CN116491406A - Planting device and method with multi-stage cultivation illumination - Google Patents
Planting device and method with multi-stage cultivation illumination Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting device and a planting method with multi-stage cultivation illumination, wherein the device comprises a plant growth stage change detection module, a processing module and an environment control module; the plant growth stage change detection module is used for measuring plant growth stage information and comprises a stage detection unit, a temperature detection unit and a matrix humidity detection unit. According to the invention, the external environment change of the plant growth multiple stages is regulated and controlled, and the irradiation parameters are dynamically controlled through the illumination unit, so that each stage of the plant is in the optimal growth environment, the growth period of the plant is shortened, and the rapid yield increase and harvest of the plant are realized. The environment adjustment process is dynamically adjusted through preset parameters, so that the labor cost is saved, the change of the plant growth environment is automatically detected, and automatic breeding is realized. Automatically adjusts the growth, reproductive development and morphogenesis of plants, shortens the growth period, improves the quality, and reduces the energy consumption and the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a planting device and method with multi-stage cultivation illumination.
Background
Wheat is one of the important grain crops at present, and has large planting range and wide distribution, and is inferior to rice and corn. The maintenance of stable and high yield of wheat plays an important role in guaranteeing grain supply, maintaining social stability and promoting economic development. Under the existing planting environment, the growth period of wheat is 160-180 days, and the long planting period leads to the reduction of yield of peasants and grain. In wheat production, detection and regulation of the growth condition, the growth environment and related changes of wheat are very important technical measures. But wheat has different illumination parameter requirements in different growth stages, including illumination intensity, photoperiod, light quality ratio and the like. The illumination parameters required by the wheat are also influenced by the parameters such as the formula of the nutrient solution, the temperature, the matrix humidity and the like, and the illumination environment of the wheat is properly regulated so as to further shorten the growth period of the wheat. Therefore, there is a need for a multi-stage planting device and method that can reduce the growth cycle of wheat by controlling the environment in which the wheat is located for different characteristics of the wheat stages in a plant factory environment.
Chinese patent application CN 105706694B discloses an indoor culture method of strong winter wheat. The patent belongs to the field of agricultural scientific research technology, relates to the field of crop cultivation, and in particular relates to a method suitable for indoor cultivation of strong winter wheat. The indoor cultivation method of the strong winter wheat is characterized by mainly comprising the following operation steps of: firstly, indoor culture before sowing and tillering; secondly, a manual vernalization treatment technology; thirdly, indoor culture technology from jointing to booting stage; fourth, booting to maturity indoor culture technology. The method is simple and convenient to operate, controllable in procedure, economical and practical, can solve the problem of non-ideal indoor culture effect of strong winter wheat, can greatly shorten the growth time, can obtain plants which are strong, neat and consistent in vigor and can finish the whole growth period, and is a strong winter wheat indoor culture method which is favorable for forming large and full seeds. However, the disadvantage of this patent is that: the patent provides external cultivation conditions for strong winter wheat by controlling natural environment conditions for wheat growth and plants and cultivates the wheat indoors, shortens the growth cycle of the strong winter wheat, but has lower shortening efficiency, shortens only half of natural growth, and has no economy compared with indoor artificial cultivation. The cost of artificial indoor cultivation is high, and the staff needs to observe the growth state of wheat in real time, needs high-frequency watering, cutting out the redundant young tillering of new-born and fertilizing, and the cultivation non-intelligent operation mode of wheat can not realize industrialized cultivation.
Chinese patent application CN105393773B discloses a wheat planting method comprising: irrigation and thoroughly watering the planting land, carrying out first deep ploughing after irrigation, applying base fertilizer to the planting land after the first deep ploughing, and carrying out second deep ploughing to the planting land with the base fertilizer; step two, seed dressing is carried out on the wheat seeds after airing by using an insecticidal traditional Chinese medicine agent, seed dressing is carried out on the wheat seeds after airing by using a bactericidal traditional Chinese medicine agent, the wheat seeds after seed dressing are obtained, and the wheat seeds after seed dressing are sown according to the planting amount of 12-20 kg/mu and the planting depth of 3-6 cm; thirdly, pouring water for turning green and applying additional fertilizer; spraying strengthening assisting element and urea on the wheat; step five, spraying foliar fertilizer on the wheat; step six, irrigating the wheat in a grouting period; and step seven, harvesting after sowing for 180-190 days. The patent provides a wheat planting method capable of shortening the growth period of wheat, improving the germination rate, reducing environmental pollution, reducing pesticide residues in the wheat and improving the yield. The patent reasonably plans the irrigation, deep ploughing and fertilization processes of wheat, and drenches wheat seeds by medicaments so as to reduce plant diseases and insect pests and reasonably use medicaments, thereby achieving the purposes of shortening the growth period of the wheat, improving the germination rate of the wheat and improving the yield of the wheat. However, the method has poor effect of shortening the growth period of the wheat, and cannot shorten the period to less than half of the natural cultivation period. The light is not regulated aiming at the external environment where the wheat is positioned, so that the whole photosynthesis level of the wheat is lower and the yield is lower.
Furthermore, there are differences in one aspect due to understanding to those skilled in the art; on the other hand, as the inventors studied numerous documents and patents while the present invention was made, the text is not limited to details and contents of all that are listed, but it is by no means the present invention does not have these prior art features, the present invention has all the prior art features, and the applicant remains in the background art to which the rights of the related prior art are added.
Disclosure of Invention
The prior art also remains in reasonable planning for the irrigation, deep ploughing and fertilization processes of wheat for shortening the wheat growth period, and seeds of the wheat are dressed by the medicament, so that the wheat growth period is shortened, the wheat germination rate is improved, and the wheat yield is improved in a manner of reducing plant diseases and insect pests and reasonably using the medicament. Although indoor cultivation by regulating natural environment conditions for wheat growth is also proposed in the field of crop cultivation, the cultivation parameters have no correlation, and the regulation of illumination parameters cannot be performed according to different external conditions required by wheat multi-stage growth, so that the cost is high, the shortening period does not reach ideal standards, and the method does not have a widely used basis.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is to provide a planting device with multi-stage cultivation illumination, which comprises a plant growth stage change detection module, a processing module and an environment control module. The plant growth stage change detection module is used for measuring plant growth stage information and comprises a stage detection unit, a temperature detection unit and a matrix humidity detection unit. The processing module comprises a receiving unit, a result processing unit and a sending unit. The receiving unit receives the plant growth stage information sent by the plant growth stage change detection module and sends the received plant growth stage information to the result processing unit. The result processing unit is provided with detection parameters representing the plant growth stage and standard values of temperature and matrix humidity suitable for the stage. The result processing unit compares the plant growth stage information with standard values of detection parameters, temperature and matrix humidity, and transmits comparison analysis results to the environment control module by the transmitting unit. According to the invention, the external environment change of the plant growth multiple stages is regulated and controlled, and the irradiation parameters are dynamically controlled through the illumination unit, so that each stage of the plant is in the optimal growth environment, the growth period of the plant is shortened, and the rapid yield increase and harvest of the plant are realized. The environment adjustment process is dynamically adjusted through preset parameters, so that the labor cost is saved, the change of the plant growth environment is automatically detected, and automatic breeding is realized. Automatically adjusts the growth, reproductive development and morphogenesis of plants, shortens the growth period, improves the quality, and reduces the energy consumption and the cost. Compared with artificial cultivation, the device has detection and management functions, and achieves real-time control of plant multi-stage environments.
According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental control module dynamically adjusts the illumination parameters of the illumination unit to shorten the plant's growth cycle based at least on the current plant's growth phase and the environmental parameters in the current growing environment.
According to a preferred embodiment, the irradiation parameters include at least: illumination intensity, photoperiod and light quality ratio. Wherein the environment control module dynamically adjusts the illumination parameters of the illumination unit based at least on the following formula,
x(S，H)＝y(Q，T，P)
in the above formula, S represents the current plant growth stage, H represents an environmental parameter in the current growth environment, Q represents the illumination intensity, T represents the photoperiod, and P represents the light quality ratio.
S, H, Q, T, P in the above formula is set, modified or saved by the environmental control module prior to multi-stage cultivation of the plant.
According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental parameters in the current growth environment include at least: an ambient temperature detected by the temperature detection unit; the soil humidity detected by the matrix humidity detecting unit; and aeroponic parameters derived by the environmental control module based on the ambient temperature, soil humidity, and the current plant growth stage. The description of each parameter and stage in the present invention is made by taking wheat as an example, and does not represent that the present invention can be used for cultivation of other plants, such as rice.
According to a preferred embodiment, the aeroponic parameters include the formulation and the ratio of the nutrient solution at the current stage of plant growth.
According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection unit monitors the leaves of the plant based at least on the visual sensor to obtain a current leaf area index for the corresponding plant, the leaf area index being a detection parameter characterizing the growth stage of the plant, and the result processing unit determines the growth stage in which the plant is located based on the size of the leaf area index. The stage detection unit is used for judging the stage of the wheat, or the working parameters of each component can be selected to be switched after the current growth state of the wheat is manually judged. Through the configuration, the control of the aeroponic parameter, the environmental parameter and the irradiation parameter in the plant factory environment realizes the booting and heading flowering of the wheat in 28 days and 32 days after the field planting of the wheat, realizes the harvesting of the wheat in 70 days, and shortens the original growth period of 160-180 days by about 2/3. The leaf area index refers to the multiple of the total plant leaf area over the land area per unit area. In the present invention, leaf area index is used as a dynamic index for defining plant development. The leaf area index can also determine plant vigor, for example, as an important indicator of plant photosynthesis, transpiration, and various plant physiological processes, to monitor plant growth during cultivation, and to perform targeted cultivation measures.
According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection unit also obtains the current chlorophyll content of the corresponding plant based on digital image processing techniques, which can be used for checking the growth stage in which the plant is located.
According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental control module selects the illumination intensity before illumination is performed; when the plant is in a seedling stage, the photoperiod is 12-15, and the light quality ratio is controlled to be red/blue=3-5:1; when the wheat is in a nutrition stage, the photoperiod is 14-20, the light quality ratio is controlled to be white:red light:blue light=0.5-1.0:0-1.0:0.0-0.5; when the wheat is in the reproduction stage, the photoperiod is 16-20, and the light ratio is controlled to be white to red light to blue light=0.5-1.0:0-1.0:0.0-0.5.
The invention also relates to a method of a planting device with multi-stage cultivation illumination, the method comprising: determining plant growth stage information; receiving the plant growth stage information sent by the plant growth stage change detection module, and sending the received plant growth stage information to a result processing unit; the result processing unit is provided with detection parameters representing the plant growth stage and environment parameters suitable for the stage, compares and analyzes the plant growth stage information with the detection parameters and the environment parameters, and transmits comparison and analysis results to the environment control module by the sending unit.
According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental control module dynamically adjusts the illumination parameters of the illumination unit based at least on the current plant growth stage and the environmental parameters in the current growth environment to shorten the plant growth cycle.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the invention, the external environment change of the plant growth multiple stages is regulated and controlled, and the irradiation parameters are dynamically controlled through the illumination unit, so that each stage of the plant is in the optimal growth environment, the growth period of the plant is shortened, and the rapid yield increase and harvest of the plant are realized. The environment adjustment process is dynamically adjusted through preset parameters, so that the labor cost is saved, the change of the plant growth environment is automatically detected, and automatic breeding is realized. Automatically adjusts the growth, reproductive development and morphogenesis of plants, shortens the growth period, improves the quality, and reduces the energy consumption and the cost. Compared with artificial cultivation, the device has detection and management functions, and realizes real-time control of plant multi-stage environment;
(2) Under the plant factory environment, the control of the aeroponic parameter, the environmental parameter and the irradiation parameter realizes the booting and flowering of the wheat in 28 days and 32 days after the field planting of the wheat, realizes the harvesting of the wheat in 70 days, and shortens the fertility period of 160-180 days originally by about 2/3;
(3) Wheat seeds are sown into 72-hole trays, thereby defining a planting depth and a planting density of wheat, increasing yield of the wheat with an appropriate planting density and contributing to photosynthesis while maintaining a germination rate of the wheat by the planting depth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of a planting device with multi-stage cultivation illumination of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a preferred embodiment of the cultivation tank at the beginning of the nutrition phase of the invention.
List of reference numerals
1: a plant growth stage change detection module; 2: a processing module; 3: an environmental control module; 4: planting basket; 5: a cultivation groove; 6: an illumination unit; 101: a stage detection unit; 102: a temperature detection unit; 103: a substrate humidity detection unit; 201: a receiving unit; 202: a result processing unit; 203: and a transmitting unit.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
The application relates to a planting device with multi-stage cultivation illumination, which comprises a plant growth stage change detection module 1, a processing module 2 and an environment control module 3. Wherein the plant growth stage change detection module 1 measures plant growth stage information, and the plant growth stage change detection module 1 includes a stage detection unit 101, a temperature detection unit 102, and a substrate humidity detection unit 103. The processing module 2 includes a receiving unit 201, a result processing unit 202, and a transmitting unit 203. The receiving unit 201 receives the plant growth stage information sent from the plant growth stage change detecting module 1, and sends the received plant growth stage information to the result processing unit 202. The result processing unit 202 is provided with detection parameters representing the plant growth stage and standard values of temperature and matrix humidity suitable for the stage, the result processing unit 202 compares and analyzes the plant growth stage information with the detection parameters, the temperature and the standard values of matrix humidity, and transmits the comparison and analysis result to the environmental control module 3 by the transmitting unit 203. According to the invention, the external environment change of the plant growth multiple stages is regulated and controlled, and the illumination parameters are dynamically controlled through the illumination unit 6, so that each stage of the plant is in the optimal growth environment, the growth period of the plant is shortened, and the rapid yield increase and harvest of the plant are realized. The environment adjustment process is dynamically adjusted through preset parameters, so that the labor cost is saved, the change of the plant growth environment is automatically detected, and automatic breeding is realized. Automatically adjusts the growth, reproductive development and morphogenesis of plants, shortens the growth period, improves the quality, and reduces the energy consumption and the cost. Compared with artificial cultivation, the device has detection and management functions, and achieves real-time control of plant multi-stage environments.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plant is in a growth stage comprising at least a seedling stage, a nutrition stage and a reproduction stage, wherein at least seed soaking and sowing are further included before the seedling stage.
According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental control module 3 dynamically adjusts the illumination parameters of the illumination unit 6 to shorten the plant's growing cycle based at least on the current plant's growing stage and the environmental parameters in the current growing environment.
According to a preferred embodiment, the irradiation parameters comprise at least: the illumination intensity, the photoperiod and the light quality ratio, wherein the environment control module 3 dynamically adjusts the illumination parameters of the illumination unit 6 based at least on the following formula:
x(S，H)＝y(Q，T，P)
in the above formula, S represents the current plant growth stage, H represents an environmental parameter in the current growth environment, Q represents the illumination intensity, T represents the photoperiod, and P represents the light quality ratio.
S, H, Q, T, P in the above formula is set, modified or saved by the environmental control module 3 before the plant is subjected to multi-stage cultivation.
According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental parameters in the current growth environment comprise at least: the ambient temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 102; the soil humidity detected by the matrix humidity detecting unit 103; and aeroponic parameters derived by the environmental control module 3 based on the ambient temperature, soil humidity and the current plant growth stage. The description of each parameter and stage in the present invention is made by taking wheat as an example, and does not represent that the present invention can be used for cultivation of other plants, such as rice.
According to a preferred embodiment, the aeroponic parameters include the formulation and the ratio of the nutrient solution at the current stage of plant growth.
Preferably, during seed soaking and sowing prior to the seedling stage, the environmental parameters should be maintained within the following ranges:
seed soaking: soaking wheat seeds in water at 20-50 deg.c for 8-24 hr.
Sowing: sowing the seeds which are water-absorbed and white-exposed into a 72-hole cave dish, and paving part of turf matrix in the cave dish before sowing the seeds. After sowing, the holes are filled with turf, leveled, and then the hole tray is wetted by water. The plug can provide a dark environment or be placed in a dark place to wait for the emergence of seeds, the temperature is controlled at 14-16 ℃ during the period, and the humidity of the matrix is controlled at 60-90%.
Preferably, during the seedling stage, the environmental parameters should be kept within the following ranges:
the plug is made by manual or mechanical workUnder the effect of transfer to an environment capable of receiving light, the lighting unit 6 is used to provide at least part or all of the light source to the wheat. Further, the illumination unit 6 is configured to enable adjustment of a plurality of light parameters. The illumination unit 6 illumination parameters are determined by the current plant growth stage and the environmental parameters in the current growth environment. At this stage, the wheat is in the seedling stage. The temperature control part receives current plant growth stage information (seedling stage) and controls the temperature to 15-18 ℃. The humidity supply part receives growth stage information (seedling stage) of the current plant and controls the humidity of the substrate to 60% -80%. At this stage the aeroponic parameter was zero. That is, s=seedling stage, h= (15 to 18 ℃,60 to 80%, 0). After the environmental parameters detected by the plant growth stage change detection module 1 are stable, the environmental control module 3 receives control signals and controls the light emitting illumination intensity Q of the illumination unit 6 to be 80-120 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The photoperiod T is controlled between 12 and 15 hours, and the light quality ratio P is red/blue=3-5:1. In this environment, the plants were cultivated for 7 to 10 days so that the wheat plant height was between 5 and 15 cm. The temperature according to the invention shall mean at least the ambient temperature associated with the growth of the wheat and the humidity of the substrate shall mean at least the humidity of the substrate in which the wheat is located. In the case where the wheat plant height is between 5 and 15cm, the stage detection unit 101 judges that the wheat enters the nutritional stage.
Preferably, during the nutritional phase, the environmental parameters should be kept within the following ranges:
the wheat is transferred from the whole lump in the plug tray to the planting basket 4, and then the planting basket 4 is placed in the cultivation groove 5, the planting basket 4 is round, the inner diameter is 3.0 cm-5.0 cm, the outer diameter is 4.0 cm-7.0 cm, and the height is 3.0 cm-7.0 cm. At this stage, the wheat is in the nutritional stage. The temperature control part receives growth stage information (nutrition stage) of the current plant and controls the temperature to 15-25 ℃. The humidity supply part receives the current plant growth stage information (nutrition stage) and controls the humidity of the substrate to be 60% -75%. The aeroponic parameters were not zero at this stage. The aeroponic parameters include: the method for generating atomized liquid in the direction of wheat is to supplement the required substances for the wheat by adopting liquid raw materialsThe mixed solution based on the Hoagland nutrient solution formula is modified in a way that 3.0-4.0 g of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate is additionally added into each 100L of nutrient solution, the EC value of the nutrient solution is controlled between 3.5-6.0, and the pH value is controlled between 5.5-6.5. In the aeroponic process, the aeroponic device also needs to control the size of the water droplet atomized particles to be between 5 micrometers and 0.5 millimeter, and the device is started once every 1 to 2 hours and works for 5 to 10 minutes each time. That is, s=nutrition phase, h= (15 to 25 ℃,60 to 75%, 1). After the environmental parameters detected by the plant growth stage change detection module 1 are stable, the environmental control module 3 receives control signals and controls the light emitting illumination intensity Q of the illumination unit 6 to be 150-250 mu mol m 2 ·s -1 The photoperiod T is controlled to be 14-20 hours, and the light quality ratio P is controlled to be white to red to blue=0.5-1.0 to 0-1.0: 0.0 to 0.5; the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to be 500-700 ppm in the light period of the illumination unit 6, and 300-450 ppm in the dark period. The wheat is cultivated until the wheat booting stage, and the stage detection unit 101 judges that the wheat enters the reproduction stage.
Preferably, the environmental parameters should remain within the following ranges during the reproductive phase:
after the wheat has drawn off the first ear, the wheat is in the reproductive stage at this stage. The temperature control part receives the current plant growth stage information (reproduction stage) and controls the temperature to 25-30 ℃. The humidity supply part receives the current plant growth stage information (reproductive stage) and controls the substrate humidity to be 60% -70%, and the aeroponic parameter is not zero at the stage. The aeroponic parameters include: the method for generating atomized liquid in the direction of wheat is a mixed liquid based on a Hoagland nutrient solution formula, wherein 3.0-4.0 g of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and 2.0-5.0 g of sodium tetraborate are additionally added into each 100L of nutrient solution, and the EC value of the nutrient solution is controlled between 3.5 and 6.0, and the pH value is controlled between 5.5 and 7.0. In the aeroponic process, the aeroponic device also needs to control the size of the water droplet atomized particles to be between 5 micrometers and 0.5 millimeter, and the device is started once every 1 to 2 hours and works for 5 to 10 minutes each time. Namely, s=reproductive phase, h= (25 to 30 ℃,6 °c0% -70%, 2) after the environmental parameters detected by the plant growth stage change detection module 1 are stable, the environmental control module 3 receives control signals and controls the light emitting illumination intensity Q of the illumination unit 6 to be 250-400 mu mol.m -2 ·S -1 The photoperiod T is controlled to be 16-20 hours, and the light quality ratio P is controlled to be white to red to blue light=0.5-1.0 to 0-1.0 to 0.0-0.5; the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled to be 600-1000 ppm during the light period of the illumination unit 6, and controlled to be 300-450 ppm during the dark period.
The stage detection unit 101 is used for judging the stage of the wheat, or the working parameters of each component can be selected to be switched after the current growth state of the wheat is manually known. Through the configuration, the control of the aeroponic parameter, the environmental parameter and the irradiation parameter in the plant factory environment realizes the booting and heading flowering of the wheat in 28 days and 32 days after the field planting of the wheat, realizes the harvesting of the wheat in 70 days, and shortens the original growth period of 160-180 days by about 2/3.
According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection unit 101 monitors the leaves of the plant based at least on the visual sensor to obtain the current leaf area index of the corresponding plant, the leaf area index being a detection parameter characterizing the growth stage of the plant, and the result processing unit 202 determines the growth stage in which the plant is located based on the leaf area index size. The leaf area index refers to the multiple of the total plant leaf area over the land area per unit area. In the present invention, leaf area index is used as a dynamic index for defining plant development. The leaf area index can also determine plant vigor, for example, as an important indicator of plant photosynthesis, transpiration, and various plant physiological processes, to monitor plant growth during cultivation, and to perform targeted cultivation measures. Preferably, the vision sensor obtains image information of the plant and based on the image processing technology, a relation model between the image leaf area index and the plant leaf area index is established, so that the current leaf area index of the corresponding plant in real time is obtained. The efficiency of obtaining the blade area index is improved by the image processing technology. Preferably, for a plant to be tested with multiple complex backgrounds, a model for the plant under the background can be established by performing contrast fitting on the data obtained by image processing and the leaf area index data actually measured by a direct measurement method. The method has the advantages that the measurement accuracy of the plant leaf area index can be effectively improved by establishing a new model, and when the leaf area index is detected under the background, the new model can be directly called, so that a great amount of calculation time is saved, the new model is established by taking the leaf area index detected by a direct measurement method as calibration group data only in the first measurement, the calculation error is reduced, and the scientific index is improved for plant cultivation.
According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection unit 101 also obtains the current chlorophyll content of the corresponding plant based on digital image processing techniques. Preferably, the stage detection unit 101 performs image acquisition of the plant at least by means of a camera and obtains the current chlorophyll content of the corresponding plant based on digital image processing techniques. Chlorophyll content can be used to correct the growth stage in which the plant is located.
According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection unit 101 acquires at least one parameter related to the current state of the plant and acquires another parameter related to the current state of the plant different from the above parameters, combines the parameters acquired by the quantitative analysis, and determines whether the conclusion of the current plant growth stage can be reached. If so, outputting the information of the current plant growth stage, and if not, continuously acquiring another different parameter related to the current state of the plant, and continuously carrying out combination quantitative analysis until a conclusion of the current plant growth stage can be obtained. The parameters at least comprise leaf area index, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis condition, leaf shape, leaf color, growth direction, soil emergence height, heading condition, carbon dioxide emission, light absorption parameters, plant height, plant shape, plant spacing, leaf shading shadow, leaf overlapping area, starch deposition amount, plant color, plant special character, plant special tissue shape and the like. The invention particularly judges the growth stage of the plant according to the leaf area index and the chlorophyll content. The leaf area index can be used as a basic index for judging the growth stage of the plant, and the chlorophyll content can be used as a calibration index for the plant. Preferably, the specific measurement method of chlorophyll content comprises the following steps: acquiring an image of the plant to be detected by a visual sensor or other scanning equipment; chlorophyll content is detected based on various color features in the obtained image. The chlorophyll content has a strong correlation with the spectral characteristics of the leaves, and nondestructive detection of chlorophyll by a hyperspectral imaging technology is beneficial to establishment of a plant model. In this example, the plant is described with wheat as a specific example, but does not represent that the apparatus and method of the present invention cannot be used for the rest of the plant. For wheat, multiple growth stages of wheat have different chlorophyll content characteristics. When wheat is soaked and sown, the chlorophyll content is zero. The chlorophyll content of wheat increases linearly as the wheat progresses from the sprouting, nutritional and reproductive stages. According to the invention, the current growth stage of the wheat is obtained by judging the different chlorophyll contents of each stage. The dual discrimination mode of leaf area index and chlorophyll content increases the accuracy of plant growth stage discrimination.
According to a preferred embodiment, the chlorophyll content is also used for the adjustment of the aeroponic parameters by the environmental control module 3. Chlorophyll is used as the most main pigment in the photosynthesis process of plants, and the detection of chlorophyll is not only in judging the current stage of the plants, but also in detecting the photosynthesis efficiency of the plants and the nitrogen content of the plants. The photosynthesis efficiency and the nitrogen content can guide scientific fertilization and cultivation of plants, thereby improving the yield and the quality of the plants, and being an important index of the physiological state of the plants. Chlorophyll content directly affects the efficiency of photosynthesis of plants and the accumulation of organic substances, and when the chlorophyll content of plants fluctuates negatively, unexpected changes, such as environmental changes, appear in the plant growth process. When the chlorophyll content is reduced, the aeroponic parameters can be adjusted to prevent the reduction trend of the aeroponic parameters.
According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental control module 3 selects the illumination intensity before illumination is performed; when the plant is in a seedling stage, the photoperiod is 12-15, and the light quality ratio is controlled to be red: blue = 3-5: 1, a step of; when the wheat is in a nutrition stage, the photoperiod is 14-20, and the light quality ratio is controlled to be white to red to blue=0.5-1.0 to 0-1.0 to 0.0-0.5; when the wheat is in the reproduction stage, the photoperiod is 16-20, and the light ratio is controlled to be white to red to blue=0.5-1.0 to 0-1.0 to 0.0-0.5.
The invention also relates to a method of the planting device with multi-stage cultivation illumination, which comprises the following steps: determining plant growth stage information; receiving the plant growth stage information sent from the plant growth stage change detection module 1, and sending the received plant growth stage information to the result processing unit 202; the result processing unit 202 is provided with a detection parameter representing the plant growth stage and an environmental parameter suitable for the stage, and the result processing unit 202 compares the plant growth stage information with the detection parameter and the environmental parameter for analysis, and transmits the comparison analysis result to the environmental control module 3 by the transmitting unit 203.
According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental control module 3 dynamically adjusts the illumination parameters of the illumination unit 6 to shorten the plant's growing cycle based at least on the current plant's growing stage and the environmental parameters in the current growing environment.
Example 2
This embodiment is a further complement to the embodiments described above.
In the prior art, in the process of illuminating plants, the plants are usually illuminated in a controllable manner by controlling the intensity of illumination emitted by an illumination unit or other light emitting devices. However, when the plant is in different growth stages, the factors such as the leaf size, the leaf number, the chlorophyll content, the light receiving area, the plant spacing, the leaf shading shadow, the leaf overlapping area and the like are different, so that the plant cannot fully absorb the illumination emitted by the illumination unit or other light emitting devices, and the problem that part of illumination is directly irradiated on the ground and not absorbed by the plant, so that the light receiving amount of the plant cannot reach a target value or even is excessively different from the target value, and the growth period of the plant is influenced.
According to a preferred embodiment, the device further comprises a light absorbing plate arranged in the cultivation tank, the light absorbing plate is used for detecting the residual illumination quantity after photosynthesis absorption of the plants under the irradiation of the illumination unit, and the processing module calculates the She Zhebi coefficient based on the residual illumination quantity detected by the light absorbing plate and the illumination quantity emitted by the illumination unit. The light absorption plate can be made of glass or other light-transmitting materials, and a thermocouple, a photoelectric tube or the like is adopted to detect the light receiving quantity of the light absorption plate (or a built-in illumination probe) so as to ensure the accuracy of photon flux detection. The detection method of the illumination unit and the light absorption plate comprises the following steps: PPF and PPFD methods. PPF detects the total amount of light generated per second by a light source, i.e. the standard photon flux emitted per second by a light source, which is suitable for detection of lighting units. PPF measures the "photons of light emitted by the illumination system per second" that is, the number of photons per second on a given surface, which can be used for detection of the amount of light received by the light absorbing plate.
The invention obtains the actual light receiving amount of the plant by arranging the light absorbing plate in the plant cultivation groove and obtaining the light receiving amount of the light absorbing plate in real time and subtracting the light receiving amount (or called the light receiving amount) of the light absorbing plate from the light emitting amount of the light emitting unit. The ratio of the actual light receiving amount of the plant to the light emitting amount of the light emitting unit is the leaf shading coefficient of the plant. Which reflects the amount of illumination that the plant is able to absorb under the current illumination intensity. On the basis of obtaining She Zhebi coefficients, the light receiving quantity of the plants can be controlled in real time by controlling the illuminance value emitted by the illumination unit and combining the current She Zhebi coefficients of the plants, so that the optimal cultivation requirements are met, the growth period of the plants is shortened, the quality is improved, the energy consumption and the cost are reduced, and the rapid yield increase and harvest of the plants are realized. The She Zhebi coefficient characterizes the actual light-receiving amount of a plant and can reflect the plant's ability to absorb light at the current stage. In the present invention, the light amount, the light intensity, the light receiving amount and the illuminance value refer to the photon flux. In the present invention, the plant cover is the range covered by the plant leaves, which gradually increases during the growth of the plant. The plant cover is a time-dependent variable, also a variable relating to the ratio of the blade area to the blade clearance area. In this regard, the present invention introduces a She Zhebi coefficient to establish the value of the illuminance absorbed by the plant. In the present invention, she Zhebi coefficient means: under the condition that the illumination unit provides certain illumination intensity, the ratio of the actual illumination intensity absorbed by the photosynthesis of the plants to the illumination intensity emitted by the illumination unit. The illumination intensity is a time dependent, she Zhebi coefficient dependent variable with respect to the plant cover. Considering that the light-emitting intensity of the light-emitting unit is not enough to accurately evaluate the light-receiving amount of the plant, the invention creatively provides that the She Zhebi coefficient is taken as an important parameter in the plant growth process, and the light-emitting amount of the light-emitting unit is adjusted according to different leaf distribution characteristics of different stages of the plant so as to enable the light-receiving amount of the plant to reach a target value.
According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module derives a profile of the She Zhebi coefficient based at least on a single cultivation of the plant and uses the profile for the next cultivation or several cultivation to adjust the amount of light emitted by the lighting unit. According to the invention, the change curve of the She Zhebi coefficient of the plant along the time axis can be detected in a single cultivation process of the plant, and the curve is used as a reference curve for cultivating the plant later to be used in the next cultivation process or a plurality of cultivation processes, so that the light quantity emitted by the light unit is adjusted, and the light receiving quantity of the plant is within the target value range.
According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module also adjusts the photoperiod of the lighting unit based on the total lighting intensity required by the plant at the current stage and the She Zhebi coefficient. Preferably, the processing module calculates the actual total light receiving amount of the plant based on the She Zhebi coefficient change curve to avoid the time delay of the illumination unit in illumination intensity adjustment. The time delay refers to: when the She Zhebi coefficient is suddenly changed, the illumination unit needs a certain response time and a certain adjustment time to adjust the illumination intensity to the illumination intensity required after the mutation of the leaf shielding coefficient, and the process is time delay. The above short-time variation means: the She Zhebi factor is changed two or more times in a short time so that the lighting unit needs to be adjusted next time when it is to be adjusted to the corresponding lighting intensity. Specifically, the processing module 2 adjusts the photoperiod of the lighting unit 6 based at least on short-time variations of the She Zhebi coefficient. The total required light intensity of the plants per day at each stage is constant. The amount of illumination that the lighting unit 6 needs to emit at this stage changes with the She Zhebi factor. However, the She Zhebi coefficient curve is suddenly increased or decreased, for example, the blades are shaken by external factors (natural wind), and under the influence of the factors, the shading shadow of the blades, the overlapping area of the blades and the like are changed, so that the She Zhebi coefficient is changed in a short time. The short-time change may also have a return, i.e. may return to the normal curve after the short-time change has occurred. Preferably, the processing module calculates the actual total illumination intensity of the plant at this stage on the basis of the She Zhebi coefficient curve to eliminate the callback effect of short-time variations and thereby adjust the photoperiod of the illumination unit so that the total illumination intensity of the plant meets the target value. The adjustment of the amount of illumination that the lighting unit 6 needs to emit at this stage does not take place instantaneously, the adjustment of which takes a certain time, and the adjustment is a linear adjustment. For example, the amount of emitted light is linearly increased or decreased to a target value. This adjustment takes several seconds or even tens of seconds, and if the She Zhebi coefficient returns to the normal curve during this period, the lighting unit 6 needs to emit light in this stage and returns to the normal value. Therefore, the actual light receiving amount of the plant during this period is difficult to calculate by the amount of emitted light of the light unit 6. Short-time errors occur in the total illumination intensity of the plant in the period, so that the total illumination intensity does not meet the target value, and the growth and development of the plant are affected. The callback means: when the leaf is subjected to short-time influence of external factors, the She Zhebi coefficient changes in short time, and after the change is finished, the She Zhebi coefficient returns to a normal value, but the change causes the change of the illumination amount. In contrast, the invention calculates the actual total illumination intensity of the plant in the day at the stage according to the She Zhebi coefficient curve, and adjusts the light cycle of the illumination unit 6 accordingly, so that the total illumination intensity of the plant meets the target value. Preferably, the total illumination intensity is calculated in that the illumination intensity emitted by the illumination unit 6 is multiplied by the illumination time. The illumination intensity emitted by the illumination unit 6 is equal to the illumination intensity required by the plant multiplied by a She Zhebi coefficient, and for this purpose, the calculation of the total illumination intensity can be converted into: the required illumination intensity of the plant is multiplied by She Zhebi coefficient and is multiplied by illumination time, and the formula is as follows:
Q total (S) ＝Q×ε×t
Whereas the leaf shading profile of the present invention is a She Zhebi coefficient profile on the time axis. In this regard, the She Zhebi coefficient is differentiated to obtain a value of She Zhebi coefficient multiplied by the illumination time, so as to calculate the total illumination intensity of the plant in this stage. The formula is:
Q total (S) ＝Q×dε
The total illumination intensity calculated by the above method is error-free because it is obtained by directly calculating the change of the plant She Zhebi coefficient. The total illumination intensity thus calculated can determine the photoperiod of the lighting unit 6. When the calculated total illumination intensity reaches the target value, the light cycle of the illumination unit 6 ends. If the calculated total illumination intensity is lower than the target value, the illumination unit 6 continues the illumination. The invention calculates the total illumination intensity of the plant in the day at the stage based on the change curve of the She Zhebi coefficient, eliminates the error caused by the abrupt change of the illumination quantity due to the abrupt change of the She Zhebi coefficient, and ensures that the total illumination intensity of the plant is within the target value range.
Throughout this document, the word "preferably" is used in a generic sense to mean only one alternative, and not to be construed as necessarily required, so that the applicant reserves the right to forego or delete the relevant preferred feature at any time.
It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are exemplary, and that a person skilled in the art, in light of the present disclosure, may devise various solutions that fall within the scope of the present disclosure and fall within the scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present description and drawings are illustrative and not limiting to the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A planting device with multi-stage cultivation illumination, which is characterized by comprising a plant growth stage change detection module (1), a processing module (2) and an environment control module (3);
the plant growth stage change detection module (1) is used for measuring plant growth stage information, and the plant growth stage change detection module (1) comprises a stage detection unit (101), a temperature detection unit (102) and a matrix humidity detection unit (103);
the processing module (2) comprises a receiving unit (201), a result processing unit (202) and a transmitting unit (203), wherein the receiving unit (201) receives the plant growth stage information sent by the plant growth stage change detecting module (1) and transmits the received plant growth stage information to the result processing unit (202), the result processing unit (202) is provided with detection parameters representing the plant growth stage and standard values of temperature and matrix humidity suitable for the stage, the result processing unit (202) compares the plant growth stage information with the detection parameters, the standard values of temperature and matrix humidity, and the comparison analysis result is transmitted to the environment control module (3) by the transmitting unit (203).
2. A planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the environment control module (3) dynamically adjusts the lighting parameters of the lighting unit (6) based at least on the current plant's growth stage and the environmental parameters in the current growing environment to shorten the plant's growing period.
3. A planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lighting parameters comprise at least: the illumination intensity, the photoperiod and the light quality ratio, wherein the environment control module (3) dynamically adjusts the illumination parameters of the illumination unit (6) at least based on the following formula,
x(S，H)＝y(Q，T，P)
in the formula, S represents the growth stage of the current plant, H represents the environmental parameter in the current growth environment, Q represents the illumination intensity, T represents the photoperiod, P represents the light quality ratio,
s, H, Q, T, P in the above formula is set, modified or saved by the environmental control module (3) prior to multi-stage cultivation of the plant.
4. A planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the environmental parameters in the current growing environment comprise at least:
-an ambient temperature detected by the temperature detection unit (102);
-soil humidity detected by the matrix humidity detection unit (103); and
the aeroponic parameters derived by the environmental control module (3) are based on the ambient temperature, soil humidity and the current plant growth stage.
5. A planting device with multi-stage cultivation illumination according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the aeroponic parameters include the formulation and the ratio of nutrient solution in the current plant growth stage.
6. A planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the stage detection unit (101) monitors the leaves of the plant based at least on visual sensors to obtain the current leaf area index of the corresponding plant, which leaf area index is used as a detection parameter for representing the plant growth stage, and the result processing unit (202) judges the growth stage in which the plant is located based on the leaf area index.
7. A planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting as claimed in any one of the claims 1-6, characterized in that the stage detection unit (101) is further based on digital image processing techniques to obtain a current chlorophyll content of the corresponding plant, which can be used for calibrating the growth stage in which the plant is located.
8. A planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting as claimed in any one of the claims 1-7, characterized in that the environmental control module (3) selects the lighting intensity before lighting;
when the plant is in a seedling stage, the photoperiod is 12-15, and the light quality ratio is controlled to be red/blue=3-5:1;
when the wheat is in a nutrition stage, the photoperiod is 14-20, the light quality ratio is controlled to be white:red light:blue light=0.5-1.0:0-1.0:0.0-0.5;
when the wheat is in the reproduction stage, the photoperiod is 16-20, and the light ratio is controlled to be white to red light to blue light=0.5-1.0:0-1.0:0.0-0.5.
9. A method of a planting device with multi-stage cultivation illumination according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises:
determining plant growth stage information;
receiving the plant growth stage information sent by the plant growth stage change detection module (1), and sending the received plant growth stage information to the result processing unit (202);
the result processing unit (202) is provided with detection parameters representing the plant growth stage and environment parameters suitable for the stage, the result processing unit (202) compares and analyzes the plant growth stage information with the detection parameters and the environment parameters, and the comparison and analysis result is transmitted to the environment control module (3) by the transmitting unit (203).
10. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the environment control module (3) dynamically adjusts the illumination parameters of the illumination unit (6) based at least on the current plant growth stage and the environmental parameters in the current growth environment to shorten the plant growth cycle.
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| CN202310338557.5A Pending CN116439049A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-03-31 | Humidity control planting system and method based on plant growth period |
| CN202310338566.4A Pending CN116235732A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-03-31 | Planting device and method capable of regulating humidity |
| CN202310367648.1A Pending CN116301115A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-04-07 | Plant factory temperature control planting device and method |
| CN202310415740.0A Pending CN116326468A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-04-18 | Plant planting system with aeroponic function and use method |
| CN202310415741.5A Pending CN116195507A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-04-18 | A aeroponics unit for plant growing system |
| CN202310466655.7A Pending CN116458422A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-04-26 | Planting system for regulating and controlling plant growth period multi-stage illumination |
| CN202310471055.XA Pending CN116491406A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-04-26 | Planting device and method with multi-stage cultivation illumination |
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| CN202310338557.5A Pending CN116439049A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-03-31 | Humidity control planting system and method based on plant growth period |
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| CN117170444A (en) * | 2023-10-13 | 2023-12-05 | 山东尊悦农业开发有限公司 | Control method and system for automatic seedling raising machine |
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| CN116235776A (en) | 2023-06-09 |
| CN116458422A (en) | 2023-07-21 |
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| CN116439049A (en) | 2023-07-18 |
| CN116326468A (en) | 2023-06-27 |
| CN116301115A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
| CN116195507A (en) | 2023-06-02 |
| CN116138157A (en) | 2023-05-23 |
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