CN117301641A - 一种针织面料及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种针织面料及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN117301641A
CN117301641A CN202311186848.3A CN202311186848A CN117301641A CN 117301641 A CN117301641 A CN 117301641A CN 202311186848 A CN202311186848 A CN 202311186848A CN 117301641 A CN117301641 A CN 117301641A
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temperature
knitted fabric
regulating
twisting
water repellent
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楼祝根
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Shaoxing Shutao Knitting Co ltd
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Shaoxing Shutao Knitting Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种针织面料及其制造方法，涉及纺织面料，其技术方案要点是：包括拒水层和调温层，拒水层通过坯布浸扎光固化二氧化硅溶胶和浸渍十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷拒水改性剂得到，调温层由若干调温纱线织造而成，调温纱线包括线芯及螺旋缠绕在线芯外侧的包覆纱，包覆纱由若干调温功能纤维加捻而成。本发明的针织面料通过将拒水层和调温层结合，拒水层具有极好的拒水性，从而使得针织面料具有较好的拒水透湿性，能够适用于户外环境的穿着，调温层具有较好的温度调节能力，能够随着环境的温度变化及时作出调整，从而始终维持体表与针织面料之间的微环境的温度处于舒适的范围，使得由针织面料制成的服装能够适用于环境的温度变化，适用性较高。

Description

一种针织面料及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织面料，更具体地说，它涉及一种针织面料及其制造方法。
背景技术
针织面料是利用织针将纱线弯曲成圈并相互串套而形成的织物，是众多面料中应用较为广泛的一种。
现有的针织面料通常是使用织机进行自动织造，分经编针织面料和纬编针织面料，具有质地柔软的特性，且具备较大的延伸性和弹性，因此常用来制作服装。服装不仅要考虑穿着舒适性，更要考虑功能性。当针织面料选用麻类植物纤维、蚕丝等作为原材料织造而成时，其制作的服装通常具有较好的透气性和吸湿性，从而能够很好地适用于温度较高的环境，而当针织面料选用各类羊毛、羊绒、棉纤维等作为原材料织造而成时，其制作的服装通常具有较好的保暖性，从而能够很好地适用于温度较低的环境。
因此，采用单一种类的纤维制造针织面料，使得针织面料的功能单一，导致由针织面料制成的服装无法适用于环境的温度变化，且针织面料不具备拒水效果，容易被水汽润湿，从而无法适用于户外环境，适用性较差。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种针织面料及其制造方法，具有较好的拒水性和温度调节能力，适用性较高。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：一种针织面料，包括拒水层和调温层，所述拒水层通过坯布浸扎光固化二氧化硅溶胶和浸渍十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷拒水改性剂得到，所述调温层由若干调温纱线织造而成，所述调温纱线包括线芯及螺旋缠绕在线芯外侧的包覆纱，所述包覆纱由若干调温功能纤维加捻而成。
本发明进一步设置为：所述光固化二氧化硅溶胶按重量份数计包括以下组分：
正硅酸四乙脂30-50份；
三乙氧基硅烷10-30份；
乙醇5-10份；
氨水1-3份。
本发明进一步设置为：所述线芯包括芯纱及螺旋缠绕在芯纱外侧的绕线，所述芯纱由若干异形涤纶纤维加捻而成，所述异形涤纶纤维的截面为十字形。
本发明进一步设置为：所述绕线由若干汉麻纤维加捻而成。
一种针织面料的制造方法，包括如下步骤：
1)坯布织造：将成团的纤维松解并进行除杂，然后通过加捻机加捻成纱线，再将纱线置于自动织机上进行针织织造，织成坯布；
2)清洗烘干：将坯布置于水洗机内进行清洗，同时添加非离子表面活性剂，清洗温度为50℃，持续30分钟，去除坯布上残留的杂质，然后置于烘箱内烘干待用；
3)溶胶制备：预先制备好三乙氧基硅烷，然后将乙醇加入反应釜内部进行搅拌，同时添加氨水，在60℃条件下搅拌30分钟后，再向反应釜内部添加正硅酸四乙脂，添加结束后继续搅拌40分钟，然后添加三乙氧基硅烷继续反应30分钟，制成光固化二氧化硅溶胶；
4)一次整理：将经过步骤3)制成的光固化二氧化硅溶胶通过浸扎的方法施加到经过步骤1)织成的坯布上；
5)二次整理：将乙醇加入反应釜内部，添加十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷拒水改性剂进行均匀搅拌，然后添加盐酸溶液，促进十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷拒水改性剂水解并制成水解液，然后将经过步骤4)处理后的坯布浸入水解液中，持续40分钟，取出烘干，最后通过紫外线光照30分钟，制成拒水层；
6)调温层制备：预先制备好调温纱线，将调温纱线置于全自动剑杆织样机上进行织造，制成调温层；
7)复合工序：将经过步骤5)制成的拒水层和经过步骤6)制成的调温层通过热熔胶复合在一起，制成针织面料；
8)烘干定型：将经过步骤7)制成的针织面料置于面料定型机内进行烘干定型，整理平整。
本发明进一步设置为：所述步骤3)中制备三乙氧基硅烷的具体步骤如下：
A)加料搅拌：在烧瓶内依次加入四正丁基溴化铵、叠氮化钠、氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷以及乙腈，通过磁力搅拌将其搅拌均匀；
B)充气反应：先通过真空泵抽取烧瓶内的空气，然后打开气阀通入氮气，重复三次，使得烧瓶内充满氮气，然后加热到60℃，连续反应18小时，反应过程中持续通入氮气；
C)后处理：反应结束后，通过过滤和旋蒸去除溶剂，制成三乙氧基硅烷。
本发明进一步设置为：所述步骤6)中制备调温纱线的具体步骤如下：
a)熔融纺丝：将相变母粒和聚丙烯颗粒置于螺杆挤压机内部，使其共同在螺杆挤压机中熔融纺丝，制成丝束；
b)牵伸卷曲：对经过步骤a)纺出的丝束进行牵伸，牵伸时控制紧张热定型温度在80℃-110℃之间，牵伸后再通过卷曲机卷曲；
c)定型切断：将经过步骤b)卷曲后的丝束放入烘箱内，在保持加热温度的基础上进行松弛热定型，最后通过切断机切断，制成调温功能纤维；
d)加捻成型：将经过步骤c)制成的调温功能纤维与异形涤纶纤维和汉麻纤维加捻后制成调温纱线。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明的针织面料通过将拒水层和调温层结合，拒水层具有极好的拒水性，当服装在户外环境中穿着时，拒水层能够有效阻隔水汽，避免水汽渗入针织面料内部，而人体散发的汗蒸汽却能够透过拒水层传导到外界进行排干，从而使得针织面料具有较好的拒水透湿性，穿着舒适性高，能够适用于户外环境的穿着，调温层具有较好的温度调节能力，能够随着环境的温度变化及时作出调整，从而始终维持体表与针织面料之间的微环境的温度处于舒适的范围，使得由针织面料制成的服装能够适用于环境的温度变化，适用性较高。
2、本发明的制造方法步骤简单有序，采用两步法进行拒水整理，免去了烘焙的繁琐操作，通过紫外线光照直接赋予拒水层极好的拒水性能，操作较为便捷简单，整理效果好，以调温功能纤维为原料，通过全自动剑杆织样机进行织造，制成调温层，操作较为便捷简单。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明中调温纱线的结构示意图。
附图标记：1、拒水层；2、调温层；3、线芯；4、包覆纱；5、芯纱；6、绕线。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
参阅图1所示，一种针织面料，包括拒水层1和调温层2，拒水层1通过坯布浸扎光固化二氧化硅溶胶和浸渍十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷拒水改性剂得到，其中，光固化二氧化硅溶胶按重量份数计包括以下组分：正硅酸四乙脂30-50份；三乙氧基硅烷10-30份；乙醇5-10份；氨水1-3份。
参阅图2所示，调温层2由若干调温纱线织造而成，调温纱线包括线芯3及螺旋缠绕在线芯3外侧的包覆纱4，且包覆纱4由若干调温功能纤维加捻而成，线芯3包括芯纱5及螺旋缠绕在芯纱5外侧的绕线6，且芯纱5由若干异形涤纶纤维加捻而成，异形涤纶纤维的截面为十字形，则异形涤纶纤维具有四个凹槽，在将若干异形涤纶纤维加捻后，纤维之间始终预留有间隙，从而使得芯纱5具有较好的透气透湿性，进而使得调温纱线具有较好的透气透湿功能，从而有效提升了针织面料的穿着舒适性，绕线6由若干汉麻纤维加捻而成，汉麻纤维吸湿透气性较好，且具有较好的抗菌性，既提升了针织面料的吸湿透气性，又能避免针织面料内部细菌滋生，从而延长了针织面料的使用寿命。
本发明通过将拒水层1和调温层2结合，在针织面料被制成服装并进行穿着时，调温层2会与体表贴合，而拒水层1则朝向外部设置，由于拒水层1通过坯布浸扎光固化二氧化硅溶胶和浸渍十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷拒水改性剂得到，从而使得拒水层1具有极好的拒水性，当服装在户外环境中穿着时，拒水层1能够有效阻隔水汽，避免水汽渗入针织面料内部，而人体散发的汗蒸汽却能够透过拒水层1传导到外界进行排干，从而使得针织面料具有较好的拒水透湿性，穿着舒适性高，能够适用于户外环境的穿着，由于调温层2由若干调温纱线织造而成，调温纱线包括包覆纱4，且包覆纱4由若干调温功能纤维加捻而成，调温功能纤维具有自动调温的功能，从而使得调温层2具有较好的温度调节能力，能够随着环境的温度变化及时作出调整，从而始终维持体表与针织面料之间的微环境的温度处于舒适的范围，使得由针织面料制成的服装能够适用于环境的温度变化，适用性较高。
一种针织面料的制造方法，包括如下步骤：
1)坯布织造：将成团的纤维松解并进行除杂，然后通过加捻机加捻成纱线，再将纱线置于自动织机上进行针织织造，织成坯布；
2)清洗烘干：将坯布置于水洗机内进行清洗，同时添加非离子表面活性剂，清洗温度为50℃，持续30分钟，去除坯布上残留的杂质，然后置于烘箱内烘干待用；
3)溶胶制备：预先制备好三乙氧基硅烷，然后将乙醇加入反应釜内部进行搅拌，同时添加氨水，在60℃条件下搅拌30分钟后，再向反应釜内部添加正硅酸四乙脂，添加结束后继续搅拌40分钟，然后添加三乙氧基硅烷继续反应30分钟，制成光固化二氧化硅溶胶；
4)一次整理：将经过步骤3)制成的光固化二氧化硅溶胶通过浸扎的方法施加到经过步骤1)织成的坯布上；
5)二次整理：将乙醇加入反应釜内部，添加十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷拒水改性剂进行均匀搅拌，然后添加盐酸溶液，促进十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷拒水改性剂水解并制成水解液，然后将经过步骤4)处理后的坯布浸入水解液中，持续40分钟，取出烘干，最后通过紫外线光照30分钟，制成拒水层1；
6)调温层制备：预先制备好调温纱线，将调温纱线置于全自动剑杆织样机上进行织造，制成调温层2；
7)复合工序：将经过步骤5)制成的拒水层1和经过步骤6)制成的调温层2通过热熔胶复合在一起，制成针织面料；
8)烘干定型：将经过步骤7)制成的针织面料置于面料定型机内进行烘干定型，整理平整。
本发明采用坯布织造、清洗烘干、溶胶制备、一次整理、二次整理、调温层2制备、复合工序、烘干定型的制造方法流程，步骤简单有序，其中，采用一次整理和二次整理的两步法进行拒水整理，以正硅酸四乙脂、三乙氧基硅烷为前驱体，以氨水为催化剂制备光固化二氧化硅溶胶，然后通过坯布先浸扎光固化二氧化硅溶胶再浸渍十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷拒水改性剂的方式制备拒水层1，免去了烘焙的繁琐操作，通过紫外线光照直接赋予拒水层1极好的拒水性能，操作较为便捷简单，整理效果好，以调温功能纤维为原料，通过全自动剑杆织样机进行织造，制成调温层2，操作较为便捷简单。
其中，步骤3)中制备三乙氧基硅烷的具体步骤如下：
A)加料搅拌：在烧瓶内依次加入四正丁基溴化铵、叠氮化钠、氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷以及乙腈，通过磁力搅拌将其搅拌均匀；
B)充气反应：先通过真空泵抽取烧瓶内的空气，然后打开气阀通入氮气，重复三次，使得烧瓶内充满氮气，然后加热到60℃，连续反应18小时，反应过程中持续通入氮气；
C)后处理：反应结束后，通过过滤和旋蒸去除溶剂，制成三乙氧基硅烷。
本发明加料搅拌、充气反应、后处理的制备步骤流程，能够快速制备三乙氧基硅烷，制备效率高，从而有效提升了针织面料的生产效率。
其中，步骤6)中制备调温纱线的具体步骤如下：
a)熔融纺丝：将相变母粒和聚丙烯颗粒置于螺杆挤压机内部，使其共同在螺杆挤压机中熔融纺丝，制成丝束；
b)牵伸卷曲：对经过步骤a)纺出的丝束进行牵伸，牵伸时控制紧张热定型温度在80℃-110℃之间，牵伸后再通过卷曲机卷曲；
c)定型切断：将经过步骤b)卷曲后的丝束放入烘箱内，在保持加热温度的基础上进行松弛热定型，最后通过切断机切断，制成调温功能纤维；
d)加捻成型：将经过步骤c)制成的调温功能纤维与异形涤纶纤维和汉麻纤维加捻后制成调温纱线。
本发明采用熔融纺丝、牵伸卷曲、定型切断、加捻成型的制备步骤流程，能够快速制成调温纱线，调温纱线包括调温功能纤维，利用相变母粒随温度变化而改变相状态并以此自发吸放热的特性，使得调温层2具有自动调温的功能，当外界环境温度发生改变时，调温层2结构内的相变母粒通过自身的相状态转换以达到换热的目的。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种针织面料，其特征在于：包括拒水层(1)和调温层(2)，所述拒水层(1)通过坯布浸扎光固化二氧化硅溶胶和浸渍十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷拒水改性剂得到，所述调温层(2)由若干调温纱线织造而成，所述调温纱线包括线芯(3)及螺旋缠绕在线芯(3)外侧的包覆纱(4)，所述包覆纱(4)由若干调温功能纤维加捻而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种针织面料，其特征在于：所述光固化二氧化硅溶胶按重量份数计包括以下组分：
正硅酸四乙脂30-50份；
三乙氧基硅烷10-30份；
乙醇5-10份；
氨水1-3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种针织面料，其特征在于：所述线芯(3)包括芯纱(5)及螺旋缠绕在芯纱(5)外侧的绕线(6)，所述芯纱(5)由若干异形涤纶纤维加捻而成，所述异形涤纶纤维的截面为十字形。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种针织面料，其特征在于：所述绕线(6)由若干汉麻纤维加捻而成。
5.一种针织面料的制造方法，用于制造如权利要求1-4任意一项所述的针织面料，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
1)坯布织造：将成团的纤维松解并进行除杂，然后通过加捻机加捻成纱线，再将纱线置于自动织机上进行针织织造，织成坯布；
2)清洗烘干：将坯布置于水洗机内进行清洗，同时添加非离子表面活性剂，清洗温度为50℃，持续30分钟，去除坯布上残留的杂质，然后置于烘箱内烘干待用；
3)溶胶制备：预先制备好三乙氧基硅烷，然后将乙醇加入反应釜内部进行搅拌，同时添加氨水，在60℃条件下搅拌30分钟后，再向反应釜内部添加正硅酸四乙脂，添加结束后继续搅拌40分钟，然后添加三乙氧基硅烷继续反应30分钟，制成光固化二氧化硅溶胶；
4)一次整理：将经过步骤3)制成的光固化二氧化硅溶胶通过浸扎的方法施加到经过步骤1)织成的坯布上；
5)二次整理：将乙醇加入反应釜内部，添加十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷拒水改性剂进行均匀搅拌，然后添加盐酸溶液，促进十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷拒水改性剂水解并制成水解液，然后将经过步骤4)处理后的坯布浸入水解液中，持续40分钟，取出烘干，最后通过紫外线光照30分钟，制成拒水层(1)；
6)调温层制备：预先制备好调温纱线，将调温纱线置于全自动剑杆织样机上进行织造，制成调温层(2)；
7)复合工序：将经过步骤5)制成的拒水层(1)和经过步骤6)制成的调温层(2)通过热熔胶复合在一起，制成针织面料；
8)烘干定型：将经过步骤7)制成的针织面料置于面料定型机内进行烘干定型，整理平整。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种针织面料的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤3)中制备三乙氧基硅烷的具体步骤如下：
A)加料搅拌：在烧瓶内依次加入四正丁基溴化铵、叠氮化钠、氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷以及乙腈，通过磁力搅拌将其搅拌均匀；
B)充气反应：先通过真空泵抽取烧瓶内的空气，然后打开气阀通入氮气，重复三次，使得烧瓶内充满氮气，然后加热到60℃，连续反应18小时，反应过程中持续通入氮气；
C)后处理：反应结束后，通过过滤和旋蒸去除溶剂，制成三乙氧基硅烷。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种针织面料的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤6)中制备调温纱线的具体步骤如下：
a)熔融纺丝：将相变母粒和聚丙烯颗粒置于螺杆挤压机内部，使其共同在螺杆挤压机中熔融纺丝，制成丝束；
b)牵伸卷曲：对经过步骤a)纺出的丝束进行牵伸，牵伸时控制紧张热定型温度在80℃-110℃之间，牵伸后再通过卷曲机卷曲；
c)定型切断：将经过步骤b)卷曲后的丝束放入烘箱内，在保持加热温度的基础上进行松弛热定型，最后通过切断机切断，制成调温功能纤维；
d)加捻成型：将经过步骤c)制成的调温功能纤维与异形涤纶纤维和汉麻纤维加捻后制成调温纱线。
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