CN1166844C - 用于梁、柱、板的预制的外部加固件 - Google Patents

用于梁、柱、板的预制的外部加固件 Download PDF

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CN1166844C
CN1166844C CNB018025749A CN01802574A CN1166844C CN 1166844 C CN1166844 C CN 1166844C CN B018025749 A CNB018025749 A CN B018025749A CN 01802574 A CN01802574 A CN 01802574A CN 1166844 C CN1166844 C CN 1166844C
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CN1388848A (zh
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迪里克·C·J·I·德·尼夫
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L63/00Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于梁、柱、板的预制外部加固件,基本上它包括一种纤维与树脂的复合物,其中纤维中的大多数沿该加固件的纵向布置,其特征在于,至少在该外部加固件的轮廓界限分明的部分提供由纤维构成的附加的加固,该构成附加加固的纤维按照至少一个不同于加固件的纵向的方向布置。本加固件解决了现有技术中的加固件只能沿纵向受力、且强度低、与待加固结构之间粘合力差的问题。

Description

用于梁、柱、板的预制的外部加固件
本发明涉及一种用于梁、柱、板等的外部加固件,本发明还特别涉及一种加固件,它允许增加木质、混凝土、金属或其它材料制作的现有梁柱等的最大容许负载。
人们知道为了加固现有结构,已提供了多种加固件,其中包括例如一块钢板,用粘结剂、螺栓或诸如此类的方式将其连接于这样的结构上。
但这种已知的外部加固件显示出如下缺点,一方面它们很重,另一方面很难连接。
为了克服上述缺点,已提供了一种可选择的加固件,它包括一纤维板,由比如碳纤维、玻璃纤维或芳族聚酸胺纤维等构成,这些纤维埋于树脂中。
直至目前,这类加固件以连续加工方式提供,例如以拉挤成型方式。
通过上述现有技术,实际上能实现一种具有轮廊界限分明的结构、很长的长度、有恒定的宽度、厚度和一平滑表面的外部加固件。
虽然这类外部加固件与钢板构成的外部加固件相比较减少了相当的重量,且相对容易提供,但它也显示出很大的缺点:所有的纤维都是沿板形加固件的纵向布置,因而这类板只能承受沿其纵向上的力。
实际上,在此情况下作用于纤维上的这些力只借助于树脂传递于周围纤维上。
再者,不能在这类已知的加固板上钻孔,考虑到这可能导致一些纤维的局部断裂,以致作用于这些断裂纤维上的力不能传递到周围纤维上。
已有的外部加固件的另一缺点是:此类板件加工方法使得其表面处非常平滑,导致对需加固结构件的粘附力偏小,于是为了改进粘附性,该表面一般要进行处理以使其变粗糙,例如喷沙、打磨或用其它方式处理,但这是劳动力密集的工作,再者采取此类处理方法,这些纤维会受到损伤,这会导致加固板的强度降低。
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种外部加固件,它排除了上述的及已知其它的加固件的缺点,本发明的最重要的目的是使外部加固件与待加固的柱、梁等之间有更好的粘合力和连接。
本发明的另一个目的是在最大拉力和/或压力产生之处该外部加固件可以加厚。
依据本发明,上述目的通过下列的技术方案实现:一种用于梁、柱、板的预制的外部加固件,该外部加固件能被固定到现有结构上对现有结构进行加固,该外部加固件基本由纤维和树脂复合构成,纤维中的大多数沿加固件的纵向布置,其特征在于,至少在外部加固件轮廓界限分明的部分提供了由纤维形成的附加加固,这些形成附加加固的纤维按照至少一个不同于加固件的纵向的方向布置。
本发明的具体实现方式说明如下。
为了更好显示本发明的特征,作为一个非限制性的优选的具体实施例,这里描述一种基本上由纤维和树脂复合构成的用于梁、柱、板等的外部加固件的优选的实施例。
外部加固件中的上述纤维可包括玻璃纤维、碳纤维、一种芳族聚酸胺纤维(aramide fiber)、天然纤维,比如大麻、亚麻,椰树纤维、合成纤维或这些纤维的组合,而树脂则优选环氧树脂、乙烯基树脂、聚酯树脂、酚醛树脂、矿物树脂、热塑塑料或别的适合的树脂。
依据本发明一种板形外部加固件将得以实施,此处不仅大多数纤维沿外部加固件的纵向布置,拉力沿该外部加固件的纵向作用在加固件上,而且依据本发明,至少在外部加固件的轮廓界限分明的部分,通过增加沿外部加固件的纵向以外的至少一个方向布置的纤维提供了附加的加固。
在一特殊的具体实施例中,外部加固件的厚度在纵向是可变的,其目的是在拉力和/或压力最大之处增强加固,例如在用于一根梁的加固件的情况下,在梁长度的中部处加固件厚度加大。
在上述轮廓界限分明的部分纤维置放方向相互交叉,以便在钻透外部加固件时,拉力和/或压力传递到其它加固纤维,这就允许通过螺钉、螺栓等手段将外部加固件机械固定于待加固的材料上。
再者,局部地获得一粗糙表面,这就提供了一个很大的优点:使粘结剂的粘着力增加了,作为其结果,该加固件能以更好的方式承受力。
依据本发明,该外部加固件可承受待加固件非纵向的各种力。
在附加连接或现场安装之前,可以在外部加固件的单侧面或双侧面提供粘合力差的织物,当该织物去除时,在外部加固件上留下印痕。
在安装使用加固件前,通过去除织物还获得一粗糙表面,于是一些附加的处理比如喷沙或打磨加固件就成为多余的,即不必再进行附加处理。
上文所述较差粘附力的织物还能保护外部加固件免受比如指印、灰尘之类的污染,这些污染会造成外部加固件与待加固的材料的粘结困难。
在一特殊的情况下,外部加固件在轮廓界限分明的部位可以是各向同性的。
作为根据本发明的一种外部加固件,至少在那些用粘结剂、螺栓等方式与梁、柱等连接的部位处,提供与上述大多数纤维的纵向不同指向的附加纤维,这样在为穿过上述螺栓在加固件上设孔时,设孔不会影响纵向纤维的拉力或压力强度。
实际上,可以在所述的加固件上事先或以后开孔,例如当制造加固件时,在树脂硬化之前,以这样的方式:特别提供一些纤维,使其围绕所需要的孔周围布置。
必须提供以增加外部加固件的附加强度的上述纤维,可以由含纤维的织物,经纱编织织物(warp-knitfabrics)、编织品、羊毛状物制成,它们至少按照偏离该外部加固件的纵向的一个方向布置。
再者,在外部加固件表面可提供一种导电或不导电的毛状物,比如玻璃纤维毛,聚酯毛等。
本发明不限于上述的实施例,此类用于梁、柱等的外部加固件,在不超出本专利范围内可以各种形式或尺寸实现。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于梁、柱、板的预制的外部加固件,该外部加固件能被固定到现有结构上对现有结构进行加固,该外部加固件基本由纤维和树脂复合构成,纤维中的大多数沿加固件的纵向布置,其特征在于,至少在外部加固件轮廓界限分明的部分提供了由纤维形成的附加加固,这些形成附加加固的纤维按照至少一个不同于加固件的纵向的方向布置。
2.如权利要求1所述的外部加固件,其特征在于,根据施加于其上的拉力或压力,其厚度可以局部变化。
3.如权利要求1所述的外部加固件,其特征在于,至少一部分纤维由织物、经纱编织织物、编织品、羊毛状物材料构成。
4.如权利要求1或3所述的外部加固件,其特征在于,纤维至少部分地由玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳族聚酸胺纤维、天然或合成纤维或这些的组合构成。
5.如权利要求1-3之一所述的外部加固件,其特征在于,所用树脂为环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、乙烯基树脂、酚醛树脂、矿物树脂或热塑塑料。
6.如权利要求1-3之一所述的外部加固件,其特征在于,在附加连接之前,于单侧面或双侧面至少局部地提供粘合力差的织物,当去除时,在外部加固件上留下印痕。
CNB018025749A 2000-01-13 2001-01-10 用于梁、柱、板的预制的外部加固件 Expired - Fee Related CN1166844C (zh)

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