CN116459322A - 一种治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物,以“滋肾健脾、清热止痒”为核心治则,提供一种特应性皮炎的中药组合物,快速减轻皮损、缓解瘙痒的作用,可明显减少糖皮质激素药膏的用药数量,避免因长期外用糖皮质激素药膏而引起的副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药组成技术领域,尤其涉及一种治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
特应性皮炎(Atopic Dermatitis,AD)是皮肤科常见的慢性复发性炎症性皮肤病,由于其皮损瘙痒剧烈、病程缠绵、极易复发,难以治疗或长期控制,一直是皮肤科同仁研究的热点和重点。研究显示,世界范围内15%-30%的儿童受到AD的影响,20%AD患者终身患病。研究显示我国1-7岁儿童患病率高达12.9%,成年人患病率为3.7-8.7%,呈逐年上升趋势。WHO研究显示,全球范围内AD患病人数高达2.3亿,剧烈瘙痒和皮损严重影响患者的正常生活,是疾病负担排行第一的皮肤疾病。
经过中医古籍学习,燕京赵氏皮科流派传承和本团队长期临床实践,我们认为特应性皮炎的核心病机为先天肾精不足,而致禀赋不耐。又因妈妈妊娠期间或母乳期间,饮食不当,过失肥甘厚味或滋补之品,导致胎有遗热。小儿心常有余,脾常不足,由于喂养不当、饮食不节,而致脾失健运,湿邪内蕴,日久则脾虚湿蕴脾肾不足,湿燥互化,故可见皮损粗糙肥厚,可伴有水肿、渗出。外感风、湿、热等邪气导致肺经风热;饮食不当,脾失健运又可致湿邪内蕴化热,外发肌肤故见红斑、丘疹。风、湿、热、燥均可致瘙痒,故患者瘙痒剧烈,夜寐难安。本病病机复杂,存在虚实夹杂,故属于皮肤科难治性疾病。脾肾虚与肺胃热同时存在,如脾肾虚重于肺胃热,则皮损粗糙、肥厚更加严重,舌淡或淡红,伴有纳呆、大便溏;如肺胃热重于脾肾虚,则可出现水肿、丘疱疹、渗出等皮损,舌红,伴有大便干等症。
随着临床经验的不断积累,现代医家基于特应性皮炎病因病机,并综合临床不同症状将其分为4个证型,分别是①脾虚湿盛证:皮损以丘疱疹为主、色泽暗淡、可见淡黄色结痂或浸润的斑片,且兼具面色苍白,神疲乏力,胃肠不适,食欲不振,腹胀便溏,舌淡红,苔白腻,脉濡缓,治疗以健脾除湿为主;②湿热蕴结证:主症见红斑、丘疹、水疱、皮损色红,剧烈瘙痒,抓破后糜烂和渗出,多见于四肢伸侧,便干溲黄,舌质红,苔黄腻,脉滑数,治疗以清热利湿为主;③血虚风燥证:皮损肥厚,浸润、干燥粗糙,色泽暗淡,皮损伴有血痂,瘙痒剧烈,舌质淡红,苔少,脉沉弦,临床治疗以滋阴润燥、养血祛风为主;④气滞血瘀证:皮损暗淡,肥厚,脱屑,色素沉着及瘀斑明显,可见结节,舌质暗,可见瘀斑,脉弦而涩,治疗以活血化瘀,祛风止痒为主。《国际中医临床实践指南特应性皮炎》中将特应性皮炎细分为心脾积热证、心火脾虚证、脾虚蕴湿证、风湿热蕴证、脾虚血燥证、脾肾阳虚证等6个证型,为临床分型论治特应性皮炎提供了新的参考。
临床上,常用的治疗皮炎的药有炉甘石洗剂、糖皮质激素制剂,包括不同类型的制剂及不同强度的外用糖皮质激素,还有一些抗生素,如莫匹罗星软膏、夫西地酸乳膏等可治疗细菌感染,钙调神经酶抑制剂,包括他克莫司软膏和吡美莫司乳膏,可改善瘙痒和皮肤炎症反应。然儿长期频繁或大量使用含皮质类激素的药物,会有副作用。治疗皮炎的上述药物能在短时间内取得一定的效果,但长期使用容易产生耐药性,并且副作用大;尽量避免较长时间或短期大剂量外用以上药物。在中国专利CN 115154547 A中,公开了一种一种治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物,其按重量份数计由以下原料组成:黄芪6~30份,党参6~30份,熟地黄6~30份,白术6~30份,茯苓6~30份,麦冬6~30份,五味子3~6份,防风6~15份,黄芩6~15份,陈皮6~9份,炙甘草3~6份,能有效缓解特应性皮炎的复发问题;中国专利CN107635573 A中,公开了一种特应性皮炎中药制剂,包括按照体积计算的诺丽果汁发酵原汁10份、臭草叶汁1份和百里香叶汁0.5份,诺丽果汁发酵原汁是将新鲜成熟的诺丽果清洗晾干,在250℃~350℃温度下的密闭容器内放置3个月,使其自然发酵,过滤制得诺丽果发酵原汁,能健脾、提高免疫功能、行气渗湿、祛风、活血、镇定、消肿解毒、杀菌、抗细菌、抗病毒、抗霉菌、排毒、细胞组织修复活化,然而,上述药物只能从症状上解决细菌感染带来的问题,忽略了特应性皮炎病因病机。
因此,本发明基于特应皮炎的病因病机,结合中医遗传学观点、小儿五脏生理等特点对本病的病因病机进行探索和研究,提出脾肾不足,肺胃蕴热证是特应性皮炎的核心病机,采用以滋肾健脾、清热止痒的方法治疗,研发了一种能够从根本上治疗皮炎且副作用低的中药组合物,取得了良好临床效果。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物,以“滋肾健脾、清热止痒”为核心治则,提供一种特应性皮炎的中药组合物,快速减轻皮损、缓解瘙痒的作用,可明显减少糖皮质激素药膏的用药数量,避免因长期外用糖皮质激素药膏而引起的副作用。
第一方面,本发明提供一种治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份的中药制成:
君药选自下述药物中的一种或多种:生地10-50份、山药5-30份;
臣药选自下述药物中的一种或多种:生石膏10-60份、茯苓10-30份;
佐药选自下述药物中的一种或多种:玄参5-15份、钩藤5-15份、白鲜皮5-15份、牡蛎5-30份、龙骨5-30份、栀子5-15份、白芷5-15份、山萸肉5-30份、麻黄2-8份、白茅根5-30份、丹皮5-30份、赤芍5-30份、金银花5-30份、连翘5-30份、马齿苋10-30份、车前草10-30份、灯心草1-3份,淡竹叶5-15份、冬瓜皮10-30份、陈皮5-20份、生薏米5-30份、麦芽5-15份、白术5-30份、神曲5-15份、炒鸡内金5-15份、山楂5-15份、乌梅3-10份、当归5-30份、党参5-30份、白芍5-30份、熟地5-30份。
使药为生(炙)甘草3-30份。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,所述中药组合物由如下中药制成:生地10-50份、山药5-30、麻黄2-8、生石膏10-60、茯苓10-30、丹皮5-30、白鲜皮5-15、生薏米5-30、玄参5-15、当归5-30份、。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,所述中药组合物由如下中药制成:生地10-50份、山药5-30、山萸肉5-30、麻黄2-8、生石膏10-60、茯苓10-30、白茅根10-45、白鲜皮5-15、生薏米5-30、钩藤5-20、栀子5-20、神曲5-15。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,所述中药组合物由如下中药制成:生地10-50份、山药5-30、麻黄2-8、生石膏10-60、金银花5-30、连翘5-30、生薏米5-30、淡竹叶5-15、山楂5-15。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,所述中药组合物由如下中药制成:生地10-50份、山药5-30、山萸肉5-30、茯苓10-30、白芷5-15、白茅根5-30、当归5-30、党参5-30、白芍5-30、熟地5-30。
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,所述中药组合物由如下中药制成:生地10-50份、山药5-30、山萸肉5-30、牡蛎5-30、龙骨5-30、白茅根5-30、炒鸡内金5-15、白芍5-30。
第二方面,本发明提供一种由第一方面所述的中药组合物的制成的中药制剂,所述中药制剂为膏方、丸剂、丹剂、汤剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、散剂或片剂等。
进一步的,所述中药制剂包含相应制剂所需的药学上可接受的辅料。
更进一步的,所述的辅料是对主药具有增强疗效、降低毒性和/或减轻副作用的药用辅料。
第三方面,本发明提供第一方面所述的中药组合物在制备治疗皮肤疾病的药物中的应用。
进一步的,所述皮肤疾病包括湿疹、皮炎、特应性皮炎、过敏性皮炎、荨麻疹、银屑病中的一种或多种。
进一步的,所述的特应性皮炎包括单纯特应性皮炎和混合型特应性皮炎。
本发明中各中药材的药性和功效如下:
生地:味甘,性寒,归心肝肾经;熟地味甘,微温,归肝肾经。生地有养阴生津,清热凉血的功效,用于治疗热病烦渴,阴虚内热,发斑疹,鼻出血吐血,骨蒸劳热等;熟地有滋阴补血,益精填髓的功效,用于肝肾阴虚,骨蒸潮热,盗汗遗精,腰膝酸软,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,耳鸣,须发早白,眩晕,崩漏下血,月经不调,心悸等症。
山药:味甘,性平;归脾、肺、肾经。具有益气养阴(滋补气血和阴气的不足)、补脾肺肾、固精止带(固摄精液、止白带)的功效。
山萸肉:酸、涩,微温,归肝、肾经,具有补益肝肾以及收敛固脱的功效,常用于治疗眩晕耳鸣、腰膝酸软、阳痿遗精、遗尿尿频、崩漏带下、大汗虚脱、内热消渴等症状。
麻黄:味辛、微苦、性温,归肺、膀胱经。具有发汗解表、宣肺平喘、利水消肿的功效。
生石膏:性大寒,味甘辛,有透表解肌之力,具有清热泻水、除烦止渴等功效,是最常见的矿物性中药之一。主治热病壮热不退,心昏神烦,谵语发狂,口渴咽干,肺热喘急,中暑自汗,胃火牙痛,头痛,热毒壅盛,发斑发疹,口舌生疮等。
茯苓:味甘、淡、性平,入药具有利水渗湿、益脾和胃、宁心安神之功用;茯苓能增强机体免疫功能,茯苓多糖有明显的抗肿瘤及保肝脏作用。
钩藤:味甘、微苦,性微寒,归肝、心包经。具有熄风止痉,清热平肝等功效。
白鲜皮:白癣皮:苦寒,解毒清热,止痒,杀虫,燥温,口服外用均有效,《药性论》治一切热毒风、风疮、疥癣赤烂,眉发脱皮肌炎,壮热恶寒。
牡蛎:性微寒、味咸、归肝、胆、肾经;功能:平肝息风、养阴;主治:收敛固涩、治疗虚汗、滞下、遗精、软坚散结、可治疗结肿、包块、痰火瘰疬。
龙骨:性平、味甘、涩、无毒、归心、肝、肾、大肠经;功能:镇惊安神、平肝潜阳、固涩、收敛;主治:惊痫癫狂、心悸怔忡、失眠健忘、头晕目眩、自汗盗汗、遗精遗尿、崩漏带下、久泻久痢、溃疡不久不收口及湿疮。
玄参:性微寒、味甘、苦、咸、归肺、胃、肾经;功能:清热凉血、滋阴降火、解毒散结;主治:温热病热和营血、身热、烦渴、舌绛、发斑、骨蒸劳嗽、虚烦不寤、津伤便秘、目涩昏花、咽喉肿痛、瘰疬痰核、痈疽疮毒。
白茅根:味甘,性寒。归肺、胃、膀胱经。具有凉血止血,清热利尿的功效。用于血热吐血,衄血,尿血,热病烦渴,黄疸,水肿,热淋涩痛;急性肾炎水肿。
丹皮:味苦、辛,性微寒,归心、肝、肾经,具有清热凉血,活血化瘀的功效,主治热入营血,温毒发斑,吐血衄血,夜热早凉,无汗骨蒸,经闭痛经,跌扑伤痛,痈肿疮毒。
赤芍:苦、微寒。归肝经,清热凉血,散瘀止痛,对痢疾杆菌、霍乱弧菌、葡萄球菌有抑制作用。
栀子:味苦,性寒;归心、肺、三焦经;具有泻火除烦,清热利湿(去除体内的热邪和湿邪),凉血解毒(指治疗血热毒蕴的方法)的功效。
灯心草:味甘、淡,微寒。归心、肺、小肠、膀胱经。具有利水通淋,清心降火的功效。用于淋病,水肿,尿血,尿少涩痛,湿热黄疸,心烦不寐,小儿夜啼,喉痹,口舌生疮,创伤。
淡竹叶:叶性寒味淡,具有清热泻火、利尿以及除烦等功效,对于治疗热病烦渴、口疮尿赤以及热淋涩痛等病症是有一定辅助效果的。
金银花:味甘,性寒,归肺、胃经,功能清热解毒。主治温病发热,热毒血痢,痈疡,肿毒,瘰疬,痔漏。
连翘:味苦,性微寒,归肺、心、小肠经,具有清热解毒、疏散风热、消肿散结、清心利尿的功效。
白芷:味辛,归肺、胃、大肠经。具有祛风止痛、解表散寒、燥湿止带、消肿排脓、宣通鼻窍的功效。
马齿苋:味酸,性寒。归肝、大肠经。清热解毒,凉血止血。用于热毒血痢,疮疡肿毒。马齿苋含有多种微量元素、维生素、胡萝卜素及葡萄糖、二羟乙胺等,其中丰富的维他命能促进上皮修复,延缓衰老。药理作用包括抗菌、降血脂、降血糖、抗肿瘤、防衰老、增强免疫等作用。
车前草:清热利尿、渗湿止泻,让湿从小便中而出,邪有去路。
冬瓜皮:味甘,性凉,归脾、小肠经,具有利水消肿、清热解暑的功效,用于治疗湿热引起的水肿、小便不利、暑热口渴等症状。
党参:性平、味甘、归脾、肺经;功能:补中益气、健脾益肺;主治:脾肺虚弱,气短心悸、食少便溏,虚喘咳嗽、内热消渴。
陈皮:味辛且苦的一味较为常用的中药材,其不仅是入肺经,而且还可入脾经。主要功效是调中开胃、行气健脾、燥湿化痰、理气健脾以及降逆止呕等。因此在治疗消化不良、食欲不振、腹部满胀、咳嗽有痰、呕吐、泄泻以及身体水肿等病症均有着较为明显的治疗效果。
生薏米:性甘、淡、凉,归脾、胃、肺经,具有利水渗湿,健脾除痹,清热排脓的功效作用,临床上主要是用于水肿,小便不利,脚气病,脾虚泄泻,湿痹拘挛,以及肺痈,肠痈等病症的治疗。
麦芽:味甘、性平,主入脾、胃经,兼入肝经,有行气消食、健脾开胃的功效。用麦芽泡水喝一般有助于治疗食积不化、脘腹胀痛及脾虚食少。
白术:味苦、甘,温;归脾、胃经。健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗。
神曲:性甘、辛、温,归脾、胃经,由于辛味具有发散行气的作用,所以神曲可以帮助行散消食,而甘味具有补益、调和、缓急的作用,所以神曲还可以温健脾开胃,和中止泻。
炒鸡内金:性味甘平,归脾经、胃经、小肠经和膀胱经。擅长于健脾、消积、止泻、固精、缩尿、止遗。
山楂:味酸、甘、微温。归于脾、胃、肝经。具有消食健胃、行气散瘀、化浊降脂的功效。山楂性温,又归肝经,能帮助气血运行,从而达到活血化瘀的作用,对血瘀导致的月经量少、闭经、痛经、产后有瘀血,血瘀导致的胸痛、胸痹都有很好的作用。
乌梅:乌梅,味酸、涩,性平。归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。敛肺,涩肠,生津,安蛔。用于肺虚久咳,久泻久痢,虚热消渴,蛔厥呕吐腹痛。
当归:味偏甘,性辛、微温,归肝、心、脾三经。它具有补血活血,调经止痛,润肠通便的作用。
白芍:味苦,平,有小毒。具有养血柔肝,缓中止痛,敛阴收汗的功效。《神农本草经》载其治邪气腹痛,除血瘀破坚积,止痛,利小便,益气。临床常用干治疗胸腹肋肋疼痛,泻痢腹痛,自汗盗汗,阴虚发热,月经不调,崩漏带下。
熟地:味甘,性微温,归心、肝、肾经,具有滋阴、补血以及凉血的功效。
甘草:味甘,性平。归心、脾、肺、胃经。补脾益气,润肺止咳,清热解毒,缓解止痛,缓和药性。用于脾胃虚弱,气短乏力,心悸怔忡,咳嗽痰少,热毒疮疡,药食中毒,脘腹急痛,四肢挛痛。药理作用包括调节免疫、抗衰老、抗炎、抗病原微生物、镇静、解热、抗肿瘤、改善心血管功能、止咳、祛痰的作用。
本发明的中药组合物以生地、山药为君药,滋肾水、滋阴凉血,补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。以生石膏、茯苓为臣药,补益肝肾,宣肺利水消肿,清热泻火,除烦止渴,利水渗湿,健脾宁心。以玄参,钩藤,白鲜皮,牡蛎,龙骨等为佐药,清热息风重镇止痒;进一步加入生石膏、栀子、白芷,清热解毒,清心泻火;对于肠胃积滞盛者,进一步加入陈皮、生薏米、麦芽、白术、神曲、炒鸡内金、山楂,健脾利湿、消积运脾;白茅根、丹皮、赤芍能清热滋阴凉血;金银花、连翘、马齿苋、车前草、灯心草、淡竹叶、冬瓜皮能清热利湿止痒;乌梅、当归、党参、白芍、熟地能益肾养血、滋阴止痒;并根据情况加入使药甘草。
本发明中药组合物能显著改善面部、颈部、肘窝、腘窝或躯干部等部位反复发作的红斑、水肿,或丘疱疹、水疱,部分皮损糜烂渗出,部分皮损粗糙或呈苔藓化,瘙痒明显等。同时减少心烦,口干,眠差,睡卧不安,大便干的病症。因而,本发明中药组合物具有快速减轻皮损、缓解瘙痒的作用,可明显减少糖皮质激素药膏的用药数量,避免因长期外用糖皮质激素药膏而引起的副作用。同时,药物具有良好的安全性。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,以下实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1:中药组合物
中药组合物配方:生地30,山药30,丹皮20,茯苓30,麻黄6,生石膏30,白鲜皮15,生薏米30,玄参30,当归20份
制备方法:把上述药材投入煮罐中,加8倍量水浸泡30min,第1次煎煮25min,第2次加6倍量水煎煮25min,合并药液浓缩后过滤获得。
临床研究
(一)研究方案
1.研究方法
采用前瞻性、随机、单盲、对照的研究设计,对特应性皮炎(四弯风)脾肾不足、肺胃蕴热证患者,进行规范化临床研究特应性皮炎中医治疗优化方案的疗效验证。
2.设计方案
(1)研究对象
本研究选取北京市怀柔区中医医院和首都医科大学附属北京中医医院皮肤科门诊特应性皮炎(四弯风)脾肾不足、肺胃蕴热证患者作为研究对象。
(2)诊断标准
1)西医诊断标准:参照《中国特应性皮炎诊疗指南2020版》《中国临床皮肤病学》中特应性皮炎临床诊断标准。
2)中医诊断标准:参考《精诚大医张志礼》《特应性皮炎中医诊疗方案专家共识》(中国中西医结合皮肤性病学杂志,2013年)、《中医病症诊断疗效标准》(国家中医药行业标准)拟定:
脾肾不足、肺胃蕴热证:
主症:面部、颈部、肘窝、腘窝或躯干部等部位反复发作的红斑、丘疹,部分皮损粗糙或呈苔藓化,瘙痒明显等。
次症:皮损可出现水肿,或丘疱疹、水疱,部分皮损糜烂渗出,烦躁,眠差,睡卧不安,大便正常或干或溏,舌红或淡红,或淡,苔薄白或白,脉细。
主症+以上两项次症者,即可诊断。
3)纳入标准
①符合上述西医特应性皮炎临床诊断标准;
②符合脾肾不足、肺胃蕴热证的辨证标准;
③年龄2-18岁,性别不限;
④依从性较好,能够配合采集临床资料;
⑤近2周内未系统应用过激素、抗组胺药物或免疫抑制剂等药物治疗;
⑥本人或获得监护人许可,签署知情同意书(由监护人代签),志愿受试,知情同意过程符合GCP的规定。
同时符合上述条件者,符合纳入标准,纳入本研究。
4)排除标准
①近2周内系统应用过激素、抗组胺药物或免疫抑制剂等药物治疗者;
②合并其他任何可能干扰试验结果评价的皮肤疾病者;
③合并有心脑血管、肝、肾和造血系统等严重原发性疾病及自身免疫性疾病、皮肤瘤疾病者,患有精神病者;
④合并较为严重的皮肤感染或全身感染的患者;
⑤对研究药物任一成分有过敏史的患者;
⑥不能接受中药汤药治疗的患者;
⑦正在参加其他药物临床试验的患者。
符合上述任何一项者,即符合排除标准,对患者予以排除,不纳入本研究。
5)剔除标准
①不符合纳入标准而被误纳入者;
②治疗过程中使用其他药物或治疗方案治疗,影响疗效判定者。
6)脱落标准
①进入试验治疗,但最终未坚持完成临床观察者;
②治疗期间未定期复诊,随访时因各种原因失访者;
③在治疗过程中不愿意继续进行临床试验者。
7)全面中止标准
①在临床试验过程中发生严重不良反应、过敏反应者;
②在研究过程中,若发现所用药物对症状改善不仅无效,反而进一步加重病情;或试验设计方案存在重大失误;或在实施过程中产生的偏差较大,无法评价药物疗效时;
③研究者从医学角度考虑受试验者有必要终止者。
(3)临床研究方案
1)治疗分组:将受试者分为治疗组与对照组。
2)随机方案:计算机随机产生随机号,研究者按受试者入组的顺序根据随机号领取药品。发药人员核对处方并登记后,发放相应药物,并强调用药注意事项,受试者签字领药。
3)抽样方法:将入选病例以1:1比例随机分配到试验组和对照组。
4)样本大小:本研究为探索性研究,根据临床经验,考虑到临床脱失率为20%,试验总例数为66例(治疗组30例,对照组30例)。
5)治疗方法
治疗组:
内服药物:口服实施例1的中药组合物,均分为2次口服,每次100ml,饭后半小时口服,早晚各一次。
对照组:给予艾洛松乳膏(拜耳医药(上海)有限公司,国药准字H19991418)外用,患处皮肤外涂薄层均匀覆盖。前2周艾洛松乳膏每日1次,2周后根据皮损情况逐渐减少使用次数和数量。药物外用避开面部和身体皱褶部位。
疗程:4周。每1周患者复诊记录病情改善程度。对2组患儿及家属进行健康宣教,嘱忌辛辣刺激性和生冷性饮食,避免热水烫洗患处,常规外用润肤剂。
补救措施:如果试验组患儿瘙痒难忍,允许临时外用艾洛松乳膏。记录应用时间。
6)盲法:
取药:患者家属按照随机号在临床研究药物窗口领取药品,由专人发放药物并登记。
7)疗效评价
①主要疗效指标——SCORAD评分
欧洲特应性皮炎研究组所提出的SCORAD评分是目前临床研究和实践中应用最广泛的疾病严重程度量表,主要包括皮损范围(A)、皮损严重程度(B)及患者的主观症状(C)。具体如下(详见表1):
A.计算皮损范围:人体前面:头部4.5%,躯干部18%,上肢(单侧)4.5%,下肢(单侧)9%;人体后面计算方法与前面相同;另外,外阴部为1%,总分共计100分。(详见表1)
B.皮损严重程度:将皮损严重程度分为无、轻度、中度、重度四个等级,运用0-3的四个分值进行估分。主要通过评估皮损处的红斑、丘疹/水肿、结痂、苔藓样变/肥厚、表皮剥脱以及非皮损处的皮肤干燥情况。
C.主观症状(瘙痒及睡眠影响程度):结合患者实际情况进行评估过去3天瘙痒的平均水平和评估过去3晚影响睡眠的平均程度,采用视觉模拟标尺(详见表1)进行评分。评分标准具体如下:0分为无明显瘙痒;﹤3分为有瘙痒感,但是可以忍受,且不会影响睡眠;4-6分为存在中度瘙痒感,仍可以忍受,但会影响睡眠;7-10分为瘙痒感重,患者不可以忍受,难以入睡。
SCORAD评分的计算公式:A/5+7B/2+C。
表1SCORAD评分评估量表
研究评价指标
合并用药:如合并其他用药需及时记录,如对试验有影响,则予以剔除。
依从性:临床试验过程中设施剩余处方药物清点制度,试验结束后由研究者负责清点所负责的受试者剩余处方药物数量,以监督受试者的用药依从性。
(4)疗效评价标准
依据《中药新药临床研究指导原则》(中国医药科技出版社:2002,5.)拟定。
计算公式(尼莫地平法)为:疗效指数=[(治疗前SCORAD总分-治疗后SCORAD总分)/治疗前SCORAD总分]×100%。
疗效评定:
临床痊愈:皮疹基本消退,症状消失,疗效率≥90%;
显效:皮疹大部分消退,症状明显改善,60%≤疗效率<90%;
有效:皮疹部分消退,症状有所改善,20%≤疗效率<60%;
无效:皮疹消退不明显,症状无减轻甚至加重,疗效率<20%;
总有效率=[(痊愈例数+显效例数+有效例数)/病例总数]×100%。
(5)研究总结
所有符合试验方案、依从性好、试验期间未服禁止用药、完成CRF规定填写内容的病例,或服用试验用药数量在80%~120%者,对其疗效进行符合方案数据集统计分析。
(6)统计分析及内容
统计分析将采用SPSS 22.0统计分析软件进行计算。所有的统计检验均采用双侧检验,P值小于或等于0.05将被认为所检验的差别有统计意义。计数资料采用卡方检验,计量资料使用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组内比较采用配对样本t检验,组间比较使用独立样本t检验;临床疗效比较采用等级资料的秩和检验;相关性分析采用Pearson相关性检验进行比较。
(二)研究结果
1.病例数据病例采集自2021年10月至2023年3月首都医科大学附属北京中医医院、北京市怀柔区中医医院皮肤科门诊的患者。患者病例报告表(CRF)填写完成后,由两名不同录入人员对数据进行先后两次录入并核对。共64例患者入组,4例因疫情原因不能来院而脱落,最终纳入统计病例60例。其中,治疗组30例,对照组30例。
2.基线资料60例患者中,男性32例,女性28例,平均年龄9.23±5.60岁,平均病程73.50±71.31月。治疗前治疗组和对照组的性别进行卡方检验,对患者年龄、病程进行独立样本t检验均提示两组间无显著差异。
3.疗效评价
1)SCORAD评分
比较治疗前后SCORAD评分总分,经配对t检验可知,治疗组和对照组治疗前后SCORAD评分总分均下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而治疗组SCORAD评分总分下降更为明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),治疗组与对照组间SCORAD评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示4周后治疗组患者病情缓解更加显著,见表2。
表2.治疗前后SCORAD评分比较
注:治疗后,治疗组与对照组比较,P<0.05。
4.不良反应
治疗组、对照组均未出现不良反应。
(三)结论
通过本次临床研究,显示滋肾健脾清热饮具有快速减轻皮损、缓解瘙痒的作用,在中度、重度特应性皮炎患者治疗中,优于糖皮质激素药膏。同时,滋肾健脾清热饮具有良好的安全性。目前,市场上缺乏儿童或青少年口服治疗特应性皮炎或湿疹的药物,本项目研究证实滋肾健脾清热饮在治疗特应性皮炎方面的显著疗效,在市场中具有良好的应用前景。
Claims (9)
1.一种治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份的中药制成:
君药选自下述药物中的一种或多种:生地10-50份、山药5-30份;
臣药选自下述药物中的一种或多种:生石膏10-60份、茯苓10-30份;
佐药选自下述药物中的一种或多种:玄参5-15份、钩藤5-15份、白鲜皮5-15份、牡蛎5-30份、龙骨5-30份、栀子5-15份、白芷5-15份、山萸肉5-30份、麻黄2-8份、白茅根5-30份、丹皮5-30份、赤芍5-30份、金银花5-30份、连翘5-30份、马齿苋10-30份、车前草10-30份、灯心草1-3份,淡竹叶5-15份、冬瓜皮10-30份、陈皮5-20份、生薏米5-30份、麦芽5-15份、白术5-30份、神曲5-15份、炒鸡内金5-15份、山楂5-15份、乌梅3-10份、当归5-30份、党参5-30份、白芍5-30份、熟地5-30份;
使药为生(炙)甘草3-30份。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份的中药制成:生地10-50份、山药5-30、麻黄2-8、生石膏10-60、茯苓10-30、丹皮5-30、白鲜皮5-15、生薏米5-30、玄参5-15、当归5-30份。
3.如权利要求1所述的治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份的中药制成:生地10-50份、山药5-30、山萸肉5-30、麻黄2-8、生石膏10-60、茯苓10-30、白茅根10-45、白鲜皮5-15、生薏米5-30、钩藤5-20、栀子5-20、神曲5-15。
4.如权利要求1所述的治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份的中药制成:生地10-50份、山药5-30、麻黄2-8、生石膏10-60、金银花5-30、连翘5-30、生薏米5-30、淡竹叶5-15、山楂5-15。
5.如权利要求1所述的治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份的中药制成:生地10-50份、山药5-30、山萸肉5-30、茯苓10-30、白芷5-15、白茅根5-30、当归5-30、党参5-30、白芍5-30、熟地5-30。
6.如权利要求1所述的治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物,所述的中药组合物由以下重量份的中药制成:生地10-50份、山药5-30、山萸肉5-30、牡蛎5-30、龙骨5-30、白茅根5-30、炒鸡内金5-15、白芍5-30。
7.如权利要求1所述的治疗特应性皮炎的中药组合物,所述中药组合物制备为中药制剂,所述中药制剂为膏方、丸剂、丹剂、汤剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、散剂或片剂。
8.如权利要求1-6任一项所述的中药组合物在制备治疗皮肤疾病的药物中的应用,所述皮肤疾病包括湿疹、皮炎、特应性皮炎、过敏性皮炎、荨麻疹、银屑病中的一种或多种。
9.如权利要求8所述的中药组合物在制备治疗皮肤疾病的药物中的应用,所述的特应性皮炎包括单纯特应性皮炎和混合型特应性皮炎。
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