CN117147830B - 一种特异性真菌d-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液 - Google Patents
一种特异性真菌d-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种特异性真菌D‑葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,属于生物医学诊断技术领域,包括以下步骤:制备(1,3)‑β‑D‑葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体,随后与量子点偶联结合,得到示踪剂;将软化剂加入无菌去离子水中,在室温下以30rpm速率搅拌直至完全溶解,随后加入复合渗透剂、氯化钠和保湿剂,搅拌至无分层现象,随后将体系冷却至室温,加入示踪剂,混合均匀。利用PA对真菌膜结构具有良好的亲和力,其小头基、负电荷和磷酸单酯基团的特点赋予其调节和稳定化合物与蛋白质的特异性相互作用的能力。通过搭配海藻糖、甘露醇促渗透剂成分改变膜磷脂不饱和度改变真菌膜对pH变化的适应,从而增加对不同种真菌的染色效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学诊断技术领域,具体为一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液。
背景技术
真菌病泛指致病真菌感染动物或人类导致的传染病。真菌病在生活中较为常见,通过透过吸入性或在皮肤上着生的方式即可感染,且许多环境或生理条件都会为真菌感染创造了有利的条件,因此在皮肤和肺部常见真菌病。有些真菌病只影响皮肤、毛发等体表部位,不造成严重健康问题,有些则可以造成严重的全身性感染,如隐球菌病、组织胞浆菌病、肺囊虫肺炎、曲霉病和毛霉菌病等。其中,在皮肤浅表感染大多会造成皮疹,在皮肤内或皮下的真菌感染可能造成肿块和皮肤变化,而更深层次或全身性感染则可能会出现肺炎样症状或脑膜炎。
由此,关于真菌病的识别和诊断是具有实际意义的。当真菌感染存在却不能识别(假阴性测试结果),就会导致治疗延迟和预后较差。对感染的错误诊断(假阳性结果)可能会导致资源浪费和不必要的检查治疗。现阶段,真菌病的诊断通常基于体征和症状、显微镜检查、培养,有时需要活检和医学成像的帮助。
荧光染色法是识别和诊断的技术之一,通过使用特殊的荧光剂,与真菌细胞壁的多糖物质相结合,如纤维素、(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖等,在荧光显微镜的紫外激发光下使其呈现荧光。利用直接镜检的基本操作方法,通过分析观察到的染色后的真菌,能够对真菌和寄生虫感染导致的各种疾病,做出快速、准确的实验室检测,是一种介于传统检验方法中直接镜检法和生化检测法两者之间的检测方法。真菌很难使用荧光显微镜进行可视化,因为它们的细胞壁代表扩散屏障,并且与其他生物体可用的分子探针相比,可用的合成有机染料非常有限。此外,这些染料通常只有一种颜色,从而防止了共染实验。将其发射颜色从蓝色调整为绿色荧光,以满足共染色的需要。且传统的荧光染色液存在的问题依然很多,部分染液还存在染色效果差,出现结晶、分层现象,贮存稳定性差,生产成本高等问题。
还有一些染料需要将染料配方中不同成分分开配置,单独储存,步骤繁琐。此外,部分真菌膜层中含有特殊的脂质,四醚脂质,其醚键耐酸水解,这些脂质有助于降低膜对质子的渗透性,使得染色效果变差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,以解决背景技术中提出的问题。利用噬菌体展示技术,筛选一株(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性的纳米抗体,再将得到的抗体与量子点偶联以制备示踪剂,随后以海藻糖、甘露醇、二甲基亚砜和炔丙醇复配做渗透剂,以水杨酸做软化剂,甘油做保湿剂,配置荧光染色液。利用炔丙醇对真菌膜结构具有良好的亲和力,其小头基、负电荷和磷酸单酯基团的特点赋予其调节和稳定化合物与蛋白质的特异性相互作用的能力。通过搭配海藻糖、甘露醇促渗透剂成分改变膜磷脂不饱和度改变真菌膜对pH变化的适应,从而增加对不同种真菌的染色效果。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,包括以下制备步骤:
(1)制备(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体;
(2)将(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体与量子点偶联结合,得到示踪剂;
(3)将软化剂加入无菌去离子水中,在室温下以30rpm速率搅拌直至完全溶解,得到软化剂溶液,随后向溶液中加入复合渗透剂、氯化钠和保湿剂,继续在室温下搅拌至无分层现象,随后将体系冷却至室温,逐滴加入示踪剂,混合均匀,即得一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液;
其中量子点为羧基水溶性量子点,包括ZnCdSe、ZnS、CdTe、CdS、CdTe、ZnSe、Ag2S和Ag2Te中的至少一种。
进一步地,制备(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体的具体步骤为:
A1、使用过碘酸盐氧化法和DMTMM试剂法对(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖进行BSA修饰,随后与弗氏佐剂混合,将混合试剂对新疆单峰驼进行皮下多点注射进行免疫;
A2、采集免疫后新疆单峰驼的外周血,并提取淋巴细胞中的总和RNA,随后逆转录成cDNA,通过两步PCR扩增,获得重链抗体可变区基因片段;
A3、使用限制性内切酶PstI、NotI将重链抗体可变区基因片段连入噬菌体展示载体pMECS,电激法将连接产物转化至感受态细胞TG1中,构建纳米抗体噬菌体展示文库;
A4、通过噬菌体展示技术筛选(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体,对筛选到的纳米抗体进行测序鉴定,即得(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体。
进一步地,所述(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性的纳米抗体具有以下氨基酸序列:
ESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSNYDMTWIRQAPGKGLEWVSGIKSGGSPTYYTDSVKGRFTISRDDAKSTLDLQMNSLKTEDTAVYYCARVDRGKSINDSLRGQGTQVTVSS
所述(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性的纳米抗体具有以下核酸序列:
GAGTCTGGAGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAGACTCTCCTGTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACATTCAGTAACTACGACATGACCTGGATCCGCCAGGCTCCAGGAAAGGGGCTCGAGTGGGTCTCAGGTATTAAGAGTGGTGGTAGTCCGACATATTATACAGACTCCGTGAAGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACGACGCCAAGAGCACACTTGATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGAAAACTGAGGACACTGCCGTGTATTACTGCGCCAGAGTCGACCGTGGTAAATCGATAAACGACTCCCTCCGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCTCA
进一步地,所述示踪剂由以下步骤制得:
B1、将1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺加入无菌去离子水中,在室温下以30rpm速率搅拌至均匀,得到缓冲液;随后将量子点加入体系中,在室温下搅拌均匀后加入1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺溶液,调节体系pH值在5-6,反应12小时后,调节体系pH至7,终止反应,得到功能化量子点;
B2、将功能化的量子点加入异丙醇中,搅拌后向体系中通入惰性气体,随后加入K2CO3,搅拌30分钟后将荧光改色剂加入体系中,并将体系升温至80℃,搅拌,反应48小时后,旋转蒸发直至体积变为原来的1/3,收集产物并分散于25mL异丙醇中,搅拌均匀后,过滤,收集滤液,得到改色量子点;
B3、向改色量子点中加入0.2M硼酸盐缓冲液,在室温下搅拌至均匀后将1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺溶液加入体系中,室温下避光搅拌30分钟,随后加入(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体,以30rpm速率继续搅拌2小时,得到量子点标记的纳米抗体;
B4、将量子点标记的纳米抗体转移至50kDa透析袋中进行透析,透析液为1×PBS缓冲液,透析结束后转移至离心管中使用1×PBS缓冲液定量至1mg,即得到示踪剂。
上述反应过程中,通过使用1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺交联方法,使用1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇在量子点上引入羟基和氨基,随后使用荧光改色剂,对量子点进行修饰。功能化后的量子点含有氨基、羧基和羟基活性基团,可以与4-硝基氯苄、对氯甲基苯乙烯等改色剂上的Br、Cl等基团结合。利用1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺交联剂可以使量子点上修饰的羧基与抗体上的氨基通过缩合作用进行偶联标记,制备示踪剂。
进一步地,混合试剂的单次注射用量为0.3-0.8mg,免疫次数为5-10次,免疫间隔为2周。
进一步地,量子点和(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体的体积质量比为(10-100)μL:(0.5-2)mg。
进一步地,所述荧光改色剂为4-硝基氯苄、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺、对氯甲基苯乙烯中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述复合渗透剂包括海藻糖、甘露醇、二甲基亚砜和炔丙醇。
进一步地,所述软化剂为水杨酸,保湿剂为甘油。
进一步地,以重量百分比计算,包括:示踪剂0.0001-0.002%,渗透剂1-10%,软化剂1-10%,保湿剂5-15%,其余为无菌去离子水。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明技术方案中,采用(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性的纳米抗体偶联量子点作为示踪剂制备的荧光染色液,操作简单,一步法快速染色,示踪剂中的(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性的纳米抗体与真菌细胞壁中的葡聚糖产生特异性的结合,所偶联的量子点在荧光显微镜下吸收紫外光,使菌丝及孢子发出明亮的蓝绿色荧光,在荧光显微镜下真菌轮廓清晰可见,操作简单,节约检测时间,灵敏度高,特异性强,具有良好的应用前景;
(2)本发明技术方案中,通过使用1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺交联方法,使用1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇在量子点上引入羟基和氨基,减小了量子点的尺寸,并增加了其荧光强度和在酸碱环境下的稳定性,降低了量子点与细菌膜或蛋白质的特异性结合。随后使用荧光改色剂,对量子点进行修饰。功能化后的量子点含有氨基、羧基和羟基活性基团,可以与4-硝基氯苄、对氯甲基苯乙烯等改色剂上的Br、Cl等基团结合,使得量子点的最大发射波长发生改变,从而发出不同颜色的荧光;
(3)本发明技术方案中,创造性的使用纳米抗体和改色量子点的组合作为示踪剂,其中纳米抗体分子量小,亲和力高,特异性强,组织穿透力强,并且在常温和酸碱环境下异常稳定,所参与制备的真菌染色液可常温存储运输,且真菌识别特异性强,抗干扰强;量子点和传统的荧光素相比,具有更强的荧光强度,能显著提高检测的灵敏度,并且改变了传统化学染料的只发蓝光,不能共染的缺陷;
(4)本发明技术方案中,磷酸酯是真菌膜中的组成部分,在不同的菌属中含量不同,对真菌膜结构具有良好的亲和力,其负电荷和磷酸单酯基团的特点赋予其调节和稳定化合物与蛋白质的特异性相互作用的能力。通过搭配海藻糖、甘露醇促渗透剂成分改变膜磷脂不饱和度改变真菌膜对pH变化的适应,从而增加对不同种真菌的染色效果。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例和对比例中所用试剂均为试剂级,1×PBS缓冲液由金克隆(北京)生物技术有限公司提供,pH值为7.4,弗氏佐剂由西安齐岳生物科技有限公司提供。
实施例1、(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体由以下步骤制得:
A1、使用过碘酸盐氧化法和DMTMM试剂法对(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖进行BSA修饰,随后与弗氏佐剂混合,将混合试剂对新疆单峰驼进行皮下多点注射进行免疫,混合试剂的单次注射用量为0.3mg,免疫次数为5次,免疫间隔为2周;
A2、采集免疫后新疆单峰驼的外周血,并提取淋巴细胞中的总和 RNA,随后逆转录成
cRNA,通过两步 PCR 扩增,第一轮 PCR 以 cDNA 为模板;
上游引物为:GTCCTGGCTGCTCTTCTACAAGGC;
下游引物为:GGTACGTGCTGTTGAACTGTTCC;
第二轮 PCR 以第一轮 PCR 产物作模板;
上游引物为:GATGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGAGG;
下游引物为:GGACTAGTGCGGCCGCTGGAGACGGTGACCTGGGT;
获得重链抗体可变区基因片段;
A3、使用限制性内切酶PstI、NotI将重链抗体可变区基因片段连入噬菌体展示载体pMECS,电激法将连接产物转化至感受态细胞TG1中,构建纳米抗体噬菌体展示文库;
A4、通过噬菌体展示技术筛选(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体,对筛选到的纳米抗体进行测序鉴定,即得(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体。
实施例2、本实施例与实施例1的区别在于,A1步骤中,混合试剂的单次注射用量为0.5mg,免疫次数为7次。
实施例3、本实施例与实施例1的区别在于,A1步骤中,混合试剂的单次注射用量为0.8mg,免疫次数为10次。
实施例4、示踪剂由以下步骤制得:
B1、将0.5mg 1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺加入1mL无菌去离子水中,在室温下以30rpm速率搅拌至均匀,得到缓冲液;随后将10μL量子点加入体系中,在室温下搅拌均匀后加入1μL 1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇、0.5mL N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺溶液,调节体系pH值在5,反应12小时后,调节体系pH至7,终止反应,得到功能化量子点;
B2、将功能化的量子点加入3mL异丙醇中,搅拌后向体系中通入N2气体,随后加入0.3mmol K2CO3,搅拌30分钟后将荧光改色剂加入体系中,并将体系升温至80℃,搅拌,反应48小时后,旋转蒸发直至体积变为原来的1/3,收集产物并分散于25mL异丙醇中,搅拌均匀后,过滤,收集滤液,得到改色量子点;
B3、向改色量子点中加入0.1mL 0.2M硼酸盐缓冲液,在室温下搅拌至均匀后将7.5mL 1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺溶液加入体系中,在室温下避光搅拌30分钟,随后加入0.75mg (1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体,以30rpm速率继续搅拌2小时,得到量子点标记的纳米抗体;
B4、将量子点标记的纳米抗体转移至50kDa透析袋中进行透析,透析液为1×PBS缓冲液,透析结束后转移至离心管中使用1×PBS缓冲液定量至1mg。
实施例5、本实施例与实施例4的区别在于,步骤B1中,量子点的使用量为75μL;步骤B3中,(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体的使用量为0.9mg。
实施例6、本实施例与实施例4的区别在于,步骤B1中,量子点的使用量为90μL;步骤B3中,(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体的使用量为1.1mg。
实施例7、一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,包括以下制备步骤:
S1、在无菌环境下,将海藻糖、二甲基亚砜、甘露醇和炔丙醇以5:1:1:3的质量比混合,得到复合渗透剂;
S2、将1g水杨酸软化剂加入100mL无菌去离子水中,在室温下以30rpm速率搅拌直至完全溶解,得到软化剂溶液,随后向溶液中加入10mL复合渗透剂、5g氯化钠和5g甘油保湿剂,继续在室温下搅拌至无分层现象,随后将体系冷却至室温,逐滴加入0.0001g实施例4中制备的示踪剂,混合均匀,即得一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液。
实施例8、本实施例与实施例7的区别在于,S1步骤中,复合渗透剂由海藻糖、二甲基亚砜、甘露醇和炔丙醇以7:1:1:4的质量比混合得到的;S2步骤中,水杨酸软化剂用量为4g,甘油保湿剂用量为10g,示踪剂是实施例5中制备的,用量为0.001g。
实施例9、本实施例与实施例7的区别在于,S1步骤中,复合渗透剂由海藻糖、二甲基亚砜、甘露醇和炔丙醇以10:1:1:5的质量比混合得到的;S2步骤中,水杨酸软化剂用量为10g,甘油保湿剂用量为15g,示踪剂是实施例5中制备的,用量为0.002g。
对比例1
本对比例为市售胶体金免疫层析试剂盒。
现在对实施例7-9和对比例1中的检测试剂进行检测效果测试,取阴道分泌物真菌阳性样本于载玻片中央,滴1mL实施例7-9中制备的真菌荧光染色液于样本上,并使其全部淹没样本,盖上盖玻片,再轻压盖玻片排出样本四周多余气泡,多余的染色液用滤纸吸掉,用手指轻轻按压盖玻片,使样本平铺于载玻片上。将载玻片固定在生物显微镜的载物台上,在340-380nm的紫外光下能看到染色真菌的蓝绿色荧光;从医院获取已经有传统荧光染色法镜检结果的阴道分泌物样本,同时进行“金标准”真菌培养法从医院获取100例已经有传统荧光染色法镜检结果的阴道分泌物样本,进行“金标准”真菌培养法检测。测试结果如下表所示。
表1实施例7-9和对比例1中的检测试剂检测结果
。
表2实施例7-9和对比例1中的检测试剂检测效果测试
。
由表结果可知,实施例8中制备的荧光染色试剂具有最高的准确率,且三个实施例中准确率都高于传统胶体金检测方法。以上数据表明本发明中真菌染色试剂在灵敏度、特异性、准确率均优于传统的荧光染色法。
在说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
Claims (9)
1.一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体;
(2)将(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体与量子点偶联结合,得到示踪剂;
(3)将软化剂加入无菌去离子水中,在室温下以30rpm速率搅拌直至完全溶解,得到软化剂溶液,随后向溶液中加入复合渗透剂、氯化钠和保湿剂,继续在室温下搅拌至无分层现象,随后将体系冷却至室温,逐滴加入示踪剂,混合均匀,即得一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液;
其中量子点为羧基水溶性量子点,包括ZnCdSe、ZnS、CdTe、CdS、CdTe、ZnSe、Ag2S和Ag2Te中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,其特征在于,制备(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体的具体步骤为:
A1、使用过碘酸盐氧化法和DMTMM试剂法对(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖进行BSA修饰,随后与弗氏佐剂混合,将混合试剂对新疆单峰驼进行皮下多点注射进行免疫;
A2、采集免疫后新疆单峰驼的外周血,并提取淋巴细胞中的总和RNA,随后逆转录成cDNA,通过两步PCR扩增,获得重链抗体可变区基因片段;
A3、使用限制性内切酶PstI、NotI将重链抗体可变区基因片段连入噬菌体展示载体pMECS,电激法将连接产物转化至感受态细胞TG1中,构建纳米抗体噬菌体展示文库;
A4、通过噬菌体展示技术筛选(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体,对筛选到的纳米抗体进行测序鉴定,即得(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,其特征在于,混合试剂的单次注射用量为0.3-0.8mg,免疫次数为5-10次,免疫间隔为2周。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,其特征在于,所述示踪剂由以下步骤制得:
B1、将1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺加入无菌去离子水中,在室温下以30rpm速率搅拌至均匀,得到缓冲液;随后将量子点加入体系中,在室温下搅拌均匀后加入1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺溶液,调节体系pH值在5-6,反应12小时后,调节体系pH至7,终止反应,得到功能化量子点;
B2、将功能化的量子点加入异丙醇中,搅拌后向体系中通入惰性气体,随后加入K2CO3,搅拌30分钟后将荧光改色剂加入体系中,并将体系升温至80℃,搅拌,反应48小时后,旋转蒸发直至体积变为原来的1/3,收集产物并分散于25mL异丙醇中,搅拌均匀后,过滤,收集滤液,得到改色量子点;
B3、向改色量子点中加入0.2M硼酸盐缓冲液,在室温下搅拌至均匀后将1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺溶液加入体系中,室温下避光搅拌30分钟,随后加入(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体,以30rpm速率继续搅拌2小时,得到量子点标记的纳米抗体;
B4、将量子点标记的纳米抗体转移至50kDa透析袋中进行透析,透析液为1×PBS缓冲液,透析结束后转移至离心管中使用1×PBS缓冲液定量至1mg,即得到示踪剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,其特征在于,所述荧光改色剂为4-硝基氯苄、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺、对氯甲基苯乙烯中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,其特征在于,量子点和(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖特异性纳米抗体的体积质量比为(10-100)μL:(0.5-2)mg。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,其特征在于,所述复合渗透剂包括海藻糖、甘露醇、二甲基亚砜和炔丙醇。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,其特征在于,所述软化剂为水杨酸,保湿剂为甘油。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种特异性真菌D-葡聚糖检测荧光染色液,其特征在于,以重量百分比计算,包括:示踪剂0.0001-0.002%,渗透剂1-10%,软化剂1-10%,保湿剂5-15%,其余为无菌去离子水。
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