CN116675925A - 粘附特性增强的离聚物夹层 - Google Patents
粘附特性增强的离聚物夹层 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116675925A CN116675925A CN202310209404.0A CN202310209404A CN116675925A CN 116675925 A CN116675925 A CN 116675925A CN 202310209404 A CN202310209404 A CN 202310209404A CN 116675925 A CN116675925 A CN 116675925A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- carboxylic acid
- unsaturated carboxylic
- weight
- ethylene
- sodium
- Prior art date
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- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZYAASQNKCWTPKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCN ZYAASQNKCWTPKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明提供了含有指定量的指定硅烷添加剂并且对玻璃的粘附特性增强的钠中和的乙烯酸共聚物离聚物组合物、适合制备这种离聚物组合物的母料组合物、由这种离聚物组合物制成的夹层以及包括这种夹层的玻璃层压件。
Description
本发明专利申请是申请号201880050246.6、申请日2018年7月30日、发明名称“粘附特性增强的离聚物夹层”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及对玻璃具有增强的粘附特性的基于乙烯酸共聚物离聚物组合物的夹层以及包括这类夹层的玻璃层压件。
背景技术
层压玻璃通常是通过将两片玻璃层压在塑料夹层上面制成的。层压玻璃相比实体玻璃板片的一个特别的优点是由于玻璃对夹层板片的粘附而导致的抗撞击性及抗碎性。
在安全玻璃层压件中,夹层对玻璃的最佳粘附是一种平衡。粘附太强会降低层压件在撞击事件期间吸收和消散能量的能力,而粘附太弱会导致光学缺陷(在层压时及随后),并且还会不利地影响夹层在撞击时保留玻璃碎片的能力。
许多不同的材料被用作塑料夹层。例如,含有聚乙烯缩醛(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)和增塑剂的板片被广泛用作层压玻璃的夹层,因为它们对玻璃的粘附特性优异。含有这类夹层的层压玻璃可被制成具有良好的透明性、机械强度、柔性、声阻尼和抗碎性。
至少部分中和的乙烯酸共聚物(离聚物)也被用作制备层压安全玻璃的夹层,例如US3404134、US3344014、US7445683B2、US7763360B2、US7951865B1、US7960017B2、US8399097B2、US8399098B2、US2017/0320297A1、US2018/0117883A1、WO2016/076336A1、WO2016/076337A1、WO2016/076338A1、WO2016/076339A1和WO2016/076340A1中所公开的那样。
虽然可选择离聚物树脂来制作挠曲强度及光学特性优异的夹层,但对玻璃的粘附特性可能不是最佳的。特别地,因为离聚物是经中和的酸共聚物,所以它们的确有产生层压缺陷的倾向,特别是在高湿度的环境中。
例如,当使用离聚物树脂作为浮法玻璃的夹层时,玻璃的“锡面”上的粘附性往往是令人满意的,但玻璃的“对空面”上的粘附性却不令人满意,因此在层压过程期间需要考虑特别的预防措施来适当地定向这类玻璃板片以确保“锡面”与夹层的接触。
已经提出使用底漆和对玻璃及夹层进行其它表面处理以帮助解决粘附问题(参见例如US2016/0159042A1),但这会增加层压过程的成本及复杂性,并且这类表面处理往往导致粘附太强,如前所示,这可能会降低层压件在撞击事件期间吸收和消散能量的能力。
也已经尝试了离聚物树脂改性以及与添加剂混配。例如,增加乙烯酸共聚物的酸水平的确会改善最终离聚物的粘附特性;然而,酸值能增加多少有实际和经济上的限制。添加剂的使用取得的成功也有限。
特别地,已知硅烷在许多不同的树脂体系中是对玻璃的优异粘附促进剂。然而,如US20110105681A1中所公开的那样,通常与离聚物一起且特别是与钠中和的离聚物一起使用硅烷会产生凝胶,并且不能产生能够以令人满意的方式完成板片挤出的熔体流。该特定的公布中确认了仅可与特定类型的锌中和的离聚物结合使用的一窄类含氨基的二烷氧基硅烷。
与US20110105681A1的教导相反,现已发现,某些种类的硅烷可按非常特定的量并在有限的条件下成功且有利地用作钠中和的离聚物的玻璃粘附促进剂,从而能够在制备夹层以及夹层对玻璃的粘附特性增强的玻璃层压件中最佳地使用这类离聚物。
发明内容
本发明通过提供包含(i)离聚物树脂和(ii)粘附促进剂添加剂的紧密混合物的树脂组合物来解决上述问题,其中:
(1)离聚物树脂是钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物;
(2)粘附促进剂添加剂是二烷氧基硅烷化合物;且
(3)基于离聚物树脂的重量,二烷氧基硅烷化合物以百万分之约50至约5000重量份的量存在于树脂组合物中。
在上述树脂组合物的一个实施方案中,二烷氧基硅烷化合物在环境条件下是液体。在另一实施方案中,二烷氧基硅烷化合物基本上均匀地分布在树脂组合物内。在另一实施方案中,树脂组合物是颗粒状树脂组合物,其中离聚物树脂是颗粒状离聚物树脂,且二烷氧基硅烷化合物主要(或基本上)以吸收在离聚物树脂颗粒表面上的方式存在于树脂组合物中。
另一方面,本发明提供包含(i)离聚物树脂的颗粒和(ii)粘附促进剂添加剂的颗粒状母料组合物,其中:
(1)离聚物树脂颗粒的离聚物树脂是钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物;
(2)粘附促进剂添加剂是二烷氧基硅烷化合物;
(3)基于100重量份的离聚物树脂,二烷氧基硅烷化合物以约1至约10重量份范围内的量存在于母料组合物中;且
(4)二烷氧基硅烷化合物主要(或基本上)以吸收在离聚物树脂颗粒表面上的方式存在于母料组合物中。
在上述母料组合物的一个实施方案中,二烷氧基硅烷化合物在环境条件下是液体。在另一实施方案中,二烷氧基硅烷化合物基本上均匀地分布在颗粒状母料组合物内。
另一方面,本发明提供制备树脂组合物的第一种方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(A)提供包含(i)离聚物树脂的颗粒和(ii)粘附促进剂添加剂的母料组合物,其中:
(1)离聚物树脂颗粒的离聚物树脂是第一钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物,
(2)粘附促进剂添加剂是二烷氧基硅烷化合物,
(3)基于100重量份的离聚物树脂,二烷氧基硅烷化合物以约1至约10重量份范围内的量存在于母料组合物中,且
(4)二烷氧基硅烷主要(或基本上)以吸收在所述离聚物树脂颗粒表面上的方式存在;并且
(B)将母料组合物与一定量的第二钠中和的乙烯-α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物混合,得到基于离聚物树脂的总重量而言所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物的浓度为百万分之约50至约5000重量份的紧密混合物。
第一和第二钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物可相同或不同。
在上述方法的一个实施方案中,二烷氧基硅烷化合物在环境条件下是液体。在另一实施方案中,二烷氧基硅烷化合物基本上均匀地分布在树脂组合物内。在另一实施方案中,混合步骤是熔融共混步骤。在另一实施方案中,第二钠中和的乙烯-α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物是颗粒物,在对第一和第二钠中和的乙烯-α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物均为非软化的条件下进行混合步骤,并且树脂组合物是颗粒状树脂组合物。
另一方面,本发明提供制备颗粒状树脂组合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(A)提供(i)具有表面的离聚物树脂的颗粒和(ii)粘附促进剂添加剂,其中(1)离聚物树脂颗粒的离聚物树脂是钠中和的乙烯-α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物,且(2)粘附促进剂添加剂是二烷氧基硅烷化合物,并且
(B)在对离聚物树脂为非软化的条件下将颗粒与粘附促进剂添加剂物理混合,产生二烷氧基硅烷化合物主要(或基本上)以吸收在离聚物树脂颗粒表面上的方式存在的颗粒;
其中二烷氧基硅烷化合物以导致基于离聚物树脂的总重量而言在树脂组合物中的浓度为百万分之约50至约5000重量份的量提供。
在上述方法的一个实施方案中,二烷氧基硅烷化合物在环境条件下是液体。在另一实施方案中,二烷氧基硅烷化合物基本上均匀地分布在颗粒状树脂组合物内。
在所有上述组合物和方法的一个实施方案中,二烷氧基硅烷化合物除了两个烷氧基硅烷基团以外还含有羧酸反应性基团。在一个实施方案中,羧酸反应性基团是氨基或缩水甘油基。
另一方面,本发明提供通过如下方式制备离聚物树脂的板片的方法,即在剪切条件下熔融共混上述颗粒状树脂组合物之一以产生熔融共混物,然后通过模具将熔融共混物挤出成板片形式,然后将板片形式冷却以固化树脂。在一个实施方案中,板片具有顶面和底面,并且在固化之前板片在顶面和底面之一或两者上有压印图案。
在其它方面,本发明提供这种树脂组合物的夹层板片以及由这种夹层板片制成的玻璃层压件,例如包括两块玻璃板片,其间插有根据本发明的夹层。
在一个实施方案中,夹层板片包括:包含钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的层,其中当将夹层板片在34℃和50%相对湿度下预处理(如实施例中所述),并将钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层粘附于具有对空面和锡面的浮法玻璃板片的对空面时,粘附于浮法玻璃板片的对空面的钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层的剥离粘附力为至少约20N/cm(如实施例中所述在23℃和50%RH下测量)。
在另一实施方案中,夹层板片包括:包含钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的层,其中当将夹层板片在34℃和50%相对湿度下预处理(如实施例中所述),并将钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层粘附于具有对空面和锡面的浮法玻璃板片的对空面时,粘附于浮法玻璃板片的对空面的钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层的剥离粘附力在湿态条件下为至少约0.5或至少约1N/cm(如实施例中所述测量)。
在另一实施方案中,夹层板片包括:包含钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的层,其中当将夹层板片在34℃和50%相对湿度下预处理(如实施例中所述),并将钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层粘附于具有对空面和锡面的浮法玻璃板片时,钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层当粘附于浮法玻璃板片的对空面时的剥离粘附力(i)大于约5N/cm(如实施例中所述在23℃和50% RH下测量)或大于约10N/cm(如实施例中所述在23℃和50% RH下测量),并且(ii)大于当粘附于浮法玻璃板片的锡面时的剥离粘附力(如实施例中所述在23℃和50% RH下测量)。
通过阅读以下详细描述,本领域的普通技术人员将更容易理解本发明的这些及其它实施方案、特征和优点。
尤其地,本发明涉及以下方面:
第1项.一种树脂组合物,其包含(i)离聚物树脂和(ii)粘附促进剂添加剂的紧密混合物,其特征在于:
(a)所述离聚物树脂是钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物;
(b)所述粘附促进剂添加剂是二烷氧基硅烷化合物;且
(c)基于所述离聚物树脂的重量,所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物以百万分之50至5000重量份范围内的量存在于所述树脂组合物中。
第2项.如第1项所述的树脂组合物,其特征在于所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物在环境温度下是液体。
第3项.如第1项或第2项所述的树脂组合物,其特征在于所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物基本上均匀地分布在所述树脂组合物内。
第4项.如第1-3项中任一项所述的树脂组合物,其特征在于所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物的烷氧基中的每一个单独地含有1至3个碳原子,和/或除了所述烷氧基以外,所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物还含有用于键合到所述离聚物树脂当中的活性化学基团。
第5项.如第4项所述的树脂组合物,其特征在于所述活性化学基团选自氨基和缩水甘油基。
第6项.如第1项所述的树脂组合物,其特征在于所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物选自N-β-(氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷和3-缩水甘油氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷。
第7项.如第1-6项中任一项所述的树脂组合物,其中所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物包含衍生自乙烯的组成单元和衍生自α,β-不饱和羧酸的组成单元,其中衍生自所述α,β-不饱和羧酸的组成单元的至少一部分被抗衡离子中和,且其中所述抗衡离子基本上由钠阳离子组成。
第8项.如第1项所述的树脂组合物,其特征在于:
(A)所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物是基本上由以下共聚单元组成的二元共聚物:
(i)乙烯,和
(ii)10重量%至30重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸,
其中所述共聚单元的重量百分比是基于所述乙烯酸共聚物的总重量,且所述共聚单元的重量百分比之和为100重量%,且其中所述α,β-不饱和羧酸的羧酸基团的至少一部分被中和以形成包含具有钠抗衡离子的羧酸根基团的离聚物;
或者
(B)所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物是基本上由以下共聚单元组成的三元共聚物:
(i)乙烯,
(ii)10重量%至30重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸,
(iii)2重量%至15重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸酯,和
(iv)任选除(iii)以外的α,β-不饱和羧酸的衍生物,其量使得(iii)+(iv)为15重量%或更少,
其中所述共聚单元的重量百分比是基于所述乙烯酸共聚物的总重量,且所述共聚单元的重量百分比之和为100重量%,且其中所述α,β-不饱和羧酸的羧酸基团的至少一部分被中和以形成包含具有钠抗衡离子的羧酸根基团的离聚物。
第10项.一种颗粒状母料组合物,其包含(i)离聚物树脂的颗粒和(ii)粘附促进剂添加剂,其特征在于:
(a)所述离聚物树脂颗粒的离聚物树脂是钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物;
(b)所述粘附促进剂添加剂是二烷氧基硅烷化合物;
(c)基于100重量份的所述离聚物树脂,所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物以1至10重量份范围内的量存在于所述母料组合物中;且
(d)所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物主要以吸收在所述离聚物树脂颗粒表面上的方式存在于所述母料组合物中。
第11项.如第10项所述的母料组合物,其特征在于所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物的烷氧基中的每一个单独地含有1至3个碳原子,和/或除了所述烷氧基以外,所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物还含有用于键合到所述离聚物树脂当中的活性化学基团。
第12项.如第11项所述的母料组合物,其特征在于所述活性化学基团选自氨基和缩水甘油基。
第13项.如第10项所述的母料组合物,其特征在于所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物选自N-β-(氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷和3-缩水甘油氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷。
第14项.如第10-13项中任一项所述的母料组合物,其特征在于所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物包含衍生自乙烯的组成单元和衍生自α,β-不饱和羧酸的组成单元,其中衍生自所述α,β-不饱和羧酸的组成单元的至少一部分被抗衡离子中和,且其中所述抗衡离子基本上由钠阳离子组成。
第15项.如第14项所述的母料组合物,其特征在于:
(A)所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物是基本上由以下共聚单元组成的二元共聚物:
(i)乙烯,和
(ii)10重量%至30重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸,
其中所述共聚单元的重量百分比是基于所述乙烯酸共聚物的总重量,且所述共聚单元的重量百分比之和为100重量%,且其中所述α,β-不饱和羧酸的羧酸基团的至少一部分被中和以形成包含具有钠抗衡离子的羧酸根基团的离聚物;
或者
(B)所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物是基本上由以下共聚单元组成的三元共聚物:
(i)乙烯,
(ii)10重量%至30重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸,
(iii)2重量%至15重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸酯,和
(iv)任选除(iii)以外的α,β-不饱和羧酸的衍生物,其量使得(iii)+(iv)为15重量%或更少,
其中所述共聚单元的重量百分比是基于所述乙烯酸共聚物的总重量,且所述共聚单元的重量百分比之和为100重量%,且其中所述α,β-不饱和羧酸的羧酸基团的至少一部分被中和以形成包含具有钠抗衡离子的羧酸根基团的离聚物。
第16项.一种制备树脂组合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(A)提供如第10-15项中任一项所述的母料组合物;并且
(B)将所述母料组合物与一定量的第二钠中和的乙烯-α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物混合,得到基于离聚物树脂的总重量而言所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物的浓度为百万分之50至5000重量份的紧密混合物。
第17项.一种夹层板片,其包括:包含钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的层,其特征在于:
(A)当将所述夹层板片在34℃和50%相对湿度下预处理,并将所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层粘附于具有对空面和锡面的浮法玻璃板片的所述对空面时,粘附于所述浮法玻璃板片的所述对空面的所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层的剥离粘附力为至少约20N/cm(在23℃和50% RH下测量);和/或
(B)当将所述夹层板片在34℃和50%相对湿度下预处理,并将所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层粘附于具有对空面和锡面的浮法玻璃板片的所述对空面时,粘附于所述浮法玻璃板片的所述对空面的所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层的剥离粘附力为至少约0.5(在湿态条件下);和/或
(C)当将所述夹层板片在34℃和50%相对湿度下预处理,并将所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层粘附于具有对空面和锡面的浮法玻璃板片时,所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层当粘附于所述浮法玻璃板片的所述对空面时的剥离粘附力(i)大于约5N/cm(在23℃和50% RH下测量),并且(ii)大于当粘附于所述浮法玻璃板片的所述锡面时的剥离粘附力(在23℃和50% RH下测量)。
本发明涉及树脂组合物、母料组合物、使用这种母料组合物制备的树脂组合物、由这种树脂组合物制备的夹层以及含有这种夹层的玻璃层压件。下面提供进一步的细节。
在本说明书的上下文中,如果没有另外指出的话,本文提到的所有出版物、专利申请、专利及其它参考文献都出于所有的目的以全文引用的方式并入本文,如同全面叙述一般。
除另有定义外,本文使用的所有技术及科学术语具有与本公开所属领域的普通技术人员通常所理解相同的含义。如有冲突,以本说明书(包括定义)为准。
除明确注明外,商标均以大写字母显示。
除另有说明外,所有百分比、份数、比率等均以重量计。
除另有说明外,以psi单位表示的压力是表压,且以kPa单位表示的压力是绝对压力。然而,压差表示为绝对压差(例如,压力1比压力2高25psi)。
当以范围或上限和下限值列表给出量、浓度或其它值或参数时,这应被理解为具体公开了由任意对的任何上限及下限范围界限形成的所有范围,而不管范围是否被单独公开。在本文列举数值范围的情况下,除另有说明外,该范围旨在包括其端点,以及该范围内的所有整数和分数。当限定范围时,并不旨在将本公开的范围局限于列举的具体值。
当使用术语“约”时,其用于表示可在一定公差范围内获得某种效果或结果,并且本领域技术人员知道如何获得该公差。当术语“约”用于描述值或范围的端点时,公开内容应被理解为包括所指的具体值或端点。
如本文所用,术语“包含(comprises/comprising)”、“包括(includes/including)”、“具有(has/having)”或其任何其它变化形式旨在涵盖非排他性的包含。例如,包括一系列要素的过程、方法、制品或装置不一定仅限于那些要素,而是可以包括未明确列出的或者这种过程、方法、制品或装置固有的其它要素。
过渡短语“由…组成”排除了权利要求中未指定的任何要素、步骤或成分,从而将权利要求限定为不包含所列举以外的物质,但通常与之相关的杂质除外。当短语“由…组成”出现在权利要求主体的子句中而不是紧接着前序部分时,其仅限制该子句中列出的要素;其它要素不被排除在权利要求整体之外。
过渡短语“基本上由…组成”将权利要求的范围封闭为指定的物质或步骤以及不实质上影响要求保护的发明的基本和新颖特征的物质或步骤。“基本上由…组成”的权利要求介于以“由…组成”格式书写的封闭式权利要求与以“包含”格式撰写的完全开放式权利要求之间。如本文所定义的任选添加剂(以对于这类添加剂适当的水平)以及少量的杂质并不被术语“基本上由…组成”排除在组合物之外。
进一步地,除明确有相反的说明外,“或”和“和/或”是指包括性而不是排他性的。例如,以下中的任一者均满足条件A或B或者A和/或B:A真(或存在)且B假(或不存在),A假(或不存在)且B真(或存在),以及A和B都真(或存在)。
使用“一个(种)”来描述本文的各种要素和组分仅仅是为了方便并给出公开内容的一般性含义。这种描述应被解读为包括一个(种)或至少一个(种),并且单数也包括复数,除非明显另有它意。
除本文另有定义外,如本文所用的术语“主要部分”或“主要”意指大于所提到的物质的50%。如果未指定,则当提到分子(如氢和乙烯)时,百分比是以摩尔计,否则以重量计(如对于添加剂含量)。
除另有定义外,如本文所用的术语“很大一部分”或“基本上”意指如本领域普通技术人员在所使用的语境中所理解的所有或几乎所有或绝大多数。其旨在考虑到与100%的合理差异,这在工业规模或商业规模的情况下通常会发生。
术语“耗尽”或“减少”是与最初存在相比减少的同义词。例如,从料流中移除很大一部分物质将产生物质耗尽的料流,其基本上耗尽了该物质。相反,术语“富集”或“增加”是大于最初存在的同义词。
如本文所用,术语“共聚物”是指包含由两种或更多种共聚单体共聚产生的共聚单元的聚合物。关于这一点,本文中可参考共聚物的组成共聚单体或共聚物的组成共聚单体的量来描述共聚物,例如“包含乙烯和15重量%丙烯酸的共聚物”或类似的描述。这种描述可以被认为是非正式的,因为其没有将共聚单体称为共聚单元;因为其不包括共聚物的常规命名法,例如国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)命名法;因为其未采用按方法定义产品(product-by-process)的术语;或者因为别的原因。然而,如本文所用,参考共聚物的组成共聚单体或共聚物的组成共聚单体的量来描述共聚物意指该共聚物含有指定共聚单体的共聚单元(当指定时以指定的量)。由此推论,共聚物不是含有给定量的给定共聚单体的反应混合物的产物,除非在有限的情况下明确指出是这样。
术语“二元共聚物”是指基本上由两种单体组成的聚合物,且术语“三元共聚物”是指包含至少三种单体的聚合物。
如本文所用的术语“酸共聚物”是指包含α-烯烃、α,β-烯属不饱和羧酸和任选其它合适共聚单体举例如α,β-烯属不饱和羧酸酯的共聚单元的共聚物。
如本文单独或以组合形式使用的术语“(甲基)丙烯酸”如“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”是指丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸,例如“丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸”或者“丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯”。
如本文所用的术语“离聚物”通常是指包含离子基团的聚合物,所述离子基团是羧酸盐,例如羧酸铵、碱金属羧酸盐、碱土羧酸盐、过渡金属羧酸盐和/或这类羧酸盐的组合。一般通过如下方式制备这类聚合物,即例如通过与碱反应部分或完全地中和作为如本文所定义的酸共聚物的前体或母体聚合物的羧酸基团。如本文所用的碱金属离聚物是钠离聚物,例如乙烯和甲基丙烯酸的共聚物,其中共聚甲基丙烯酸单元的所有或一部分羧酸基团被中和,并且基本上所有被中和的羧酸基团都呈羧酸钠的形式。
为了方便起见,单独地讨论本发明的许多要素,可提供选项列表,并且数值可以在范围内;然而,出于本公开的目的,对于任何这类单独的组分、列表项或范围的任意组合的任何权利要求,这不应被认为是对本公开的范围的限制或对本公开的支持。除另有说明外,本公开可能的每一种组合都应被认为是出于所有的目的明确公开的。
虽然与本文所述类似或等同的方法和物质可用于实践或测试本公开的内容,但本文描述合适的方法和物质。因此本文的物质、方法和实施例仅是说明性的,并且除特别说明外,并不旨在为限制性的。
离聚物
根据本发明,所述离聚物树脂是钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物,其包括具有衍生自乙烯的组成单元、衍生自α,β-不饱和羧酸的组成单元和任选如下所述的其它组成单元的树脂,其中衍生自α,β-不饱和羧酸的组成单元的至少一部分被钠离子中和。
在用作基础聚合物的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物中,衍生自α,β-不饱和羧酸的组成单元的含量比例通常为2质量%或更多或者5质量%或更多(基于总的共聚物质量)。此外,衍生自α,β-不饱和羧酸的组成单元的含量比例通常为30质量%或更少(基于总的共聚物质量)。
组成离聚物的α,β-不饱和羧酸的实例包括但不限于丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、马来酸、富马酸及其两种或更多种的混合物。在一个实施方案中,α,β-烯属不饱和羧酸选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸及其混合物。在另一实施方案中,α,β-烯属不饱和羧酸是甲基丙烯酸。
乙烯酸共聚物可进一步包含一种或多种另外的共聚单体的共聚单元,如α,β-烯属不饱和羧酸酯。当存在时,通常使用具有3至10个或3至8个碳的烷基酯。不饱和羧酸的合适酯的具体实例包括但不限于丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸辛酯、甲基丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸十一烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸十一烷基酯、丙烯酸十八烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯、丙烯酸十二烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸十二烷基酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、马来酸二甲酯、马来酸二乙酯、马来酸二丁酯、富马酸二甲酯、富马酸二乙酯、富马酸二丁酯、富马酸二甲酯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯及其两种或更多种的混合物。在一个实施方案中,另外的共聚单体选自丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、乙酸乙烯酯及其两种或更多种的混合物。在另一实施方案中,另外的共聚单体是丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯和甲基丙烯酸异丁酯中的一者或多者。在另一实施方案中,另外的共聚单体是丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯酸异丁酯中的一者或两者。
根据ASTM方法D1238-89在190℃和2.16kg下测定,合适的乙烯酸共聚物的熔体流动速率(MFR)为约1或约2至约4000g/10分钟或至1000g/10分钟或至约400g/10分钟。
最后,可如例如US3404134、US5028674、US6500888B2、US6518365B1、US8334033B2和US8399096B2中所述的那样合成合适的乙烯酸共聚物。在一个实施方案中,采用US8399096B2中所述的方法,并且在反应混合物中存在足够高水平且为补充量的第二α,β-烯属不饱和羧酸的衍生物。
为获得离聚物,通过与一种或多种碱反应将乙烯酸共聚物部分中和。US3404134和US 6518365B1中描述了中和乙烯酸共聚物的合适程序的实例。中和后,乙烯酸共聚物中存在的羧酸基团的氢原子的约1%或约10%或约15%或约20%至约90%或至约60%或至约55%或至约30%被其它阳离子置换。换句话说,乙烯酸共聚物中存在的羧酸基团的总含量的约1%或约10%或约15%或约20%至约90%或至约60%或至约55%或至约30%被中和。在另一种替代表达中,基于乙烯酸共聚物中存在的羧酸基团的总含量,按对于未中和的乙烯酸共聚物进行计算或测量,酸基团被中和到约1%或约10%或约15%或约20%至约90%或至约60%或至约55%或至约30%的水平。可根据具体的最终用途调整中和水平。
离聚物中的羧酸根阴离子的抗衡离子是钠阳离子。虽然本发明中使用的离聚物是钠中和的离聚物,但可以存在少量的除钠阳离子以外的抗衡离子,其量基于离聚物中的羧酸根基团的总当量少于5当量%或少于3当量%或少于2当量%或少于1当量%。在一个实施方案中,抗衡离子基本上是钠离子。
除钠以外的合适阳离子包括在合成、处理及使用离聚物组合物的条件下稳定的任何带正电荷的物质。可以按两种或更多种组合的方式使用合适的阳离子。通常,这类其它的阳离子是金属阳离子,其可以是一价、二价、三价或多价的。一价金属阳离子包括但不限于钾、锂、银、汞、铜等的阳离子。二价金属阳离子包括但不限于铍、镁、钙、锶、钡、铜、镉、汞、锡、铅、铁、钴、镍、锌等的阳离子。三价金属阳离子包括但不限于铝、钪、铁、钇等的阳离子。多价金属阳离子包括但不限于钛、锆、铪、钒、钽、钨、铬、铈、铁等的阳离子。当金属阳离子为多价时,如US3404134中所述,可以包括络合剂,如硬脂酸根、油酸根、水杨酸根和酚根基团。通常,当存在时,所使用的金属阳离子是一价或二价金属阳离子,如锂、镁、锌、钾以及这些金属阳离子中的一者或多者的组合。
在一个实施方案中,除钠以外的抗衡离子以不超过“污染物”的量存在,正如通常会在工业情况下发现的那样,正如相关领域的普通技术人员公认的那样。
根据ASTM方法D1238-89在190℃和2.16kg下测定,所得钠中和的乙烯酸共聚物的熔融指数低于相应乙烯酸共聚物的熔融指数。离聚物的熔融指数取决于许多因素,包括乙烯酸共聚物的熔融指数、共聚酸的量、中和水平、阳离子的特性(identity)及其化合价。此外,离聚物熔融指数的期望值可由其预期的最终用途决定。然而,根据ASTM方法D1238-89在190℃和2.16kg下测定,离聚物的熔融指数通常为约1000g/10分钟或更低或约750g/10分钟或更低或约500g/10分钟或更低或约250g/10分钟或更低或约100g/10分钟或更低或约50g/10分钟或更低或约25g/10分钟或更低或约20g/10分钟或更低或约10g/10分钟或更低或约7.5g/10分钟或更低。
在一个实施方案中,离聚物是至少部分钠中和的乙烯酸二元共聚物,其包含以下的共聚单元(基本上由以下的共聚单元组成):
(i)乙烯,和
(ii)约10重量%或约15重量%或约18重量%或约20重量%至约30重量%或至约25重量%或至约23重量%或至约22重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸。
其中共聚单元的重量百分比是基于乙烯酸共聚物的总重量,且共聚单元的重量百分比之和为100重量%,且其中α,β-不饱和羧酸的羧酸基团的至少一部分被中和以形成包含具有钠抗衡离子的羧酸根基团的离聚物。
在一个实施方案中,离聚物是至少部分钠中和的乙烯酸三元共聚物,其包含以下的共聚单元:
(i)乙烯,
(ii)约10重量%或约15重量%或约18重量%或约20重量%至约30重量%或至约25重量%或至约23重量%或至约22重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸,
(iii)约2重量%或约3重量%或约4重量%或约5重量%至约15重量%或至约12重量%或至约11重量%或至约10重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸酯,和
(iv)任选除(iii)以外的α,β-不饱和羧酸的衍生物,其量使得(iii)+(iv)为约15重量%或更少或约12重量%或更少或约11重量%或更少,
其中共聚单元的重量百分比是基于乙烯酸共聚物的总重量,且共聚单元的重量百分比之和为100重量%,且其中α,β-不饱和羧酸的羧酸基团的至少一部分被中和以形成包含具有钠抗衡离子的羧酸根基团的离聚物。
WO2015/199750A1、WO2014/100313A1和US2017/0320297A1中一般性地公开了这类三元共聚物离聚物。
在如上所述的二元共聚物或三元共聚物的一个实施方案中,α,β-不饱和羧酸是甲基丙烯酸。
在如上所述的三元共聚物的一个实施方案中,α,β-不饱和羧酸酯是丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯或其混合物。
在上述三元共聚物的一个实施方案中,共聚物基本上由(i)、(ii)和(iii)的共聚单元组成。
硅烷
根据本发明适合使用的硅烷是二烷氧基硅烷。不受理论的束缚,据信硅烷的水解硅烷醇部分可与玻璃表面(硅烷醇)形成粘附结合,从而增强聚合物与玻璃表面之间的界面处的粘附力。然后硅烷分子的剩余部分应以某种方式并在某种程度上与周围的离聚物树脂“基质”“锚固”。实现这一点的一种方式是选择官能团,选择的官能团将以有利的方式相互作用,以使硅烷以化学方式或通过离子键或氢键或足够的范德华力键合,或者具有在空间上能在夹层与玻璃表面之间“桥接”的大小和形状,从而在没有有利的硅烷添加剂的情况下增加在同一夹层之上的粘附力。
在一个实施方案中,烷氧基中的每一个单独地含有1至3个碳原子。合适的实例包括二乙氧基二甲基硅烷、二乙氧基(甲基)乙烯基硅烷、1,3-二乙氧基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、二甲氧基二甲基硅烷、二甲氧基甲基乙烯基硅烷、甲基二乙氧基硅烷、二异丙基二甲氧基硅烷、二环戊基二甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基-N-环己基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-苯基-3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-苯基-3-氨基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、N-β-(氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷和3-缩水甘油氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷。
在另一实施方案中,除了烷氧基以外,硅烷还含有用于键合到离聚物树脂基质当中的“活性”化学基团,例如羧酸反应性基团,如氨基或缩水甘油基。合适的实例包括γ-氨基丙基-N-环己基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-苯基-3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-苯基-3-氨基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、N-β-(氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷和3-缩水甘油氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷。
可取的是,硅烷在环境条件下(例如,在20℃下)是液体。具体的这类实例包括N-β-(氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(CAS#3069-29-2)和3-缩水甘油氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷(CAS#2897-60-1)。
另外的粘附调节剂
除了使用硅烷以外,如果需要的话,还可以进一步控制夹层对玻璃等的粘附力。
例如,也可使用含有反应性官能团的烯烃聚合物(下文称含有羧酸基团的烯烃聚合物)作为粘附调节剂,其中所述官能团是至少一个选自羧基及羧基的衍生基团的基团(下文称羧酸基团)。US7989083B2中例如公开了合适的含有羧酸基团的烯烃聚合物。
虽然为了保持足够的层压件完整性(例如防止脱层缺陷)和玻璃在破裂后状态下的充分保留力,临界最低粘附水平是必要的,但可以刻意地优化或调整所得层压件的撞击性能。虽然粘附调节剂的最佳添加量(累积)随所使用的添加剂和要调节粘附力的树脂而变化,但优选的调整方式是,通常将所得层压件对玻璃的粘附力调整至在击打测试(WO03/033583A1等中描述)中为约3或更大以及约10或更小。特别地,在要求高穿透阻力的情况下,粘附调节剂的添加量的更优选的调整方式是,粘附力为约3或更大以及约6或更小,而在要求高玻璃防碎特性的情况下,粘附调节剂的添加量的更优选的调整方式是,粘附力为约7或更大以及约10或更小。
其它添加剂
除了前述硅烷以及其它粘附调节剂以外,本发明的树脂组合物和母料还可含有一种或多种其它添加剂,包括例如抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、防粘连剂、颜料、染料、隔热材料(红外线吸收剂)等或其混合物。这类其它添加剂在一般意义上是相关领域的普通技术人员熟知的。
抗氧化剂的实例包括基于酚的抗氧化剂、基于磷的抗氧化剂、基于硫的抗氧化剂等。这些当中,基于酚的抗氧化剂是优选的,且基于烷基取代的酚的抗氧化剂是特别优选的。
基于酚的抗氧化剂的实例包括基于丙烯酸酯的化合物,如丙烯酸2-叔丁基-6-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-4-甲基苯基酯和丙烯酸2,4-二叔戊基-6-(1-(3,5-二叔戊基-2-羟基苯基)乙基)苯基酯;基于烷基取代的酚的化合物,如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、十八烷基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯、2,2'-亚甲基-双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4'-亚丁基-双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4'-亚丁基-双(6-叔丁基-间甲酚)、4,4'-硫代双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、双(3-环己基-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)甲烷、3,9-双(2-(3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酰氧基)-1,1-二甲基乙基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷、1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、四(亚甲基-3-(3',5'-二叔丁基-4'-羟基苯基)丙酸酯)甲烷和三乙二醇双(3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯);含有三嗪基团的基于酚的化合物,如1,3,5-三(2,6-二甲基-3-羟基-4-叔丁基苄基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、6-(4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯胺基)-2,4-双-辛基硫代-1,3,5-三嗪、6-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯胺基)-2,4-双-辛基硫代-1,3,5-三嗪、6-(4-羟基-3-甲基-5-叔丁基苯胺基)-2,4-双-辛基硫代-1,3,5-三嗪和2-辛基硫代-4,6-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-氧基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪;等等。
基于磷的抗氧化剂的实例包括基于单亚磷酸酯的化合物,如亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基异癸基酯、亚磷酸苯基二异癸基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三(二壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三(2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基)酯、亚磷酸三(环己基苯基)酯、亚磷酸2,2-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)辛基酯、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、10-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物和10-癸氧基-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲;基于二亚磷酸酯的化合物,如4,4'-亚丁基-双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯基-二-十三烷基亚磷酸酯)、4,4'-亚异丙基-双(苯基-二烷基(C12-C15)亚磷酸酯)、4,4'-亚异丙基-双(二苯基单烷基(C12-C15)亚磷酸酯)1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-二-十三烷基亚磷酸酯-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷和四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)-4,4'-亚联苯基亚磷酸酯;等等。这些当中,基于单亚磷酸酯的化合物是优选的。
基于硫的抗氧化剂的实例包括3,3'-硫代二丙酸二月桂基酯、3,3-硫代二丙酸二硬脂基酯、3,3'-硫代二丙酸月桂基硬脂基酯、季戊四醇-四-(β-月桂基-硫代丙酸酯)、3,9-双(2-十二烷基硫代乙基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷等。
这些抗氧化剂可单独使用或以其两种或更多种的组合形式使用。在最终树脂组合物中,基于100重量份离聚物树脂,使用的抗氧化剂通常为约0.001重量份或更多,或者约0.01重量份或更多。此外,基于100重量份离聚物树脂,使用的抗氧化剂的量通常为约5重量份或更少,或者约1重量份或更少。在母料组合物中,[添加数字]。
紫外线吸收剂的实例包括基于苯并三唑的紫外线吸收剂,如2-(5-甲基-2-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-[2-羟基-3,5-双(α,α'-二甲基苄基)苯基]-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3,5-二叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑和2-(3,5-二叔戊基-2-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2'-羟基-5'-叔辛基苯基)三唑;基于受阻胺的紫外线吸收剂,如苯甲酸2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基酯、癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-2-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2-正丁酯和4-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰氧基)-1-(2-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰氧基)乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶;基于苯甲酸酯的紫外线吸收剂,如2,4-二叔丁基苯基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯和十六烷基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯;等等。
这些紫外线吸收剂可单独使用或以其两种或更多种的组合形式使用。在最终树脂组合物中,基于离聚物树脂的重量,使用的紫外线吸收剂的量通常为按重量计约10ppm或更多,或者按重量计约100ppm或更多。此外,基于离聚物树脂的重量,使用的紫外线吸收剂的量通常为约50,000ppm或更少,或者约10,000ppm或更少。
在一些实施方案中,也可以组合使用两种或更多种类型的UV吸收剂。
在其它实施方案中,不添加UV吸收剂,或者层压件基本上不含UV吸收剂添加剂。
光稳定剂的实例包括基于受阻胺的物质,如由Adeka公司生产的“ADEKA STAB LA-57”(商品名)和由Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc生产的“TINUVIN 622”(商品名)。
当通过将隔热细颗粒或隔热化合物作为隔热物质结合到本发明的夹层当中以对层压件赋予隔热功能而制备层压玻璃时,可将1,500nm波长下的透射率调节到约50%或更小,或者可将TDS值(根据ISO 13837:2008计算)调节到小于约43%。
隔热细颗粒的实例包括金属掺杂的氧化铟,如锡掺杂的氧化铟(ITO);金属掺杂的氧化锡,如锑掺杂的氧化锡(ATO);金属掺杂的氧化锌,如铝掺杂的氧化锌(AZO);由通式MmWOn(M表示金属元素;m是约0.01或更大以及约1.0或更小;且n是约2.2或更大以及约3.0或更小)表示的金属元素复合钨氧化物;锑酸锌(ZnSb2O5);六硼化镧等。这些当中,ITO、ATO和金属元素复合钨氧化物是优选的,并且金属元素复合钨氧化物是更优选的。金属元素复合钨氧化物中由M表示的金属元素的实例包括Cs、Tl、Rb、Na、K等,并且特别地,Cs是优选的。从隔热特性的角度出发,m优选为约0.2或更大或者约0.3或更大,并且优选为约0.5或更小或者约0.4或更小。
从最终层压件的透明度的角度出发,隔热细颗粒的平均粒径优选为约100nm或更小或者约50nm或更小。要注意的是,本文所指的隔热颗粒的平均粒径意指通过激光衍射仪器测量的粒径。
在最终树脂组合物中,相对于离聚物树脂的重量,隔热细颗粒的含量优选为约0.01重量%或更多,或者约0.05重量%或更多,或者约0.1重量%或更多,或者约0.2重量%或更多。此外,隔热细颗粒的含量优选为约5重量%或更少或者约3重量%或更少。
隔热化合物的实例包括酞菁化合物、萘酞菁化合物等。从进一步改善隔热特性的角度出发,优选隔热化合物含有金属。金属的实例包括Na、K、Li、Cu、Zn、Fe、Co、Ni、Ru、Rh、Pd、Pt、Mn、Sn、V、Ca、Al等,Ni是特别优选的。
基于离聚物树脂的重量,隔热化合物的含量优选为约0.001重量%或更多,或者约0.005重量%或更多,或者约0.01重量%或更多。此外,隔热化合物的含量优选为约1重量%或更少或者约0.5重量%或更少。
树脂组合物的制备
可通过如下方式将本发明的树脂组合物制备为熔融共混物,即将各种成分进料到挤出机中,并在离聚物树脂的熔融条件下使组分密切混合,以产生基本上均匀的混合物,该混合物可例如通过熔融挤出或模制最终成形为最终形状。
如相关领域的普通技术人员公认的那样,在熔融共混中,必须要注意确保混合足够强烈,以将硅烷共混到单体树脂当中达到足够的均匀程度。通常是通过在挤出机中造成足够的剪切和停留时间来借助挤出混配进行这种高程度混合。还必须小心地避免不良反应、混配期间硅烷的局部高浓度、硅烷及聚合物树脂由于高温所致的分解。可通过选择恰当的工艺设备和优化的工艺条件来避免形成脱色的树脂、凝胶或降解产物(例如黑色斑点)。
例如,众所周知的是,硅烷的水解程度将会随着过度暴露于水分和时间的延长而提高,这可能需要进一步考虑控制接触外来水分。可能有必要用干燥的空气或氮气进行覆盖,例如以保持所需的最低硅烷水解程度。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,通过如下方式制备树脂组合物,即提供具有高浓度硅烷的第一种离聚物树脂的母料,然后通过添加到相同的离聚物树脂和/或第二离聚物树脂中来稀释母料,得到所需硅烷最终浓度的组合物。
在根据本发明的母料组合物的一个实施方案中,其是包含吸收在离聚物树脂的颗粒表面上的硅烷添加剂的颗粒状母料组合物,其中基于100重量份的离聚物树脂,二烷氧基硅烷化合物以约1或约2.5或约5至约10或至约8重量份范围内的量存在于母料组合物中。
可取的是,所述硅烷是液体,并且可通过在对离聚物树脂为非软化的条件下将离聚物树脂颗粒和液体硅烷物理混合来制备此母料组合物,换言之,其中离聚物树脂不会融化或软化到显著团聚或以其它方式失去其原始的颗粒物形式的程度。在这种情况下,硅烷在反应或分解最少的情况下吸收在颗粒表面上。
用于制备母料组合物的合适尺寸的离聚物树脂颗粒基本上在约0.1mm或约0.2mm至约5mm或至约4mm或至约2mm或至约1mm的尺寸范围内。可通过具有载物台测微计的光学显微镜来测量这类颗粒。可使用分格0.01mm的1mm载物台测微计测量最大1mm的颗粒。可使用分格0.05mm的25mm载物台测微计测量大于1mm的颗粒。对于直径或者在长方形或不规则形状的颗粒的情况下,可测量从树脂中随机挑选的20个颗粒的最大尺寸,并使用20个颗粒的平均值来表征总体粒度。
在一个实施方案中,例如通过低温研磨将用于制备母料的颗粒从标称颗粒度开始减小。例如,低温研磨可用于将离聚物树脂粒从约4mm直径的标称平均粒度减小到约0.1mm至约0.5mm粒度范围内的大致平均粒度。以这种方式减小粒度相对于颗粒重量增加了颗粒表面积。另外,这些颗粒在碾磨过程期间破裂,并且形状不规则,与名义上的球形离聚物树脂粒形状相比,这可相对于颗粒重量进一步增加表面积。低温研磨方法通常是相关领域的普通技术人员熟知的,并且通常涉及先于研磨/碾磨过程使用液氮来冷冻粒料。一旦冷却,使粒料通过机械磨机进行处理。使用液氮冷冻粒料使得能够更有效地减小尺寸而没有过热(undo heating)和聚合物降解。
也可通过其它常规方式制备这些离聚物树脂颗粒,例如借助水下熔融切割(例如,平均直径约0.5至约1.5mm的“微粒料”)或相关领域的普通技术人员熟知的其它方法。
或者,可通过混合如上的颗粒状离聚物树脂和硅烷添加剂(在树脂颗粒的表面上吸收硅烷添加剂)来直接制备颗粒状树脂组合物,但以得到组分的最终浓度的量进行混合。
基于离聚物树脂的重量,硅烷添加剂以百万分之约50或约100或约250或约500或约750至约5000或至约4000或至约2000或至约1500或至约1250重量份的量存在于最终树脂组合物中。
如果存在另外的添加剂的话,可将其作为母料的一部分进行混合,或者可在借助相关领域的普通技术人员公认的常规方式制备最终树脂组合物中添加。
板片/夹层
可通过适合制备用于玻璃层压件的夹层的常规熔融挤出或熔融模制方法来制备本发明的树脂组合物的板片。这类方法是相关领域的普通技术人员熟知的,如先前并入的公布所例示。
板片可以是单层或多层板片。例如,可形成具有夹在两个外部层及其它任选内部层之间的功能芯层的多层板片。在一个实施方案中,多层夹层的外部层中的至少一个(或两个)是根据本发明的树脂组合物的板片。
作为功能芯层的一个实例,可以提到的有声阻尼层,如聚苯乙烯共聚物中间膜(参见JP2007-91491A)、聚乙烯缩醛层(参见US2013/0183507A1、US8741439B2、JP2012-214305A和US8883317B2)、粘弹性丙烯酸层(参见US7121380B2)、含有苯乙烯和基于橡胶的树脂单体的共聚物的层(参见JP2009-256128A)、含有聚烯烃的层(参见US2012/0204940A1)、含有乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的层(参见WO2015/013242A1)、含有乙烯酸共聚物的层(参见WO2015/085165A1)。
在一个具体实施方案中,中间层是热塑性弹性体树脂,如WO2016/076336A1、WO2016/076337A1、WO2016/076338A1、WO2016/076339A1、WO2016/076340A1和US2017/0320297A1中公开的热塑性弹性体树脂。在更具体的实施方案中,热塑性弹性体树脂是具有以下的嵌段共聚物的氢化产物:
(i)芳族乙烯基聚合物嵌段(a),基于所述芳族乙烯基聚合物嵌段,其含有约60摩尔%或更多的芳族乙烯基单体单元,和
(ii)脂族不饱和聚合物嵌段(b),基于所述脂族不饱和聚合物嵌段,其含有约60摩尔%或更多的共轭二烯单体单元,
其中脂族不饱和聚合物嵌段(b)含有总共约50摩尔%或更多的异戊二烯单元和丁二烯单元作为共轭二烯单体单元,且
其中衍生自共轭二烯单体单元的脂族不饱和聚合物嵌段的残余碳-碳双键的量为约2至约40摩尔%。
进一步地,夹层作为整体可以是对称的,具有基本上一致的厚度,或者可以是不对称的,其中夹层的一部分比另一部分厚(例如,部分或完全“楔形”,如US2017/0320297A1和US2018/0117883A1中所讨论。进一步地,层压件可以是基本上透明的,或者全部或一部分中有颜色(例如,如US2017/0320297A1和US2018/0117883A1中所讨论的“阴影带”。
在对称构造中,夹层应具有约320μm或更厚或者约420μm或更厚的总膜厚度。此外,总膜厚度应为约1250μm或更小或者约1,000μm或更小。
在诸如楔形的不对称构造中,夹层的较薄部分应具有对称构造的厚度,而厚部分的厚度将取决于各种参数,如楔角。在楔形状的夹层的一个实施方案中,较厚的边缘的厚度为约1850μm或更小,或者约1600μm或更小,或者约1520μm或更小,或者约1330μm或更小,或者约1140μm或更小;且较薄的边缘的厚度为约600μm或更厚,或者约700μm或更厚,或者约760μm或更厚。
此外,可通过常规的已知方法在本发明的夹层的表面上形成凹凸结构,如压纹,用于在层压件制备中辅助脱气。对压纹的形状没有特别的限制,可采用常规已知的形状。
在一个实施方案中,成形层压玻璃的夹层的至少一个表面(并且优选两个表面)。通过成形层压玻璃的夹层的至少一个表面,在制备层压玻璃的情况下,存在于层压玻璃的夹层与玻璃之间的界面处的气泡很容易逸出到层压玻璃的外部,因此可有利于层压玻璃的外观。优选通过压纹辊方法成形层压玻璃的夹层的至少一个表面。通过成形层压玻璃的夹层的表面,在层压玻璃的夹层的表面上形成凹部分和/或凸部分。
可例如通过使用具有所需凹-凸图案的雕刻机(母轧机)并将凹-凸图案转移到金属辊的表面上来制备用于压纹辊方法的压纹辊。进一步地,也可采用激光蚀刻来制备压纹辊。进一步地,如上所述在金属辊的表面上形成精细凹-凸图案后,使用诸如氧化铝、氧化硅或玻璃珠的磨料对具有精细凹-凸图案的表面进行喷砂处理,由此也可形成更精细的凹-凸图案。
进一步地,优选对用于压纹辊方法的压纹辊进行剥离处理。在使用未进行剥离处理的压纹辊的情况下,从压纹辊上剥离用于层压玻璃的夹层变得困难。剥离处理方法的实例包括已知的方法,如硅酮处理、Teflon(注册商标)处理和等离子体处理。
通过压纹辊方法等成形的层压玻璃的夹层的表面的凹部分的深度和/或凸部分的高度(下文有时称为“压纹部分的高度”)通常为约5μm或更多,或者约10μm或更多,或者约20μm或更多。压纹部分的高度通常为约150μm或更少,或者约100μm或更少,或者约80μm或更少。
在本发明中,压纹部分的高度是指JIS B 0601(2001)中定义的最大高度粗糙度(Rz)。可通过例如利用激光显微镜的共焦原理等来测量压纹部分的高度。顺便说来,压纹部分的高度(即凹部分的深度或凸部分的高度)可在不脱离本发明要旨的范围内变化。
通过压纹辊方法等赋予的形状的形式实例包括网格、斜网格、斜椭圆、椭圆、斜沟槽和沟槽。这种形式的倾斜角相对于膜流方向(MD方向)通常为约10°至约80°。进一步地,成形图案可以是规则图案或不规则图案,如随机哑光图案或诸如US7351468B2中公开的图案。
可在层压玻璃的夹层的一个表面上通过压纹辊方法等进行成形,或者可在两个表面上进行成形,但更典型地是在两个表面上进行。
层压件
可通过常规的已知方法制备本发明的层压件。其实例包括使用真空层压机、使用真空袋、使用真空环、使用夹辊等。此外,可采用这样的方法,其中在临时性接触粘结之后,将所得的层压件放入高压釜中以进行最终粘结。
在使用例如真空层压机的情况下,可使用用于制备太阳能电池的已知仪器,并在约100℃或更高或者约130℃或更高以及约200℃或更低或者约170℃或更低的温度和约1×10-6MPa或更高以及约3×10-2MPa或更低的减压下层压组件。EP1235683A1(CA2388107A1)中例如描述了使用真空袋或真空环的方法,并且例如在约130℃或更高以及约145℃或更低和约2×10-2MPa的压力下层压组件。
在使用例如夹辊的情况下,例示的一种方法是其中在表层树脂的流动起始温度或更低的温度下进行第一次临时性接触粘结之后,在接近于流动起始温度的条件下进一步进行临时性接触粘结。具体地,例如,例示的一种方法是其中通过红外加热器等在约30℃或更高以及约100℃或更低的温度下加热组件,然后通过辊脱气,并在约50℃或更高以及约150℃或更低的温度下进一步加热,接着通过辊进行接触粘结以实现粘结或临时性粘结。
虽然在临时性接触粘结之后补充进行的高压釜方法是可以根据模块的厚度或构造而变化的,但其例如是在约1MPa或更高以及约15MPa或更低的压力和约120℃或更高以及约160℃或更低的温度下进行约0.5小时或更长以及约2小时或更短。
熟知的“无高压釜”方法可替代地用于处理层压件。
有利的是,对用于制备层压玻璃的玻璃没有特别限制。可使用无机玻璃,如浮法板片玻璃、抛光板片玻璃、压花玻璃、嵌丝板片玻璃、热射线吸收玻璃,以及常规已知的有机玻璃,如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚碳酸酯等。这些玻璃可以是无色玻璃、有色玻璃、透明玻璃或不透明玻璃中的任何玻璃。这些玻璃可单独使用,或者可以其两种或更多种的组合形式使用。
本发明的层压玻璃可合适地用于汽车挡风玻璃、汽车侧玻璃、汽车天窗、汽车后玻璃或平视显示器玻璃;用于窗户、墙壁、屋顶、天窗、隔音墙、展示窗、阳台、扶手墙等的建筑构件;会议室的分隔玻璃构件;太阳能电池板;等等。关于这类用途的进一步信息可参考先前并入的公布文献。
由以下层压玻璃特性的具体实施例可进一步理解本发明。然而,要理解的是,这些实施例不应被解释为以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
实施例
实施例中使用的物质如下。
实施例中使用的玻璃是标准退火的钠钙玻璃(得自Guardian Industries,Inc.,Galax VA,USA)。
离聚物1(I1)–部分中和的乙烯酸二元共聚物离聚物,得自E.I.du Pont deNemours&Co.(Wilmington,DE,USA)(21.7%甲基丙烯酸,Na 26%中和,在190℃下MI=1.8)。
硅烷1(S1)–γ-缩水甘油氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(A-187,购自MomentivePerformance Materials,Inc.,Waterford,NY USA)
硅烷2(S2)-3-缩水甘油氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷(2287,购自Momentive Performance Materials,Inc.,Waterford,NY USA)。
硅烷3(S3)-N-(β-氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(A-2120,购自Momentive Performance Materials,Inc.,Waterford,NY USA)。
离聚物板片制备
对于含有硅烷的实施例,采用以下方法:
称量1200克离聚物树脂(精确到0.1克)到带有大口金属螺旋盖的洁净聚丙烯塑料容器(2加仑容积)中。在适当通风条件下按照适当的实验室安全规范将用以产生指示浓度的特定量液体硅烷吸移到容器中。然后用盖将容器密封,并手动充分摇动2分钟,使液体分布在离聚物树脂粒块体之上。从初始制备共混物开始一小时后再次摇动混合物一分钟,并在将吸入的树脂送入进料器的料斗之前再次摇动一分钟。在环境温度和湿度条件下(名义上23C和50% RH,但不是在受控的湿度环境中)进行上述操作。如下面的离聚物板片制备方法中所述,在约4小时制备之内,借助校准的螺旋型进料器将硅烷/树脂共混物送入挤出机。
硅烷1(S1)用于吸收实施例CE-8至CE-11的树脂粒。硅烷2(S2)用于吸收实施例1至13的树脂粒。硅烷3(S3)用于吸收实施例14至17的树脂粒。
使用配有校准的尾纤型螺旋钻的K-Tron进料器(Coperion GmbH)在以下表I中提供的温度分布下以约5至7磅/小时将离聚物树脂和硅烷添加剂(如果存在的话)送入18-mm直径Liestritz双螺杆混配挤出机(螺杆速度设为200rpm)并挤出成聚合物绞股(两个6-mm孔模)。
通过调整螺杆速度来控制聚合物通过量,以提供给定的通过量或停留时间以及所得到的剪切条件。在这两种挤出机的情况下,熔体绞股被拉过含有环境温度脱矿质水的水批料,用压缩空气吹掉过剩的水,并将绞股送入旋转切割机(Conair),得到短切绞股粒料。然后将这些粒料在用稍微干燥的氮气吹扫的情况下在50℃真空烘箱中干燥过夜。然后将粒料压缩模制成尺寸为150-mm乘以200-mm的标称0.76mm厚的板。然后将这些板保持在干燥气氛中,或者在需要时暴露于不同的湿度条件,之后如下所述进行层压。
层压件制备方法
通过以下方法由各离聚物板片制备玻璃层压件。在50℃下将退火玻璃板片(100x100x3 mm)用磷酸三钠(5g/l)的去离子水溶液洗涤5分钟,然后用去离子水彻底冲洗并干燥。将表1中所列的三层各自相应的离聚物板片(各约0.76mm厚)堆叠在一起,并放置在两片玻璃板片之间(产生2.28mm的夹层厚度)。
通过最大程度地缩短与室内环境(约35% RH)的接触时间将离聚物板片保持在0.08重量%或以下的湿度水平,或者在如以下实施例中所示的温度和湿度水平下暴露10天(样品置于Espec湿度室LHU-113型中)。
采用库仑卡尔费休法(Metrohm 800型)测量离聚物板片的湿度水平,样品小瓶的加热室温度为150℃。将离聚物板片切成小片放入样品小瓶中,总重量为0.40克。
然后在数个位置用聚酯胶带将预层压组件胶粘在一起,以保持每层与玻璃片的相对定位。环绕组件的周边放置尼龙织物带以便于从层内除去空气。将组件放入尼龙真空袋内,密封,然后使之与真空泵连接。施加真空以使空气基本上从内部被除去(袋内的空气压力降至绝对压力低于50毫巴)。然后将袋装组件在对流空气烘箱中加热到120℃并保持30分钟。然后使用冷却风扇将组件冷却到接近室温,使组件与真空源断开并移除袋,得到玻璃和夹层的充分预压组件。
然后将组件放入空气高压釜中,并经15分钟将温度和压力从环境条件升高到135℃和13.8巴。将此温度和压力保持30分钟,然后以约2.5℃/分钟的冷却速度将温度降至40℃,然后由此使压力降回至环境压力(经15分钟),并将最终层压件从高压釜中取出。
雾度测量
使用WINDEX玻璃清洁剂(S.C.Johnson&Son,Inc.)和无绒布彻底清洁层压件并进行检查,以确保它们没有气泡及其它不然可能会妨碍进行有效光学测量的缺陷。然后借助于Haze-gard Plus雾度计(Byk-Gardner)对层压件进行评估,以获得雾度百分比测量值。雾度的测量遵循美国国家标准(ANSI Z26.1-1966)“Safety Code for Safety GlazingMaterials for Glazing Motor Vehicles Operating on Land Highways”中概述的规范。这种标准中的测试部分5.17和5.18以及图5和6详细说明了测量玻璃材料的雾度水平的适当方法及仪器设置。Haze-gard Plus雾度计符合用于所有即将进行的测量的此标准的适当条件。可追溯至国家标准局(现为NIST)的雾度标准用于确保仪器良好校准并正确操作。
下表II中给出了雾度结果:
由结果可以看出,添加硅烷没有实质性不利地影响所得层压件的雾度。
剥离粘附力测量
为了测量剥离粘附力,除了以下的不同之外,如上制备了一些样品。
将退火玻璃划线,切成100mm x 200mm长方形,然后按照之前描述的程序洗涤。将带有硅酮粘合剂的薄聚酯胶带(25um厚x 25mm宽)以两条平行条带的形式施加到“所关注的一面”(对空面或锡面)上的玻璃表面上,两条平行条带之间提供均匀的25mm宽的粘结区域。此程序使得能够产生非常明确限定的粘结区域,而无需要像在标准剥离粘附方法中常规进行的那样切穿聚合物层以产生剥离条。在夹层样本的顶部,将4密耳的薄FEP薄膜板片放在塑料片材之上,之后再将第二片玻璃放在上面,为层压步骤提供相对平坦的表面,并充当用于移除顶片玻璃的剥离层。然后如上所述进行所有的层压步骤。之后,借助机械测试装置(INSTRON 1122型,Instron Industrial Products,Norwood,MA USA)对通过上述方法制备的各样品进行90度角剥离粘附力测量。在标准实验室条件(名义上23℃和50% RH)下以1-cm/分钟的十字头速度进行剥离。在剥离大约100-mm的样品后,将脱矿质水施加到玻璃和剥离界面上,使得界面现在完全浸入液体水中。然后使剥离速率降至0.25-mm/分钟,并继续进行数小时测试,直到再有大约100-mm样品被测试。提供足够的水以确保在此最后测试段期间样品保持‘湿’态。借助计算机软件(INSTRON Bluehill III软件,Instron IndustrialProducts,Norwood,MA USA)收集数据,并计算“50% RH”和“湿态”剥离测试部分的平均力水平。
下表III中给出了结果。
Claims (13)
1.一种树脂组合物,其包含(i)离聚物树脂和(ii)粘附促进剂添加剂的紧密混合物,其特征在于:
(a)所述离聚物树脂是钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物,其中所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物包含衍生自乙烯的组成单元和衍生自α,β-不饱和羧酸的组成单元,其中衍生自所述α,β-不饱和羧酸的组成单元的至少一部分被抗衡离子中和,且其中所述抗衡离子基本上由钠阳离子组成;
(b)所述粘附促进剂添加剂是二烷氧基硅烷化合物;且
(c)基于所述离聚物树脂的重量,所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物以百万分之500至3000重量份范围内的量存在于所述树脂组合物中;
其中:
所述α,β-不饱和羧酸在所述离聚物树脂中的含量是2质量%至30质量%,
所述离聚物树脂中的所述α,β-不饱和羧酸的中和程度为10%至60%,且
所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物是3-缩水甘油氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷。
2.如权利要求1所述的树脂组合物,其中所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物基本上均匀地分布在所述树脂组合物内。
3.如权利要求1所述的树脂组合物,其中所述树脂组合物是颗粒状树脂组合物,其中所述离聚物树脂是颗粒状离聚物树脂,和所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物主要以吸收在所述离聚物树脂颗粒表面上的方式存在于所述母料组合物中。
4.如权利要求1所述的树脂组合物,其中所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物是基本上由以下共聚单元组成的二元共聚物:
(i)乙烯,和
(ii)10重量%至30重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸,
其中所述共聚单元的重量百分比是基于所述乙烯酸共聚物的总重量,且所述共聚单元的重量百分比之和为100重量%。
5.如权利要求1所述的树脂组合物,其中所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物是基本上由以下共聚单元组成的三元共聚物:
(i)乙烯,
(ii)10重量%至30重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸,
(iii)2重量%至15重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸酯,和
(iv)任选除(iii)以外的α,β-不饱和羧酸的衍生物,其量使得(iii)+(iv)为15重量%或更少,
其中所述共聚单元的重量百分比是基于所述乙烯酸共聚物的总重量,且所述共聚单元的重量百分比之和为100重量%。
6.一种颗粒状母料组合物,其包含(i)离聚物树脂的颗粒和(ii)粘附促进剂添加剂,其特征在于:
(a)所述离聚物树脂颗粒的离聚物树脂是钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物;
(b)所述粘附促进剂添加剂是二烷氧基硅烷化合物;
(c)基于100重量份的所述离聚物树脂,所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物以1至10重量份范围内的量存在于所述母料组合物中;且
(d)所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物主要以吸收在所述离聚物树脂颗粒表面上的方式存在于所述母料组合物中,其中所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物是基本上由以下共聚单元组成的二元共聚物:
(i)乙烯,和
(ii)10重量%至30重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸,
其中所述共聚单元的重量百分比是基于所述乙烯酸共聚物的总重量,且所述共聚单元的重量百分比之和为100重量%。
7.如权利要求6所述的母料组合物,其中所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物是基本上由以下共聚单元组成的三元共聚物:
(i)乙烯,
(ii)10重量%至30重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸,
(iii)2重量%至15重量%的至少一种具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸酯,和
(iv)任选除(iii)以外的α,β-不饱和羧酸的衍生物,其量使得(iii)+(iv)为15重量%或更少,
其中所述共聚单元的重量百分比是基于所述乙烯酸共聚物的总重量,且所述共聚单元的重量百分比之和为100重量%。
8.一种制备树脂组合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(A)提供如权利要求6所述的母料组合物;并且
(B)将所述母料组合物与一定量的第二钠中和的乙烯-α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物混合,得到基于离聚物树脂的总重量而言所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物的浓度为百万分之50至5000重量份的紧密混合物。
9.一种夹层板片,其包括:包含根据权利要求1的钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的层,其中当将所述夹层板片在34℃和50%相对湿度下预处理,并将所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层粘附于具有对空面和锡面的浮法玻璃板片的所述对空面时,粘附于所述浮法玻璃板片的所述对空面的所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层的剥离粘附力为至少20N/cm(在23℃和50%RH下测量)。
10.一种夹层板片,其包括:包含根据权利要求1的钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的层,其中当将所述夹层板片在34℃和50%相对湿度下预处理,并将所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层粘附于具有对空面和锡面的浮法玻璃板片的所述对空面时,粘附于所述浮法玻璃板片的所述对空面的所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层的剥离粘附力为至少0.5(在湿态条件下)。
11.一种夹层板片,其包括:包含根据权利要求1的钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的层,其中当将所述夹层板片在34℃和50%相对湿度下预处理,并将所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层粘附于具有对空面和锡面的浮法玻璃板片时,所述钠中和的乙烯·α,β-不饱和羧酸共聚物的所述层当粘附于所述浮法玻璃板片的所述对空面时的剥离粘附力(i)大于5N/cm(在23℃和50%RH下测量),并且(ii)大于当粘附于所述浮法玻璃板片的所述锡面时的剥离粘附力(在23℃和50%RH下测量)。
12.如权利要求1所述的树脂组合物,其中基于所述离聚物树脂的重量,所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物以百万分之50至1000重量份范围内的量存在于所述树脂组合物中。
13.如权利要求12所述的树脂组合物,其中基于所述离聚物树脂的重量,所述二烷氧基硅烷化合物以百万分之600至1000重量份范围内的量存在于所述树脂组合物中。
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