CN116897753B - Tree planting and forestation method in desert area - Google Patents
Tree planting and forestation method in desert area Download PDFInfo
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- CN116897753B CN116897753B CN202310844943.1A CN202310844943A CN116897753B CN 116897753 B CN116897753 B CN 116897753B CN 202310844943 A CN202310844943 A CN 202310844943A CN 116897753 B CN116897753 B CN 116897753B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 240
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 111
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- KETQAJRQOHHATG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-naphthoquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(=O)C=CC2=C1 KETQAJRQOHHATG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940105324 1,2-naphthoquinone Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 N, N-methylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001278112 Populus euphratica Species 0.000 claims description 9
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 241000223025 Caragana microphylla Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/18—Semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. foams or gels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/45—Form not covered by groups C05G5/10 - C05G5/18, C05G5/20 - C05G5/27, C05G5/30 - C05G5/38 or C05G5/40, e.g. soluble or permeable packaging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Microbiology (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forestation in a desert area, which belongs to the technical field of forestation, and comprises the following steps: (1) Determining a field planting point, removing stones in the field planting point, ditching, and digging tree pits in the ditches; (2) Placing a water-absorbing water-releasing gel concave cake in a tree pit, covering a layer of sandy soil, vertically placing tree seedlings in the pit, backfilling sandy soil in the tree pit to 2/3 of the pit, then continuously backfilling sandy soil after watering, compacting the pit after filling to fix the tree seedlings, periodically managing and protecting, providing water for the tree seedlings by preparing the water-releasing gel concave cake, improving the survival rate of the tree seedlings, decomposing the water-releasing gel concave cake in the later stage to expose an internal cow dung straw fermentation fertilizer, providing nutrients for the surviving tree seedlings, better promoting the growth of the tree seedlings, solving the problems of high labor cost, great waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources in the later stage of manual watering and topdressing, and having good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tree planting and forestation, in particular to a tree planting and forestation method in a desert area.
Background
In the 21 st century, ecological environment protection has become the focus of attention of the whole society, and sand and dust weather in northern areas of China is suddenly increased, and more particularly, desert control work is brought to a new height. The formation factor of the desert is extremely complex, the development of the natural environment is self-developed, the damage of human activities to the original ecological system is also caused, especially in northwest regions of China, the water resources are deficient, the annual average precipitation is little, favorable conditions are provided for the expansion of the desert, and the living environment of human beings is greatly threatened. In addition, the development of the desert can also cause serious weather disasters, and the source of the frequent sand and dust weather in the eastern region of China is mainly the northwest desert area. In this regard, a great deal of manpower and material resources are input in desert areas in China each year, tree planting work is widely carried out, the development situation of continuous expansion of desertification is restrained, even a few areas realize historical progress of sand returning, but many desert areas in China need to be treated, and tree planting work needs to be carried out deeply.
The precipitation amount in the desert area is small, the water resource is deficient, the seedlings are easy to die after being planted, the survival rate is reduced, and therefore the seedlings need to be watered for many times after being planted, so that the survival of the seedlings is ensured. Because the area is too large, a long time is needed for completing one-time watering in tens of thousands of mu of areas, the later-period manual watering cost is too high, and great waste is caused to manpower, material resources and financial resources. In the prior art, a small hole is punched at the bottom of the plastic bag to be placed beside a tree, water is continuously discharged through the small hole of the plastic bag to be supplied to the tree seedlings so as to ensure survival of the tree seedlings, and the method can continuously provide water for the tree, but can cause great plastic pollution. Therefore, the invention aims to find a tree planting and forestation method in the desert area, which can ensure the water supply of the tree seedlings, improve the survival rate of the tree seedlings, reduce the watering cost and save manpower, material resources and financial resources.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the tree planting method in the desert area, which can improve the survival rate of tree planting in the desert, reduce the watering cost, greatly save manpower, material resources and financial resources and avoid polluting the environment.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
a method for forestation in a desert area, the method comprising the following steps:
(1) Determining a field planting point, removing stones in the field planting point, ditching, wherein the depth of the ditches is 0.3-0.5m, the spacing is 2-7m, and digging tree pits with the depth of 0.4-1m and the diameter of 0.5-1m in the ditches;
(2) Placing a water-absorbing water-releasing gel concave cake in a tree pit, covering a layer of sand, vertically placing tree seedlings in the pit, backfilling sand in the tree pit to 2/3 of the pit, watering, continuously backfilling the sand, filling the pit, and compacting to fix the tree seedlings for regular management and protection.
Further, the hydrogel-releasing cookie comprises the following raw materials:
cow dung, straw, starch, acrylic acid, 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution, 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, 1, 2-naphthoquinone, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and calcium chloride.
Further, the preparation method of the hydrogel-releasing concave cake comprises the following steps:
A. adding water with 15-30 times of the mass of the starch into the starch, heating to 75-85 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 40-60min to obtain pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding acrylic acid, 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, putting into hot water with the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and heating for 2-3h to obtain gel, and equally dividing into three parts for standby;
B. cow dung and straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing the materials in proportion to obtain a fermentation raw material, adding an EM microbial inoculum into the fermentation raw material, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 6-8 days to obtain a semi-fermented fertilizer, and building the semi-fermented fertilizer into a concave semi-fermented fertilizer;
C. taking two parts of gel prepared in the step A, adding 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, then placing into a homogenizer for homogenization to obtain inner gel, uniformly coating the inner gel on the surface of the concave semi-fermented fertilizer, and drying until the water content of the gel is 8-12%, thus obtaining a semi-coated release hydrogel concave cake;
D. and C, taking one part of gel prepared in the step A, adding calcium chloride, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain outer gel, uniformly coating the outer gel on the surface of the semi-coated hydrogel concave cake, and drying until the moisture content of the outer gel is 8-12%, thus obtaining the hydrogel concave cake.
And (3) mixing and fermenting cow dung and straw for 2-3 days to obtain a semi-fermented fertilizer, and then preparing the semi-fermented fertilizer, the inner gel and the outer gel release gel concave cakes from inside to outside together with the gels after different treatments. Adding the water-absorbed water-release gel concave cake into a tree pit, planting trees, continuously fermenting the semi-fermented fertilizer in the concave cake at the moment, releasing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas, effectively adsorbing the released hydrogen sulfide by the 1, 2-naphthoquinone in the inner gel, trapping the hydrogen sulfide in the inner gel, reacting the trapped hydrogen sulfide with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane in the inner gel to generate hydrophobic ester substances, reducing the water absorption of the inner gel, and releasing the water in the water-absorbed inner gel to the outer gel and further releasing the water to the outside to continuously provide water for tree seedlings. Along with the growth of sapling, the water demand is continuously increased, the semi-fermentation fertilizer is continuously fermented, and the content of hydrogen sulfide retained by the inner layer gel is continuously increased, so that the quantity of the generated hydrophobic esters is continuously increased, the inner layer gel is accelerated to release water, more water is continuously provided for the sapling, the water demand of the growth initial stage of the sapling is met, and the survival rate of the sapling is further improved.
However, in the process of continuously fermenting the semi-fermented fertilizer, the temperature is increased, so that seedlings are easy to burn, and calcium chloride is added into the outer gel, ammonia gas generated by continuously fermenting the semi-fermented fertilizer enters the outer gel and reacts with the calcium chloride to absorb heat, so that the temperature is reduced, and the seedlings are prevented from being burnt due to overhigh temperature. The seedling planting initial stage does not need to be fertilized, only needs to ensure sufficient moisture, but needs to be fertilized after the seedling becomes alive so as to promote the growth of the survival seedling, and after the gel of the outer layer is degraded in the later stage, the semi-fermentation fertilizer is fermented and exposed to provide nutrients for the seedling, so that the better growth of the tree is promoted, the cost of later-stage manual watering is effectively reduced, the cost of later-stage manual topdressing is also reduced, and the problems of high later-stage watering and topdressing manual operation cost of the desert planting seedling, and great waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources are solved.
Further, the mass ratio of the starch solution, the acrylic acid, the 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and the 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution in the step A is (16-31): (6-11): (0.5-0.6): (1.1-1.5).
Further, in the step C, the mass ratio of gel, 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane in the inner layer gel is (15-28): (0.5-1): (0.6-1.2).
Further, the mass ratio of the concave semi-fermented fertilizer to the inner gel to the outer gel is (5-6): (16-31): (7.5-16).
Further, the homogenization conditions in the step C are: the power is 300-400W, the temperature is 45-60 ℃, and the time is 5-10min.
Further, in the step D, the mass ratio of gel to calcium chloride in the outer gel is (7.5-15): (0.25-0.5).
Further, the bottom of the hydrogel-releasing concave cake is also coated with 20wt% sodium silicate solution.
The released hydrogel concave cake is put into a tree pit, water in the gel is released and then easily enters bottom sandy soil to run off downwards, and the utilization rate of the water is reduced, so that sodium silicate solution is smeared at the bottom of the released hydrogel, the downward infiltration and the running off of the water released by the gel are prevented, the upward supply of the water to the root system of the tree seedling is ensured, and the survival rate of the tree seedling is improved.
Further, after the hydrogel-releasing concave cake is placed, the sand is covered with a cover with a thickness of 15-20cm.
Further, the seedlings comprise one or more of populus euphratica, salix psammophila, hippophae rhamnoides, paulownia, salix rubra, poplar, aspen and caragana microphylla.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. according to the method, the hydrogel-releasing concave cake is prepared and placed in the tree pit, the hydrogel-releasing concave cake continuously releases internal water to provide the tree seedlings, so that the survival rate of the tree seedlings is improved, after the late gel is degraded, the semi-fermentation fertilizer in the hydrogel-releasing concave cake is completely fermented and exposed to provide nutrients for the tree seedlings, and the tree seedlings are promoted to grow better.
2. The prepared hydrogel concave cake sequentially comprises a semi-fermented fertilizer, an inner gel and an outer gel from inside to outside, hydrogen sulfide generated by the semi-fermented fertilizer is trapped in the inner gel by using 1, 2-naphthoquinone in the inner gel, and reacts with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane in the inner gel to generate hydrophobic ester substances, so that the water absorption of the inner gel is reduced continuously, the inner gel is accelerated to release water to supply to seedlings, and the requirement of increasing water demand in the growth process of the seedlings is met.
3. The water release gel concave cake prepared by the invention is also smeared with the outer layer gel added with calcium chloride, on one hand, when the water absorption of the inner layer gel is reduced and water is continuously released, the outer layer gel can further absorb the water released in the inner layer gel, the water release in the gel is accelerated to be supplied to saplings, on the other hand, the temperature is increased in the process of continuously fermenting the semi-fermented fertilizer, the saplings are easy to burn and die, and the reaction of the calcium chloride in the outer layer gel and ammonia gas released by fermenting the semi-fermented fertilizer can absorb heat, so that the temperature is reduced, and the survival rate of the saplings is further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1: is a schematic diagram of the shape of the hydrogel cookie;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following specific examples:
example 1: preparation of a hydrogel concave cake
A. Adding 22kg of water into 1kg of starch, heating to 80 ℃ and stirring at constant temperature for 50min to obtain a pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 7kg of acrylic acid, 0.55kg of 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 1.3kg of 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, putting into 65 ℃ hot water, heating in a water bath for 2.5h to obtain gel, taking 30kg of gel, uniformly dividing into three parts for standby, and 10kg of each part;
B. cow dung and straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation raw material, then adding an EM microbial inoculum accounting for 0.03% of the weight of the fermentation raw material, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a semi-fermented fertilizer, and building 5.5kg of the semi-fermented fertilizer into a concave semi-fermented fertilizer;
C. taking 20kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.7kg of 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 1kg of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, putting into a homogenizer, homogenizing for 7min at the temperature of 50 ℃ with the power of 350w to obtain inner gel, uniformly coating the inner gel on the surface of the concave semi-fermented fertilizer, and drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 10%, thus obtaining semi-encapsulated release hydrogel concave cakes;
D. and C, taking 10kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.3kg of calcium chloride, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain outer gel, uniformly coating the outer gel on the surface of the semi-coated hydrogel concave cake, drying in a baking oven at 40 ℃ until the water content of the outer gel is 10%, obtaining the hydrogel concave cake, coating a layer of 20wt% sodium silicate solution on the bottom of the hydrogel concave cake, and uniformly coating.
Of course, the size of the prepared hydrogel cookie is approximately equal to the size of the placed tree pit.
Example 2: preparation of hydrogel concave cake
A. Adding 15kg of water into 1kg of starch, heating to 75 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 40min to obtain a pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 6kg of acrylic acid, 0.5kg of 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 1.1kg of 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, putting into 60 ℃ hot water, heating for 2h to obtain gel, taking 22.5kg of gel, and uniformly dividing into three parts, wherein each part is 7.5kg;
B. cow dung and straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation raw material, then adding an EM microbial inoculum accounting for 0.03% of the weight of the fermentation raw material, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 6 days to obtain a semi-fermented fertilizer, and building 5kg of the semi-fermented fertilizer into a concave semi-fermented fertilizer;
c: taking 15kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.5kg of 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 0.6kg of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, putting into a homogenizer, homogenizing for 5min at the power of 300W and the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain inner gel, uniformly smearing the inner gel on the surface of the concave semi-fermented fertilizer, and drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 8%, thus obtaining a semi-encapsulated release hydrogel concave cake;
D. and C, taking 7.5kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.25kg of calcium chloride, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain outer gel, uniformly coating the outer gel on the surface of the semi-coated hydrogel concave cake, drying in a baking oven at 40 ℃ until the water content of the outer gel is 8%, obtaining the hydrogel concave cake, uniformly coating a layer of 20wt% sodium silicate solution on the bottom of the hydrogel concave cake, and uniformly coating.
Of course, the size of the prepared hydrogel cookie is approximately equal to the size of the placed tree pit.
Example 3: preparation of hydrogel concave cake
A. Adding 30kg of water into 1kg of starch, heating to 85 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 60min to obtain a pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 11kg of acrylic acid, 0.6kg of 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 1.5kg of 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, then placing into 70 ℃ hot water, heating in a water bath for 3h to obtain gel, and uniformly dividing 42kg of gel into three parts for standby, wherein each part is 14kg;
B. cow dung and straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation raw material, then adding an EM microbial inoculum accounting for 0.03% of the weight of the fermentation raw material, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 8 days to obtain a semi-fermented fertilizer, and building 6kg of semi-fermented fertilizer into a concave semi-fermented fertilizer;
C. taking 28kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 1kg of 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 1.2kg of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, putting into a homogenizer, homogenizing for 10min at the temperature of 60 ℃ under the power of 400W to obtain inner gel, uniformly coating the inner gel on the surface of a concave semi-fermented fertilizer, and drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 12%, thereby obtaining a semi-encapsulated release hydrogel concave cake;
D. and C, taking 14kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.5kg of calcium chloride, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain outer gel, uniformly coating the outer gel on the surface of the semi-coated hydrogel concave cake, drying in a baking oven at 40 ℃ until the water content of the outer gel is 12%, obtaining the hydrogel concave cake, uniformly coating a 20wt% sodium silicate solution on the bottom of the hydrogel concave cake, and uniformly coating.
Of course, the size of the prepared hydrogel cookie is approximately equal to the size of the placed tree pit.
Comparative example 1: preparation of hydrogel concave cake
In contrast to example 1, the only difference is that the released hydrogel cookie of comparative example 1 was prepared without the addition of 1, 2-naphthoquinone.
A. Adding 22kg of water into 1kg of starch, heating to 80 ℃ and stirring at constant temperature for 50min to obtain a pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 7kg of acrylic acid, 0.55kg of 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 1.3kg of 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, putting into 65 ℃ hot water, heating in a water bath for 2.5h to obtain gel, taking 30kg of gel, uniformly dividing into three parts for standby, and 10kg of each part;
B. cow dung and straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation raw material, then adding an EM microbial inoculum accounting for 0.03% of the weight of the fermentation raw material, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a semi-fermented fertilizer, and building 5.5kg of the semi-fermented fertilizer into a concave semi-fermented fertilizer;
C. taking 20kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 1kg of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, putting into a homogenizer, homogenizing for 7min at the power of 350w and the temperature of 50 ℃ to obtain inner gel, uniformly coating the inner gel on the surface of the concave semi-fermented fertilizer, and drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 10%, thus obtaining a semi-coated release hydrogel concave cake;
D. and C, taking 10kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.3kg of calcium chloride, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain outer gel, uniformly coating the outer gel on the surface of the semi-coated hydrogel concave cake, drying in a baking oven at 40 ℃ until the water content of the outer gel is 10%, obtaining the hydrogel concave cake, uniformly coating a layer of 20wt% sodium silicate solution on the bottom of the hydrogel concave cake, and uniformly coating.
Of course, the size of the prepared hydrogel cookie is approximately equal to the size of the placed tree pit.
Comparative example 2: preparation of hydrogel concave cake
In contrast to example 1, the only difference is that the released hydrogel cookie of comparative example 2 was prepared without the addition of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane.
A. Adding 22kg of water into 1kg of starch, heating to 80 ℃ and stirring at constant temperature for 50min to obtain a pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 7kg of acrylic acid, 0.55kg of 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 1.3kg of 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, putting into 65 ℃ hot water, heating in a water bath for 2.5h to obtain gel, taking 30kg of gel, uniformly dividing into three parts for standby, and 10kg of each part;
B. cow dung and straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation raw material, then adding an EM microbial inoculum accounting for 0.03% of the weight of the fermentation raw material, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a semi-fermented fertilizer, and building 5.5kg of the semi-fermented fertilizer into a concave semi-fermented fertilizer;
C. taking 20kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.7kg of 1, 2-naphthoquinone, putting into a homogenizer, homogenizing for 7min at the temperature of 50 ℃ under the power of 350w to obtain inner gel, uniformly coating the inner gel on the surface of the concave semi-fermented fertilizer, and drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 10%, thus obtaining a semi-encapsulated release hydrogel concave cake;
D. and C, taking 10kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.3kg of calcium chloride, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain outer gel, uniformly coating the outer gel on the surface of the semi-coated hydrogel concave cake, drying in a baking oven at 40 ℃ until the water content of the outer gel is 10%, obtaining the hydrogel concave cake, uniformly coating a layer of 20wt% sodium silicate solution on the bottom of the hydrogel concave cake, and uniformly coating.
Of course, the size of the prepared hydrogel cookie is approximately equal to the size of the placed tree pit.
Comparative example 3: preparation of hydrogel concave cake
In contrast to example 1, the only difference is that the released hydrogel cookie of comparative example 3 was prepared without adding calcium chloride.
A. Adding 22kg of water into 1kg of starch, heating to 80 ℃ and stirring at constant temperature for 50min to obtain a pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 7kg of acrylic acid, 0.55kg of 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 1.3kg of 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, putting into 65 ℃ hot water, heating in a water bath for 2.5h to obtain gel, taking 30kg of gel, uniformly dividing into three parts for standby, and 10kg of each part;
B. cow dung and straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation raw material, then adding an EM microbial inoculum accounting for 0.03% of the weight of the fermentation raw material, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a semi-fermented fertilizer, and building 5.5kg of the semi-fermented fertilizer into a concave semi-fermented fertilizer;
C. taking 20kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.7kg of 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 1kg of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, putting into a homogenizer, homogenizing for 7min at the temperature of 50 ℃ with the power of 350w to obtain inner gel, uniformly coating the inner gel on the surface of the concave semi-fermented fertilizer, and drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 10%, thus obtaining semi-encapsulated release hydrogel concave cakes;
D. and C, taking 10kg of gel prepared in the step A to obtain outer gel, uniformly coating the outer gel on the surface of the semi-coated hydrogel concave cake, drying in a baking oven at 40 ℃ until the moisture content of the outer gel is 10%, uniformly coating a 20wt% sodium silicate solution on the bottom of the hydrogel concave cake, and uniformly coating.
Of course, the size of the prepared hydrogel cookie is approximately equal to the size of the placed tree pit.
Comparative example 4: preparation of hydrogel concave cake
In contrast to example 1, the difference is only that the semi-fermented fertilizer prepared by cow dung and straw is not added in the preparation of the hydrogel cookie of comparative example 4, but the inner gel and the outer gel are directly prepared into a cookie shape to obtain the hydrogel cookie.
A. Adding 22kg of water into 1kg of starch, heating to 80 ℃ and stirring at constant temperature for 50min to obtain a pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 7kg of acrylic acid, 0.55kg of 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 1.3kg of 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, putting into 65 ℃ hot water, heating in a water bath for 2.5h to obtain gel, taking 30kg of gel, uniformly dividing into three parts for standby, and 10kg of each part;
B. taking 20kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.7kg of 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 1kg of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, putting into a homogenizer, homogenizing for 7min at the temperature of 50 ℃ under the power of 350w to obtain inner gel, building the inner gel into a concave shape, and drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 10%, thus obtaining semi-encapsulated release hydrogel concave cakes;
C. and C, taking 10kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.3kg of calcium chloride, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain outer gel, coating the outer gel on the surface of the semi-coated hydrogel concave cake, drying in a baking oven at 40 ℃ until the water content of the outer gel is 10%, obtaining the hydrogel concave cake, uniformly coating a layer of 20wt% sodium silicate solution on the bottom of the hydrogel concave cake, and uniformly coating.
Of course, the size of the prepared hydrogel cookie is approximately equal to the size of the placed tree pit.
Comparative example 5: preparation of hydrogel concave cake
In contrast to example 1, the only difference is that the released hydrogel cookie of comparative example 5 was prepared without smearing the sodium silicate solution.
A. Adding 22kg of water into 1kg of starch, heating to 80 ℃ and stirring at constant temperature for 50min to obtain a pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 7kg of acrylic acid, 0.55kg of 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 1.3kg of 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, putting into 65 ℃ hot water, heating in a water bath for 2.5h to obtain gel, taking 30kg of gel, uniformly dividing into three parts for standby, and 10kg of each part;
B. cow dung and straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation raw material, then adding an EM microbial inoculum accounting for 0.03% of the weight of the fermentation raw material, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a semi-fermented fertilizer, and building 5.5kg of the semi-fermented fertilizer into a concave semi-fermented fertilizer;
C. taking 20kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.7kg of 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 1kg of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, putting into a homogenizer, homogenizing for 7min at the temperature of 50 ℃ with the power of 350w to obtain inner gel, uniformly coating the inner gel on the surface of the concave semi-fermented fertilizer, and drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 10%, thus obtaining semi-encapsulated release hydrogel concave cakes;
D. and C, taking 10kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.3kg of calcium chloride, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain outer gel, uniformly coating the outer gel on the surface of the semi-encapsulated release hydrogel cookie, and drying in a drying oven at 40 ℃ until the moisture content of the outer gel is 10%, thus obtaining the release hydrogel cookie.
Of course, the size of the prepared hydrogel cookie is approximately equal to the size of the placed tree pit.
Comparative example 6: preparation of hydrogel concave cake
In contrast to example 1, the only difference is that the gel in step A was directly used to make a cake-like shape in comparative example 6 to obtain a released hydrogel cookie.
A. Adding 22kg of water into 1kg of starch, heating to 80 ℃ and stirring at constant temperature for 50min to obtain a pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 7kg of acrylic acid, 0.55kg of 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 1.3kg of 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, putting into 65 ℃ hot water, heating in a water bath for 2.5h to obtain gel, taking 30kg of gel, building into a concave shape, drying in a baking oven at 40 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 10%, obtaining a released hydrogel concave cake, uniformly coating a layer of 20wt% sodium silicate solution on the bottom of the released hydrogel concave cake, and uniformly coating.
Of course, the size of the prepared hydrogel cookie is approximately equal to the size of the placed tree pit.
Comparative example 7: preparation of hydrogel concave cake
In contrast to example 1, the only difference was that the fully fermented fertilizer obtained by fermenting cow dung and straw for 15 days was used in the preparation of comparative example 7, instead of the semi-fermented fertilizer.
A. Adding 22kg of water into 1kg of starch, heating to 80 ℃ and stirring at constant temperature for 50min to obtain a pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 7kg of acrylic acid, 0.55kg of 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 1.3kg of 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, putting into 65 ℃ hot water, heating in a water bath for 2.5h to obtain gel, taking 30kg of gel, uniformly dividing into three parts for standby, and 10kg of each part;
B. cow dung and straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation raw material, then adding an EM microbial inoculum accounting for 0.03% of the weight of the fermentation raw material, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 15 days to obtain a full-fermentation fertilizer, and building 5.5kg of the full-fermentation fertilizer into a concave full-fermentation fertilizer;
C. taking 20kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.7kg of 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 1kg of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, putting into a homogenizer, homogenizing for 7min at the temperature of 50 ℃ with the power of 350w to obtain inner gel, uniformly coating the inner gel on the surface of the concave full-fermentation fertilizer, and drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 10%, thus obtaining a semi-wrapped release hydrogel concave cake;
D. and C, taking 10kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.3kg of calcium chloride, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain outer gel, uniformly coating the outer gel on the surface of the semi-coated hydrogel concave cake, drying in a baking oven at 40 ℃ until the water content of the outer gel is 10%, obtaining the hydrogel concave cake, uniformly coating a layer of 20wt% sodium silicate solution on the bottom of the hydrogel concave cake, and uniformly coating.
Of course, the size of the prepared hydrogel cookie is approximately equal to the size of the placed tree pit.
Comparative example 8: preparation of hydrogel concave cake
In contrast to example 1, the only difference is that the gel was divided into two parts at the time of preparation of the hydrogel cookie of comparative example 8, namely, the mass ratio of the gel in the inner layer gel to the gel in the outer layer gel was 1:1, the content of other substances is correspondingly changed when the corresponding inner layer gel and the outer layer gel are prepared, and the specific steps are as follows:
A. adding 22kg of water into 1kg of starch, heating to 80 ℃ and stirring at constant temperature for 50min to obtain a pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 7kg of acrylic acid, 0.55kg of 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 1.3kg of 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, putting into 65 ℃ hot water, heating in a water bath for 2.5h to obtain gel, taking 30kg of gel, uniformly dividing into three parts for standby, and 10kg of each part;
B. cow dung and straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation raw material, then adding an EM microbial inoculum accounting for 0.03% of the weight of the fermentation raw material, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a semi-fermented fertilizer, and building 5.5kg of the semi-fermented fertilizer into a concave semi-fermented fertilizer;
C. taking 15kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.5kg of 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 0.6kg of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, putting into a homogenizer, homogenizing for 7min at the temperature of 50 ℃ under the power of 350w to obtain inner gel, uniformly smearing the inner gel on the surface of the concave semi-fermented fertilizer, and drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 10%, thereby obtaining a semi-encapsulated release hydrogel concave cake;
D. and C, taking 15kg of gel prepared in the step A, adding 0.5kg of calcium chloride, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain outer gel, uniformly coating the outer gel on the surface of the semi-coated hydrogel concave cake, drying in a baking oven at 40 ℃ until the water content of the outer gel is 10%, obtaining the hydrogel concave cake, uniformly coating a layer of 20wt% sodium silicate solution on the bottom of the hydrogel concave cake, and uniformly coating.
Of course, the size of the prepared hydrogel cookie is approximately equal to the size of the placed tree pit.
Example 4: method for planting populus euphratica in desert area
(1) Selecting an area in an inner Mongolia Erdos desert area as a field planting point to plant populus euphratica, firstly removing stones in the field planting point, then ditching, digging tree pits with the depth of about 0.6m and the spacing of about 6m in the ditches, wherein the tree pits with the diameter of about 0.6m are dug in the ditches, and the spacing between the tree pits is 5m;
(2) Taking the hydrogel-releasing concave cake prepared in the embodiment 1, standing in water for absorbing water for 7 hours to obtain the hydrogel-releasing concave cake after absorbing water, placing the hydrogel-releasing concave cake in a tree pit, covering a layer of sand with the thickness of about 15cm, selecting 2-year-old populus euphratica seedlings which grow robusta and have no plant diseases and insect pests, standing the seedlings in pits, filling sand in the pit to 2/3 positions of the pit, pouring water to fully soak the sand in the pit, continuing filling the sand, filling the pit, compacting to fix the seedlings, and periodically managing and protecting the seedlings in the later period according to a conventional method.
Experiment one: gel concave cake water release experiment
1. Sample preparation
Sample 1: 550g of semi-fermented fertilizer prepared according to the method of example 1, 2170g of inner gel and 1030g of outer gel are taken;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: laying semi-fermented fertilizer into concave semi-fermented fertilizer, uniformly coating inner layer gel on the surface of the concave semi-fermented fertilizer, drying in a baking oven at 40 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 10% to obtain semi-coated release hydrogel concave cake, uniformly coating outer layer gel on the surface of the semi-coated release hydrogel concave cake, drying in a baking oven at 40 ℃ until the water content of the outer layer gel is 10%, standing in water for 7h to obtain release hydrogel concave cake sample 1;
sample 2: 550g of semi-fermented fertilizer prepared according to the method of comparative example 1, 2100g of inner gel and 1030g of outer gel are taken, and a hydrogel-releasing concave cake sample 2 is prepared according to the preparation method of sample 1;
sample 3: 550g of semi-fermented fertilizer prepared according to the method of comparative example 2, 2070g of inner gel and 1030g of outer gel are taken, and a hydrogel-releasing concave cake sample 3 is prepared according to the preparation method of sample 1;
sample 4: taking 2170g of inner layer gel and 1030g of outer layer gel prepared according to the method of comparative example 4, building the inner layer gel into a concave shape, drying in a baking oven at 45 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 10%, obtaining a semi-coated release hydrogel concave cake, uniformly coating the outer layer gel on the surface of the semi-coated release hydrogel concave cake, drying in the baking oven at 45 ℃ until the water content of the outer layer gel is 10%, standing in water for 7h to obtain a release hydrogel concave cake sample 4;
sample 5: taking 3000g of gel prepared according to the method of comparative example 6, building the gel into concave shape, drying the gel in a baking oven at 45 ℃ until the water content of the gel is 10%, and placing the gel into water for standing and absorbing water for 7 hours to obtain a hydrogel-released concave cake sample 5;
sample 6: 550g of the full-fermentation fertilizer prepared according to the method of comparative example 7, 2170g of inner gel and 1030g of outer gel are taken, and a hydrogel-releasing concave cake sample 6 is prepared according to the preparation method of sample 1;
sample 7: 550g of semi-fermented fertilizer prepared according to the method of comparative example 8, 1610g of inner gel and 1550g of outer gel are taken, and a hydrogel-releasing concave cake sample 7 is prepared according to the preparation method of sample 1;
sample 8: 550g of semi-fermented fertilizer prepared according to the method of example 1 was taken, built into a concave cake shape, dried in an oven at 45 ℃ until the moisture content was 10%, and then placed in water to absorb water for 7 hours to obtain sample 8.
2. The experimental method comprises the following steps: the desert soil is dug and dried until the moisture content is 1%, the dried sandy soil with the thickness of 10cm is paved in 9 flowerpots with the same size and non-porous bottoms respectively, then samples 1-8 are respectively placed in the flowerpots, a blank control (the samples are not placed in the blank control) is added, the dried sandy soil with the thickness of 10cm is covered, the mouth of the flowerpot is covered with a preservative film and then is placed in a sealing manner, and then the water content of the covered soil of the upper layer of the flowerpots on which different samples are placed is measured on the 5 th day, the 10 th day and the 15 th day respectively, so that data are shown in table 1 are obtained:
TABLE 1
| Day 5 moisture content (%) | Day 10 moisture content (%) | Day 15 moisture content (%) | |
| Sample 1 | 7％ | 17％ | 31％ |
| Sample 2 | 6％ | 14％ | 25％ |
| Sample 3 | 6％ | 13％ | 24％ |
| Sample 4 | 7％ | 13％ | 25％ |
| Sample 5 | 7％ | 12％ | 20％ |
| Sample 6 | 6％ | 15％ | 24％ |
| Sample 7 | 7％ | 16％ | 29％ |
| Sample 8 | 1％ | 2％ | 2％ |
| Blank control | 1％ | 1％ | 1％ |
From the data analysis of table 1, it can be seen that:
(1) The increase rate of the soil water content in the flowerpots placed with the samples 2-8 is lower than that of the flowerpots placed with the sample 1, and the increase rate of the soil water content in the flowerpots placed with the sample 1 is gradually accelerated, and the water content can reach 31% after 15 days. 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane are not added into the inner layer gel respectively when the release gel cakes of the sample 2 and the sample 3 are prepared, so that the water absorption of the inner layer gel is not reduced, and the release amount is reduced;
(2) The semi-fermented fertilizer is not added into the water release gel cake of the sample 4, and the water absorption of the inner gel is reduced due to the fact that hydrogen sulfide and other raw materials cannot be released, so that the water release amount is reduced;
(3) Sample 5 directly builds the gel into a cake shape to obtain a released gel concave cake, and the water absorption of the inner gel cannot be reduced, so that the water release amount is reduced;
(4) The sample 6 adopts a full-fermentation fertilizer, and the full-fermentation fertilizer can not release hydrogen sulfide well, so that the water release amount of gel is reduced;
(5) The mass ratio of the inner gel to the outer gel in sample 7 is 1:1, the inner layer gel with reduced water absorption is reduced, and the water release amount of the inner layer gel is reduced.
(6) The sample 8 is directly prepared from semi-fermented fertilizer without gel, and the water content of soil is basically unchanged, so that the water release property of the water release gel concave cake prepared by the method is better, the water release quantity can be increased along with the increase of time, the water demand requirement of the initial stage of the sapling is met, and the survival rate of the sapling is further better improved.
Experiment II: experiment for planting poplar in desert
1. The released hydrogel concave cakes prepared in the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1-8 are subjected to desert populus planting experiments, 60 pieces of released hydrogel concave cakes are prepared according to the method of the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1-8 respectively, three pieces of released hydrogel concave cakes are repeated, 600 populus euphratica seedlings are planted in the inner Mongolica Erdos desert area, the average of the 600 populus euphratica seedlings is divided into 10 groups, the corresponding embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1-8 are respectively planted according to the method of the embodiment 4, the released hydrogel concave cakes are not placed in the blank control groups, survival rates of the groups are counted 2 months after populus euphratica planting, and the obtained data are shown in the table 2:
TABLE 2
| Survival rate (%) | |
| Example 1 | 95.57％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 88.87％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 87.23％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 90.57％ |
| Comparative example 4 | 85.57％ |
| Comparative example 5 | 91.13％ |
| Comparative example 6 | 83.87％ |
| Comparative example 7 | 86.13％ |
| Comparative example 8 | 91.13％ |
| Blank control | 57.23％ |
From the data analysis of table 2, it can be seen that:
(1) Compared with the embodiment 1, the planting survival rate of the populus euphratica in the comparison examples 1-8 and the blank control group is reduced, wherein the survival rate is reduced by 6.7% compared with the embodiment 1, because the 1, 2-naphthoquinone is not added into the hydrogel concave cake in the comparison example 1, the inner gel can not better retain hydrogen sulfide generated by semi-fermented fertilizer, the water release amount of the inner gel is reduced, water required by seedlings can not be provided in time, and the seedlings die due to water shortage;
(2) Compared with the embodiment 1, the survival rate of the comparative example 2 is reduced by 8.34%, because the released hydrogel cookie of the comparative example 2 is not added with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and cannot react with hydrogen sulfide trapped by the inner gel to generate hydrophobic ester substances, so that the water release amount of the inner gel is reduced, water required by seedlings cannot be provided in time, and partial seedlings are killed due to water shortage;
(3) Compared with the example 1, the survival rate of the comparative example 3 is reduced by 5 percent, because the slow-release gel concave cake of the comparative example 3 is not added with calcium chloride, the temperature of the semi-fermentation fertilizer which is continuously fermented and increased cannot be reduced in time, so that the seedlings are burnt due to the too high temperature, and the seedlings die;
(4) Compared with the embodiment 1, the survival rate of the comparative example 4 is reduced by 10%, because the slow-release gel concave cake of the comparative example 4 is not added with semi-fermented fertilizer prepared by cow dung and straw, the slow-release gel concave cake is prepared by directly preparing inner gel and outer gel into cake shape, hydrogen sulfide cannot be generated to react with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane in the inner gel to increase the water release amount of the inner gel, after tree seedlings are planted, the water release amount of the gel is always stable in a lower state along with the increase of the water demand of growth, the released water amount cannot meet the needs of the tree seedlings, the tree seedlings die, and the survival rate is reduced;
(5) Comparative example 5 has a 4.44% lower survival rate than example 1, because the released hydrogel cookie of comparative example 5 is not coated with sodium silicate solution, resulting in downward loss of water released by the gel, reduced available water for seedlings, death of seedlings due to lack of water, and reduced survival rate;
(6) Compared with the example 1, the survival rate of the comparative example 6 is reduced by 11.7%, because the comparative example 1 directly adopts the gel in the step A to prepare a cake shape to obtain a released gel concave cake, the prepared gel only slowly releases less water, the water demand of the saplings cannot be met, and the saplings die due to water shortage, so that the survival rate is reduced;
(7) Compared with the example 1, the survival rate of the comparative example 7 is reduced by 9.44%, because the gel concave cake in the comparative example 7 is prepared by adopting a full fermentation fertilizer, the water absorption change of the inner gel is small, the water release amount is reduced, the water demand requirement of the sapling cannot be better met, and the survival rate of the sapling is reduced;
(8) Compared with the embodiment 1, the survival rate of the comparative example 8 is reduced by 4.44%, because the usage amount of the inner layer gel and the outer layer gel is equal when the gel concave cake is prepared in the comparative example 8, the water release amount of the inner layer gel is not increased when the water demand of the seedlings is increased in the later period of transplanting the seedlings, and the water demand of the seedlings is not satisfied, so that the survival rate is reduced, the method for preparing the water release gel concave cake is proved to provide sufficient water for the seedlings in the growth process after the seedlings are planted, the survival rate is improved, and the cow dung straw fertilizer in the water release gel concave cake can provide nutritional ingredients for the seedlings in the later period, so that the operation cost of manual watering and topdressing in the later period is reduced, and manpower, material resources and financial resources are greatly saved.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention. The technology, shape, and construction parts of the present invention, which are not described in detail, are known in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The tree planting method in desert area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Determining a field planting point, removing stones in the field planting point, ditching, and digging tree pits in the ditches;
(2) Placing a water-absorbing hydrogel concave cake in a tree pit, covering a layer of sand, vertically placing tree seedlings in the pit, backfilling sand in the tree pit to 2/3 of the pit, watering, continuously backfilling the sand, filling the pit, compacting to fix the tree seedlings, and periodically managing and protecting;
the hydrogel-releasing concave cake comprises the following raw materials:
cow dung, straw, starch, acrylic acid, 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution, 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, 1, 2-naphthoquinone, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and calcium chloride;
the preparation method of the hydrogel-releasing concave cake comprises the following steps:
A. adding water with 15-30 times of the mass of the starch into the starch, heating to 75-85 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 40-60min to obtain pasty starch solution, cooling to room temperature, adding acrylic acid, 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution, uniformly mixing, putting into hot water with the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and heating for 2-3h to obtain gel, and equally dividing into three parts for standby;
B. cow dung and straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing the materials in proportion to obtain a fermentation raw material, adding an EM microbial inoculum into the fermentation raw material, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 6-8 days to obtain a semi-fermented fertilizer, and building the semi-fermented fertilizer into a concave semi-fermented fertilizer;
C. taking two parts of gel prepared in the step A, adding 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, then placing into a homogenizer for homogenization to obtain inner gel, uniformly coating the inner gel on the surface of the concave semi-fermented fertilizer, and drying until the water content of the gel is 8-12%, thus obtaining a semi-coated release hydrogel concave cake;
D. and C, taking one part of gel prepared in the step A, adding calcium chloride, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain outer gel, uniformly coating the outer gel on the surface of the semi-coated hydrogel concave cake, and drying until the moisture content of the outer gel is 8-12%, thus obtaining the hydrogel concave cake.
2. The method for forestation in a desert area according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the starch solution, the acrylic acid, the 2wt% ammonium persulfate solution and the 2wt% N, N-methylene bisacryloyl solution in the step A is (16-31): (6-11): (0.5-0.6): (1.1-1.5).
3. The method for forestation in a desert area according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of gel, 1, 2-naphthoquinone and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane in the step C is (15-28): (0.5-1): (0.6-1.2).
4. A method for forestation in a desert area according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the concave semi-fermented fertilizer to the inner gel to the outer gel is (5-6): (16-31): (7.5-16).
5. The method for forestation in a desert area according to claim 4, wherein the homogenizing conditions in the step C are: the power is 300-400W, the temperature is 45-60 ℃, and the time is 5-10min.
6. The method for forestation in a desert area according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of gel to calcium chloride in the step D is (7.5-15): (0.25-0.5).
7. The method for forestation in a desert area according to claim 6, wherein the bottom of the hydrogel-releasing concave cake is further coated with sodium silicate solution.
8. A method of forestation in a desert area as claimed in claim 7 wherein the seedlings include one or more of populus euphratica, salix psammophila, hippophae rhamnoides, paulownia fortunei, salix rubra, populus tremula, caraway limonum.
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| US4540427A (en) * | 1979-07-31 | 1985-09-10 | Isaflex Ag | Method for improving water retention qualities of soil and an agent for performing this method |
| KR20100055185A (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2010-05-26 | 서강대학교산학협력단 | Hydrocarbon membranes comprising silane compound, method for manufacturing the same, mea and fuel cell using the same |
| KR20110023267A (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-08 | 정정철 | Manufacturing method of flowerport for afforestation of desert |
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