KR101372605B1 - Hydroponic cultivating apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a sprayer type hydroponic cultivation apparatus supplying a nutrient solution to roots in a spray method using a nozzle, in which spray tools are formed in a cultivation box consisting of a box with an inner space, and a vegetation plate; the spray tools has a structure having nozzles with a slope upward in the state of mutually facing on both walls of the box so that a nutrient solution is sprayed in the state that the nozzles are separated from the bottom to minimize the volume of the cultivation box; and the nozzles are formed to be able to adjust the angle so that the growth efficiency is improved by adjusting the spray angle of the nutrient solution according to the growth status of plants. Further, the cultivation box is equipped with a drainage means, which discharges water according to a siphonage phenomenon, and a growth lamp and a scattered reflection plate are mounted in the cultivation box so as to improve the growth efficiency.

Description

Hydroponic cultivation apparatus

The present invention relates to a spray-type hydroponic cultivator for supplying nutrients to the roots by the spray method using a nozzle, minimizing the installation space by reducing the size of the cultivation box and improving the growth conditions while making the nutrient solution spraying efficiently. It is about a hydroponic cultivator to increase the.

In general, hydroponic cultivation is classified into immersion type, thin film type, and spray type according to the method of supplying nutrient solution. The immersion type is a traditional hydroponic method of underwater levitation method using styrofoam. It is a way to supply the nutrient solution to the root by supplying while flowing, spray hard type means to supply by spraying the nutrient solution into fine particles.

Among them, the immersion type and the thin film type have a problem of causing environmental pollution due to too much nutrient solution being used with low growth efficiency. Recently, a spray hard type spraying nutrient solution to the roots using a nozzle is recommended.

Spray hydroponic cultivation has a good supply of oxygen because of its roots floating in the air and high growth efficiency compared to other methods, and because it uses less nutrient solution, it is easy to prepare and change nutrient solution, and it is easy to control temperature and almost no environmental pollution. While it has the advantage of being able to grow sensitive plants (eg ginseng), the spray hard type uses a small but high supply pressure gear pump to repeatedly dissolve the nutrient solution (nutrient) dissolved in water by electronic method. In this way, there is a problem that the plant cultivated in a few hours when the malfunction of the timer or a power outage occurs due to the structure of the electronic spraying method.

Therefore, spray hardening has many advantages, but the disadvantage is so fatal that there is always a risk in use.

In addition, the conventional spray nozzle structure is a structure that sprays directly under the root of the plant root, and since the spray angle of these nozzles is very limited, a large number of nozzles and piping are inevitably required, and the nutrient solution is sprayed to the root as a whole. In order to secure the spray angle, the height of the growing box must be at least 20-30 cm, so the size of the growing box is inevitably increased.

Therefore, space utilization is very low because it is not possible to place a lot of cultivation boxes in a limited space, which leads to a decrease in yield is required for improvement.

In addition, the injection method in the lower part often provides a tank for filling the nutrient solution for each cultivation box so that the nutrient solution can be sprayed with many injection nozzles directly under the root of the plant. In this case, the production cost is excessively increased compared to the growth efficiency. It is not economical because it occurs, each tank is equipped with a tank, each tank is filled with nutrient solution, washing and maintenance work is very inconvenient to use.

When moss or green algae grows inside these growers, the spray nozzles located on the floor are frequently blocked, so the spraying volume of the nozzles may not be made uniformly and may be sprayed irregularly. The internal condition should be checked and checked from time to time, which is very cumbersome.

In particular, when light penetrates into the cultivation box, the components dissolved in the nutrient solution cause chemical changes or settle together, causing the plant to lose growth due to malnutrition, and cause odors. will be.

Therefore, the present invention in the spray hydroponic cultivation structure to grow the plant by spraying the nutrient solution to the nozzle, to minimize the nozzle for injecting the nutrient solution to control the spray angle to supply the nutrient solution efficiently according to the growth state of the plant It is to help growth and growth, and also to prevent the plant from being killed in the event of a similar situation such as a malfunction of the timer or a power failure.

In addition, the remaining amount of the supplied nutrient solution is to be recovered and resupply, and the circulation structure of the nutrient solution is made to be simple and easy to maintain.

In addition, while increasing the efficiency of the chlorophyll action and photosynthesis action of the plant to prevent the occurrence of moss or sediment on the inside of the cultivation box, while minimizing the amount of nutrient solution used to maintain the cultivation box.

To this end, the present invention is provided with a cultivation box consisting of a housing and a planting plate having an inner space and forming spraying means facing each other on both side walls of the housing so that the spraying means is mounted at a height spaced upward from the bottom surface, The spray angle of the nutrient solution can be adjusted up and down while the spraying direction of the spray means is inclined upward, and the volume (height) of the growing box can be made slim, but the spray angle can be set at an angle effective for growth according to the growth state of the plant. It would be.

At this time, the injection of the nutrient solution is sprayed directly by using a nozzle, or by providing a separate nutrient solution supply pipe in order to perform the air injection through the nozzle at normal times, the nutrient solution is supplied by supplying the nutrient solution through the supply pipe only when necessary In this case, the injection operation of the nutrient solution is automatically performed by the operation of the supply device and the timer.

In addition, while providing a drainage means in the cultivation box so that the flow path of the drainage means is U-shaped so that when the amount of nutrient solution remaining in the cultivation box exceeds the boundary surface, it can be discharged to the storage tank by the siphon phenomenon. It is to make maintenance simple.

In addition, the growth lamp is mounted on the top of each growing box, and the diffuser plate is attached to the top of each planting box to increase the growth efficiency by chlorophyll and photosynthesis of plants. It would be.

Therefore, the present invention is evenly sprayed with nutrient solution to the plants planted in the cultivation box with only a few nozzles, so that the spraying can be efficiently carried out, so that the growth cycle of the plant can be shortened by promoting growth while still growing the plants healthy. It will be able to increase the production efficiency.

In addition, even when a timer malfunctions or a power outage occurs, the roots do not dry out due to the nutrient solution remaining in the cultivation box, eliminating the risk factors that are disadvantages of the spraying method. When the nutrient solution over the surface of the water is collected, all the dirt and sediment remaining on the floor are discharged at the same time, so it is easy to maintain without additional management, and the attachment structure including the nozzle is simple, making it easy to manufacture and It is easy to clean.

In addition, the installation cost can be reduced by minimizing the number of nozzles, and the amount of nutrient solution can be significantly reduced, so that multiple cultivation boxes can be installed in multiple layers on the top of one nutrient solution tank, thus making efficient use of space and very economical. In addition, the amount of nutrient solution discarded after use can be significantly reduced by about 1/10 compared to the conventional immersion formula, which can reduce the environmental pollution caused by nutrient solution.Since the air flows from the upper hose through the siphon action, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution is naturally Increase the air circulation to help the oxygen breathing.

And after supplying nutrition by spray method, it is possible to cultivate water-avoiding plants such as ginseng that was not possible to cultivate hydroponically by drying the roots by continuously flowing air, and oxygen contained in the supplied air By assisting the oxygen breathing of the plant to help the growth, thereby preventing the root rot disease and dizziness disease will significantly reduce mortality and can be expected to increase the yield.

In addition, the use of growth lamps saves energy and reduces management costs. Despite the fact that the growth lamps are placed in close proximity to plants, they can prevent thermal degradation of plants and maximize growth efficiency. Maximum growth effect will be obtained.

1 is a perspective view showing the structure of the cultivation box and the spray means of the present invention
2 is a cross-sectional view showing a hydroponic cultivation structure of the present invention
2a,
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the hydroponic cultivator of the present invention mounted on the frame
Figure 4 is a schematic view showing a control structure of the spray means of the present invention
Figure 5 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the spray means of the present invention
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the nutrient solution of the cultivation box of the present invention is drained
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the grower of the present invention
8 is a front view of a state in which the cultivation box of the present invention is mounted to the frame
Figure 9 is a perspective view showing a structure in which the diffuse reflection plate is overlaid on the planting plate of the present invention
10 is a schematic view showing a light reflecting structure in a state in which a growth lamp and a diffuse reflection plate of the present invention are mounted;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention forms a cultivation box 10 in a structure for mounting a planting plate 12 for planting plants on top of the housing 11 having an inner space (11a) as shown in Figures 1 to 4 In the housing 11 of the cultivation box 10, spraying means 20 is formed near the lower edges of both sidewalls, and the nutrient solution is supplied from the outside of the cultivation box 10. It is to be able to spray, such that the spray means 20 to adjust the angle of the spraying means according to the growth state of the plant to be made.

At this time, the spraying means 20 is formed on both side walls (11b) of the housing 11 to face each other or to correspond to each other near the corners on both sides of the bottom surface (11c) while the spraying means (20) is the bottom surface ( 11c) to be mounted at a height spaced upwardly, and the spraying angle of the nozzle 22 is positioned such that the spraying direction of the spraying means 20 is inclined upward so that the spraying angle can be adjusted according to the growth state of the plant.

In other words, the roots are less formed at the initial stage after germination, so that the absorption of moisture and nutrients may be insufficient. In this case, the spraying angle of the nozzle 22 is adjusted to be close to the vertical so that the spray is concentrated on the roots to promote growth. On the other hand, after the roots of the plant have grown to some extent, the spray angle of the nozzle 22 is adjusted to be inclined upwardly, or adjusted to be close to the horizontal, so that the nutrient solution is sprayed to the opposite wall to make a cross spray, and thus the cultivation box 10 It will be able to spray the nutrient solution evenly inside.

Thus, for example, about three weeks after sowing, roots are formed enough to be planted in the cultivation box. However, this allows lettuce to be planted within two weeks, and thus can be grown about 10 times a year. In the case of 11 to 12 times a year can be cultivated will be able to significantly improve the production efficiency.

In addition, since the spray means 20 is disposed on the side, the nutrient solution is accumulated in the lower portion of the housing 11, so that the nutrient solution can be temporarily stored in the lower portion of the housing 11, so that the advantages of spray hydroponic cultivation and thin film hydroponic cultivation It has all the advantages.

That is, even though the height of the cultivation box 10 is formed to be low, the spraying is made evenly, and as the height of the cultivation box 10 is made low, even the early growth plants (plants with relatively short root lengths) are bottomed out. Since the surface can be touched, the effect of thin film hydroponic cultivation can be obtained.

At this time, the structure of the spray means 20 is a plurality of nozzles 22 are connected by the tube 21 to the nutrient solution contained in the storage tank 30 provided on the outside of the cultivation box 10 by using a pump. It is supplied to the tube 21 and the nozzle 22 to inject the nutrient solution, and the tube 21 or the nozzle 22 is fixed by the mounting element 23 fixed to the side wall 11b of the enclosure 11. It is fixed so that the angle can be adjusted while being mounted to adjust the spray angle of the nozzle 22 up and down, the tube 21 is each tube 21 while using the flexible tube 21 is moved. Is connected to the fitting member 24 so that the plurality of nozzles 22 are connected in one flow path is to simplify the supply line of nutrient solution.

In addition, the fitting member 24 is preferably to use a one-touch fitting member, it is to use the fitting member 24 to easily adjust the nozzle spacing and the angle of the nozzle as well as to maintain the watertight. .

The tube 21 is mounted when the mounting element 23 is mounted so that the tube 21 penetrates through the head 23b of the suction plate 23a so as to be easily detachable. It is possible to simply adjust the angle up and down in the state coupled to the element 23, that is, the outer diameter of the tube 21 and the inner diameter of the head 23b through which the tube 21 penetrates are formed to correspond to each other Temporary fixation is performed with the friction means set to the angle of the spray means 20, so that the user can operate the tube 21, the nozzle 22, or the fitting member 24 to simplify the spray angle of the nozzle 22. It will be adjustable.

And when each tube 21 or nozzle 22 is connected to the operation bar (not shown), and the operation bar is pulled out to be exposed to the outside of the cultivation box 10, the user of the planting plate of the cultivation box 10 ( 12) it is possible to adjust the spray angle of the spray means 20 using the operation bar from the outside without opening, in this case scales such as display scale so that the adjusted angle of the spray means 20 can be checked from the outside It is preferable to form, and the angle control structure of the spray means 20 can be implemented in various forms in addition to the above-described structure.

On the other hand, the spray means 20 is formed in the supply pipe 25 for supplying the nutrient solution separately at one end of the nozzle 22, as shown in Figure 5 usually flows into the tube 21 and the nozzle 22 While the air injection is to be made through the supply of nutrient solution through the supply pipe 25 only when necessary (periodic injection of nutrient solution on a regular basis) is to be made to be injected of the nutrient solution.

That is, in the case of plants that avoid water, such as ginseng, root nutrients or diarrhea occurs when the nutrient solution adheres to the root for a long time. As described above, the roots can be dried by spraying air during the time when the nutrient solution is not sprayed. Therefore, it is possible to cultivate even plants that have not been hydroponic in the past, and plants that have already been hydroponic, including these plants, also contain oxygen in the air supplied to them, thereby improving oxygen efficiency of the plant to increase growth efficiency. It will be possible.

At this time, the nutrient solution supplied through the supply pipe 25 is preferably so that the nutrient solution is sucked by the negative pressure generated at the front end portion of the nozzle 22, the injection of the nutrient solution, the pressure is increased when the speed of the fluid It lowers and attracts the surrounding pressure, and it is preferable to inject the nutrient solution by the Bernoulli principle.

At this time, the diameter of the supply pipe 25 in consideration of the range does not interfere with the flow of air in consideration of the capacity of the pump for injecting air to install a supply pipe having an appropriate diameter so that the supply of nutrient solution can be made In this preferred embodiment, the position of the supply tube 25 is preferably positioned at the front end of the nozzle 22 for ease of cleaning and mounting, but such a supply tube 25 is provided at one end of the tube 21 or at the nozzle. The same effect can be generated even if it is mounted on the flow path through which air is supplied and diverged, such as directly connected to (22).

In addition, when nutrient solution is injected on the supply line of the nutrient solution, that is, directly through the nozzle 22, when the nutrient solution is injected through the tube 21 located on the supply line of the nutrient solution, or by using the supply pipe 25 In the supply pipe 25 is equipped with a supply device 26 for opening and closing operation to control the supply of nutrient solution, and when the supply device 26 is connected to the timer 27, periodically according to the set time of the timer 27 Opening and closing operation of the supply device 26 is to be made automatically it is possible to repeatedly supply the air and nutrient solution.

Therefore, it is possible to automatically supply the nutrient solution by periodically opening the supply device 26 without the need to supply the nutrient solution manually, it is possible to easily adjust the supply cycle of the nutrient solution according to the type of plant by setting the timer.

In this case, the supply device 26 may be formed as a valve of a simple opening and closing of the flow path, but more preferably formed by a pump to control the supply of nutrient solution.

On the other hand, the cultivation box 10 is to form a drainage means 40 in the housing 11 and the other end of the drainage means 40 is connected to the storage tank 30 when the nutrient solution is injected to the cultivation box 10 The remaining nutrient solution is to be re-supplied to the storage tank 30, it is to be injected while circulating the nutrient solution is to be able to significantly reduce the amount of nutrient solution discarded.

At this time, the drainage means 40 is equipped with a penetrating member 41 on the side wall (11b) of the housing 11 of the cultivation box 10, the penetrating member with the penetrating member 41 is mounted as a vertex. (41) If the flow path is formed in a letter to both sides it can be automatically discharged by the siphon phenomenon.

That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the nutrient solution remaining in the enclosure 11 after being sprayed on the plant reaches a boundary surface near the mounting member through which the penetrating member 41 is mounted. When the remaining nutrient solution gradually increases and exceeds the boundary surface, the nutrient solution is discharged through the drainage means 40 by atmospheric pressure, and the entire amount is discharged by the siphon phenomenon. All remaining dirt and sediment are discharged.

Therefore, there is no need to separately manage the nutrient solution or foreign matter, etc. remaining in the cultivation box 10 is easy to maintain, as well as easy to attach and detach the accessory including the nozzle, it is convenient to wash and use.

In addition, as the pressure difference occurs in the process of sucking water, the air is sucked together into the storage tank 30. In this process, the dissolved oxygen of the nutrient solution can be increased by the air sucked in, and the cultivation box ( If 10) is multi-layered, the siphon phenomenon of water intake is more frequent and the air supply is more active and the amount of dissolved oxygen in nutrient solution can be increased.

At this time, the housing 11 is to be reused while circulating the nutrient solution in a small amount by minimizing the temporary storage capacity of the remaining nutrient solution if the bottom surface 11c is inclined toward the drainage means 40 as shown in FIG. Even if a small amount of nutrient solution is stored, when the roots reach the bottom surface, the effect of thin-film hydroponic cultivation can be expected.

In addition, the cultivation box 10 is inserted into the frame 50 in which the storage space 51 is formed in a plurality of layers as shown in FIGS. 3 and 8 so that the cultivation box 10 can be formed in multiple layers. It is to be able to supply the nutrient solution to the plurality of cultivation boxes 10 to the storage tank 30, the growth lamp 60 is mounted on the upper surface of each storage space 51 to further increase the growth efficiency of the plant will be.

At this time, the growth lamp 60 is preferably equipped with an external electrode fluorescent lamp that generates less heat, such an external electrode fluorescent lamp to form a high frequency and high voltage to form a plasma reaction in the glass tube rather than a hot electron emission method light Because it is a cold heat method to give a plant will not give a laceration.

Therefore, as described above, by placing the spray means 20 on the side wall of the growing box 10, the height of the growing box 10 itself can be made low, as well as plant growth on the upper side of the growing box 10. Proximity irradiation is possible while the lamp is mounted, and thus the height of the growth box 10 is lowered, and the growth lamps are placed close to each other, thereby lowering the height of the storage space 51 formed in the frame 50. It is possible to stack a larger amount of the growing box 10, thereby maximizing the yield in a limited space.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the cultivation box 10 may further increase the growth efficiency by reflecting light emitted from the growth lamp 60 when the diffuse reflection plate 70 is mounted on the top surface of the planting plate 12. By minimizing the loss of light, efficient light reflection is made on the top of the cultivation box so that the light is irradiated to the bottom of the leaf of the plant, thereby increasing the efficiency of chlorophyll and photosynthetic action of the plant. It is made so that you can grow the plant evenly.

The structure of the diffuse reflection plate 70 is a diffuse reflection plate made of an irregular curved surface by laminating a nonwoven fabric 72 and a shrink film 73 to form an air layer on the back surface of the deposition film 71, and then quenching by heating. 70), that is, if it is heated in the bonded state and then quenched, it is preferable that the processing stress is different from each other so that the irregular curved surface is produced.

In this case, the deposition film 71 uses a reflectance of 80% or more, while laminating the long-fiber nonwoven fabric 72 and the shrinkage sheet 73 having a higher shrinkage relative to the deposition film 71 by depositing the deposition film 71. It is preferable to form irregular embossing on the upper surface of the diffuse reflection plate 30 while the shrink sheet 73 having a high shrinkage while cooling after the thermoplastic processing after cooling the pattern on the upper surface of the evaporation film 71. It is preferable to use a material such as PET, which has almost no thermal deformation, and the shrink film 73 preferably uses a material such as PE, in which deformation occurs when heat is applied.

Therefore, after attaching the produced diffuse reflection 70 to the upper surface of the planting plate 12 of the cultivation box 10, and then drilled a hole in the planting plate 12 and the diffuse reflection 70 and germinate the sponge in the hole By planting the seed of the plant or by using a pot to fix the plant to prevent light from penetrating the inside of the cultivation box, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of moss or green algae, even if already generated.

10: Crate 11: Enclosure
12: Food Board
20: spraying means 21: tube
22: nozzle 23: mounting element
24: fitting material 25: supply pipe
26: feeder 27: timer
30: storage tank
40: drainage means 41: through member
50: frame 51: storage
60: growth lamp
70: diffuse reflection plate

Claims (11)

Spray means for spraying the nutrient solution to the inside of the cultivation box 10 by receiving the nutrient solution from the outside to the cultivation box 10 formed with the planting plate 12 is mounted on the upper side of the housing 11 in which the inner space (11a) is formed 20 is formed, the spray means 20 is formed to face each other in the inner space (11a) of the housing 11 is made of a plurality of nozzles 22 are arranged in the tube 21 to supply the nutrient solution, The tube 21 or the nozzle 22 is mounted at a height spaced upwardly from the bottom surface 11c by a mounting element 23 fixed to the side wall 11b or the bottom surface 11c of the enclosure 11. The spray angle of the nozzle is inclined upwardly and the spraying direction of the spraying means 20 is mounted so that the angle can be adjusted by the mounting element 23 to adjust the spray angle of the nozzle 22 up and down to the growth state of the plant. Therefore, spray the nutrient solution directly to the bottom of the planting plate 12 or by spraying the opposite wall Hydroponic jaebaegi which allows injection to be adjusted so made. delete The tube 21 on the supply line for supplying nutrient solution is equipped with a supply device 26 for controlling the supply of nutrient solution, the supply device 26 being connected to a timer 27, Hydroponic cultivator, characterized in that the opening and closing operation of the supply device 26 is automatically made according to the set time to automatically supply the nutrient solution. According to claim 1, The spray means 20 is a plurality of nozzles 22 are arranged in the tube 21 is supplied air, the tube 21 or the nozzle 22 is a side wall of the housing 11 ( 11b) is mounted on the mounting element 23 fixed to the angle so as to adjust the spray angle of the nozzle 22 up and down, the supply pipe 25 to which the nutrient solution is supplied to one end of the nozzle 22 Hydroponic cultivator is characterized in that the injection of the nutrient solution by the negative pressure generated while the air is released from the nozzle (22). 5. The supply pipe (25) according to claim 4, wherein the supply pipe (25) is equipped with a supply device (26) for controlling the supply of nutrient solution, and the supply device (26) is connected to the timer (27) and periodically according to a set time of the timer. Hydroponic cultivation, characterized in that the opening and closing operation of the supply device 26 is automatically made to supply air and nutrient solution repeatedly. 5. The mounting element (23) according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the mounting element (23) consists of a soft suction plate (23a), and the tube (21) is mounted to penetrate the head (23b) of the suction plate (23a). While the angle adjustment of 20 is performed, the outer diameter of the tube 21 and the inner diameter of the head 23b through which the tube 21 penetrates are formed to correspond to each other, so that the angle of the spray means 20 is temporarily set by the friction force. Hydroponic cultivator characterized in that the fixing is made. The method of claim 1, wherein the spraying means 20 is connected to the storage tank 30 is stored nutrient solution is supplied to the nutrient solution, the cultivation box 10 is the drainage means 40 to the housing 11 Hydroponic cultivator, characterized in that the other end of the drain means 40 is connected to the storage tank 30 and sprayed after the nutrient solution remaining in the cultivation box 10 is supplied back to the storage tank (30). The method of claim 7, wherein the drainage means 40 is a penetrating member 41 is mounted on the side wall (11b) of the housing 11 of the cultivation box 10, a peak of the portion where the penetrating member 41 is mounted As a flow path is formed in the letter C on both sides of the penetrating member 41 and the nutrient solution is sprayed on the plant, the remaining amount is temporarily stored in the housing 11, and the remaining nutrient solution is discharged by the siphon phenomenon when the boundary surface is exceeded. Hydroponic cultivator. 9. Hydroponic cultivation according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the housing (11) has a bottom surface (11c) formed to be inclined toward the drainage means (40). The method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation box 10 is inserted into the frame 50 in which the storage space 51 is formed in a plurality of layers to form the cultivation box 10 in multiple layers, each storage space Hydroponic cultivator, characterized in that the growth lamp 60 made of an external electrode fluorescent lamp is mounted on the upper surface of the 51. The hydroponic cultivator according to claim 1 or 10, wherein the cultivation box (10) is covered with a diffuse reflection plate (70) on an upper surface of the planting plate (12).

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