CN116855430A - Composite microbial agent for promoting corrosion and increasing yield of rice field straw and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite microbial agent for promoting corrosion and increasing yield of rice field straw and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241001219477 Chroococcus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000589152 Azotobacter chroococcum Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 36
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930192334 Auxin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000002582 Oryza sativa Indica Group Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Sb] Chemical compound [Mo].[Sb] WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012773 agricultural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical group [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005048 flame photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
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- C12R2001/065—Azotobacter
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite microbial inoculant for promoting corrosion and increasing yield of rice field straw and application thereof, comprising the following steps: the composite bacillus powder, the azotobacter chroococcus powder, the photosynthetic bacteria powder, the lactic acid bacteria powder and the denitrifying bacteria powder, wherein the mass ratio of the bacteria powder when the composite bacillus powder, the azotobacter chroococcus powder, the photosynthetic bacteria powder, the lactic acid bacteria powder and the denitrifying bacteria powder are applied in the growing period of rice is 150-180:80-120:40-60:40-60:30-40. The invention forms a composite microbial inoculum by the strains with different functions of straw corrosion promotion, bacteria inhibition and disease resistance, phosphorus and potassium decomposition, nitrogen fixation and growth promotion, toxic substances elimination and the like, and the composite microbial inoculum is directionally applied according to paddy field irrigation and fertilization management conditions and the aerobic and anaerobic characteristics of the strains, so that the rapid straw decomposition and the yield and efficiency increase of paddy rice can be promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of straw returning, in particular to a composite microbial inoculant for promoting corrosion and increasing yield of rice field straw and application thereof.
Background
The crop straw resources in China are rich, and the yield of the collected straw can reach more than 7 hundred million tons each year. The straw is a low-cost renewable resource and contains rich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon and other large and medium-amount nutrient elements and organic matters. Straw returning is a requirement for green sustainable development of agriculture, is beneficial to improving the soil fertility of farmlands, improving the soil structure, increasing the organic matter content, promoting the microbial activity and improving the crop yield and quality after long-term straw returning. However, the straw contains a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like which are not easy to decompose, so that the period of nutrient conversion of the straw in soil is long, the decomposition rate of the straw is slow, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the straw can compete with the nitrogen nutrition of seedlings in a water flooding anaerobic environment of a rice field, stiff seedlings and yellow seedlings are easy to cause, and the cultivation of the rice field is also influenced. In addition, the straw returning can aggravate the risk of plant diseases and insect pests, and secondary toxic substances generated in the anaerobic decomposition process of the paddy field are also unfavorable for the growth of paddy rice.
At present, in actual production, the microbial agent can be used for promoting crop straw decomposition, such as common bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium and the like, has the advantages of high growth and propagation speed, strong stress resistance and wide applicability, can efficiently secrete a plurality of enzymes and metabolites without toxic or side effects, and has the functions of bacteriostasis, disease resistance, straw decomposition promotion and phosphorus and potassium decomposition. However, in paddy field flooding environments, the effects of bacillus are poor and there is uncertainty as most bacillus are strictly aerobic, and flooding anaerobic environments are unfavorable for their massive proliferation. Therefore, the microbial agent should improve the action effect by the application mode coordinated with the water and fertilizer management in the rice planting process, and based on the compounding of anaerobic and aerobic various different functional strains, such as self-produced nitrogen-fixing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and the like, the problems of nitrogen nutrient competition and the like in the straw decomposition process are improved, secondary toxic substances are eliminated, the rice straw decomposition effect is further improved, and the release of nutrients in the straw is promoted, so that the microbial agent has important significance for stable yield and yield increase of rice and efficient utilization of resources.
Therefore, how to provide a composite microbial inoculant for promoting the corrosion and increasing the yield of rice field straw is a problem to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a compound microbial agent and a compound microbial agent application method coordinated with rice field water and fertilizer management, which is beneficial to overcoming the defects of the existing microbial agent application technology and realizing quick straw decomposition and rice yield and efficiency increase.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a composite microbial inoculant for promoting corrosion and increasing yield of rice field straw comprises: the composite bacillus powder, the azotobacter chroococcus powder, the photosynthetic bacteria powder, the lactic acid bacteria powder and the denitrifying bacteria powder, wherein the mass ratio of the bacteria powder when the composite bacillus powder, the azotobacter chroococcus powder, the photosynthetic bacteria powder, the lactic acid bacteria powder and the denitrifying bacteria powder are applied in the growing period of rice is 150-180:80-120:40-60:40-60:30-40.
Preferably, the composite bacillus powder comprises bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus megaterium powder and bacillus licheniformis powder, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis powder to the bacillus megaterium powder to the bacillus licheniformis powder is 1:1:1.
Preferably, the microbial inoculum is respectively applied after the harvest of the previous stubble, before transplanting, in the tillering stage and in the booting stage, and 100g of composite bacillus powder and 100g of azotobacter chroococcus powder are respectively applied per mu after the harvest of the previous stubble; before transplanting, 77g of composite bacillus powder, 46g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 46g of lactic acid bacteria powder and 31g of denitrifying bacteria powder are applied per mu; 77g of composite bacillus powder, 46g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 46g of lactic acid bacteria powder and 31g of denitrifying bacteria powder are applied to each mu in the tillering stage; after the field is dried, 100g of composite bacillus powder and 100g of azotobacter chroococcum powder are applied to each mu of the field in the booting period.
Preparation and application method of microbial inoculum coordinated with water and fertilizer management
The invention is prepared by selecting concentrated bacterial powder, mature products can be purchased in the market, the concentrated bacterial powder is applied for 4 times in the rice planting process, and the fertilizer and the bacterial agent are respectively prepared on the same day as the base fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer and the ear fertilizer are applied after the harvest of the previous crop, and the composition ratio of the bacterial agent is inconsistent in different periods.
1) First application after harvesting of the previous stubble: crushing all straws after wheat or rape is harvested in a previous crop of a paddy field, returning the crushed straws to the field, preparing bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus megaterium powder and bacillus licheniformis powder according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to form composite bacillus powder, weighing 100g of the composite bacillus powder and 100g of azotobacter chroococcum powder per mu, fully mixing, adding 200g of brown sugar into 20L of normal-temperature water, fully stirring, culturing and activating for 5 hours; the paddy field is irrigated with shallow water once, the water layer is about 1cm deep, and then bacterial agents dissolved in 20L of warm water are evenly sprayed and applied. The bacillus and the azotobacter chroococcum belong to aerobic bacteria, at the moment, the paddy field is in a dry falling state, shallow water is filled to be matched with the microbial inoculum for application, so that the microbial inoculum can be ensured to be fully contacted with straw, sufficient moisture is provided, and the growth and propagation of the bacillus and the azotobacter chroococcum are facilitated by the soil wetting state after the water layer disappears;
2) Second application before transplanting: on the day of base fertilizer application before transplanting after paddy field flooding, 77g of composite bacillus powder, 46g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 46g of lactic acid bacteria powder and 31g of denitrifying bacteria powder (the proportion is 5:3:3:2) are weighed per mu, fully mixed, 200g of brown sugar is added and dissolved in 20L of normal-temperature water, fully stirred, cultured and activated for 5 hours, sprayed and applied, and then rotary tillage and pulping are carried out; at the moment, the paddy field is in a flooded anaerobic environment, is suitable for mass propagation of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, is unfavorable for the propagation of the azotobacter chroococcum, and can inhibit the azotobacter ability of the azotobacter by large amount of fertilizer nitrogen input by base fertilizer, so that the azotobacter is not added;
3) Third application in tillering stage: on the day of topdressing of rice in the tillering stage, 77g of composite bacillus powder, 46g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 46g of lactic acid bacteria powder and 31g of denitrifying bacteria powder (the proportion is 5:3:3:2) are weighed per mu, fully mixed, 200g of brown sugar is added and dissolved in 20L of normal-temperature water, and after fully stirring, the mixture is cultured and activated for 5 hours, and then sprayed and applied; the ratio of the microbial inoculum is consistent with that of the second application, and because the paddy field is still in a flooded anaerobic state, the azotobacter is not added;
4) Fourth application after field sunning: 100g of composite bacillus powder and 100g of azotobacter chroococcum powder (the proportion is 1:1) are weighed per mu and fully mixed, 200g of brown sugar is added into 20L of normal-temperature water, and the mixture is fully stirred, cultivated and activated for 5 hours and sprayed for application. Aeration in the sunning field breaks the strict anaerobic state of soil, and after rehydration, the composite bacillus and azotobacter are applied to help the propagation of the soil, and effective nutrients are provided for the subsequent growth and development of rice.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in order to realize the effects of straw corrosion promotion, bacteriostasis, disease resistance, phosphate and potassium dissolution, and the like, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus licheniformis are selected. Considering that the straw decomposition process can compete to absorb soil nitrogen nutrient, under the condition of not increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, the method selects the azotobacter which is the authigenic azotobacter with stronger nitrogen fixing capability in soil, supplements soil nitrogen in a natural nitrogen fixing mode, and can secrete auxin to promote plant growth. In order to further promote straw decomposition in the anaerobic paddy field flooding environment, eliminate secondary toxic substances (such as nitrite, hydrogen sulfide and the like) and inhibit harmful pathogenic bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are selected, and the microbial inoculum belongs to anaerobic bacteria, and has wider application in aquaculture, so that the microbial inoculum can rapidly grow and reproduce in the paddy field flooding environment and has efficacy.
The composite microbial agent is formed by the strains with different functions of straw corrosion promotion, bacteria inhibition and disease resistance, phosphorus and potassium decomposition, nitrogen fixation and growth promotion, toxic substances elimination and the like, and is directionally applied according to the conditions of paddy field irrigation and fertilization management and the aerobic and anaerobic characteristics of the strains, so that the straw rapid decomposition and the rice yield and efficiency increase can be promoted. Compared with the wheat and rape straw without the composite microbial inoculum, the decomposition rate of the wheat and rape straw with the composite microbial inoculum is improved by 5.4 and 3.9 percent when the rice is ripe and harvested, the rice yield is increased by 9.2 percent, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the overground part is improved by 14.0 percent, 7.3 percent and 8.2 percent. The invention has low implementation cost, can be used for multiple times of culture by only purchasing dry microbial inoculum powder and brown sugar for self preparation, is simple and convenient to operate, and is beneficial to overcoming the defects of the existing microbial inoculum application technology in rice planting.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the examples, the strain raw materials, fertilizer and agricultural materials are all commercial products.
Example 1
Test site: the paddy field is paddy soil formed by alternately depositing inland river and lake, the texture is powdery middle soil, and the water and fertilizer retaining capacity is good.
Test period: the medium rice is used as a test object, the hybrid indica rice is 'Shuanglianyou' 138, the planting system is paddy-upland rotation, and the time from the beginning of transplanting the medium rice to the ending of mature harvest is 2022, 5 months, 24 days to 9 months and 1 day.
Test treatment: 3 treatments were designed, respectively:
1) CK, control treatment, conventional management measures, no microbial agent is applied;
2) YB, applying composite bacillus (comprising bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus licheniformis according to the ratio of 1:1:1);
3) FB, and is applied into multifunctional composite bacterial agents including composite bacillus, azotobacter chroococcus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus and denitrifying bacteria. Each treatment is provided with 3 micro-areas for repetition, the micro-areas are surrounded by a polyethylene frame with the length of 100cm multiplied by 80cm in the rice field, the micro-areas are arranged according to random area groups, each micro-area is independently irrigated and fertilized, and the micro-areas are mutually connected with external water and fertilizer without interference after the microbial inoculum is applied.
And (3) performing test field management: the fertilizer is applied for 3 times, the base fertilizer is applied for 1 time before transplanting, and the additional fertilizer is applied for 1 time in the tillering stage and the booting stage. The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the application amount is 180 kg N/ha, and the proportion of base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and ear fertilizer is 2:1:1, applying; the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, and the dosage is 60 kg P 2 O 5 And/ha, as a base fertilizer, applied once; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and the dosage is 90 kg K 2 O/ha, in proportion 2:1:3 application. The straw is crushed and returned to the field after the wheat of the previous crop is harvested, water is soaked for 5 days before transplanting, and then rotary tillage, beating and transplanting are carried out. The intermittent irrigation mode of middle-period sunning is adopted in the growing season of rice, and is mainly characterized in that the rice is transplanted to the middle-downstream rice area in Yangtze river of China to keep flooding for 3-6cm, the rice is turned to the green, 6-7cm is irrigated each time until the water layer disappears, the water is irrigated continuously on the same day after the water layer disappears, the later period of the water layer is sunned for 5-7 days, the node is pulled to alternate dry and wet grouting, 3-4 cm is irrigated each time, the rice is irrigated again after the rice is fallen to 0cm to keep a moist state for 1 day, and the rice is naturally fallen to dry 7 days before the rice is ripened.
The microbial inoculum is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight and the application mode: after harvesting previous crops, preparing bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus megatherium powder and bacillus licheniformis powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 to form composite bacillus powder, weighing 200g of the composite bacillus powder per mu, adding 200g of brown sugar into 20L of normal-temperature water, fully stirring, culturing and activating for 5 hours, filling shallow water into a paddy field once, making a water layer about 1cm deep, and then uniformly sprinkling and applying the microbial inoculum dissolved in water. On the day of base fertilizer application before rice field transplanting, 200g of composite bacillus powder is weighed per mu, 200g of brown sugar is added into 20L of normal-temperature water, the mixture is fully stirred, cultivated and activated for 5 hours, and the mixture is sprayed and applied, and then rotary tillage and pulping are carried out. On the day of rice tillering fertilizer application and on the day of ear fertilizer application after field drying and rehydration, the method is consistent with the operation, 200g of composite bacillus powder is weighed per mu, 200g of brown sugar is added into 20L of normal-temperature water, and the mixture is fully stirred, cultivated and activated for 5 hours, and sprayed and applied.
After harvesting the previous crop, weighing 100g of composite bacillus powder and 100g of azotobacter chroococcum powder per mu, fully mixing, adding 200g of brown sugar, dissolving in 20L of normal-temperature water, fully stirring, culturing and activating for 5 hours, filling shallow water into a paddy field once, making a water layer about 1cm deep, and then uniformly sprinkling and applying the microbial inoculum dissolved in water. On the day of base fertilizer application before rice field transplanting, 77g of composite bacillus powder, 46g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 46g of lactic acid bacteria powder and 31g of denitrifying bacteria powder (the ratio is 5:3:3:2) are weighed per mu, fully mixed, 200g of brown sugar is added and dissolved in 20L of normal-temperature water, fully stirred, cultured and activated for 6 hours, sprayed and applied, and then rotary tillage and pulping are carried out. On the day of rice tillering fertilizer application, 77g of composite bacillus powder, 46g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 46g of lactic acid bacteria powder and 31g of denitrifying bacteria powder are weighed per mu and mixed, 200g of brown sugar is added and dissolved in 20L of normal-temperature water, and after fully stirring, the culture and activation are carried out for 6 hours, and the fertilizer is sprayed and applied. On the day of applying the ear fertilizer after re-watering in a sunning field, 100g of composite bacillus powder and 100g of azotobacter chroococcum powder are weighed per mu, fully mixed, 200g of brown sugar is added and dissolved in 20L of normal-temperature water, and the mixture is fully stirred, cultured and activated for 5 hours and sprayed for application.
The test adopts a bag burying method to study the decomposition characteristics of rice field straw at different stages after returning to the field, 10g of dried wheat and rape straw samples are weighed, cut into 5cm sections, filled into 100-mesh nylon net bags, buried into the 10cm position of soil during rice transplanting, and each micro-area wheat straw and rape straw are buried into 5 bags for marking. The bags are taken out on the 8 th day (tillering initial stage), 17 th day (tillering full stage), 32 th day (tillering end stage sunning), 62 th day (heading stage) and 100 th day (maturing stage) after transplanting respectively, the residual samples of the straws in the bags are washed and dried, the dry matter quantity is measured, and the straw decomposition rate is measured by a weightless method. The results show (Table 1) that the YB and FB treatments can both improve the straw decomposition rate compared with the control CK after 8 days of transplanting, the quick decomposition promoting effect of the FB treatment is better, the straw decomposition rates of wheat and rape are respectively improved by 8.1 percent and 3.8 percent compared with the CK, and the straw decomposition rates of wheat and rape are respectively improved by 4.6 percent and 1.6 percent compared with the YB. The effect of FB on promoting the decay of the straw is better than YB in 17 days, 32 days and 62 days after transplanting. Under the treatment of FB in mature period (100 days), the decomposition rate of wheat and rape straw reaches 71.1% and 56.5%, respectively, is increased by 5.4 and 3.9% compared with CK, and is increased by 4.2 and 1.5% compared with YB. The test results show that the mixed application of a plurality of microbial inoculum according to paddy field irrigation and fertilization management conditions and the aerobic and anaerobic characteristics of the strain has better straw decay promoting effect compared with the mixed bacillus.
After the rice is ripe and harvested, the rice is dried in the sun, threshed and tested for yield to obtain seed yield and aboveground biomass. Simultaneously, respectively sampling stem leaves and seeds of rice plants, and passing through H 2 SO 4 -H 2 O 2 After the digestion for 45 min, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are respectively measured by a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, a molybdenum-antimony anti-light absorption photometry method and a flame photometry method, and the total nutrient absorption quantity of the overground parts (seeds and stems and leaves) of the rice is calculated by the product of the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the corresponding components and the dry matter. The results show (Table 2) that the yield and the aboveground biomass of the FB treatment are improved by 9.2% and 7.0% compared with the CK, the yield and the yield of the YB treatment are improved by 4.5% and 4.8% compared with the CK, and the yield increase effect of the FB treatment is superior to that of the YB. The absorption capacity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ground part is improved by 14.0%, 7.3% and 8.2% compared with CK in the FB treatment, and the absorption capacity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the YB treatment is improved by 7.7%, 3.1% and 7.3%, so that the composite microbial inoculum has obvious promotion effect on nitrogen absorption of rice plants, and the promotion effect on phosphorus and potassium absorption is lower than that of nitrogen absorption.
TABLE 1 decomposition rates of wheat and rape straw in paddy field (%)
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (LSD least significant difference method, P < 0.05).
TABLE 2 Rice yield, above-ground biomass and Nitrogen phosphorus Potassium uptake under different treatments
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (LSD least significant difference method, P < 0.05).
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A composite microbial agent for promoting the corrosion and increasing the yield of rice field straw is characterized by comprising the following components: the composite bacillus powder, the azotobacter chroococcus powder, the photosynthetic bacteria powder, the lactic acid bacteria powder and the denitrifying bacteria powder, wherein the mass ratio of the bacteria powder when the composite bacillus powder, the azotobacter chroococcus powder, the photosynthetic bacteria powder, the lactic acid bacteria powder and the denitrifying bacteria powder are applied in the growing period of rice is 150-180:80-120:40-60:40-60:30-40.
2. The composite microbial inoculant for promoting the decay and increasing the yield of rice field straw according to claim 1, wherein the composite bacillus powder comprises bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus megaterium powder and bacillus licheniformis powder in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.
3. The composite microbial inoculant for promoting the decay and increasing the yield of rice field straw according to claim 1, wherein the microbial inoculant is respectively applied after the harvest of previous stubble, before transplanting, in the tillering stage and in the booting stage, and 100g of composite bacillus powder and 100g of azotobacter chroococcus powder are respectively applied per mu after the harvest of the previous stubble; before transplanting, 77g of composite bacillus powder, 46g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 46g of lactic acid bacteria powder and 31g of denitrifying bacteria powder are applied per mu; 77g of composite bacillus powder, 46g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 46g of lactic acid bacteria powder and 31g of denitrifying bacteria powder are applied to each mu in the tillering stage; after the field is dried, 100g of composite bacillus powder and 100g of azotobacter chroococcum powder are applied to each mu of the field in the booting period.
4. Use of a complex microbial inoculant according to any one of claims 1-3 for increasing rice yield and above-ground biomass.
5. Use of the composite microbial inoculant according to any one of claims 1-3 for promoting straw decomposition.
6. The application method of the composite microbial inoculum for promoting the decay and increasing the yield of the rice field straw is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) First application after harvesting of the previous stubble: crushing all straws after wheat or rape of previous crops in a paddy field are harvested and returning to the field, preparing bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus megatherium powder and bacillus licheniformis powder according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to form composite bacillus powder, weighing 100g of the composite bacillus powder and 100g of azotobacter chroococcum powder per mu, fully mixing, adding 200g of brown sugar into 20L of normal-temperature water, fully stirring, culturing and activating for 5 hours; filling shallow water into a paddy field once, making a water layer about 1cm deep, and then uniformly sprinkling and applying a microbial inoculum dissolved in 20L of warm water;
2) Second application before transplanting: on the day of base fertilizer application before transplanting after paddy field flooding, 77g of composite bacillus powder, 46g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 46g of lactic acid bacteria powder and 31g of denitrifying bacteria powder are weighed per mu, fully mixed, 200g of brown sugar is added and dissolved in 20L of normal-temperature water, fully stirred, cultivated and activated for 5 hours, sprayed and applied, and then rotary tillage and pulping are carried out;
3) Third application in tillering stage: on the day of topdressing of rice in the tillering stage, 77g of composite bacillus powder, 46g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 46g of lactic acid bacteria powder and 31g of denitrifying bacteria powder are weighed per mu, fully mixed, 200g of brown sugar is added and dissolved in 20L of normal-temperature water, fully stirred, cultivated and activated for 5 hours, and sprayed for application;
4) Fourth application after field sunning: 100g of composite bacillus powder and 100g of azotobacter chroococcum powder are weighed per mu and fully mixed, 200g of brown sugar is added into 20L of normal-temperature water, and the mixture is fully stirred, cultivated and activated for 5 hours and sprayed for application.
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