CN116549595B - 一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物及其制剂和应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物及其制剂和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物及其制剂和应用,所述药物组合物包括如下重量份的组分:醋柴胡5‑10份、白芍5‑15份、北沙参5‑15份、茯苓5‑15份、白术5‑10份、陈皮5‑10份、莲子5‑15份、山药5‑20份、芡实5‑15份、乌药5‑15份、炮姜5‑10份、薏苡仁5‑20份、砂仁5‑15份、大枣5‑12份、甘草1‑10份。所述药物组合物可添加药学上可接受的辅料,制成制剂。所述药物组合物及制剂可用于治疗脾弱肝旺所致的食欲不振。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物领域,具体涉及一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物及其制剂和应用。
背景技术
功能性消化不良(functional gastrointestinal disorder,FGID)是常见的儿科疾病,指患者有食欲下降、吞咽困难、反食、呕吐、腹胀、便秘或腹泻等非特异症状,通过内镜、影像、生化等检查没有发现有器质性疾病的证据,但如果进行进一步的检查可能发现患者有胃动力、感觉或分泌的异常。
功能性消化不良的儿童中非常常见,根据国内外的统计,普通儿童消化不良的患病率为7%~41%。在美国,儿童消化不良的年发生率为9%。欧洲儿童消化不良的年发生率为7%。我国的统计资料显示,广州和天津的儿童患病率分别为18.9%和23.3%。儿童消化不良的患病率占综合内科的11%,占消化专科的50%。消化不良患儿的就诊率为50%,其中约三分之一会到儿童消化专科就诊。在消化不良患儿中,约有20%为功能性消化不良。
本病属中医“疳积”范畴,是儿童的常见疾病。“疳积”包括了疳症和积滞两个方面,合称疳积症。疳症是指小儿脾胃虚损,运化失宜,吸收功能长期障碍,脏腑失养,气液干涸,形体赢瘦,饮食不化,影响生长发育,病程较长的一种慢性疾患,临床以不同程度的形体干枯消瘦,气血不荣,头发稀疏,精神疲惫,腹部膨大,青筋暴露,或者腹凹如舟,饮食异常等为其特征。积滞是指由于内伤饮食,停聚中脘,积而不消,气滞不行所形成的一种胃肠疾患,临床以纳呆,厌食,食而不化,脘腹胀满,嗳腐呕吐乳食,大便腥臭为其特征。“疳积”是疳症和积滞的总称。古人有“无积不成疳”、“积为疳之母”的说法。疳症和积滞、二者名虽异而源则一,消食导滞,调理脾胃都为基本治疗大法,而且二症常常相兼同时出现,所以历代医家多以疳积并称而根据病性证候轻重深浅的不同,在对症治疗的同时,都选用类似药物方剂治疗。
“疳积”症的治疗,根据人体肝常有余,脾常不足的生理特点,病位涉及肝脾,用药以健脾胃,养肝气为治法。因本病主要病因是由于饮食不节,脾胃受伤,运化失职,或喂养不当,营养失调,生化乏源,或久呕久泻,或病后失调,均可使脾胃受损,气血津液耗伤,不能濡养脏腑、肌肉、四肢百骸,渐至形体羸瘦而成疳证。病久气血虚衰,诸脏失养,积滞内生而生积滞证。以顾护脾胃为本,消积导滞为标,虚实并调,攻补兼施,但应着重补脾益气。 患者多见进行性消瘦,全身虚弱,面黄发枯,食欲欠佳,嗜食异物,甚则腹部胀大如箕,青筋暴露,生长发育缓慢,精神异常等,“疳积”多因禀赋较弱,喂养不当,或饮食不节,恣食肥甘,损伤脾胃所致。或由积滞、厌食,或病后失调,或为药误发展而成。本病病位在肝与脾,恣食肥甘厚腻,喂养不当损伤脾胃,形成“疳”证,脾胃积滞,肝气不舒,形成“积”证。所以目前中医治疗“疳积”,多从肝脾论治,健脾胃以恢复运化功能,养肝气以调整气机,对功能性消化不良形成了中医自身独特的理论认识,积累了丰富临床经验,积极挖掘中医治疗“疳积”的宝贵经验,发挥中医治疗高效、低毒,少副作用的特点,对功能性消化不良这一疾病有非常重要的临床意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物及其制剂和应用。本发明所述的药物组合物可用于功能性消化不良,尤其针对脾弱肝旺所致的肺积病有很好的治疗效果。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物,包括如下重量份的组分:醋柴胡5-10份、白芍5-15份、北沙参5-15份、茯苓5-15份、白术5-10份、陈皮5-10份、莲子5-15份、山药5-20份、芡实5-15份、乌药5-15份、炮姜5-10份、薏苡仁5-20份、砂仁5-15份、大枣5-12份、甘草1-10份。
所述药物组合物,还包括黄芪5-15份,防风1-15份,太子参3-12份、浮小麦5-15份。
所述药物组合物,还包括焦山楂1-15份、焦神曲1-15份、焦麦芽1-15份、炒鸡内金1-10份。
所述药物组合物,还包括补骨脂5-10份、沙苑子5-10份、枸杞子5-10份、菟丝子5-10份。
所述药物组合物,还包括桑枝5-20份、钩藤5-20份、天麻10-20份。
所述药物组合物,还包括浙贝母10-15份,杏仁10-15份。
一种所述的药物组合物的制剂,由所述药物组合物添加药学上可接受的辅料,制成制剂。
优选地,所述制剂形式为按照常规方法制备的汤剂、颗粒、胶囊或丸剂。
一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物的制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以上十五味,砂仁、陈皮、白术、乌药水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器收集,药渣加水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并煎液,滤过;
(2)其余北沙参等十一味,加水煎煮三次,第一次2小时,第二次2小时,第三次1小时,合并煎液,滤过;
(3)滤液与上述两种溶液合并,浓缩成相对密度为1.14~1.16(80℃)的清膏,离心,取上清液浓缩至相对密度为1.26~1.30(80℃)的稠膏,加入蔗糖粉适量,混匀,制成颗粒,干燥,喷入砂仁等四味的挥发油,混匀,制成1000g,即得。
所述的药物组合物可用于制备治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物。
所述的药物组合物的制剂可用于制备治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物。
本发明的有益效果:本方中,柴胡、白芍共为君药。柴胡味苦微辛,性微寒,入肝经,为疏肝要药。《本草经疏》中有:“柴胡,为少阳经表药。主心腹肠胃中结气,饮食积聚,寒热邪气,推陈致新”的记载;白芍性味酸甘,柔肝止痛,敛阴和营,《神农本草经》中白芍有:“味苦,平,主治邪气腹痛,除血痹,破坚积”的作用。柴胡、白芍二者相配,一散一收,使肝之疏泄功能得以恢复。二者合为君药。北沙参、茯苓、白术、陈皮、甘草为异功散,处方出自《小儿药证直诀》。主治脾虚气滞、饮食减少、胸脘痞闷、食入作胀、大便溏薄、神疲气短、身体羸瘦、或面部浮肿者,方剂主要功效为益气补中,理气健脾,主治脾胃气虚兼有气滞的病证,共为臣药。佐以莲子、山药健脾,芡实固肾涩精,补脾止泄。乌药行气止痛,炮姜温肾散寒。薏苡仁健脾渗湿,使以砂仁理气开胃,大枣养血益气。甘草为使调和诸药。纵观全方配伍,健脾益气除湿,疏肝又不泻肝,共凑健脾疏肝,理气和胃之功。系小儿以及脾胃消化不良者健脾和胃、疏肝理气的良方。
一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物(以下命名为:健脾养肝方)由十五味中药组成,遵照《黄帝内经 至真要大论》古制,采用君二臣四佐八的大制,另加使药一味:
醋柴胡:苦、辛、微寒。归肝、胆、肺经。具有疏肝解郁、升举阳气之功。可去胃肠中的结气,饮食积聚、寒热邪气,推陈致新。可用于治疗肝郁气滞证和脾虚气陷证。柴胡中的主要活性成分为柴胡皂苷a、b、d、f,柴胡皂苷元E、F、G和龙吉苷元,且含有挥发油、多糖、有机酸、植物淄醇及黄酮类。具有解热、镇痛、抗炎、降脂、保肝、利胆、抑制胃酸分泌、抗溃疡、抗病原微生物及调节免疫等作用。
白芍:苦、酸、微寒。归肝、脾经。养血调经、敛阴止汗、柔肝止痛、平抑肝阳。用于血虚、自汗、盗汗、胁腹四肢挛急疼痛。白芍中主要成分为芍药苷、氧化芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、甾醇、鞣质、酚类等。具有抗肝、肾损伤,抗抑郁,抗炎镇静,调节肠胃功能,调节免疫等药理作用。
北沙参:甘、微苦、微寒。归肺、胃经。养阴清肺、益胃生津。用于阴虚肺燥、滋养胃阴、润燥生津,兼清胃热、胃腕隐痛。北沙参主要活性成分有补骨脂素、香柑内酯、欧前胡内酯、异欧前胡内酯等。具有祛痰平喘、抗胃溃疡、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、免疫调节等药理作用。
茯苓:甘、淡、平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。利水渗湿、健脾、宁心。用于水肿、小便不利、脾虚湿盛之食少倦怠、便溏泄泻,益心脾、安心神。茯苓主要活性成分有β-茯苓聚糖、茯苓酸、麦角甾醇等,还含有蛋白质、脂肪、卵磷脂、腺嘌呤及钙、镁、磷、铁、钠、钾、锰等无机元素。茯苓有调节免疫、利尿、化石、保肝、抗白血病、抗肿瘤、抗菌、降血糖、抗寒、抗疲劳、改善大脑记忆功及抗衰老等作用。
炒白术:苦、甘,温。归脾、胃经。健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。白术中主要活性成分有挥发油、内脂类、多糖类等,具有免疫调节、利尿、抗肿瘤等药理作用。
陈皮:苦、辛、温。归脾、肺经。理气散寒、宽中行滞、健运肠胃、畅利脏腑、燥湿化痰。现代研究表明陈皮主要含有橙皮苷、川陈皮素、新橙皮苷、橙皮素等,还含有辛弗林、挥发油等成分。具有调节胃肠运动、抗过敏、平喘、抗肿瘤、升高血压、抗脂质过氧化、打张支气管、祛痰利胆、降低血清胆固醇等作用。
莲子:甘、涩,平。归脾、肾、心经。补脾止泻,止带,益肾涩精,养心安神。用于脾胃虚弱、大便溏泻、食欲不振,上能养心,下交肾水,安宁心神。莲子主要活性成分为槲皮素、金丝桃苷、芦丁等,还含蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉等。本品有抗氧化、增强免疫、增殖双歧杆菌、双向调节胃肠功能、镇静改善睡眠、降血糖、促进脂肪分解等作用。
山药:甘,平。归脾、肺、肾经。补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。用于脾胃虚弱,食少便溏,肢倦乏力,肾阴精亏虚之腰膝酸软、头晕耳鸣、气阴两虚所致的消渴病,症见多饮、多尿、多食、消瘦、体倦无力。对慢性久病或病后虚弱羸瘦者,可作为营养调补品长期服用。其主要活性成分含氨基酸,另含多糖、薯蓣皂苷元、多巴胺、山药碱、尿囊素、果胶、粗纤维、淀粉酶、微量元素等。有调节胃肠功能和降血糖、增强免疫、延缓衰老、保肝等作用。
芡实:甘、涩,平。归脾、肾经。益肾固精,补脾止泻,除湿止带。用于脾胃夹湿之肠鸣泄泻,肾虚小便频数,甚至失禁或遗尿。其主要成分为蛋白质、脂肪及多种维生素。本品有抗氧化、降血糖、镇痛、保护肾功能、抗血栓等作用。
乌药:辛,温。归肺、脾、肾、膀胱经。行气止痛,温肾散寒。用于寒凝气滞,少腹冷痛,脘腹痞满,肾阳不足,膀胱虚冷之小便频数,遗尿不止。其主要活性成分为乌药醚内酯、伪新乌药醚内酯、乌药醇、乌药根烯,以及生物碱、脂肪酸类成分等。本药具有调节胃肠运动、镇痛、抗炎、抗疲劳等作用。
炮姜:辛、热。归脾、胃、肾经。温经止血,温中止痛。用于脾胃虚寒,脾不统血之吐血、衄血及崩漏下血。能振奋脾阳,温中散寒,凡中焦受寒,或脾胃虚寒所致的脘腹冷痛,呕吐泻痢等皆可用。其主要活性成分含挥发油:姜烯,水芹烯,莰烯、6-姜辣素、姜酮、姜醇等;还含树脂淀粉等。本品能显著地缩短出血和凝血时间,对应激性及幽门结扎型胃溃疡、醋酸诱发的胃溃疡均有抑制作用。
薏苡仁:甘、淡,凉。归脾、胃、肺经。利水渗湿,健脾止泻,除痹,排脓,解毒散结。用于水肿,脚气,小便不利,脾虚泄泻,湿痹拘挛,肺痈,肠痈,赘疣,癌肿。薏苡仁主要活性成分为多糖、脂肪酸及脂类等,现代药理研究表明,薏苡仁中甘油三酯类成分具有抗肿瘤作用。
砂仁:辛,温。归脾、胃、肾经。化湿开胃,温脾止泻,理气安胎。用于湿阻中焦,脘腹胀满,食欲不振,脾胃虚寒之呕吐,泄泻,妊娠气滞,呕逆不能食或胎动不安。主要活性成分含挥发油,还含有黄酮类等。本品有调节胃肠功能、抗炎、镇痛、抑制血小板聚集、降糖等作用。
大枣:甘,温。归脾、胃、心经。补中益气,养血安神。用于脾气虚弱,倦息乏力,食少便溏,阴血不足,心肝失养,神魂不宁之脏躁,心血不足所致的失眠、多梦、头晕、乏力。主要活性成分含有机酸、糖类、氨基酸、三萜苷类、生物碱类、黄酮类、维生素类、挥发油及微量元素等。本品有提高免疫功能和延缓衰老等作用。
甘草:甘,平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。用于脾气虚弱,食少便溏、倦怠乏力,用于脾气虚弱,食少便溏、倦怠乏力,脘腹及四肢挛急作痛。能解药食之毒,能调和诸药相协,共为力而不争。其活性成分含甘草甜素、甘草酸、甘草黄酮、异甘草黄酮、甘草素等,尚含生物碱、多糖、香豆素、氨基酸等。本品有抗消化道溃疡、调整胃肠活动、抗肝损伤、抗肺损伤、增强免疫、延缓衰老、抗病毒、抗菌、解毒、抑制子宫平滑肌收缩,以及对中枢、心脑血管、血液系统影响和皮质激素样等作用。
所述药物组合物,可以添加药学上可接受的辅料,制成颗粒剂、片剂、散剂、丸剂等制剂。全方健脾益气除湿,疏肝又不泻肝,共凑健脾疏肝之功效。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明并不局限于实施例。
实施例1
一种药物组合物,包括如下组分:醋柴胡5g、白芍5g、北沙参5g、茯苓5g、白术5g、陈皮5 g、莲子5g、山药5 g、芡实5g、乌药5g、炮姜5 g、薏苡仁5 g、砂仁5g、大枣5 g、甘草1 g。
实施例2
一种药物组合物,包括如下组分:醋柴胡8g、白芍10g、北沙参10g、茯苓10g、白术8g、陈皮8g、莲子10g、山药12g、芡实10g、乌药10g、炮姜8g、薏苡仁12g、砂仁10g、大枣7g、甘草6g。
实施例3
一种药物组合物,包括如下组分:醋柴胡10g、白芍15g、北沙参15g、茯苓15g、白术10g、陈皮10g、莲子15g、山药20g、芡实15g、乌药15g、炮姜10g、薏苡仁20g、砂仁15g、大枣12g、甘草10g。
实施例4
一种药物组合物,包括黄芪15g、防风15g,太子参12g、浮小麦15g,其余同实施例3。
实施例5
一种药物组合物,包括黄芪10g、防风8g,太子参8g、浮小麦9g,其余同实施例2。
实施例6
一种药物组合物,包括黄芪5g、防风1g,太子参3g、浮小麦5g,其余同实施例1。
实施例7
一种药物组合物,包括焦山楂15g、焦神曲15g、焦麦芽15g、炒鸡内金10g,其余同实施例3。
实施例8
一种药物组合物,包括焦山楂10g、焦神曲10g、焦麦芽10g、炒鸡内金6g,其余同实施例2。
实施例9
一种药物组合物,包括焦山楂1g、焦神曲1g、焦麦芽1g、炒鸡内金1g,其余同实施例1。
实施例10
一种药物组合物,包括补骨脂5g、沙苑子5g、枸杞子5g、菟丝子5g,其余同实施例1。
实施例11
一种药物组合物,包括补骨脂8g、沙苑子8g、枸杞子6g、菟丝子7g,其余同实施例2。
实施例12
一种药物组合物,包括补骨脂10g、沙苑子10g、枸杞子10g、菟丝子10g,其余同实施例3。
实施例13
一种药物组合物,包括桑枝5g、钩藤5g、天麻10g,其余同实施例1。
实施例14
一种药物组合物,包括桑枝12、钩藤13、天麻15g,其余同实施例2。
实施例15
一种药物组合物,包括桑枝20g、钩藤20g、天麻20g,其余同实施例3。
实施例16
一种药物组合物的制剂,按照以下步骤制备:
(1)按照实施例1-3任意一项所述的药物组合物的比例称取中药饮片;
(2)砂仁、陈皮、白术、乌药水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器收集,药渣加水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并煎液,滤过;
(3)其余北沙参等十一味,加水煎煮三次,第一次2小时,第二次2小时,第三次1小时,合并煎液,滤过;
(3)滤液与上述两种溶液合并,浓缩成相对密度为1.14~1.16(80℃)的清膏,离心,取上清液浓缩至相对密度为1.26~1.30(80℃)的稠膏,加入蔗糖粉适量,混匀,制成颗粒,干燥,喷入砂仁等四味的挥发油,混匀,即得。
应用实施例——本发明所述药物组合物治疗儿童功能性消化不良。
一、研究方法
选取近五年内符合疳积病(儿童功能性消化不良病)纳入标准的患者,运用本发明所述药物组合物进行治疗,观察其临床疗效及不良反应。
二、研究对象
儿童脾弱肝旺所致的食欲不振,面色萎黄,腹部鼓胀,多怪易怒症患者。
三、诊断标准
参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》(1993年版)。
四、西医诊断标准
(1)诊断标准为36月龄以上儿童有消化不良症状至少2个月,每周至少出现1次,并符合以下3项条件:
①持续或反复发作的上腹部疼痛、上腹部烧灼感、餐后腹胀、早饱以及嗳气、恶心、呕吐、反酸等;
②症状在排便后不能缓解或症状发作与排便频率、粪便性状的改变无关;③经过适当评估,症状不能用其他疾病来解释。
(2)亚型分型根据主要症状分为餐后不适综合征、上腹痛综合征和混合型3个亚型。
①餐后不适综合征:主要表现为餐后出现饱胀不适或早饱感,影响正常进食;或有上腹胀气、餐后恶心或嗳气。
②上腹痛综合征:主要表现为严重上腹疼痛或烧灼感,影响日常生活;疼痛局限于上腹部,通常不表现为全腹、腹部其他部位或胸肋部的疼痛,排便或排气后不能缓解。疼痛可为烧灼样但不包括胸骨后疼痛,疼痛通常由进食诱发或缓解,但也可在空腹时发生。
③混合型:同时具有餐后不适综合征和上腹痛综合征的表现。
辅助检查:贫血、血红蛋白及红细胞减少。
五、中医证候诊断标准
脾弱肝旺证的诊断标准:
(1)形体消瘦、体重低于正常同龄儿童平均值15%以上,面色不华,毛发稀疏枯黄。
(2)饮食异常大便干稀不调、或脘腹胀满等明显脾胃功能失调症状。
(3)兼有精神萎靡不振,或好发脾气,烦躁易怒,或喜揉眉擦眼,或吮指磨牙等症。以上脾胃症状主症,伴或不伴有兼症,即可确诊疳积。
六、纳入标准
1、符合西医功能性消化不良病诊断标准者;
2、符合中医疳积脾弱肝旺证诊断标准者;
3、年龄在3-18岁之间,男女不限;
七、排除标准
1、不符合中医疳积病(西医功能性消化不良)诊断标准者;
2、年龄在3岁以下,或18岁以上者;
3、合并有心血管、肝、肾和造血系统等严重原发性疾病;
4、精神病患者;
5、对研究药物过敏者;
7、不符合纳入标准,未按规定用药,无法判断疗效或资料不全等影响疗效或安全性判断者。
八、服用方法
1、温水送服,儿童:15公斤以下(含)一次1袋(10克),一日2次, 15公斤以上一次1袋,一日3次,3个月为一疗程。
2、服药期间,忌服辛辣香燥食物。
3、治疗期间停用其他药物。
九、疗效判定标准
1、痊愈:临床疳积症状消失,功能性消化不良症状消失。
2、显效: 临床脾弱肝旺疳积症状基本消失,功能性消化不良症状明显减轻或消除。
3、有效:临床脾弱肝旺疳积症状减轻或消除,功能性消化不良症状减轻。
4、无效:治疗结束之后,临床脾弱肝旺疳积症状无改善,功能性消化不良的症状无缓解。
十、临床疗效总结
本研究共观察有效病例328例。其中男性患儿183例,女性患儿145例;年龄3~5岁者102例,6~10岁者108例,10~14岁者81例 15~18岁者37例。192例患者有形体消瘦,饮食异常。
运用本申请所述的药物组合物治疗328例疳积患儿(功能性消化不良病),观察治疗一个疗程(1个月),治愈252例(76.83%),显效50例(15.24%),有效22例(6.71%),无效4例(1.22%)。治疗(1个月)结束后,328例患者治疗总有效率为98.78%,临床研究观察项目见统计表。
临床疗效统计表
统计表分析:(1)10岁以下患儿较多,主要原因是因为低龄段儿童“三有余而四不足”的特征中,年龄越小,出现“肝常有余、脾常不足”的比例较大。(2)疳积患儿通过实施健脾养肝治疗方案后,可很快恢复脾胃功能,使小儿生长发育明显改善。
十一、不良反应
临床应用显示无毒副作用及不良反应。
十二、典型病例
1、患儿张某,女,3岁8个月,体重11.5公斤,身高92厘米,形体消瘦。其母代诉:不思饮食,日渐消瘦3月有余。春节曾有积食,节后饮食逐渐减少,脾气急躁易怒,食欲差,进食量少,大便量少,2~3天一行,干结难下。体重较春节时降低0.5kg,且口中气味较中,曾自行间断服用益生菌、健胃消食片等,疗效不显,特请中医诊治。体查:患儿发育正常,精神可,面色少华,舌尖稍红、苔白厚略腻,指纹暗红。中医诊断:疳积。治宜健脾、和胃、养肝,消食化积,兼清内热。服用本发明5剂后,饮食、二便、脾气明显好转。服20剂后,证消病除。
2、余某,男,6岁。身高:103厘米, 体重:16公斤; 胃口差,不思饮食,面色晃白无光,睡眠稍差,睡眠露睛,足软行迟,唇色白淡,头颅为解颅,毛发枯黄干燥,体形瘦,皮肤干,大便泻泄,小便清白。舌象:舌质淡,舌苔白腻;脉象:脉沉细。健脾养肝汤服10剂,食欲增强,饮食量增加,体重增加,睡眠好转,面色渐红润有光,诸证转佳,泄泻止,脉象转浮有力,舌质淡红,舌苔白薄而润,原方续服15剂而愈。
3、字某,男,13岁,身高:142厘米, 体重:30公斤。便溏,泄泻6个月余,神疲气短,四肢少温,喜静懒动,面色黄、少光泽,口渴不欲饮,思食但进食不多。体查:患儿体重身高低于正常,精神可,面黄少泽,舌质红,苔黄腻而滑润,脉滑数。治宜益气、健脾、养肝。中医诊断:服用本发明10剂,泄泻止,大便成形,活动量增加,面色红润,食欲增加、胃纳增加,体重增加1.5公斤,身高增加1cm。服用35剂后痊愈,体重增加3公斤,身高增长3cm。
4、患者张某,女,8岁10个月,体重22公斤,身高119厘米,形体消瘦。不思饮食,食量较少,进食后,易感腹胀,脾气急躁易怒,爱哭泣,上课精力不易集中,睡觉不安稳,易醒。小便正常,大便量少,2~3天一行,干结难下,口中气味较中,曾自行间断服保济丸、益生菌等,疗效不显,特请中医诊治。体查:患儿发育稍低于正常,精神可,面色白少华,舌质稍红、苔黄厚略腻。中医诊断:疳积。治宜健脾养肝,消食化积。服用本发明7剂后,饮食、睡眠、大便明显好转。服30剂后,证消病除,体重增加2.2公斤、身高增加2.8厘米。
5、李某,男,3岁2个月,初诊,其母代述:患儿18个月断奶后,大便时稀时干,抵抗力较差,易受凉咳嗽,咳痰、流鼻涕,经治疗而愈,后因反复发病,形体消瘦,纳呆,每次进餐须强行方可进食且量小,偏食,曾多方求医,均效不佳。症见:形体消瘦,面色萎黄无华,神疲倦怠,烦哭不安,脾气易怒,爱扔玩具哭闹,睡卧不安,易惊醒。患儿毛发枯萎不荣,脘腹胀满,大便干,小便黄,舌淡、苔白腻,脉细滑,指纹淡红滞。证属疳积证-积滞伤脾、脾胃虚弱。经服本发明方剂组合2周后,效果明显改善,患儿食欲增强,自己要进食,食纳尚可,大便改善,哭闹减少,体重、身高增加,经治2个月治疗后痊愈。随访1年未复发。
6、以上病例仅为临床观察的部分病例,所使用的药物组合物也仅是部分药物组合物,在实际临床使用中,根据患者不同的临床症状,对药物组合物中具体药物的用量可在本发明范围内任意选择。
7、在临床中,可针对不同患儿对处方进行调整及加减:
(1)若伴有消化不良,积食腹胀,可加入焦山楂1-15g、焦麦芽1-15g、焦神曲1-15g、炒鸡内金1-10g。
(2)若伴有自汗多、气虚乏力,可加入黄芪5-15克、防风1-15克、太子参3-12克、浮小麦5-15克。
(3)若伴有生长发育迟缓者,可加入补骨脂3-12克、沙苑子3-10克、枸杞子3-12克,菟丝子5-10克。
(4)若伴有睡眠不宁,易惊醒啼哭,可加入桑枝5-20克,天麻10~20克、钩藤5-20克。
(5)若伴有轻微咳嗽少痰,则可加入杏仁3-12克、浙贝3-12克。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物,其特征在于,按重量份数计,由如下组分组成:醋柴胡5-10份、白芍5-15份、北沙参5-15份、茯苓5-15份、白术5-10份、陈皮5-10份、莲子5-15份、山药5-20份、芡实5-15份、乌药5-15份、炮姜5-10份、薏苡仁5-20份、砂仁5-15份、大枣5-12份、甘草1-10份。
2.一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物,其特征在于在权利要求1所述的药物组合物的基础上还加入黄芪5-15份,防风1-15份,太子参3-12份、浮小麦5-15份。
3.一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物,其特征在于在权利要求1所述的药物组合物的基础上还加入焦山楂1-15份、焦神曲1-15份、焦麦芽1-15份、炒鸡内金1-10份。
4.一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物,其特征在于在权利要求1所述的药物组合物的基础上还加入补骨脂5-10份、沙苑子5-10份、枸杞子5-10份、菟丝子5-10份。
5.一种治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物组合物,其特征在于在权利要求1所述的药物组合物的基础上还加入桑枝5-20份、钩藤5-20份、天麻10-20份。
6.一种根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物制备成的制剂,其特征在于,由所述药物组合物添加药学上可接受的辅料,制成制剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂形式为按照常规方法制备的汤剂、颗粒、胶囊或丸剂。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将权利要求1中的砂仁、陈皮、白术、乌药水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器收集,药渣加水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并煎液,滤过;
(2)将权利要求1中的除去步骤(1)中的四味药,剩余十一味加水煎煮三次,第一次2小时,第二次2小时,第三次1小时,合并煎液,滤过;
(3)将步骤(1)与步骤(2)的两种滤液合并,浓缩成80℃下相对密度为1.14~1.16的清膏,离心,取上清液浓缩至80℃下相对密度为1.26~1.30的稠膏,并加入蔗糖粉适量,混匀,制成颗粒,干燥,喷入步骤(1)中的挥发油,混匀即得。
9.一种权利要求1至5任意一项所述的药物组合物在制备治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物中的应用。
10.一种权利要求6~7任意一项所述的制剂在制备治疗儿童功能性消化不良的药物中的应用。
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