CN116724882A - Method for cultivating multi-spike small waxy corn with 8-10 spike rows - Google Patents
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- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/06—Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation
- A01H1/08—Methods for producing changes in chromosome number
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/12—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
- A01H1/121—Plant growth habits
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating multi-spike small waxy corn with 8-10 spike lines, belonging to the technical field of heredity. The invention discloses a method for cultivating small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of ear lines, which is characterized in that a modern commercial hybrid of fresh waxy corn is used as a donor parent and is hybridized and improved with a small waxy corn local variety in Xishuangbanna, and the method for cultivating small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of ear lines is invented by combining an improved mixed population selection method and a corn haploid induction technology, so that the yield of the small waxy corn can be rapidly improved, the unique flavor of the small waxy corn in Xishuananna is maintained, and the problems that the small waxy corn in the current market is low in yield and high in planting cost and cannot meet market demands are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of genetics, in particular to a method for cultivating multi-spike small waxy corn with 8-10 spike rows.
Background
At present, small waxy corns in the state of Xishuangbanna are very popular among consumers in the provinces and cities such as the provinces and cities in Yunnan province, guangdong province and Shanghai province, the consumption channels are divided into online branches, taobao and offline farmers market, and the like, and small waxy corns represented by 'four-way waxy glutinous in the sea' also known as 'thumb glutinous' are popular among consumers for a long time because of good waxy property, good flavor, tender texture Q bullet and unique appearance with only 4 spike numbers, and people feel that the small waxy corns feel hesitant after eating one bud.
However, the 'Menghai four-way glutinous' belongs to an original local variety, one single plant can inoculate four five female ears, 2-3 ears can be harvested generally, but the single ear is small in size and low in yield, natural mixing and seed degeneration are easy to cause in the process of long-term self-seed reservation of farmers, so that the planting cost of small waxy corns in Xishuangbanna is high, the yield is low, and the requirement of a large number of orders on the market cannot be met.
Therefore, the method for cultivating the multi-spike small waxy corn with the number of spike lines of 8-10 lines is a problem to be solved by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method for cultivating small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of spike lines.
The waxy corn commercial hybrid cloud waxy No. 3 which is bred by the unit and popularized and applied in the production of Yunnan is bred by utilizing the local variety Lincang white waxy of Yunnan as a female parent YWL 01; the male parent YWL05 is obtained by breeding Guangxi maize local variety Guixiang glutinous rice. The two waxy corn parent inbred lines YWL01 and YWL05 have more self ear lines (10-14 lines), good disease resistance, good adaptability and good quality, are white waxy corn inbred lines and have a certain double ear rate, and can exactly make up the defects of small single ear and low yield of small waxy corn in Xishuangbanna state, so that the invention provides a method for cultivating multi-ear small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of ear lines.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating multi-spike small waxy corn with 8-10 spike rows comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Uses small waxy corn as basic material and uses self-bred line of waxy cornCrossing male parent with the obtained hybrid F 1 Seed generation;
(2) For F 1 Continuously mixing the powder for two generations to obtain F 3 Generation of improved populations; from F 2 The generation starts to carry out group quality identification and spike line number screening on each generation, and individual plants which keep the unique flavor and spike line number of small waxy corns above 8 lines and keep the differentiation of 4-5 spike female flowers of the individual plants are screened out to form a next generation mixed powder basic group material;
(3) By using a corn haploid induction line as a male parent, F 3 The generation improved population is hybridized and induced to obtain F 3 Haploid kernels of the generation-improved population;
(4) F obtained in the step (3) 3 Carrying out field planting and natural doubling on haploid grains of the generation improved population, and carrying out bagging self-pollination to obtain a plurality of improved small waxy corn doubled haploid (DH line) ears which are successfully doubled;
(5) Threshing and seedling transplanting are carried out on each improved small waxy corn doubled haploid (DH line) ear which is doubled successfully in the step (4), three-leaf seedlings are transplanted according to a ear row method (namely transplanting seedlings of the small waxy corn doubled haploids (DH lines) in a single ear unit), fine management is carried out in fields, and a single plant in a flowering period is selected to retain 4-5 ear female flower differentiation characteristics for bagging selfing seed reserving; observing whether each single plant of the spike row keeps the characteristic that 2-3 spikes can be harvested for the small waxy corn or not, selecting and reserving a plurality of improved small waxy corn doubled haploids (DH lines) by taking the spike row number of the spike row of the small waxy corn as a standard or not, and finally carrying out final identification and evaluation on two indexes of the unique flavor and yield of the small waxy corn on the reserved improved small waxy corn doubled haploids (DH lines);
(6) The single plant meeting the standard has 4-5 spikelet female flowers to differentiate, 2-3 spikelets can be harvested, the number of spikelet lines is 8-10 lines, the yield is improved by more than 30%, and the improved and successful double haploid (DH line) spikelet lines of the small waxy corns are maintained.
Further, the small waxy corn is Menghai four-way waxy (thumb waxy).
Further, the waxy corn inbred line is YWL01 or YWL05 (for example, two inbred lines are all used, and other waxy corn can be selected autonomously according to breeding targets).
Further, step (2) the pair F 1 The specific operation steps of carrying out continuous powder mixing for two generations are as follows: handle F 1 Pollen mix harvest pair F for all plants 1 Pollination is carried out on female flowers of (F) and F is obtained 2 Ear of fruit; for F 2 The same operation is carried out to obtain F 3 。
Further, the unique flavor of the small waxy corn is specifically as follows: good waxy property, good flavor and tender texture.
Furthermore, the maize haploid induction line is cloud induction No. II (the tropical maize haploid induction line which is autonomously bred by the food crop institute of the agricultural sciences of Yunnan province, which is a homozygous inbred line, and the new plant variety right is obtained (application number: 20201005538).
Further, the performing fine management in the field in step (5) includes: watering, weeding, fertilizing and killing insects.
And (3) in the step (6), 2 spike rows of the double haploids (DH lines) of the small waxy corn, which are obtained by differentiating 4-5 spike female flowers of a single plant meeting the standard, can harvest 2-3 spikes, have the spike rows of 8-10 lines, improve the yield by more than 30 percent and keep the unique flavor of the small waxy corn, are successfully improved, and are propagated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a method for cultivating multi-spike small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of spike lines, which utilizes the characteristics of high resistance, high yield per se, high spike line number and good quality of commercial hybrid parents of modern fresh waxy corn, can just make up for the defects of small single spike, low yield and the like of small waxy corn in Xishuangbanna, and uses the method as a donor parent and the local variety of small waxy corn in Xishuananna for carrying out hybridization improvement, and combines an improved mixed population selection method and a corn haploid induction technology to invent a method for cultivating multi-spike small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of spike lines, thereby being capable of rapidly improving the yield of small waxy corn, maintaining the unique flavor of small waxy corn in Xishuananna and solving the problems of low yield and high planting cost of small waxy corn in the current market, which cannot meet the market demand.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The commercial hybrid parent of the modern fresh waxy corn has the characteristics of good resistance, high yield of individual plants, multiple ear numbers, good quality and the like, for example, the female parent YWL01 and the male parent YWL05 of the commercial hybrid corn of the waxy corn of the large-area popularization and application in the production of Yunnan, which are bred in the unit, have the characteristics of multiple ear numbers (10-14 lines), good resistance, good adaptability and good quality, are white waxy corn inbred lines, have a certain double ear rate, and can just make up the defects of small single ear of small waxy corn of the Western double-edition state, such that the invention utilizes the modern fresh waxy corn hybrid parent as a donor parent and the small waxy corn local variety of the Western double-edition state to carry out hybridization improvement, combines an improved mixed population selection method and a corn haploid induction technology, so as to rapidly improve the small waxy corn, and provide a new technical scheme for the demand gap of small waxy corn of the market at present from seed sources.
Example 1
A method for cultivating multi-spike small waxy corn with 8-10 spike rows comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of using a small waxy corn local variety 'Menghai four-way waxy' in Xishuangbangna as a base material, and hybridizing with a YWL01 excellent white waxy corn inbred line bred by the food crop institute of the agricultural academy of sciences of Yunnan province as a male parent to obtain a hybrid F 1 Seed generation;
(2) For F 1 The generation of the powder is continuously mixed for two generations (F) 1 Pollinating female flowers of F1 by pollen mixing collection of all plants, and harvesting to obtain F 2 Ear, pair F 2 The same operation is carried out to obtain F 3 ) To achieve the purpose of population genetic balance to obtain F 3 Generation of improved populations, and from F 2 The generation starts to carry out group quality identification and spike line number screening on each generation, and single plants which keep the unique flavor (good waxy property, good flavor and tender Q bullet texture) of the Xishuangbanna small waxy corn and the spike line number above 8 lines and keep the differentiation of 4-5 spike female flowers of the single plants are screened out to form a next generation mixed powder basic group material;
(3) Using corn haploid induction line (cloud induced number two as representative) as male parent, for F 3 The generation improved population is hybridized and induced to obtain F 3 Haploid kernels of the generation-improved population;
(4) F obtained in the step (3) 3 Carrying out field planting and natural doubling on haploid grains of the generation improved population, and carrying out bagging self-pollination to obtain a plurality of improved small waxy corn doubled haploid (DH line) ears which are successfully doubled;
(5) Threshing and seedling transplanting are carried out on each improved small waxy corn doubled haploid (DH line) ear which is successfully doubled in the step (4), the seedling in the three-leaf stage is transplanted according to a spike row method, fine management is carried out in fields (like field planting, watering, weeding, fertilizing and insect killing are carried out), and spike rows with 4-5 spike female flower differentiation characteristics reserved in a single plant are selected in a flowering period for bagging and selfing for seed reserving; when harvesting, observing whether each single plant of the spike row reserves the characteristic that 2-3 spikes can be harvested for Xishuangbanna small waxy corn, selecting and reserving a plurality of improved small waxy corn doubled haploids (DH lines) by taking the spike row number as a standard, and finally, carrying out final identification and evaluation on two indexes of the unique flavor and the yield of the Xishuananna small waxy corn on the reserved improved small waxy corn doubled haploids (DH lines);
(6) The standard single plant has 4-5 spike female flowers to differentiate, 2-3 spikes can be harvested, the number of spike lines is 8-10 lines, the yield is improved by more than 30%, and 2 spike lines of the double haploid (DH line) of the small waxy corn which are successfully improved and keep the unique flavor of the small waxy corn are propagated (the two with the best selection are respectively propagated) so as to achieve the purposes of approval and commercialization requirements.
Example 2
A method for cultivating multi-spike small waxy corn with 8-10 spike rows comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of using a small waxy corn local variety 'Menghai four-way waxy' in Xishuangbangna as a base material, and hybridizing with a YWL05 excellent white waxy corn inbred line bred by the food crop institute of the agricultural academy of sciences of Yunnan province as a male parent to obtain a hybrid F 1 Seed generation;
(2) For F 1 The generation of the powder is continuously mixed for two generations (F) 1 Pollinating female flowers of F1 by pollen mixing collection of all plants, and harvesting to obtain F 2 Ear, pair F 2 The same operation is carried out to obtain F 3 ) To achieve the purpose of population genetic balance to obtain F 3 Generation of improved populations, and from F 2 The generation starts to carry out group quality identification and spike line number screening on each generation, and single plants which keep the unique flavor (good waxy property, good flavor and tender Q bullet texture) of the Xishuangbanna small waxy corn and the spike line number above 8 lines and keep the differentiation of 4-5 spike female flowers of the single plants are screened out to form a next generation mixed powder basic group material;
(3) Using corn haploid induction line (cloud induced number two as representative) as male parent, for F 3 The generation improved population is hybridized and induced to obtain F 3 Haploid kernels of the generation-improved population;
(4) F obtained in the step (3) 3 Carrying out field planting and natural doubling on haploid grains of the generation improved population, and carrying out bagging self-pollination to obtain a plurality of improved small waxy corn doubled haploid (DH line) ears which are successfully doubled;
(5) Threshing and seedling transplanting are carried out on each improved small waxy corn doubled haploid (DH line) ear which is successfully doubled in the step (4), the seedling in the three-leaf stage is transplanted according to a spike row method, fine management is carried out in fields (like field planting, watering, weeding, fertilizing and insect killing are carried out), and spike rows with 4-5 spike female flower differentiation characteristics reserved in a single plant are selected in a flowering period for bagging and selfing for seed reserving; when harvesting, observing whether each single plant of the spike row reserves the characteristic that 2-3 spikes can be harvested for Xishuangbanna small waxy corn, selecting and reserving a plurality of improved small waxy corn doubled haploids (DH lines) by taking the spike row number as a standard, and finally, carrying out final identification and evaluation on two indexes of the unique flavor and the yield of the Xishuananna small waxy corn on the reserved improved small waxy corn doubled haploids (DH lines);
(6) The standard single plant has 4-5 spike female flowers to differentiate, 2-3 spikes can be harvested, the number of spike lines is 8-10 lines, the yield is improved by more than 30%, and 2 spike lines of the double haploid (DH line) of the small waxy corn which are successfully improved and keep the unique flavor of the small waxy corn are propagated (the two with the best selection are respectively propagated) so as to achieve the purposes of approval and commercialization requirements.
Experiments were performed according to the embodiments of examples 1-2 in 2019-2022 in Yunnan Jingfu City (winter) and Kunming City (spring), with a planting density of 3000 plants/mu, and the experimental results are shown in tables 1 and 2. The improvement is specifically carried out in the scenic city in winter and in Kunming city in spring alternately, and the improvement is continuous operation in one year.
TABLE 1 specific implementation steps of a method for cultivating Multi-ear small waxy corn with 8-10 rows of ear lines
Table 2 comparison of yield enhancement in successful small waxy corn
| Material family | Fresh spike per mu (kg/mu) | Improved yield (%) | Time |
| DH ("Small waxy corn". Times.YWL 01- # 1) | 657 | 31.4 | 2022 winter |
| DH ("Small waxy corn". Times.YWL 01- # -) -2 | 725 | 45 | 2022 winter |
| DH ("Small waxy corn". Times.YWL 05- # 1) | 668 | 33.6 | 2022 winter |
| DH ("Small waxy corn". Times.YWL 05- # 2) | 700 | 40 | 2022 winter |
| "Small waxy corn" (CK) | 500 | / | 2022 winter |
The results in Table 2 show that the improved small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of ear lines is obtained by the method for cultivating the small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of ears, and the fresh ear yield of the improved 8-10 lines of small waxy corn is improved by more than 30% compared with the yield of the original unmodified small waxy corn.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for cultivating multi-spike small waxy corn with 8-10 spike lines is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) The small waxy corn is used as a base material, and the selfing line of the waxy corn is used as a male parent to hybridize with the base material to obtain hybridization F 1 Seed generation;
(2) For F 1 Continuously mixing the powder for two generations to obtain F 3 Generation of improved populations; from F 2 The generation starts to carry out group quality identification and spike line number screening on each generation, and individual plants which keep the unique flavor and spike line number of small waxy corns above 8 lines and keep the differentiation of 4-5 spike female flowers of the individual plants are screened out to form a next generation mixed powder basic group material;
(3) By using a corn haploid induction line as a male parent, F 3 The generation improved population is hybridized and induced to obtain F 3 Haploid kernels of the generation-improved population;
(4) F obtained in the step (3) 3 Carrying out field planting and natural doubling on haploid grains of the generation improved population, and carrying out bagging self-pollination to obtain a plurality of improved small waxy corn doubled haploid ears which are successfully doubled;
(5) Threshing and seedling transplanting are carried out on each improved small waxy corn doubled haploid ear successfully obtained in the step (4), three-leaf seedlings are transplanted according to a spike row method, fine management is carried out in the field, and spike rows with 4-5 spike female flower differentiation characteristics reserved in a single plant are selected in the flowering period for bagging selfing seed reserving; when harvesting, observing whether each single plant of the spike row keeps the characteristic that 2-3 spikes can be harvested of the small waxy corn, and whether the spike row number is more than 8 rows, selecting and reserving a plurality of improved small waxy corn double haploids by taking the characteristics as a standard, and finally, carrying out final identification and evaluation on two indexes of the unique flavor and yield of the small waxy corn on the reserved improved small waxy corn double haploids;
(6) The single plant meeting the standard has 4-5 spikelet female flowers to differentiate, 2-3 spikelets can be harvested, the number of spikelets is 8-10, the yield is improved by more than 30%, and the improved and successful double haploid spikelets of the small waxy corn are maintained to have unique flavor.
2. The method for cultivating multi-spike, small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of spike lines according to claim 1, wherein the small waxy corn is a four-way waxy corn with a four-way corn spike line.
3. The method for cultivating multi-spike and small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of spike lines according to claim 1, wherein said waxy corn inbred line is YWL01 or YWL05.
4. The method for cultivating small waxy corn having 8-10 lines of spike lines according to claim 1, wherein said pair F in step (2) 1 The specific operation steps of carrying out continuous powder mixing for two generations are as follows: handle F 1 Pollen mix harvest pair F for all plants 1 Pollination is carried out on female flowers of (F) and F is obtained 2 Ear of fruit; for F 2 The same operation is carried out to obtain F 3 。
5. The method for cultivating multi-spike small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of spike lines according to claim 1, wherein the special flavor of the small waxy corn is as follows: good waxy property, good flavor and tender texture.
6. The method for cultivating multi-spike and small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of spike lines according to claim 1, wherein said corn haploid inducer is cloud induced number two.
7. The method for cultivating small waxy corn having 8-10 lines of spike lines according to claim 1, wherein said field fine management in step (5) comprises: watering, weeding, fertilizing and killing insects.
8. The method for cultivating multi-spike and small waxy corn with 8-10 lines of spike and line numbers according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), 2 lines of small waxy corn double haploid spike lines which meet the standard and have 4-5 spike and line numbers of 8-10 lines and are improved by more than 30% and maintain the unique flavor of the small waxy corn are propagated, wherein the single plant has 4-5 spike and line numbers of 2-3 spikes can be harvested.
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