CN116790173A - 一种塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆及其制备方法和施工方法 - Google Patents
一种塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆及其制备方法和施工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于涂料技术领域。一种塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆，包括塑胶表面导电处理剂、清漆或色漆、稀释剂；所述塑胶表面导电处理剂由异丙醇45‑50％、甲醇45‑55％、导电剂1‑2％组成；所述清漆由热塑性丙烯酸树脂25‑35％、醛酮树脂7‑10％、CAB 3‑5％、导电剂0.05‑0.1％、增塑剂3‑5％、功能性助剂0.5‑1％、混合溶剂45‑55％组成；所述稀释剂由异丙醇25‑35％、异丁醇10‑15％、乙酸乙酯20‑30％、乙酸丁酯10‑15％、乙二醇丁醚20‑30％组成。本发明面漆在静电喷涂下的漆雾雾化性好，所得漆膜光泽高、丰满度高、流平均匀、平整光滑、表面无缺陷、附着力良好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于涂料技术领域，具体涉及一种塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆及其制备方法和施工方法。
背景技术
市场上在塑胶玩具底材上的面漆普遍采用人工喷涂或少量机械手喷涂的工艺，特别是手工喷涂，生产施工效率很低，喷涂施工过程中油漆损耗大和污染大，且要求施工人员喷涂技术熟练程度高。
静电喷涂工艺主要是应用在以铝合金等底材为主金属产品，因为铝合金等金属材质为导电材质，静电喷涂工艺过程中，容易使铝合金等金属材质表面产生电荷，借助静电设备直流高压电场的作用下，使喷枪喷出的漆雾雾化，通过静电引力而吸附在带异电荷的金属表面容易形成均勻的漆膜，从而可大批量自动化生产施工。
而塑胶玩具底材属于绝缘体，静电喷涂工艺过程中，难使塑胶表面带上电荷，即使在静电设备直流高压电场的作用下，也无法使塑胶表面吸附上油漆形成均匀的漆膜，目前市场上也有推出可在塑胶底材上静电喷涂的面漆，但是达不到手工喷涂的丰满度及高光泽的效果。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆，在静电喷涂下的漆雾雾化性好，所得漆膜光泽高、丰满度高、流平均匀、平整光滑、表面无缺陷、附着力良好。本发明还提供了该塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆的制备方法和施工方法。
本发明为解决上述问题所采用的技术方案如下：
一种塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆，包括塑胶表面导电处理剂，清漆或色漆，还包括稀释剂；
所述塑胶表面导电处理剂由以下按质量百分比计的组分组成：异丙醇45-50％，甲醇45-55％，导电剂1-2％；
所述清漆由以下按质量百分比计的组分组成：热塑性丙烯酸树脂25-35％，醛酮树脂7-10％，CAB 3-5％，导电剂0.05-0.1％，增塑剂3-5％，功能性助剂0.5-1％，混合溶剂45-55％；
所述稀释剂由以下按体积百分比计的组分组成：异丙醇25-35％，异丁醇10-15％，乙酸乙酯20-30％，乙酸丁酯10-15％，乙二醇丁醚20-30％；稀释剂主要是用于开稀清漆或色漆，稀释剂的溶解力及挥发速度对影响塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆施工有着至关重要的影响；本申请的稀释剂在研究人员经过反复实验验证后，找到在强、弱、快、慢之间的平衡点，即没有太强导致烧胶底材的情况，没有太弱造成附着力不良的问题，没有太快干导致流平性差及发白现象，没有太慢干导致流挂问题，获得了附着力良好、平整光滑、表面无缺陷、均匀的漆膜。
进一步的，所述稀释剂与清漆或色漆的重量配比为1:1.5–1.8。
所述色漆由以下按质量百分比计的组分制备而成：清漆65-95％，颜料5-35％。
进一步的，所述颜料为银浆、珠光粉、色浆、哑粉、荧光粉中的至少一种。塑胶玩具上颜色品种多，颜色鲜艳；银粉，珠光粉，色浆，哑粉，荧光粉可用于调配颜色、哑度。
进一步的，所述导电剂为胺盐化合物的醇溶液，属于不饱和酸性羧酸酯的烷基铵盐溶液，主要解决塑胶底材不易导电问题，通过导电处理剂作用，可以提高塑胶表面导电性，使塑胶底材上的静电喷涂工艺能够实施。
优选地，所述导电剂选用BYK-ES 80；在清漆中加入导电剂，可以提升静电喷漆的导电性，使清漆在静电设备直流高压电场的作用下，喷出的漆雾雾化性更好，从而使吸附在塑胶底材上的漆膜流平均匀。
进一步的，所述热塑性丙烯酸树脂为甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸丁酯的聚合物，玻璃化温度为50-70℃，分子量为45000-70000；
优选地，所述热塑性丙烯酸树脂可选用B-725、LP 64/12、B-66、BR-116的其中一种。
研究人员发现在此玻璃化温度范围及分子量区间参数下的热塑性丙烯酸树脂制成的涂料，静电喷涂雾化性好，得到面漆具有良好的附着力和流平性，但单独的热塑性丙烯树脂仍无法达到手喷涂的丰满度及高光泽的效果，将选用的醛酮树脂与选用的热塑性丙烯酸树脂配合使用，可明显提高面漆的固含量，增加及提升面漆的光泽及丰满度。
进一步的，所述醛酮树脂为脂肪醛类与尿素之聚缩合树脂；优选地，所述醛酮树脂为巴斯夫Laropal A-81。研究人员发现加入选用的醛酮树脂可明显提高面漆的固含量、光泽以及丰满度。
进一步的，所述CAB为CAB-381；所述增塑剂为DINCH、Eastman168中的一种。加入CAB可以改善涂料漆膜的溶剂释放性，提高漆膜的干性和硬度，使塑胶面漆不易碰花。加入增塑剂可以提升漆膜的柔软性，防止漆膜出现爆裂现象。
进一步的，所述功能助剂由二甲基硅氧烷流平剂0.2-0.5％和聚硅氧烷消泡剂0.4-0.6％组成。
进一步的，所述混合溶剂由以下按质量百分比计的组分组成：异丙醇15-20％，丁酮10-15％，乙酸丁酯50-60％，乙二醇丁醚10-20％。使用的混合溶剂兼顾了塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆的树脂的溶解性及挥发速度。
所述的塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将异丙醇、甲醇、导电剂混合搅拌均匀，得到塑胶表面导电处理剂；
S2：在混合溶剂中用分散机边搅拌边依次缓慢加入热塑性丙烯酸树脂、CAB和醛酮树脂，待树脂完全溶解后，边搅拌边依次加入导电剂、增塑剂、功能性助剂，搅拌均匀，得到清漆；
S3：将异丙醇、异丁醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙二醇丁醚混合搅拌均匀，得到稀释剂；
所述的塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
先将塑胶件挂上静电喷涂架，将导电处理剂以喷或浸涂的施工方式在塑胶表面处理一遍；用稀释剂将清漆或色漆开稀10-12秒，用岩田2号杯测试确认其达到适宜静电喷涂施工粘度后，直接上静电喷涂设备，借助静电设备直流高压电场的作用下，使喷枪喷出的漆雾雾化，通过静电引力而在带异电荷的塑胶工件表面形成漆膜，在55-65℃的温度下烘烤25-35分钟即完成施工。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明的塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆在静电喷涂下的漆雾雾化性好；获得的漆膜具有光泽高、丰满度高、流平均匀、平整光滑、表面无缺陷、附着力良好的技术效果；适合静电喷涂自动化流水线生产作业，相比手工喷涂生产的工艺，大大提高生产效率及降低损耗，节省部分人力资源；该静电喷涂面漆非常适合用于ABS、PS、PC等塑胶底材上进行大批量生产施工。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的说明，实施例仅是本发明的优选实施方式，不是对本发明的限定。
下述实施例和对比例中导电剂选用BYK-ES 80。
下述实施例和对比例中热塑性丙烯酸树脂选用B-725、B-66、BR-116以及A-11；其中B-725、B-66、BR-116的玻璃化温度为50-70℃，分子量为45000-70000；A-11的玻璃化温度为100℃，分子量为125000。
下述实施例和对比例中醛酮树脂选用巴斯夫Laropal A-81,CAB选用CAB-381,增塑剂选用Eastman168。
下述实施例和对比例中流平剂、消泡剂为常规市售产品。
表1为塑胶表面导电处理剂的配方(按质量百分比计，单位：％)：
| 原料 | 导电处理剂1 | 导电处理剂2 | 导电处理剂3 |
| 异丙醇 | 48 | 45 | 50 |
| 甲醇 | 53.5 | 53.3 | 48.5 |
| 导电剂 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.5 |
表2为清漆的配方(按质量百分比计，单位：％)：
其中，混合溶剂的配方可选用下表中的其中一种，表3为混合溶剂配方(按体积百分比计，单位：％)：
| 原料 | 混合溶剂1 | 混合溶剂2 | 混合溶剂3 |
| 异丙醇 | 20 | 15 | 18 |
| 丁酮 | 10 | 15 | 13 |
| 乙酸丁酯 | 55 | 50 | 56 |
| 乙二醇丁醚 | 15 | 20 | 13 |
表4为色漆的配方(按质量百分比计，单位：％)：
表5为实施例1-6和对比例1-5的配方(按质量百分比计，单位：％)：
表6为稀释剂配方(按体积百分比计，单位：％)
实施例1-6和对比例1-5的面漆制备步骤以及施工方法如下：
S1：将异丙醇、甲醇、导电剂混合搅拌均匀，得到塑胶表面导电处理剂；
S2：在混合溶剂中用分散机边搅拌边依次缓慢加入热塑性丙烯酸树脂、CAB和醛酮树脂，待树脂完全溶解后，边搅拌边依次加入导电剂、增塑剂、流平剂、消泡剂，搅拌均匀，得到清漆；
S3：将异丙醇、异丁醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙二醇丁醚混合搅拌均匀，得到稀释剂。
实施例1-6和对比例1-5的面漆施工方法如下：
先将塑胶件挂上静电喷涂架，将导电处理剂以喷或浸涂的施工方式在塑胶表面处理一遍；用稀释剂将清漆或色漆开稀10秒，用岩田2号杯测试确认其达到适宜静电喷涂施工粘度后，直接上静电喷涂设备，借助静电设备直流高压电场的作用下，使喷枪喷出的漆雾雾化，通过静电引力而在带异电荷的塑胶工件表面形成漆膜，在60℃的温度下烘烤30分钟即完成施工。
表7为实施例1-6和对比例1-5的性能测试结果：
从表7可知，选用的热塑性丙烯酸树脂和醛酮树脂以及两者用量对面漆静电喷涂的效果有至关重要的影响，在不添加醛酮树脂的情况下，漆膜的丰满度明显不佳；单独使用醛酮树脂或醛酮树脂用量过多而热塑性丙烯酸树脂用量过少时，漆膜的成膜性较差，表面存在缺陷，成膜后发脆且附着力较差。
本发明提供的一种塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆，通过实施静电喷涂的施工工艺，得到了附着力良好、平整光滑、表面无缺陷、流平均匀的漆膜，其丰满度及光泽度可达到手工喷涂工艺的技术效果，非常适合用于ABS、PS、PC等塑胶底材上进行大批量生产施工。
以上描述了本发明的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，比如清漆中添加的导电剂，也可以采用添加在稀释剂中来实现，原理是一样的，在发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，所述简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
此外，本发明的不同实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。
Claims (9)
1.一种塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆，其特征在于，包括塑胶表面导电处理剂，清漆或色漆，还包括稀释剂；
所述塑胶表面导电处理剂由以下按质量百分比计的组分组成：异丙醇45-50％，甲醇45-55％，导电剂1-2％；
所述清漆由以下按质量百分比计的组分组成：热塑性丙烯酸树脂25-35％，醛酮树脂7-10％，CAB 3-5％，导电剂0.05-0.1％，增塑剂3-5％，功能性助剂0.5-1％，混合溶剂45-55％；
所述稀释剂由以下按体积百分比计的组分组成：异丙醇25-35％，异丁醇10-15％，乙酸乙酯20-30％，乙酸丁酯10-15％，乙二醇丁醚20-30％；
所述稀释剂与清漆或色漆的重量配比为1:1.5–1.8。
2.根据权利要求1所述的塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆，其特征在于，所述色漆由以下按质量百分比计的组分制备而成：清漆65-95％，颜料5-35％；
所述颜料为银浆、珠光粉、色浆、哑粉、荧光粉中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆，其特征在于，所述导电剂为胺盐化合物的醇溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆，其特征在于，所述热塑性丙烯酸树脂为甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸丁酯的聚合物，玻璃化温度为50-70℃，分子量为45000-70000。
5.根据权利要求1所述的塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆，其特征在于，所述醛酮树脂为脂肪醛类与尿素之聚缩合树脂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆，其特征在于，所述所述CAB为CAB-381；所述增塑剂为DINCH、Eastman168中的一种；所述功能助剂由二甲基硅氧烷流平剂0.2-0.5％和聚硅氧烷消泡剂0.4-0.6％组成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆，其特征在于，所述混合溶剂由以下按质量百分比计的组分组成：异丙醇15-20％，丁酮10-15％，乙酸丁酯50-60％，乙二醇丁醚10-20％。
8.一种权利要求1-7任意一项所述的塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1：将异丙醇、甲醇、导电剂混合搅拌均匀，得到塑胶表面导电处理剂；
S2：在混合溶剂中用分散机边搅拌边依次缓慢加入热塑性丙烯酸树脂、CAB和醛酮树脂，待树脂完全溶解后，边搅拌边依次加入导电剂、增塑剂、功能性助剂，搅拌均匀，得到清漆；
S3：将异丙醇、异丁醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙二醇丁醚混合搅拌均匀，得到稀释剂。
9.一种权利要求1-7任意一项所述的塑胶底材上静电喷涂面漆的施工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
先将塑胶件挂上静电喷涂架，将导电处理剂以喷或浸涂的施工方式在塑胶表面处理一遍；用稀释剂将清漆或色漆开稀10-12秒，用岩田2号杯测试确认达到适宜静电喷涂施工粘度后，直接上静电喷涂设备，借助静电设备直流高压电场的作用下，使喷枪喷出的漆雾雾化，通过静电引力而在带异电荷的塑胶工件表面形成漆膜，在55-65℃的温度下烘烤25-35分钟即完成施工。
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