CN116602353B - 一种鲜奶冰淇淋及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种鲜奶冰淇淋及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116602353B CN116602353B CN202310469234.XA CN202310469234A CN116602353B CN 116602353 B CN116602353 B CN 116602353B CN 202310469234 A CN202310469234 A CN 202310469234A CN 116602353 B CN116602353 B CN 116602353B
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- ice cream
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- fresh milk
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G9/40—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the dairy products used
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种鲜奶冰淇淋及其制备方法,涉及冷冻食品加工技术领域。本发明所述的鲜奶冰淇淋由以下重量份原料组成:脱脂奶粉10‑15份、奶油1‑5份、稳定剂0.01‑0.5份、植物油1‑10份、乳化剂1‑5份、甜味剂1‑5份、蛋黄粉0.1‑1份、人参多糖1‑3份。本发明对冰淇淋的原料上进行筛选,并通过各工艺条件的协同配合,提高了鲜奶冰淇淋的稳定性和膨胀率,并且制备的冰淇淋的口感细腻,风味较佳,有效的提高了冰淇淋的品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冷冻食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种鲜奶冰淇淋及其制备方法。
背景技术
冰淇淋是以水、乳制品等为原料,加入稳定剂和乳化剂等食品添加剂,经过混合、灭菌、均质、冷却、老化、凝练、硬化等工艺制成的体积膨胀的冷冻饮品。冰淇淋是一个复杂的水包油多相体系,冰晶、气泡和部分聚集的脂肪球束分布在未冻结的连续相中。冰淇淋的主要原料包括非脂乳固体、甜味料、油脂、乳化剂、稳定剂等物质,根据市场需求,加入水果、香料、干果等物质。非脂乳固体是指脱脂牛乳中的总固体,由蛋白质、乳糖和矿物质组成。脂肪是冰淇淋在凝冻时形成的网状结构,赋予冰淇淋细腻润滑的组织和良好的质构。乳化剂易在水与油的界面形成吸附层的表面活性剂,降低冰淇淋混合料中两相界面的表面张力,改善混合料的起泡性和光滑性。稳定剂改善冰淇淋的物理性质和组织状态,提高冰淇淋的黏度和膨胀率,减少温度波动时冰晶体的重结晶和乳糖晶体的生长,延缓冰淇淋的融化。
中国专利CN202210125384.4中公开了一种冰淇淋及其制备方法,所述冰淇淋的制备方法包括以下步骤:将水、甜菊糖苷、复配乳化稳定剂、大豆分离蛋白或改性大豆分离蛋白混合搅拌;加入脱脂奶粉、奶油、椰子油继续搅拌;均质,杀菌;再加入益生菌发酵,冷却,老化,凝冻,硬化,即得所述冰淇淋。该专利中通过对配方进行调整,优化冰淇淋的制备方法,使得制备得到的冰淇淋具有良好的膨胀率,降低了冰淇淋的密度,具有良好的口感。尽管该专利解决了现有技术中冰淇淋的膨胀率低的问题,但是依然存在一些缺陷,比如该专利制备得到的冰淇淋的稳定性差。
中国专利CN201810257722.3中公开了一种意式冰淇淋及其制备方法,所述的意式冰淇淋,以重量百分比计,所述意式冰淇淋的原料包括:6-12%白砂糖,10-20%糖浆,1-5%聚葡萄糖和1-5%低聚异麦芽糖。该发明还公开了上述意式冰淇淋的制备方法。该发明意式冰淇淋通过配方、工艺及不同长度碳链的糖类比例的调整,使得冰淇淋的固形物含量≥40%、蛋白含量≥4.0%,冰淇淋的口感紧致密实、弹性拉丝,并在抗融、析水、口溶性上具有明显优势,提升产品价值感。该专利虽然解决了抗融等问题,但是该专利的意式冰淇淋的膨胀性较差。
因此,本发明旨在提供一种稳定性和膨胀率高、不易坍塌、口感细腻的鲜奶冰淇淋。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过对冰淇淋的原料进行筛选,使得制得的冰淇淋的稳定性和膨胀率较高、提高冰淇淋的口感及质量。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一方面,本发明提供了一种鲜奶冰淇淋,所述的鲜奶冰淇淋由以下重量份原料组成:脱脂奶粉10-15份、奶油1-5份、稳定剂0.01-0.5份、植物油1-10份、乳化剂1-5份、甜味剂1-5份、蛋黄粉0.1-1份、人参多糖1-3份。
优选地,所述的鲜奶冰淇淋由以下重量份原料组成:脱脂奶粉10-14份、奶油2-4份、稳定剂0.05-0.3份、植物油2-8份、乳化剂2-4份、甜味剂2-4份、蛋黄粉0.3-0.8份、人参多糖1.5-2.5份。
进一步优选地,所述的鲜奶冰淇淋由以下重量份原料组成:脱脂奶粉12份、奶油3份、稳定剂0.2份、植物油6份、乳化剂3份、甜味剂3份、蛋黄粉0.5份、人参多糖2份。
优选地,所述的稳定剂选自亚麻籽胶、黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、瓜尔胶、焦磷酸钠、羟甲基纤维素钠、罗望子胶、刺槐豆胶中的至少一种。
进一步优选地,所述的稳定剂由亚麻籽胶、阿拉伯胶和羟甲基纤维素钠组成。
再进一步优选地,所述的稳定剂中亚麻籽胶、阿拉伯胶和羟甲基纤维素钠的质量比为(0.01-0.05):(0.5-1.5):(1-3);
更进一步优选地,所述的稳定剂中亚麻籽胶、阿拉伯胶和羟甲基纤维素钠的质量比为(0.02-0.03):(0.8-1.2):(1.5-2.5);
最优选地,所述的稳定剂中亚麻籽胶、阿拉伯胶和羟甲基纤维素钠的质量比为0.025:1:2。
优选地,所述的植物油选自橄榄油、葵花籽油、菜籽油、棕榈油、大豆油、椰子油中的至少一种;
进一步优选地,所述的植物油为橄榄油和椰子油组合。
再进一步优选地,所述的植物油中橄榄油和椰子油的质量比为(0.1-1):(1-5);
更进一步优选地,所述的植物油中橄榄油和椰子油的质量比为(0.2-0.8):(2-4);
最优选地,所述的植物油中橄榄油和椰子油的质量比为0.5:3。
优选地,所述的乳化剂选自单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯、柠檬酸脂肪酸甘油酯、大豆磷脂、乳酸脂肪酸甘油酯、卵磷脂、酪蛋白酸钠、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠中的一种或多种;
进一步优选地,所述的乳化剂选自单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯中的一种或多种。
再进一步优选地,所述的乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯组合使用。
更进一步优选地,所述的乳化剂中单硬脂酸甘油酯和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为(0.5-1.5):(1-3)。
再进一步优选地,所述的乳化剂中单硬脂酸甘油酯和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为(0.8-1.2):(1-2)。
最优选地,所述的乳化剂中单硬脂酸甘油酯和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为1:1.5。
优选地,所述的甜味剂选自白砂糖、蔗糖、果糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、甜蜜素、木糖醇、乳糖醇、阿斯巴甜、安赛蜜、三氯蔗糖、果葡糖浆中的一种或多种;
进一步优选地,所述的甜味剂选自蔗糖、麦芽糖、木糖醇、乳糖醇中的一种或多种。
具体的,所述人参多糖的提取包括但不限于水提法、酸碱提取法、酶提取法、超声波提取法、微波辅助提取法、超临界提取法、溶剂提取法。
在本发明的一些实施例中,人参多糖的制备采用水提醇沉法,包括以下步骤:
取人参粉碎,过筛,加入石油醚水浴回流1h;过滤,滤渣用400mL 80%乙醇80℃水浴回流1h,滤渣加300mL纯净水超声提取20min后95-100℃回流1.5-2h,取滤液,上述步骤重复一次,合并滤液,滤液旋转蒸发为50mL,浓缩液加活性炭离心,得人参粗多糖产物。取粗提取的多糖,配成10g/L的溶液,脱色液加Savage试剂(氯仿:正丁醇=4:1),充分搅拌,至其终浓度为20%,充分振荡。去蛋白30min后,离心去上清液,加入95%乙醇静置过夜;将固液混合物抽滤,滤渣依次用无水乙醇、丙酮洗涤后,真空减压干燥至干粉备用,得人参多糖。
具体的,所述人参多糖的主要活性成分包括RG-Ⅰ型果糖、HG型果糖、AG型果糖。
又一方面,本发明提供了上述鲜奶冰淇淋的制备方法,包括以下步骤:称取重量份的脱脂奶粉、奶油、稳定剂、植物油、乳化剂、甜味剂、蛋黄粉和人参多糖,混匀后经灭菌、均质、老化、凝冻即得鲜奶冰淇淋。
优选地,所述灭菌的方式包括但不限于:巴氏杀菌、高温杀菌、超高温短时杀菌、板式热交换高温短时杀菌。
进一步优选地,所述灭菌的方式为巴氏灭菌。
再进一步优选地,所述的灭菌的温度为70-85℃;所述的灭菌的时间为10-20min。
更进一步优选地,所述的灭菌的温度为80℃;所述的灭菌的时间为15min。
优选地,所述的均质的温度为60℃-70℃;所述的均质的压力为15MPa-25MPa;所述均质的时间为3-5min。
具体的,所述均质为采用高压均质机均质两次。第一次均质,均质的压力为5-10MPa;第二次均质,均质的压力为15-20MPa。
优选地,第一次均质,均质的压力为10MPa;第二次均质,均质的压力为15MPa。
具体的,所述的均质后还包括冷却步骤,冷却的温度为0-4℃。
优选地,所述老化的时间为6-12h。
进一步优选地,所述老化的时间为8-10h。
优选地,所述的老化的温度为2-4℃。
优选地,所述凝冻为在-15℃至-20℃条件下凝冻20-30min,然后在-30℃下硬化30min-60min。
具体的,上述的冰淇淋或采用上述制备方法制得的冰淇淋为软冰淇淋或硬冰淇淋。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明在冰淇淋的原料上进行筛选,并通过各工艺条件的协同配合,实现了提高冰淇淋的稳定性和膨胀率的同时,冰淇淋的口感细腻,风味较佳,有效的改善了冰淇淋的品质,且工艺过程简单方便,可用于工业化的大规生产。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,但下述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其它实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。下述实施例中,若无特殊说明,所用的操作方法均为常规操作方法,所用设备均为常规设备,各个实施例所用设备材料均相同。
实施例1鲜奶冰淇淋的制备
冰淇淋的原料:脱脂奶粉10份、奶油3份、稳定剂0.1份(亚麻籽胶、阿拉伯胶和羟甲基纤维素钠的质量比为0.01:0.5:1)、植物油2份(橄榄油和椰子油的质量比为0.1:1)、乳化剂1份(单硬脂酸甘油酯和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为0.5:1)、甜味剂1份、蛋黄粉0.5份、人参多糖1份。
冰淇淋的制备方法:
将上述原料混匀,采用巴氏灭菌方式70℃灭菌10min,进行第一次均质,均质的压力为5MPa,均质的温度为60℃,进行第二次均质,均质的压力为15MPa,均质的温度为65℃,均质后冷却至4℃,进行老化,老化的温度为4℃,老化的时间为6h,最后进行凝冻,在-15℃条件下凝冻30min,然后在-30℃下硬化30min,即得。
实施例2鲜奶冰淇淋的制备
冰淇淋的原料:脱脂奶粉12份、奶油3份、稳定剂0.2份(亚麻籽胶、阿拉伯胶和羟甲基纤维素钠的质量比为0.02:0.8:1.5)、植物油4份(橄榄油和椰子油的质量比为0.5:2.5)、乳化剂2份(单硬脂酸甘油酯和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为0.8:1)、甜味剂2份、蛋黄粉0.5份、人参多糖1.5份。
冰淇淋的制备方法:
将上述原料混匀,采用巴氏灭菌方式80℃灭菌15min,进行第一次均质,均质的压力为10MPa,均质的温度为65℃,进行第二次均质,均质的压力为20MPa,均质的温度为70℃,均质后冷却至4℃,进行老化,老化的温度为4℃,老化的时间为8h,最后进行凝冻,在-20℃条件下凝冻20min,然后在-30℃下硬化40min,即得。
实施例3鲜奶冰淇淋的制备
冰淇淋的原料:脱脂奶粉12份、奶油3份、稳定剂0.2份(亚麻籽胶、阿拉伯胶和羟甲基纤维素钠的质量比为0.025:1:2)、植物油6份(橄榄油和椰子油的质量比为0.5:3)、乳化剂3份(单硬脂酸甘油酯和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为1:1.5)、甜味剂3份、蛋黄粉0.5份、人参多糖2份。
冰淇淋的制备方法:
将上述原料混匀,采用巴氏灭菌方式80℃灭菌15min,进行第一次均质,均质的压力为5MPa,均质的温度为60℃,进行第二次均质,均质的压力为15MPa,均质的温度为65℃,均质后冷却至4℃,进行老化,老化的温度为4℃,老化的时间为8h,最后进行凝冻,在-15℃条件下凝冻30min,然后在-30℃下硬化50min,即得。
实施例4鲜奶冰淇淋的制备
冰淇淋的原料:脱脂奶粉14份、奶油4份、稳定剂0.3份(亚麻籽胶、阿拉伯胶和羟甲基纤维素钠的质量比为0.02:1.2:2.5)、植物油8份(橄榄油和椰子油的质量比为0.5:3)、乳化剂4份(单硬脂酸甘油酯和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为1:1.5)、甜味剂4份、蛋黄粉0.8份、人参多糖2.5份。
冰淇淋的制备方法:
将上述原料混匀,采用巴氏灭菌方式85℃灭菌20min,进行第一次均质,均质的压力为10MPa,均质的温度为60℃,进行第二次均质,均质的压力为20MPa,均质的温度为65℃,均质后冷却至4℃,进行老化,老化的温度为4℃,老化的时间为10h,最后进行凝冻,在-15℃条件下凝冻30min,然后在-30℃下硬化50min,即得。
实施例5鲜奶冰淇淋的制备
冰淇淋的原料:脱脂奶粉15份、奶油5份、稳定剂0.5份(亚麻籽胶、阿拉伯胶和羟甲基纤维素钠的质量比为0.05:1.5:3)、植物油10份(橄榄油和椰子油的质量比为1:5)、乳化剂5份(单硬脂酸甘油酯和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为1.5:3)、甜味剂5份、蛋黄粉1份、人参多糖3份。
冰淇淋的制备方法:
将上述原料混匀,采用巴氏灭菌方式85℃灭菌20min,进行第一次均质,均质的压力为10MPa,均质的温度为60℃,进行第二次均质,均质的压力为15MPa,均质的温度为65℃,均质后冷却至4℃,进行老化,老化的温度为4℃,老化的时间为12h,最后进行凝冻,在-15℃条件下凝冻30min,然后在-30℃下硬化60min,即得。
对比例1鲜奶冰淇淋的制备
与实施例3相比的区别在于,冰淇淋的原料中稳定剂为卡拉胶,其余皆相同。
对比例2鲜奶冰淇淋的制备
与实施例3相比的区别在于,冰淇淋的原料中植物油仅使用橄榄油,其余皆相同。
对比例3鲜奶冰淇淋的制备
与实施例3相比的区别在于,乳化剂中单硬脂酸甘油酯和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为2:5,其余皆相同。
对比例4鲜奶冰淇淋的制备
与实施例3相比的区别在于,冰淇淋的原料中未添加人参多糖,其余皆相同。
实验例1稳定指数的测定
准确称取一定量的被测试液用无离子蒸馏水稀释,放在离心机中以3500r/min的速度进行离心15min,然后在波长785nm的条件下测定其离心前后的吸光度。同时做4次平行试验,R≤1,R值越接近1说明该溶液的稳定性越好。稳定指数的公式如下所示。
不同冰淇淋的稳定指数测定结果见下表1。
表1不同冰淇淋的稳定指数
从上表可以看出,实施例1-5制备的鲜奶冰淇淋的稳定指数均大于0.981,尤其是实施例3中制备的冰淇淋的稳定指数为0.992。对比例1中稳定剂中仅加入卡拉胶,其稳定指数为0.945,对比例2-4中改变冰淇淋的原料成分均会在一定程度上影响冰淇淋的稳定指数,降低冰淇淋的稳定性。
实验例2膨胀率测定
膨胀率是衡量冰淇淋质量极为重要的一项指标,可以影响冰淇淋的融化行为、结构和感官特性。冰淇淋的膨胀率是指冰淇淋混合料在进行凝冻操作时,空气在冰淇淋中形成微小的气泡,使冰淇淋的体积增加,混合料中的绝大部分的水的体积由于凝冻的关系有所膨胀,凝冻后的冰淇淋的体积增加。如果膨胀率过高则导致产品的组织松软、稳定性差,生产操作中易出现打炮现象,膨胀率过低则产品组织坚硬口感粗糙。
膨胀率的计算公式如下:
式中,B(%)为膨胀率;
v1(L)为1kg冰淇淋的溶剂;
v2(L)为1kg混合原料的溶剂;
对实施例1-5和对比例1-4中制备的冰淇淋测膨胀率,具体如下表2所示;
表2膨胀率
从上表2中可以看出,实施例1-5中制备的冰淇淋的膨胀率在59%-65%,与对比例1-4相比较高。对比例1中稳定剂为卡拉胶,其膨胀率为48%,对比例2中植物油仅使用橄榄油,其膨胀率下降为40%,对比例3中冰淇淋的乳化剂中单硬脂酸甘油酯和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为2:5,对比例4中未添加人参多糖,均会在一定程度上使冰淇淋的膨胀率降低。
实验例3感官评价
由20名具有感官评定经验的人员成立感官评定小组,对冰淇淋的形态、气味、口感滋味和组织状态等进行感官评定,评分标准见下表3。
表3冰淇淋感官评价标准
将测试人员的评分去掉一个最高分,去掉一个最低分,计算平均值作为最终的感官评分,评分结果见下表4。
表4冰淇淋的感官评定结果
从上表4中可以看出,本发明实施例1-5制备的鲜奶冰淇淋的形态完整,香味浓郁,口感润滑、细腻无冰晶,颗粒度均一,总体的评分较高。对比例1-4中改变了冰淇淋的配方,使得冰淇淋的组织形态受到较大的影响。制得的冰淇淋有冰晶感,使得冰淇淋的口感较差。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种鲜奶冰淇淋,其特征在于,所述鲜奶冰淇淋由以下重量份原料组成:脱脂奶粉10-15份、奶油1-5份、稳定剂0.01-0.5份、植物油1-10份、乳化剂1-5份、甜味剂1-5份、蛋黄粉0.1-1份、人参多糖1-3份;
所述的稳定剂中亚麻籽胶、阿拉伯胶和羟甲基纤维素钠的质量比为(0.01-0.05):(0.5-1.5):(1-3);
所述的植物油中橄榄油和椰子油的质量比为(0.1-1):(1-5);
所述乳化剂中单硬脂酸甘油酯和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为(0.5-1.5):(1-3)。
2.权利要求1所述的鲜奶冰淇淋的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:称取脱脂奶粉、奶油、稳定剂、植物油、乳化剂、甜味剂、蛋黄粉和人参多糖,混匀,灭菌、均质、老化、凝冻即得。
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