CN102138518A - Wheat breeding method - Google Patents
Wheat breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102138518A CN102138518A CN 201110008730 CN201110008730A CN102138518A CN 102138518 A CN102138518 A CN 102138518A CN 201110008730 CN201110008730 CN 201110008730 CN 201110008730 A CN201110008730 A CN 201110008730A CN 102138518 A CN102138518 A CN 102138518A
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Abstract
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistance big-ear white-skin large-grain wheat breeding method to solve the problems of the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: (1) performing multi-parent sequential step cross-breeding and selecting white-skin seeds of varieties with excellent comprehensive properties and varieties with special properties according to records; (2) crossing the stored white-skin seeds with excellent comprehensive properties, which serve as parent materials and usually serve as female parents, and materials, of which the target properties are required to be improved and which serve as male parents to breed intermediate materials or varieties which adapt to local ecological conditions and have more excellent properties and less defects, namely parent materials; and (3) performing one or more circles of cross breeding by repeatedly using the intermediate materials as female parents and the materials having properties to be improved in an breeding objective as male parents till the new white-skin large-grain wheat varieties which are in accordance with the breeding objective are bred.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wheat breeding aspect, specifically, relate to the big grain of a kind of white skin breeding of wheat method.
Background technology
China has a large population and a few land, and arable area reduces day by day, and wheat is as one of important crops, is to ensure national food safety, and it is significant to select the wheat breed with good nutritional quality and economical character.Along with accelerating development of urbanization, people's living standard improves constantly, and the wheat special demand of dealing with various requirements is more and more urgent.People are more and more higher to the output and the quality requirement of kind, and the peasant requires big, the white skin of seed, good looking appearance, commercial value height; Processing and marketing department require flour extraction and protein height, and gluten quality is good; The consumer requires nutritional quality height, good palatability.At market and living needs, be long-term goal to cultivate the high-quality strong gluten wheat, attach most importance to cultivate the high-quality middle gluten wheat, take into account and cultivate weak muscle wheat.
Because the geographical complicated ecological condition difference of China is big, wheat infects various white powder, red mould, yellow rust etc. easily, in order to ensure high yield, selects the strong improved seeds of disease resistance of crucial importance.
Because historical reasons, the breeding expert of China only notes output and ignores quality in considerable time, causes that output height, poor quality, benefit are low, fine quality is by the situation of import.Follow development of market economy, the purpose that people plant wheat is not only and is satisfied grain ration, but also in order to improve its commodity value.Plant is to become the unique producer of inorganic nitrogen into organic nitrogen, improves the commodity of protein and wheat, obtains the basic goal that the high-yield and high-efficiency on the unit are has become the breeder and the producer to pursue.Therefore the high-quality breeding also becomes the important directions that wheat breeding is paid attention to.
The genetic breeding theory that Lee nation root of hair is reportedly united, combine closely breeding objective and direction are carried out improved application, formulated the EGSC method of breeding (Li Bangfa. wheat EGSC Study on Breeding Methods and application [j]. crop investigations 2007, (3): 170-172).
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, in order to overcome problems of the prior art, provides the big grain of the white skin of the disease-resistant big fringe of a kind of high yield and high quality breeding of wheat method.
In order to address the above problem, technical scheme of the present invention is such:
A kind of breeding of wheat method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) adopt how close sequence staged to hybridize, by identical standard observe, put down in writing, results and species test.Be divided into white skin kind and red skin kind by kernel seed coat colour during species test, in white skin kind, sort out comprehensive proterties improved seeds and the kind of the shape that has specific characteristics by record again, these two types of seeds are preserved, and all the other seeds are eliminated;
(2) the comprehensive proterties of above-mentioned preservation is good white skin seed is as parent material, the general female parent of doing with the material that the breeding objective proterties need improve, is generally hybridized as male parent, cultivate few intermediate materials or the kind of the many shortcomings of merit that adapts to local ecological condition, i.e. parent material;
(3) do maternally repeatedly with intermediate materials, need improve the material of proterties and carry out taking turns or taking turns more hybridization to have breeding objective, up to selecting the big grain of the white skin that meets breeding objective new variety of wheat as male parent.
Wherein, the multi-parent strain of selecting for use in the step (1) comprises and carries Mo Feiwei, Ma Kuisi, Myron promise husband 808, A Bo and agate draws, high bobbles (river farming 65-4395), short bobbles (river farming 65-4479), white shell Huang in grain rains (inland river).
Wherein, the intermediate materials of cultivating in the step (2) is T7915K-3-69, Mianyang 88-304, Mianyang 95-325.
Wherein, step (3) comprises step:
A. being maternal with T7915K-3-69, is that Mianyang is paternal hybrid No. 15 with 76-315, has selected the good white skin big grain strain Mianyang 88-304 of economical character or Mianyang No. 25;
B. making female parent with Mianyang 88-304 number, is paternal hybrid with Mianyang 86-5, cultivates the big grain of the white skin of disease-resistant high-output stress-resistance material Mianyang 95-325;
C. be female parent with intermediate materials Mianyang 95-325, with the southern agricultural 92R-135 (to the yellow rust immunity) that introduces Agricultural University Of Nanjing is that male parent is carried out artificial pollination hybridization, and cultivating the big grain of the stable white skin of the good disease-resistant high-output stress-resistance of big fringe high yield and high quality commodity strain LB0758 is western section wheat No. 6.
Described Mianyang No. 15 (white skin, big grains) is so be to cultivate the kind that obtains by Mianyang research of agricultural science 70-5858 and all 6 hybridization.Described Mianyang 86-5 is cultivated the kind that obtains by Mianyang research of agricultural science.The kind that obtains is cultivated by Mianyang research of agricultural science in Mianyang No. 25 (white skin, big grains).Xi Kemai No. 6 (white skin, big grains) is the kind of being cultivated by Xinan Science and Technology Univ..
Breeding method of the present invention is improved according to traditional genetic and breeding method, adopts the method for " taking ladder upstairs ", and the first, adopt how close sequence staged hybridization, progressively make different parents' merit combination, and developed raising.Promptly " utilize excellent genes combination (F2 optimum strain) to do maternal (hybridizing during F3), carry out repeatedly ladder hybridization as male parent " (EGSC method) [1] with up-to-date optimum kind at that time.The second, utilize advantage between planting, geographical, ecological edge material far away that domestic and international kind and land race merit are organically flocked together, adopt artificial pollination preparation combination, progressively numerous merits are transferred in the excellent parent.
The big grain of the white skin that seed selection of the present invention is come out wheat: seed is short round, full, even, also has following advantage:
1. high yield: spike number in 25-30 ten thousand, grain number per spike 45-50 grain, more than the thousand kernel weight 45-50g, yield potentiality reaches 667m
2400-500kg;
2. resistant to lodging: resistant to lodging also is a key factor that guarantees high yielding variety, and plant height 80-90cm, fringe weigh more than 2 grams, and cane is tough and tensile, and mechanical strength is big, and single stem root amount is big, and biological yield is high to be coordinated with harvest index;
3. disease resistance is strong: not only stripe rust resisting, and anti-white powder, head blight;
4. have good nutritional quality, processing (abrasive dust and food) quality: be of high nutritive value, baking properties is good.
Description of drawings
The selection of the parent material of Fig. 1 method for breeding wheat of the present invention and family tree embodiment.
Embodiment
In order to make technological means of the present invention, creation characteristic, to reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, the present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, the cultivation program that western section wheat is No. 6 from whole pedigree, is broadly divided into four Main Stage.Phase I, before 1981, excellent intermediate materials T7915
K-3-69Breed, adopt the hybridization of how close sequence staged, numerous parents' that amassed wealth by heavy taxation elite germplasm.Second stage was cultivated successful Mianyang 88-304 (afterwards naming Mianyang No. 25) with No. 15 hybridization of the intermediate materials of excellence and the up-to-date at that time improved seeds Mianyang that will promote in 1981 in 1988.Phase III, nineteen ninety was done for No. 25 maternal again with new varieties Mianyang, be paternal hybrid with Mianyang 86-5, had cultivated excellent middle parent Mianyang 95-325 in 1996.The quadravalence section, 1997 is female parent with Mianyang 95-325, on the south agricultural 92R-135 be that male parent is carried out artificial pollination hybridization, cultivate and stablize the LB0758 that is, promptly western section wheat No. 6.
Be the simple clear cultivating process that omits the phase I intermediate materials, be specifically described from second stage: 1981, with intermediate materials T7915
K-3-69(white grain) done maternal, is that male parent is hybridized with improved seeds Mianyang No. 15 (white grains).Two white grain materials are done the parent, because of T7915
K-3-69Economical character is undesirable, the raising of still needing of hollow kernels, yield level, and expectation is by obtaining improvement with No. 15 hybridization in Mianyang.T7915
K-3-69After No. 15 hybridization in Mianyang, in segregative generation, the whole growth period of wheat, according to breeding objective, select agronomy good, plant that proterties is good and strain system, it is big and full that indoor species test only keeps seed, seed is the plant and the strain system of white skin, until stabilization characteristics of genetics meets till the breeding objective.Cultivated seed big (thousand kernel weight 50-60 gram) and full (short garden shape) in 1988, grain white, economical character is good, after No. 25 applications on producing in Mianyang are named in test.Because variation of yellow rust biological strain and production are gone up and are found that Mianyang 88-304 plant is higher, lodging easily, disease resistance is not strong, and output is influenced bigger.Nineteen ninety is a female parent with Mianyang 88-304 (the big grain of white skin) then, is that male parent is hybridized with Mianyang 86-5 (red grain), (annotates: Mianyang 86-5, high stripe rust resisting, powdery mildew, seed cutin degree height, quality better, plant is shorter, lodging tolerance is strong, and functional period of leaf is long, and the yellow annesl that falls is good).The offspring selects ditto, selects good intermediate materials Mianyang 95-325 (the big grain of white skin) in 1996, and it has kept the advantage of Mianyang 88-304 (the big grain of white skin), has reduced plant height again, has strengthened capacity for the resistance to lodging and resistance against diseases.Because more single anti-source has appearred in the wheat breed that cultivates in Sichuan in recent years, for the resistance of expanding new resistance source and cultivation new varieties keeps comparatively lasting, 1997, be female parent with Mianyang 95-325 (the big grain of white skin) again, with introduction filter out have 6 times of body haynaldia villosas contain 6V high anti--the Stripe Rust Resistance Gene material 92R-135 (red grain) of immunity hybridizes as male parent, select through 8 years offsprings, cultivated into stable strain LB0758 (the big grain of white skin) in 2005, Sichuan average annual output structure is: number of productive ear 200,000～250,000 fringes/667m
2, 45～55 of grain number per spikes, thousand kernel weight 45～55g.The white skin light of seed is full, the commodity value height, and yielding ability is outstanding, and yield stability is good between place and year border, wide accommodation.。
By the seed selection of above-mentioned parent's intermediate materials and kind, sum up the seed selection key technology of the big grain of white skin wheat breed:
(1), make male parent or maternal parent material can be that intermediate materials also can be a kind, both can be white skins, also can one be white skin, one is red skin.But do maternal for well with white skin parent.
(2), two parent's superpositions will have the most basic proterties of breeding objective, estimate to occur by reorganization or super parent the proterties of our needs.
(3), each offspring from generation to generation select will be in strict accordance with breeding objective and the big grain of the Bai Pi standard plant of selecting and remain.Only keep white skin large seed in the species test, red skin seed is eliminated.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in the foregoing description and the specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. a breeding of wheat method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) adopt how close sequence staged to hybridize, by identical standard observe, put down in writing, results and species test.Be divided into white skin kind and red skin kind by kernel seed coat colour during species test, in white skin kind, sort out comprehensive proterties improved seeds and the kind of the shape that has specific characteristics by record again, these two types of seeds are preserved, and all the other seeds are eliminated;
(2) the comprehensive proterties of above-mentioned preservation is good white skin seed is as parent material, the general female parent of doing with the material that the breeding objective proterties need improve, is generally hybridized as male parent, cultivate few intermediate materials or the kind of the many shortcomings of merit that adapts to local ecological condition, i.e. parent material;
(3) do maternally repeatedly with intermediate materials, need improve the material of proterties and carry out taking turns or taking turns more hybridization to have breeding objective, up to selecting the big grain of the white skin that meets breeding objective new variety of wheat as male parent.
2. a kind of breeding of wheat method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein, the multi-parent strain of selecting for use in the step (1) comprises and carries Mo Feiwei, Ma Kuisi, Myron promise husband 808, A Bo and agate draws, high bobbles is river farming 65-4395, short bobbles is river farming 65-4479, white shell Huang in grain rains.
3. a kind of breeding of wheat method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein, the intermediate materials of cultivating in the step (2) is T7915K-3-69, Mianyang 88-304, Mianyang 95-325.
4. a kind of breeding of wheat method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein, step (3) comprises step:
A. being maternal with T7915K-3-69, is that Mianyang is paternal hybrid No. 15 with 76-315, has selected the good white skin big grain strain Mianyang 88-304 of economical character or Mianyang No. 25;
B. making female parent with Mianyang 88-304 number, is paternal hybrid with Mianyang 86-5, cultivates the big grain of the white skin of disease-resistant high-output stress-resistance material Mianyang 95-325;
C. be female parent with intermediate materials Mianyang 95-325, with the southern agricultural 92R-135 (to the yellow rust immunity) that introduces Agricultural University Of Nanjing is that male parent is carried out artificial pollination hybridization, and cultivating the big grain of the stable white skin of the good disease-resistant high-output stress-resistance of big fringe high yield and high quality commodity strain LB0758 is western section wheat No. 6.
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| CN 201110008730 CN102138518A (en) | 2011-01-17 | 2011-01-17 | Wheat breeding method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102835305A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-12-26 | 弭尚岭 | Branch type colored wheat crossbreeding and propagation method |
| CN103548671A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-02-05 | 西南科技大学 | Breeding method of bald white wheat |
-
2011
- 2011-01-17 CN CN 201110008730 patent/CN102138518A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 《中国农学通报》 20091231 李邦发 小麦新品种西科麦6号的选育研究 200－205 1－4 第25卷, 第23期 * |
| 《作物研究》 20070930 李邦发 小麦E•G•S•C育种方法的研究及应用 170－172 1－4 第2007卷, 第3期 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102835305A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-12-26 | 弭尚岭 | Branch type colored wheat crossbreeding and propagation method |
| CN103548671A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-02-05 | 西南科技大学 | Breeding method of bald white wheat |
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Application publication date: 20110803 |