of peanut emergence, checking and supplementing seedlings in time, timely placing seedlings which cannot break membranes and are misplaced, soaking peanut seeds with more than 2 holes for supplementing seedlings in time, and timely covering soil to seal membrane openings so as to prevent running temperature and moisture. When the peanuts are aligned, cleaning the seedlings, and removing weeds around sowing holes; manually scraping branches which do not grow the film; nest which is too deep and too shallow and is not easy to emerge is checked out, so that germination and reseeding are facilitated in time to ensure full seedlings, and a film opening is sealed in the process of cleaning the seedlings.

The first cultivation is carried out after the peanut is basically aligned with seedlings and before the seedling cleaning, the cultivation is deep, the root system deep-pricking and hardening breaking are facilitated, the cultivation and hilling are carried out before the peanut plant is ridged and most of the fruit needles are planted into soil, the downward pricking of the fruit needles is facilitated, the flowering is basically finished, the cultivation is carried out again in the downward pricking period of the fruit needles, and meanwhile, the cultivation is combined with water dripping, and the big grass is pulled out. In the cultivation of peanuts in a stone river reclamation area, particularly in a shallow plowing flat furrow film covering mode, attention is paid to cultivation measures.

The peanut is easy to overgrow in the early stage and easy to decline in the later stage, and the principle of field management needs to be 'front control and back protection'. The irrigation principle is that the seedling stage is less, the middle stage is more, the later stage is proper, the water quantity is not excessive in the earlier stage according to the soil moisture content, the soil can be guaranteed to be moist, the middle stage mainly grabs two key stages of the peanut needle setting stage and the pod bearing stage to drip water, and the key stage is the key stage of the peanut fertilizer requirement and the water dripping of watering is combined to drip water and dissolve fertilizer. And controlling the water dropping amount in the later period, spraying foliar fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate and trace element fertilizer, supplementing medium trace elements such as potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and the like, and preventing defoliation and premature senility. If the average pitch of the 8 th to 12 th sections of the first pair of lateral branches reaches 10cm, the plant height and the lateral branch length exceed 40cm, the condensation and section amination control should be sprayed in time.

The common pest of peanut is cutworm, and the agricultural method is to prevent and treat or to prevent and treat by using pesticide for seed dressing, pesticide spraying and the like. The diseases include fungus and bacterial diseases, mainly including leaf spot disease, net spot disease, etc., and the pesticide is sprayed to prevent and treat the diseases, and if the peanut is to enter or be in the harvest period, the chemical prevention and treatment can be unnecessary.

The harvesting time of the peanuts is generally 9 late months, and when the upper leaves of the peanuts turn yellow, the reticulate patterns of the pod shells are clear, brown spots appear on the inner walls of the pod shells, and the peanuts can be harvested. And weather forecast is paid attention to during harvesting, so that frost weather is avoided.

By adopting the interplanting method, the peanut yield reaches more than 500 kg/mu. The shiny-leaved yellowhorn crown of the previous three years is smaller, short crops such as peanuts and the like can be intercropped under the shiny-leaved yellowhorn crown, and the benefit is higher than that of single seed. Three years later, the shiny-leaved yellowhorn crown is larger and then planted with yin-resistant peanut varieties.

According to the interplanting method, the peanuts and the shinyleaf yellowhorn are respectively provided with the independent watering and fertilizing systems, the peanuts are dwarf crops, nutrition competition and shading are not generated, and therefore the yield of the shinyleaf yellowhorn is not influenced after the peanuts are planted. In contrast, the peanuts cover the bare land, reduce water evaporation, effectively prevent weed breeding and improve the ecology in forests. Along with the growth of the shinyleaf yellowhorn, although the yield of peanuts is affected to a certain extent, the yield of the shinyleaf yellowhorn is increased rapidly, the yield of the shinyleaf yellowhorn is obviously higher than the loss of the yield of the peanuts, and the total yield is increased.

The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the claims without affecting the spirit of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting peanuts in shinyleaf yellowhorn is characterized in that peanuts are interplanted between two rows of shinyleaf yellowhorn fruit trees, the row spacing of the shinyleaf yellowhorn is 3 meters, and the plant spacing is 2m; peanut 1 film 4 rows, film width 1.5m, plant spacing 15cm, one hole 2 grains.

2. The three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting peanuts with shiny-leaved yellowhorn according to claim 1, wherein the shiny-leaved yellowhorn adopts root downcomer drip irrigation.

3. The three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting shiny-leaved yellowhorn with peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the peanuts adopt a drip irrigation cultivation mode under a film.

4. The three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting peanuts with shiny-leaved yellowhorn according to claim 1, wherein the peanut varieties are selected from a "flower-growing" series or a "Yuhua" series.

5. The three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting shiny-leaved yellowhorn with peanuts, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the peanut planting adopts a shallow-ploughing flat-bed film covering mode and is distributed according to one-film, two-pipe and four-line modes.

6. The three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting peanuts with shiny-leaved yellowhorn according to claim 1, wherein a wide film of 1.5m is adopted, and a wide row of 30cm+50cm+30cm is adopted.

7. The three-dimensional efficient cultivation method for interplanting peanuts in shiny-leaved yellowhorn according to claim 1, wherein if the average pitch of sections 8-12 of the first pair of side branches of the peanuts reaches 10cm, the plant height and the side branch length exceed 40cm, the condensation and amination control should be sprayed in time.