CN1171631C - 含香菇菌丝体提取物的γδT细胞免疫活性增强剂 - Google Patents
含香菇菌丝体提取物的γδT细胞免疫活性增强剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
含香菇菌丝体提取物的γδT细胞活性增强剂暨免疫活性剂,利用香菇菌丝体提取物能明显增强γδT细胞活性的作用将其用于治疗肿瘤或治疗和/或预防细菌感染或病毒感染。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及γδT细胞活性增强剂和含有香菇(Lentinus edodes)菌丝体提取物的免疫增强剂的开发和制备。
本发明还涉及含有香菇菌丝体提取物且具有γδT细胞活性增强作用以及由此产生的免疫增强作用的食品、饮料和饲料的开发和制备。
本发明还涉及含有香菇菌丝体提取物的抗肿瘤制剂、抗细菌感染的治疗剂及抗病毒感染的治疗剂的开发和制备。
现有技术
γδT细胞的特性
根据被称为T细胞受体(TCR)的细胞表面抗原的类型,动物血液中外周T细胞主要分为两组,一组为细胞表面含有TCRα及β链的αβT细胞,另一组为含有TCRγ及δ链的γδT细胞。γδT细胞作为细胞毒杀伤细胞在人体正常的外周血和淋巴组织中仅以大约10%的水平存在,其特性与αβT细胞明显不同。
在人体内,γδT细胞存在于肠道、皮肤及外周血等中,能引发局部免疫。目前为止,已经报道γδT细胞具有如针对癌细胞的细胞毒活性、抗细菌或病毒感染的保护活性等功能。
γδT细胞的防御活性
脾脏和其它器官中的一些γδT细胞对感染应答时产生象IL-4或IFN-α的细胞因子。已经表明在实验条件下,缺乏这些细胞时,对细菌感染的抗性降低。例如,有一例报道,用能暂时抑制γδT细胞功能的γδ型TCR抗体处理的小鼠或缺失TCRγ基因的小鼠对结核杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)感染的抗性降低(Ladel C等人,欧洲免疫学杂志(Eur J Immunol),1995,25:2877-2881)。另一例报道描述了在单核细胞增生利斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes)感染早期出现γδT细胞(Hiromatus K等人,实验医学杂志(J Exp Med),1992,175:49-56)。这些发现表明γδT细胞在防止细菌感染方面起重要作用。
也已报道慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染诱导肝脏和脾脏中γδT细胞的生长(Ozaki S等人,医学研究杂志(J Med Invest),1998,44:215-217);与正常小鼠相比,γδT细胞缺陷小鼠在感染早期,其体内痘苗病毒明增加(Welsh RM等人,免疫学评论(Immunol Rev),1997,159:79-93)。这些发现表明γδT细胞不仅作用于细菌感染并且还作用于病毒感染。
γδT细胞对癌细胞的细胞毒活性
γδT细胞是一族能特异靶向于并杀死自身癌细胞的T细胞,但对自身正常的淋巴细胞(比如αβT细胞)没有细胞毒性。在这方面,用活化的γδT细胞进行癌症治疗,不良反应的危险就很小。与γδT细胞相反,已知αβT细胞杀死自身淋巴细胞而不是自身癌细胞,所以用活化的αβT细胞进行癌症治疗就可能发生严重的不良反应。考虑到这点,用活化的γδT细胞进行癌症治疗是需要的。
另外,γδT细胞具有与NK细胞相似的特性,比如对癌细胞的非MHC限制的细胞毒性。γδT细胞在儿童外周血中大约为10%,但随年龄增长而降低,这表明随年龄的增长癌症发病率的升高可能与γδT细胞的降低有关。在鸡、绵羊、奶牛等的外周血中,发现γδT细胞的水平高达15-50%。这些动物中肿瘤的低发生率表明外周γδT细胞的存在可能极大地促进对癌症的抑制。
香菇的药理作用
香菇(Shiitake)为在日本和中国发现的常见的可食性蘑菇,在日本香菇的种植大约有300年的时间。蘑菇作为食物的部分包括繁殖体,又称为真菌子实体,能产生生殖孢子,而营养体包括菌丝,菌丝能产生延伸进象土壤或木头的生长介质的菌丝体。
很久以来人们便相信香菇对多种疾病和症状具有某些作用,但直到最近,它的一些药理作用才被阐明。报道了香菇菌丝体提取物的多种作用,包括抑制大肠和肝脏的肿瘤生成及移植性肿瘤细胞的生长、提高用大鼠和小鼠进行肿瘤生成实验中动物的存活率(N Sugano等人,肿瘤通讯(Cancer Letter),27:1,1985;Y Hibino等人,免疫药理学(Immunopharmacology),28:77,1994,等)、促进抗体生成和抑制ADCC(抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒作用)引起的免疫性肝细胞损伤(YMizoguchi等人,肝胆胰脏研究杂志(Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Study),15:127,1987)。
这些研究已作为一种“催化剂”,使得研究集中于香菇组分在医药领域中的药理作用。因此,研究者发现一些香菇组分可通过恢复人体的免疫功能用于治疗癌症或其它疾病,更进一步,这些组分也可以抑制癌症的发生。
在完成本发明的过程中,发明人欲进一步阐明一种香菇菌丝体提取物的药理作用,还要寻找提取物作为药物、食品、饮料、饲料等形式的新的应用。
本发明的目的之一是开发并提供一种含有香菇菌丝体提取物的作为如抗肿瘤制剂、抗细菌感染的治疗剂及抗病毒感染的治疗剂的γδT细胞活性增强剂及由此得到的免疫增强剂。
本发明的另一目的是应用含有香菇菌丝体提取物的γδT细胞活性增强剂或含有香菇菌丝体提取物的免疫增强剂来治疗受试者体内的肿瘤。
发明内容
作为意欲解决上述问题而进行的大量研究的结果,本发明是根据一种香菇菌丝体提取物具有明显增强γδT细胞活性的作用这一发现完成的。
据此,本发明已经开发并提供含香菇菌丝体提取物的可作为如抗肿瘤制剂或抗细菌感染的治疗剂及抗病毒感染的治疗剂的γδT细胞活性增强剂及由此得到的免疫增强剂。
本发明还提供了用香菇菌丝体提取物治疗肿瘤、细菌感染和病毒感染的方法。
本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂或免疫增强剂可以是一种包含香菇菌丝体提取物和任选地一种药学可接受的载体的药物组合物的形式。
本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂或免疫增强剂可以经注射或口服、粘膜、胃肠道或经皮方式给药。
本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂或免疫增强剂也可以为食品、饮料或饲料的形式。
附图简介
图1表明随着给予本发明的香菇菌丝体提取物,外周血中的γδT细胞的比例增高。
图2表明给予香菇菌丝体提取物前后γδT细胞的流式细胞分析结果。
图3表明随着给予本发明的香菇菌丝体提取物,外周血中的αβT细胞的比例降低。
发明的最优选实施方案
根据本发明,用于增强γδT细胞活性的香菇菌丝体提取物是指通过压碎和分解从在固体培养基培养的香菇生长出的菌丝体,或在水和酶的存在下含有香菇菌丝体的固体培养基而获得的一种提取物。
此处所用的香菇菌丝体提取物通过(但不限于)下列步骤优选获得。香菇菌种在以甘蔗渣和脱脂稻糠为主的固体培养基上孵育,然后含有菌丝体的固体培养基经去木质处理,以便按重量计30%或低于30%的培养物能通过12目筛。将去木质的固体培养基加入水和选自纤维素酶、蛋白酶或葡糖苷酶的一种或多种酶,该固体培养基维持在30-55℃,将该固体培养基在该酶存在下压碎研磨,以便至少70%(重量)的甘蔗渣纤维能通过12目筛。然后,将温度升至95℃以保证酶的灭活和消毒,获得的混悬液经过滤得到一种香菇菌丝体提取物。按上述步骤制备的香菇菌丝体提取物可直接用作本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂,但可方便地浓缩和冻干成粉末以储存和以多种形式应用。冻干品为棕色粉末,具吸湿特性,有特殊的味道和气味。
用下面实施例中描述的方法检测了香菇菌丝体提取物体内对γδT细胞活性的增强作用,从这些实施例中将看出它具有明显的体内γδT细胞活性增强作用。
本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂对治疗和/或预防这类肿瘤细胞诱发的肿瘤有效,其中γδT细胞对所述肿瘤细胞具细胞毒性。本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂的特征在于它们增强γδT细胞的活性,因而在活化的γδT细胞的作用下导致肿瘤细胞破坏,而不是对特定细胞有直接作用。因此,用本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂治疗的肿瘤细胞不仅可以为恶性肿瘤细胞,也可以是良性肿瘤细胞,并不限于特定肿瘤细胞。另外,包含香菇菌丝体提取物和任选地一种药学可接受的载体的γδT细胞活性增强剂可以治疗和预防组合物两种形式应用。
本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂也可作为对细菌或病毒感染的治疗和/或预防组合物应用。本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂旨在用于增强γδT细胞的活性,从而从病人体内除去感染的细菌或病毒,而不是直接作用于特定的细菌或病毒。可以用本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂治疗的细菌或病毒性疾病包括(但不限于)例如由分支杆菌属(Mycobacteriumspp.)的亚种、单核细胞增生利斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、肝炎病毒(A、B和C型)、人类免疫缺陷病毒、痘苗病毒等引起的疾病。
作为治疗和/或预防组成物形式的本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂优选经口服途径给予,但也可经静脉、腹腔、皮下、肌肉、鼻腔、透皮或其它途径给予。适于口服的剂型包括但不限于片剂、胶囊剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、溶液剂、糖浆剂等。适于鼻腔或透皮给药的剂型包括但不限于泥敷剂、膜片等。
药学可接受的载体包括但不限于本领域公知的合适的赋形剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、调味剂、着色剂、增溶剂、悬浮剂、包衣剂等。
依据本目的可任选的与本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂混合的药学可接受的载体包括但不限于本领域公知的赋形剂,例如乳糖、葡萄糖、淀粉和结晶纤维素;粘合剂,如淀粉、明胶、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;崩解剂,例如淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基淀粉;润滑剂,例如滑石、硬脂酸盐;包衣剂,例如蔗糖、滑石、明胶;和多种增白剂、调味剂、着色剂、矫正剂、增溶剂、稳定剂、悬浮剂、吸收促进剂等。作为注射用途,可以采用在本领域常用的多种稀释剂例如水或乙醇。
本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂的剂量由医生根据受试者的年龄、体重和病情、给药的途径及其它因素确定。因为本发明中γδT细胞活性增强剂包含的香菇菌丝体提取物高度安全,传统上作为一种食物成分摄取,因此,其剂量没有严格的限制。例如香菇菌丝体提取物给药剂量通常优选为每天(每天的总剂量为200-30000mg)数次(大约2-3次),每次剂量为100mg-10000mg;更优选的剂量为每天3次(每天总剂量为1500mg-15000mg),每次500mg-5000mg;最优选的剂量为每天3次(每天总剂量为3000mg-4500mg),每次1000mg-1500mg。它可以与其它抗肿瘤制剂联用。
本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂可以作为一种也适于治疗肿瘤的过继性免疫疗法的剂型提供。过继性免疫疗法是指向受试者输入敏化的细胞,即正常淋巴细胞,而杀死肿瘤细胞的一种抗肿瘤疗法。在本发明的实施例中,首先从受试者的外周血中分离到γδT细胞,分离的γδT细胞体外经本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂活化,然后活化的γδT细胞回输到受试者体内,因此,受试者体内的肿瘤细胞在活化的γδT细胞作用下而破坏。
本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂可以是香菇菌丝体提取物本身,或包括含有香菇菌丝体提取物和药学可接受的载体的一种γδT细胞活性增强剂的药用或兽用组合物。
本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂也可以食品的形式提供,优选的食品形式包括粉末、颗粒、糊剂、胶状物等。颗粒形式应添加糖(例如乳糖)来增加甜味。本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂也可以饮料的形式提供,这些食物或饮料除了香菇菌丝体提取物还可加入维生素、无机元素,例如钙、醇类、去味剂,例如多酚。这些食物包括特殊的健康食品、医用食品等种类。
本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂也可以饲料或饲料添加剂的形式提供,本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂可作为一种家畜的饲料或饲料添加剂,来治疗和/或预防家畜的肿瘤发生,或治疗和/或预防家畜的细菌或病毒感染。因此,目前应用的治疗剂例如抗生素的剂量就可以降低,从而降低饲养成本。另一优势是由于抗生素的给药可以缩短,动物运输时间可以延长。
体内γδT细胞活性增强作用实验按下列方法在人体中进行,起初受试者每天服用香菇菌丝体提取物粉末3.6g,连续7天(共25.2g),然后用流式细胞仪测定给药后外周血中γδT细胞的比例,与用药前的比例进行比较。
不应认为本发明的范围仅限于下面进一步解释本发明的实施例。本领域技术人员可以做多种改变和修改,这些改变和修改也包括在本发明的范围内。
实施例
实施例1:香菇菌丝体提取物的制备
含90份(重量)的蔗渣和10份(重量)稻糠的固体培养基浸于适量的纯水中,然后加入香菇菌种孵育,将其置于孵箱中,控制温度和湿度,使菌丝体生长。当菌丝体铺满固体培养基后,甘蔗渣去木质以便24%(重量)或少于24%(重量)的培养基可以通过12目筛。1.0千克去木质的培养基加入3.5升纯水和2.0克纯化的纤维素酶,维持培养基温度为40℃以制备含培养基的混合物。
然后,含有培养基的混合物用变速齿轮泵搅拌,固体培养基被齿轮压碎研磨大约200分钟,以便约80%(重量)的蔗渣通过12目筛,含固体培养基的混合物压碎研磨时,使该混合物的温度逐渐升高。然后,含培养基的混合物进一步加热至90℃,放置30分钟,加热至90℃能保证酶的灭活和消毒。获得的含培养基的混合物经60目纤维布过滤,得到香菇菌丝体溶液的一种提取物,将其浓缩冻干得到一种香菇菌丝体提取物粉末。
按上述方法制备的香菇菌丝体提取物经硫酸-苯酚法测定含有25.3%(w/w)的碳水化合物,用Lowry法测定含有19.7%(w/w)的蛋白质,以没食子酸为标准品用Folin-Denis法测定含有2.6%(w/w)的多酚,香菇菌丝体还含有8%的粗脂、22%的粗灰分和大约20%的可溶性无氮非碳水化合物。
香菇菌丝体提取物含有下列糖的成分(%):木糖(Xyl)15.2、阿拉伯糖(Ara)8.2、甘露糖(Man)8.4、古洛糖(Gul)39.4、半乳糖(Gal)5.4、N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(GlcN)12.0、葡糖醛酸(GluUA)11.3。
实施例2:香菇菌丝体提取物体内γδT细胞活性增强试验
三名受试者(受试者A-C)每天口服香菇菌丝体提取物粉剂3.6g,连续7天(共25.2g)。在给予香菇菌丝体提取物的时期以后,收集受试者的外周血用流式细胞仪测定给药后收集的外周血中γδT细胞的比例,与给药前收集的外周血中的比例相比较,结果见图1和图2。
在所有三个受试者中,给予香菇菌丝体提取物后外周血中γδT细胞的比例与给药前相比,平均升高了40%或更多。
表1给药后外周血中γδT细胞比例的升高值
受试者A 受试者B 受试者C 平均值±标准平均偏差
升高值 124.39% 146.15% 150.00% 140.18%±7.97%
给药前后从同一受试者收集的外周血用其它标志物而非γδT细胞进行了试验,结果表明,香菇菌丝体提取物对αβT细胞没有增殖活性,αβT细胞的平均比例降低(图3)。
工业适用性
发现本发明中含香菇菌丝体提取物的γδT细胞活性增强剂实际上是活化γδT细胞,因为它们能通过诱导γδT细胞对肿瘤细胞、抗菌活性和抗病毒活性的细胞毒性,从而具有保护活体的抗肿瘤、细菌感染和病毒感染的作用,所以本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂可用于预防或治疗肿瘤、细菌感染及病毒感染。而且,因为它们可安全使用而没有不良反应,本发明的γδT细胞活性增强剂适于广泛的工业应用。
它们还用于细菌和/病毒感染的家畜以降低目前应用的治疗剂例如抗生素的用量,从而降低饲养成本。它们还具有这一优点,即因为不用抗生素,而使装运时的拖延时间缩短。
Claims (14)
1.香菇菌丝体提取物用于制备增强γδT细胞活性的组合物的用途。
2.权利要求1的用途,其中组合物口服给药。
3.权利要求1的用途,其中组合物以食品形式使用。
4.权利要求1的用途,其中组合物以饮料形式使用。
5.权利要求1的用途,其中组合物以饲料形式使用。
6.权利要求1的用途,其中组合物用于注射或经皮吸收。
7.权利要求1的用途,其中组合物用于体外活化从受试者收集的γδT细胞。
8.权利要求1-7中任一项的用途,其中所述组合物用于治疗肿瘤。
9.权利要求1-7中任一项的用途,其中所述组合物用于预防或治疗细菌感染或病毒感染。
10.香茹菌丝体提取物与药学可接受的载体一起用于制备增强γδT活性的药用或兽用制剂的用途。
11.权利要求10的用途,其中所述制剂用于口服给药。
12.权利要求10的用途,其中所述制剂用于注射或经皮吸收。
13.权利要求10-12任一项的用途,其中所述制剂用于治疗肿瘤。
14.权利要求10-12任一项的用途,其中所述制剂用于预防或治疗细菌感染或病毒感染。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10337822A JP2000157203A (ja) | 1998-11-27 | 1998-11-27 | シイタケ菌糸体抽出物を含むγδT細胞免疫活性増強剤 |
JP337822/1998 | 1998-11-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1332634A CN1332634A (zh) | 2002-01-23 |
CN1171631C true CN1171631C (zh) | 2004-10-20 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB998151882A Expired - Fee Related CN1171631C (zh) | 1998-11-27 | 1999-11-26 | 含香菇菌丝体提取物的γδT细胞免疫活性增强剂 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2000157203A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20010089497A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1171631C (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2352459A1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2359562B (zh) |
HK (2) | HK1040913A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI245636B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2000032213A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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NO20014256D0 (no) | 2001-09-03 | 2001-09-03 | Bjoern Kristiansen | Fremstilling av immunstimulerende forbindelse |
JP2006273835A (ja) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-10-12 | Michishi Tani | 悪性腫瘍治療剤及びそれを含む飲食品 |
JP4681363B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-04 | 2011-05-11 | 美智士 谷 | 悪性腫瘍治療剤及びそれを含む飲食品 |
US9072776B2 (en) | 2005-06-15 | 2015-07-07 | Glycanova As | Anti-cancer combination treatment and kit-of-parts |
JP5756270B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-29 | 2015-07-29 | 小林製薬株式会社 | がんペプチドワクチン療法効果向上剤 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH0751511B2 (ja) * | 1982-03-15 | 1995-06-05 | 味の素株式会社 | インターロイキン2を含有してなる癌治療剤 |
GB9405846D0 (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1994-05-11 | Misevic Gradimir | Organic compounds |
JP2002270532A (ja) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-20 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | 加熱装置及び熱処理装置 |
-
1998
- 1998-11-27 JP JP10337822A patent/JP2000157203A/ja active Pending
-
1999
- 1999-11-26 GB GB0113001A patent/GB2359562B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-26 CN CNB998151882A patent/CN1171631C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-26 KR KR1020017006474A patent/KR20010089497A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-11-26 TW TW093100696A patent/TWI245636B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-11-26 CA CA002352459A patent/CA2352459A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-11-26 WO PCT/JP1999/006617 patent/WO2000032213A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-02-27 HK HK02101523.2A patent/HK1040913A1/zh unknown
- 2002-06-08 HK HK02104332.7A patent/HK1042652B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2352459A1 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
JP2000157203A (ja) | 2000-06-13 |
KR20010089497A (ko) | 2001-10-06 |
HK1042652B (zh) | 2005-03-18 |
GB2359562A (en) | 2001-08-29 |
TWI245636B (en) | 2005-12-21 |
GB0113001D0 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
HK1040913A1 (zh) | 2002-06-28 |
CN1332634A (zh) | 2002-01-23 |
TW200412989A (en) | 2004-08-01 |
GB2359562B (en) | 2004-04-28 |
HK1042652A1 (en) | 2002-08-23 |
WO2000032213A1 (fr) | 2000-06-08 |
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