CN116326357A - Cutting seedling raising method for lateral branch rock wool of tomatoes in glass greenhouse - Google Patents
Cutting seedling raising method for lateral branch rock wool of tomatoes in glass greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN116326357A CN116326357A CN202310329783.7A CN202310329783A CN116326357A CN 116326357 A CN116326357 A CN 116326357A CN 202310329783 A CN202310329783 A CN 202310329783A CN 116326357 A CN116326357 A CN 116326357A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The scheme belongs to the technical field of tomato seedling raising, and relates to a glass greenhouse tomato lateral branch rock wool cutting seedling raising method. The invention adopts polymeric whey protein and konjak mannan as the capsule wall of the microcapsule, and wraps and fixes probiotics in rock wool to prepare the probiotic modified rock wool, which can regulate the pH value of the rock wool, promote the growth and development of seedling root systems and improve the disease and pest resistance of tomato seedlings. The method combines the method with tidal irrigation, can greatly improve the survival rate of tomato seedlings in cutting seedling of collateral rock wool, and reduces the plant diseases and insect pests.
Description
Technical Field
The scheme belongs to the technical field of tomato seedling raising, and relates to a glass greenhouse tomato lateral branch rock wool cutting seedling raising method.
Background
The tomato fruits are rich in nutrition, unique in flavor, rich in various nutrients such as carotene and lycopene, and are very strong antioxidants, so that the tomato fruits are favored by consumers because the tomato fruits can play a role in inhibiting the diffusion and replication of cancer cells, and as the income and the living standard of people are improved, the consumers pay more attention to the flavor, taste and appearance quality of the tomatoes, and the consumption demands of people on high-quality tomatoes are increasingly increased. The variety plays a vital role in high-quality tomato cultivation. The tomato side branches can induce adventitious root growth promotion to cut into seedlings, have strong germination capacity and short seedling period, and the strong side branches are usually selected from plants for cutting into seedlings in production.
The substrate or soil cuttage can not effectively control the fertilizer dosage, irrigation water quantity and the pH value of the irrigation water within a pH value range suitable for the growth of tomato root systems.
The rock wool is formed by spraying and pressing after the mixture of diabase, limestone and coke is melted by high Wen Lao, has the characteristics of low C/N and cation exchange capacity, and belongs to an inert matrix. Rock wool is regarded as one of the best cultivation substrates at present as the cultivation substrate with stable other chemical properties, good physical properties, light texture, less influence on nutrients in root zone and good air permeability. The agricultural rock wool raw material is derived from the natural world, can be recycled in production, and the used agricultural rock wool can be recycled for producing industrial rock wool without polluting the environment. The water and air in the rock wool are balanced, and good water, nutrient, air and other environmental conditions can be provided for plant growth. Therefore, the rock wool is an ideal matrix material for researching the water and fertilizer requirement and consumption rules of plants, and is also an optimal matrix material for accurately regulating and controlling the water and fertilizer.
However, the pH of rock wool is usually slightly alkaline, and the suitable pH of tomatoes is 5.5-6.5, so that the pH of rock wool needs to be adjusted to meet the growth requirements of tomatoes. However, the pH value of the rock wool is relatively unstable and is easily influenced by environmental factors, and the rock wool is difficult to maintain in a proper range; in addition, the rock wool is not easy to decompose, so that fertilizer and nutrient substances in the rock wool are easy to accumulate in the long-term use process, so that the salt content is too high to influence the growth and development of tomatoes; finally, the rock wool has higher requirement on irrigation, low fault tolerance and too much watering, and can influence root growth.
Therefore, this advancement of the rock wool matrix is required to improve the survival rate of tomato side shoots.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a cutting seedling method for lateral branch rock wool of a glass greenhouse tomato, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing and foaming the probiotic modified rock wool: the probiotic modified rock wool is orderly placed on a tide seedling bed, and irrigated and foamed for 4 hours by water and fertilizer with an EC value of 1.5-3 and a pH value of 5.5-6.5;
(2) Selecting insertion snapping: selecting a lateral branch with 3-5 leaves as a cutting slip, wherein the lateral branch has no plant diseases and insect pests, the length is about 10-15cm, the diameter of the lateral branch stalk is 0.5-2.0cm, the internode is short, the growing point is not damaged, and the lateral branch has good growth vigor and strong disease resistance;
(3) Cutting preparation: if the cutting slips are large, firstly removing large leaves at the lower part of the cutting slips and inflorescences of the existing buds, reserving 3-4 leaves at the upper part, and rapidly beveling the positions 3-4cm below the growth points of the lateral branches by using a sterilized stainless steel blade at an angle of 30-45 degrees, wherein the incision is required to be smooth and free from contusion;
(4) Cutting rock wool: inserting the foamed probiotic modified rock wool into a 2-3cm deep round hole by using a clean and sterile bamboo stick, then inserting a cutting pin into the probiotic modified rock wool along the round hole, and slightly pressing the cutting pin downwards after inserting, so that the tangential plane is in closer contact with the probiotic modified rock wool;
(5) And (3) post-cutting management: after cutting, the probiotic modified rock wool is required to be immediately transferred into a small arch shed covered with a plastic film and a sunshade net for maintenance, so that the purposes of heat preservation, moisture preservation and shading are achieved, and the cutting is prevented from wilting due to the fact that the moisture transpiration amount of leaves is large due to too low humidity and too strong illumination; the temperature of the small arch shed is kept at 20-25 ℃ in daytime, the temperature is kept at 17-19 ℃ at night, the relative humidity in the small arch shed is kept at 90-95% on day 1, the humidity in the small arch shed is gradually reduced, and ventilation is not carried out 3 days before cuttage; ventilation is carried out for 20-30min at 8.00-9.00 am and 4.00-5.00 pm each day after 4 days after cuttage, and the ambient temperature is kept unchanged; the cuttings begin to germinate adventitious roots 7 days after cutting, the coverage area of a sunshade net can be gradually reduced according to the irradiation intensity (300-350) W/-square meter- (351-400) W/-square meter, the illumination is increased, the ventilation time can be increased to 1.5-2.5 hours in the morning and afternoon each day, and when white and strong root systems can be seen at the bottom of rock wool blocks, the management is carried out according to normal seedlings.
The preparation method of the probiotic modified rock wool comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a whey protein aqueous solution with the concentration of 10-20wt%, hydrating for 8-24 hours at the temperature of 1-5 ℃, then, regulating the pH to 6-7 by using a phosphoric acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5-1.5mol/L after the temperature is restored to the room temperature, heating the whey protein solution to 60-80 ℃ under the stirring of the rotating speed of 60-80r/min, keeping the temperature for 5-20min, and then, cooling to the room temperature by using an ice water bath to obtain a polymerized whey protein solution;
s2, continuously stirring 40-60 parts by mass of the polymerized whey protein solution prepared in the step S1, 7-8 parts by mass of konjak mannan, 0.5-1 part by mass of urea phosphorus, 1-2 parts by mass of urea and 40-60 parts by mass of water at a rotating speed of 80-120r/min, and heating to 60-70 ℃ to react for 1-2 hours to obtain a microcapsule precursor;
s3 the microcapsule prepolymer prepared by S2 contains 10 9-11 cuf/ml probiotics aqueous solution according to the volume ratio (10-30): 1, mixing, shearing at a high speed of 4000-6000r/min for 3-5min at a temperature of 30-40 ℃, and standing for standby to obtain a probiotic microcapsule solution;
s4, soaking the rock wool in the probiotic microcapsule solution prepared in the step S3 for 10-30min, taking out, and freeze-drying to obtain the probiotic modified rock wool.
The probiotics are trichoderma, lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of (1-2): (2-4): (1-2) and mixing.
Along with the rapid growth of the planting area of the Wenluo type glass greenhouse in recent years, the substrate cutting seedlings cannot meet the planting requirement of the glass greenhouse, and the rock wool seedling culture becomes the development trend of tomato seedling culture. The invention aims to develop a tomato cutting rock wool seedling raising technology, solves the problems that the pH value of rock wool is usually alkaline, is not suitable for tomato seedling growth, has high requirement on irrigation and is easy to accumulate salt, and provides a high-efficiency scientific rock wool cutting seedling raising method, so that the survival rate of tomato cutting seedlings is up to 95%, the production cost is effectively reduced, the seedling raising period is shortened, the seedling raising efficiency is obviously improved, and the practical application of rapid seedling supplementing or planting production of a modern multi-span tomato seedling raising greenhouse is realized.
According to the invention, the tidal irrigation is adopted to replace the traditional drip irrigation, so that the water content and fertilizer consumption of the rock wool block can be better controlled, and the accumulation of salt in the rock wool is not easy to cause.
And secondly, the rock wool is modified, three probiotics which are beneficial to improving the survival rate of tomato seedlings are planted in the rock wool, wherein trichoderma is a fungus which secretes hormone, and the hormone secreted by the trichoderma can promote the growth and development of seedling root systems and enhance the immunity and stress resistance of plants. Lactobacillus plantarum is a common probiotic, can decompose organic matters in soil, release nutrients required by plants, increase nutrient supply of the plants, and can effectively regulate the pH value of rock wool so that the pH value of the rock wool is kept in a pH value range required by tomato growth. Bacillus subtilis is a kind of bacteria widely existing in soil, and can secrete antibiotics and enzymes, inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria and protect the growth and development of seedlings.
However, the invention discovers that if beneficial bacteria are directly added into the water and fertilizer, a large amount of beneficial bacteria are wasted, the cost is greatly increased, in addition, the content of the beneficial bacteria in the rock wool cannot be effectively controlled, and finally, along with the progress of tidal irrigation, the beneficial bacteria are not easy to remain in the rock wool, and the effect of promoting the growth and development of tomato seedlings is limited.
Therefore, the invention aims to fix the probiotics in the rock wool to prepare the rock wool containing the probiotics, thereby reducing the use amount of the probiotics and reducing the cost. There are two difficulties to be solved here, firstly, how to ensure the activity of the probiotics in the rock wool, and secondly, the rock wool is porous and has high water permeability, and how to ensure that the probiotics therein cannot be lost along with tidal irrigation.
Therefore, the invention further contemplates protecting the probiotics by adopting microcapsule encapsulation, improving the survival rate of the probiotics, and facilitating the transportation and popularization of the probiotics modified rock wool. However, since the rock wool does not contain substances such as protein, glucose and the like required by the propagation of probiotics, if the rock wool is added into a water fertilizer, the cost is high, the waste is serious, and harmful bacteria are easy to propagate. Therefore, the invention further adopts polymerized whey protein and konjak mannan as the capsule wall of the microcapsule, the whey protein contains protein, the konjak mannan contains polysaccharide, and lactobacillus can decompose the protein and the konjak mannan to generate nutrient substances required by fungus reproduction, thereby providing necessary nutrient sources for the reproduction of beneficial bacteria. In addition, because whey protein and konjak mannan have stronger adhesiveness, the whey protein and konjak mannan can be firmly present in rock wool, so that probiotics are not easy to fall off along with tidal irrigation.
Therefore, the probiotic modified rock wool and tidal irrigation prepared by the method are combined, so that the survival rate of tomato seedlings in cutting seedling raising of the lateral branch rock wool can be greatly improved, and the plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that
1. The rock wool cutting, conventional matrix cutting and soil cutting have larger difference, and researches find that the environment for raising seedlings by adopting the rock wool cutting is more stable, the water content of rock wool blocks and the fertilizer consumption can be better controlled by using tidal irrigation, and the accumulation of salt in the rock wool is not easy to cause. The survival rate of the seedlings reaches up to 95 percent.
2. The probiotics modified rock wool is prepared by wrapping and fixing probiotics in rock wool by taking polymeric whey protein and konjak mannan as capsule walls of microcapsules, and can regulate the pH value of the rock wool, promote growth and development of seedling roots and improve the disease and pest resistance of tomato seedlings.
3. The probiotic modified rock wool and tidal irrigation prepared by the method are combined, so that the survival rate of tomato seedlings in cutting seedling raising of the lateral branch rock wool can be greatly improved, and the disease and pest rate of the tomato seedlings can be reduced.
Detailed Description
Rock wool, goods number: AR, shanghai pre-emerging industries limited.
Whey protein, cat No.: TR326, joint fertilizer tannate biotechnology limited.
Konjak mannan, number: TR347, shandong Fengtai Biotechnology Co., ltd.
Urea phosphorus, CAS:4861-19-2.
Trichoderma, trichoderma accession No.: ACCC 31526, china center for type culture Collection of agricultural microorganisms.
Lactobacillus plantarum, lactiplantibacillus plantarum, accession number: CICC 22703, china center for type culture Collection of Industrial microorganisms.
Bacillus subtilis, bacillus subtilis, accession No.: CGMCC 1.3358 and China general microbiological culture collection center.
Example 1
A cutting seedling method for lateral branches of tomatoes in a glass greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing and foaming the probiotic modified rock wool: the probiotic modified rock wool is orderly placed on a tide seedling bed, and irrigated and foamed for 4 hours by using water and fertilizer with an EC value of 2.5 and a pH value of 6.0;
(2) Selecting insertion snapping: selecting a tomato plant with good growth vigor and strong disease resistance, wherein the tomato plant has no plant diseases and insect pests, the length of the tomato plant is about 12cm, the diameter of a lateral branch stalk is 1cm, the internodes are short, the growing points are not damaged, and the lateral branch with the size of 4 leaves is used as a cutting slip;
(3) Cutting preparation: if the cutting slips are collected to be large, firstly removing large leaves at the lower part of the cutting slips and inflorescences of the existing flower buds, reserving 4 leaves at the upper part, and rapidly beveling the positions 3.5cm below the growth points of the lateral branches by using a sterilized stainless steel blade at 40 degrees, wherein the incision is required to be smooth and has no contusion;
(4) Cutting rock wool: inserting the foamed rock wool block into a 3cm deep round hole by using a clean and sterile bamboo stick, then inserting the cutting pin into the rock wool block along the round hole, and slightly pressing the cutting pin downwards after the insertion so that the cutting face is in closer contact with the rock wool;
(5) And (3) post-cutting management: the rock wool blocks are immediately transferred into a small arch shed covered with a plastic film and a sunshade net for maintenance after cutting, so that the purposes of heat preservation, moisture preservation and shading are achieved, and the cutting is prevented from wilting due to the fact that the moisture transpiration of leaves with too low humidity and too strong illumination is large; the temperature of the small arch shed is kept at 23 ℃ in daytime and 18 ℃ at night, the relative humidity of the small arch shed is kept at 94% on day 1, the humidity in the small arch shed is gradually reduced, and ventilation is not carried out 3 days before cuttage; ventilation is carried out for 30min at 8.30 a.m. and 4.30 a.m. each day after cutting, and the ambient temperature is kept unchanged; the cuttings begin to germinate adventitious roots 7 days after cutting, the coverage area of a sunshade net can be gradually reduced according to the irradiation intensity of 300W/square meter-400W/square meter, illumination is increased, ventilation time can be increased to 2 hours in the morning and afternoon each day, and management is carried out according to normal seedlings when white and strong root systems can be seen at the bottoms of rock wool blocks.
The preparation method of the probiotic modified rock wool comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a whey protein aqueous solution with the concentration of 15wt%, hydrating for 12 hours at the temperature of 4 ℃, then regulating the pH to 6 by using a 1mol/L phosphoric acid aqueous solution after recovering to room temperature, heating the whey protein solution to 70 ℃ under the stirring of the rotating speed of 80r/min, and cooling to the room temperature by using an ice water bath after keeping for 10min to obtain a polymerized whey protein solution;
s2, continuously stirring 50 parts of the polymerized whey protein solution prepared in the step S1, 7.5 parts of konjak mannan, 0.8 part of urea phosphorus, 1.2 parts of urea and 50 parts of water at a rotating speed of 120r/min according to parts by mass, and heating to 65 ℃ to react for 1.5 hours to obtain a microcapsule precursor;
s3 the microcapsule prepolymer prepared by S2 contains 10 10 cuf/ml probiotic aqueous solution according to a volume ratio of 20:1, mixing, shearing at a high speed of 6000r/min for 4min at 35 ℃, and standing for later use to obtain a probiotic microcapsule solution;
s4, soaking the rock wool in the probiotic microcapsule solution prepared in the step S3 for 20min, taking out, and freeze-drying to obtain the probiotic modified rock wool.
The probiotics are trichoderma, lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1, and mixing.
Example 2
A cutting seedling method for lateral branches of tomatoes in a glass greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing and foaming the probiotic modified rock wool: the probiotic modified rock wool is orderly placed on a tide seedling bed, and irrigated and foamed for 4 hours by using water and fertilizer with an EC value of 2.5 and a pH value of 6.0;
(2) Selecting insertion snapping: selecting a tomato plant with good growth vigor and strong disease resistance, wherein the tomato plant has no plant diseases and insect pests, the length of the tomato plant is about 12cm, the diameter of a lateral branch stalk is 1cm, the internodes are short, the growing points are not damaged, and the lateral branch with the size of 4 leaves is used as a cutting slip;
(3) Cutting preparation: if the cutting slips are collected to be large, firstly removing large leaves at the lower part of the cutting slips and inflorescences of the existing flower buds, reserving 4 leaves at the upper part, and rapidly beveling the positions 3.5cm below the growth points of the lateral branches by using a sterilized stainless steel blade at 40 degrees, wherein the incision is required to be smooth and has no contusion;
(4) Cutting rock wool: inserting the foamed rock wool block into a 3cm deep round hole by using a clean and sterile bamboo stick, then inserting the cutting pin into the rock wool block along the round hole, and slightly pressing the cutting pin downwards after the insertion so that the cutting face is in closer contact with the rock wool;
(5) And (3) post-cutting management: the rock wool blocks are immediately transferred into a small arch shed covered with a plastic film and a sunshade net for maintenance after cutting, so that the purposes of heat preservation, moisture preservation and shading are achieved, and the cutting is prevented from wilting due to the fact that the moisture transpiration of leaves with too low humidity and too strong illumination is large; the temperature of the small arch shed is kept at 23 ℃ in daytime and 18 ℃ at night, the relative humidity of the small arch shed is kept at 94% on day 1, the humidity in the small arch shed is gradually reduced, and ventilation is not carried out 3 days before cuttage; ventilation is carried out for 30min at 8.30 a.m. and 4.30 a.m. each day after cutting, and the ambient temperature is kept unchanged; the cuttings begin to germinate adventitious roots 7 days after cutting, the coverage area of a sunshade net can be gradually reduced according to the irradiation intensity of 300W/square meter-400W/square meter, illumination is increased, ventilation time can be increased to 2 hours in the morning and afternoon each day, and management is carried out according to normal seedlings when white and strong root systems can be seen at the bottoms of rock wool blocks.
The preparation method of the probiotic modified rock wool comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a whey protein aqueous solution with the concentration of 15wt%, hydrating for 12 hours at the temperature of 4 ℃, then regulating the pH to 6 by using a 1mol/L phosphoric acid aqueous solution after recovering to room temperature, heating the whey protein solution to 70 ℃ under the stirring of the rotating speed of 80r/min, and cooling to the room temperature by using an ice water bath after keeping for 10min to obtain a polymerized whey protein solution;
s2, continuously stirring 100 parts of the polymerized whey protein solution prepared in the step S1, 0.8 part of urea phosphorus and 1.2 parts of urea at a rotating speed of 120r/min according to parts by mass, and heating to 65 ℃ to react for 1.5 hours to obtain a microcapsule precursor;
s3 the microcapsule prepolymer prepared by S2 contains 10 10 cuf/ml probiotic aqueous solution according to a volume ratio of 20:1, mixing, shearing at a high speed of 6000r/min for 4min at 35 ℃, and standing for later use to obtain a probiotic microcapsule solution;
s4, soaking the rock wool in the probiotic microcapsule solution prepared in the step S3 for 20min, taking out, and freeze-drying to obtain the probiotic modified rock wool.
The probiotics are trichoderma, lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1, and mixing.
Example 3
A cutting seedling method for lateral branches of tomatoes in a glass greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing and foaming the probiotic modified rock wool: the probiotic modified rock wool is orderly placed on a tide seedling bed, and irrigated and foamed for 4 hours by using water and fertilizer with an EC value of 2.5 and a pH value of 6.0;
(2) Selecting insertion snapping: selecting a tomato plant with good growth vigor and strong disease resistance, wherein the tomato plant has no plant diseases and insect pests, the length of the tomato plant is about 12cm, the diameter of a lateral branch stalk is 1cm, the internodes are short, the growing points are not damaged, and the lateral branch with the size of 4 leaves is used as a cutting slip;
(3) Cutting preparation: if the cutting slips are collected to be large, firstly removing large leaves at the lower part of the cutting slips and inflorescences of the existing flower buds, reserving 4 leaves at the upper part, and rapidly beveling the positions 3.5cm below the growth points of the lateral branches by using a sterilized stainless steel blade at 40 degrees, wherein the incision is required to be smooth and has no contusion;
(4) Cutting rock wool: inserting the foamed rock wool block into a 3cm deep round hole by using a clean and sterile bamboo stick, then inserting the cutting pin into the rock wool block along the round hole, and slightly pressing the cutting pin downwards after the insertion so that the cutting face is in closer contact with the rock wool;
(5) And (3) post-cutting management: the rock wool blocks are immediately transferred into a small arch shed covered with a plastic film and a sunshade net for maintenance after cutting, so that the purposes of heat preservation, moisture preservation and shading are achieved, and the cutting is prevented from wilting due to the fact that the moisture transpiration of leaves with too low humidity and too strong illumination is large; the temperature of the small arch shed is kept at 23 ℃ in daytime and 18 ℃ at night, the relative humidity of the small arch shed is kept at 94% on day 1, the humidity in the small arch shed is gradually reduced, and ventilation is not carried out 3 days before cuttage; ventilation is carried out for 30min at 8.30 a.m. and 4.30 a.m. each day after cutting, and the ambient temperature is kept unchanged; the cuttings begin to germinate adventitious roots 7 days after cutting, the coverage area of a sunshade net can be gradually reduced according to the irradiation intensity of 300W/square meter-400W/square meter, illumination is increased, ventilation time can be increased to 2 hours in the morning and afternoon each day, and management is carried out according to normal seedlings when white and strong root systems can be seen at the bottoms of rock wool blocks.
The water fertilizer contains the components with the concentration of 4.7 x 10 9 Is a probiotic of the species.
The probiotics are trichoderma, lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1, and mixing.
Example 4
A cutting seedling method for lateral branches of tomatoes in a glass greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing and foaming the probiotic modified rock wool: the probiotic modified rock wool is orderly placed on a tide seedling bed, and irrigated and foamed for 4 hours by using water and fertilizer with an EC value of 2.5 and a pH value of 6.0;
(2) Selecting insertion snapping: selecting a tomato plant with good growth vigor and strong disease resistance, wherein the tomato plant has no plant diseases and insect pests, the length of the tomato plant is about 12cm, the diameter of a lateral branch stalk is 1cm, the internodes are short, the growing points are not damaged, and the lateral branch with the size of 4 leaves is used as a cutting slip;
(3) Cutting preparation: if the cutting slips are collected to be large, firstly removing large leaves at the lower part of the cutting slips and inflorescences of the existing flower buds, reserving 4 leaves at the upper part, and rapidly beveling the positions 3.5cm below the growth points of the lateral branches by using a sterilized stainless steel blade at 40 degrees, wherein the incision is required to be smooth and has no contusion;
(4) Cutting rock wool: inserting the foamed rock wool block into a 3cm deep round hole by using a clean and sterile bamboo stick, then inserting the cutting pin into the rock wool block along the round hole, and slightly pressing the cutting pin downwards after the insertion so that the cutting face is in closer contact with the rock wool;
(5) And (3) post-cutting management: the rock wool blocks are immediately transferred into a small arch shed covered with a plastic film and a sunshade net for maintenance after cutting, so that the purposes of heat preservation, moisture preservation and shading are achieved, and the cutting is prevented from wilting due to the fact that the moisture transpiration of leaves with too low humidity and too strong illumination is large; the temperature of the small arch shed is kept at 23 ℃ in daytime and 18 ℃ at night, the relative humidity of the small arch shed is kept at 94% on day 1, the humidity in the small arch shed is gradually reduced, and ventilation is not carried out 3 days before cuttage; ventilation is carried out for 30min at 8.30 a.m. and 4.30 a.m. each day after cutting, and the ambient temperature is kept unchanged; the cuttings begin to germinate adventitious roots 7 days after cutting, the coverage area of a sunshade net can be gradually reduced according to the irradiation intensity of 300W/square meter-400W/square meter, illumination is increased, ventilation time can be increased to 2 hours in the morning and afternoon each day, and management is carried out according to normal seedlings when white and strong root systems can be seen at the bottoms of rock wool blocks.
The preparation method of the probiotic modified rock wool comprises the following steps:
s1 mixing water with water containing 10 10 cuf/ml probiotic aqueous solution according to a volume ratio of 20:1, mixing, shearing at a high speed of 6000r/min for 4min at 35 ℃, and standing for later use to obtain probiotic diluent;
s4, soaking the rock wool in the probiotic diluent prepared in the step S1 for 20min, taking out, and freeze-drying to obtain the probiotic modified rock wool.
The probiotics are trichoderma, lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1, and mixing.
Example 5
A cutting seedling method for lateral branches of tomatoes in a glass greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing and foaming rock wool: the rock wool is orderly placed on a tide seedling bed, and irrigated and foamed for 4 hours by using water fertilizer with an EC value of 2.5 and a pH value of 6.0;
(2) Selecting insertion snapping: selecting a tomato plant with good growth vigor and strong disease resistance, wherein the tomato plant has no plant diseases and insect pests, the length of the tomato plant is about 12cm, the diameter of a lateral branch stalk is 1cm, the internodes are short, the growing points are not damaged, and the lateral branch with the size of 4 leaves is used as a cutting slip;
(3) Cutting preparation: if the cutting slips are collected to be large, firstly removing large leaves at the lower part of the cutting slips and inflorescences of the existing flower buds, reserving 4 leaves at the upper part, and rapidly beveling the positions 3.5cm below the growth points of the lateral branches by using a sterilized stainless steel blade at 40 degrees, wherein the incision is required to be smooth and has no contusion;
(4) Cutting rock wool: inserting the foamed rock wool block into a 3cm deep round hole by using a clean and sterile bamboo stick, then inserting the cutting pin into the rock wool block along the round hole, and slightly pressing the cutting pin downwards after the insertion so that the cutting face is in closer contact with the rock wool;
(5) And (3) post-cutting management: the rock wool blocks are immediately transferred into a small arch shed covered with a plastic film and a sunshade net for maintenance after cutting, so that the purposes of heat preservation, moisture preservation and shading are achieved, and the cutting is prevented from wilting due to the fact that the moisture transpiration of leaves with too low humidity and too strong illumination is large; the temperature of the small arch shed is kept at 23 ℃ in daytime and 18 ℃ at night, the relative humidity of the small arch shed is kept at 94% on day 1, the humidity in the small arch shed is gradually reduced, and ventilation is not carried out 3 days before cuttage; ventilation is carried out for 30min at 8.30 a.m. and 4.30 a.m. each day after cutting, and the ambient temperature is kept unchanged; the cuttings begin to germinate adventitious roots 7 days after cutting, the coverage area of a sunshade net can be gradually reduced according to the irradiation intensity of 300W/square meter-400W/square meter, illumination is increased, ventilation time can be increased to 2 hours in the morning and afternoon each day, and management is carried out according to normal seedlings when white and strong root systems can be seen at the bottoms of rock wool blocks.
Test example 1
The experiment is 5, all carry on the field management by the identity person, the difference is that five groups of experiments adopt the seedling raising method of embodiment 1-5 of the invention to raise seedlings, count survival rate, incidence and growth situation of tomato seedling in the same harvest time separately, the result is shown in Table 1:
table 1: growth status of tomato seedlings
| Survival/% | Morbidity/% | |
| Example 1 | 96.2 | 3.1 |
| Example 2 | 94.6 | 5.4 |
| Example 3 | 91.7 | 6.5 |
| Example 4 | 90.3 | 7.2 |
| Example 5 | 89.7 | 9.6 |
The invention aims to develop a tomato cutting rock wool seedling raising technology, and solves the problems that the pH value of rock wool is usually alkaline, is not suitable for tomato seedling growth, has high requirement on irrigation and is easy to accumulate salt.
From example 1, it can be seen that the method for raising seedlings by cutting rock wool by combining probiotic modified rock wool and tidal irrigation provided by the invention can enable the survival rate of tomato cutting seedlings to be as high as 96.2%, effectively reduce the production cost, shorten the seedling raising period and remarkably improve the seedling raising efficiency.
According to the invention, the tidal irrigation is adopted to replace the traditional drip irrigation, so that the water content and fertilizer consumption of the rock wool block can be better controlled, and the accumulation of salt in the rock wool is not easy to cause.
And secondly, the rock wool is modified, three probiotics which are beneficial to improving the survival rate of tomato seedlings are planted in the rock wool, wherein trichoderma is a fungus which secretes hormone, and the hormone secreted by the trichoderma can promote the growth and development of seedling root systems and enhance the immunity and stress resistance of plants. Lactobacillus plantarum is a common probiotic, can decompose organic matters in soil, release nutrients required by plants, increase nutrient supply of the plants, and can effectively regulate the pH value of rock wool so that the pH value of the rock wool is kept in a pH value range required by tomato growth. Bacillus subtilis is a kind of bacteria widely existing in soil, and can secrete antibiotics and enzymes, inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria and protect the growth and development of seedlings.
However, the invention discovers that if beneficial bacteria are directly added into the water and fertilizer, a large amount of beneficial bacteria are wasted, the cost is greatly increased, in addition, the content of the beneficial bacteria in the rock wool cannot be effectively controlled, and finally, along with the progress of tidal irrigation, the beneficial bacteria are not easy to remain in the rock wool, and the effect of promoting the growth and development of tomato seedlings is limited.
Therefore, the invention aims to fix the probiotics in the rock wool to prepare the rock wool containing the probiotics, thereby reducing the use amount of the probiotics and reducing the cost. There are two difficulties to be solved here, firstly, how to ensure the activity of the probiotics in the rock wool, and secondly, the rock wool is porous and has high water permeability, and how to ensure that the probiotics therein cannot be lost along with tidal irrigation.
Therefore, the invention further contemplates protecting the probiotics by adopting microcapsule encapsulation, improving the survival rate of the probiotics, and facilitating the transportation and popularization of the probiotics modified rock wool. However, since the rock wool does not contain substances such as protein, glucose and the like required by the propagation of probiotics, if the rock wool is added into a water fertilizer, the cost is high, the waste is serious, and harmful bacteria are easy to propagate. Therefore, the invention further adopts polymerized whey protein and konjak mannan as the capsule wall of the microcapsule, the whey protein contains protein, the konjak mannan contains polysaccharide, and lactobacillus can decompose the protein and the konjak mannan to generate nutrient substances required by fungus reproduction, thereby providing necessary nutrient sources for the reproduction of beneficial bacteria. In addition, because whey protein and konjak mannan have stronger adhesiveness, the whey protein and konjak mannan can be firmly present in rock wool, so that probiotics are not easy to fall off along with tidal irrigation.
Therefore, the probiotic modified rock wool and tidal irrigation prepared by the method are combined, so that the survival rate of tomato seedlings in cutting seedling raising of the lateral branch rock wool can be greatly improved, and the plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced.
Claims (9)
1. The cutting seedling raising method for the lateral branch rock wool of the tomato in the glass greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing and foaming the probiotics modified rock wool, selecting cutting slips, preparing cutting slips, cutting the rock wool, and managing after cutting.
2. The method for cutting and raising seedlings of glass greenhouse tomato lateral branch rock wool according to claim 1, wherein the preparation and foaming of the probiotic modified rock wool are as follows: and (3) neatly placing the probiotic modified rock wool on a tide seedling bed, and irrigating and foaming for 4 hours by using water and fertilizer with an EC value of 1.5-3 and a pH value of 5.5-6.5.
3. The method for raising seedlings of glass-greenhouse tomato lateral branch rock wool by cutting according to claim 1, wherein cutting slips are selected by: selecting a lateral branch with 3-5 leaves as cutting slip on a tomato plant with good growth vigor and strong disease resistance, wherein the lateral branch has no plant diseases and insect pests, the length is about 10-15cm, the diameter of the lateral branch stalk is 0.5-2.0cm, the internode is short, the growth point is not damaged.
4. The method for raising seedlings of glass-greenhouse tomato lateral branch rock wool by cutting according to claim 1, wherein cutting slips are prepared by: if the cutting slips are large, firstly removing the large leaves at the lower part of the cutting slips and inflorescences of the existing flower buds, reserving 3-4 leaves at the upper part, and rapidly beveling the position 3-4cm below a lateral branch growing point by using a sterilized stainless steel blade at 30-45 degrees, wherein the incision is required to be smooth and free from contusion.
5. The method for cutting and raising seedlings of glass-greenhouse tomato lateral branches and rock wool according to claim 1, wherein the rock wool is cut: the well-foamed probiotic modified rock wool is inserted into a 2-3cm deep round hole by using a clean and sterile bamboo stick, then a cutting pin is inserted into the probiotic modified rock wool along the round hole, and the cutting pin is slightly pressed downwards after the insertion, so that the tangential plane is in closer contact with the probiotic modified rock wool.
6. The method for cutting and raising seedlings of glass-greenhouse tomato lateral branch rock wool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: after cutting, the probiotic modified rock wool is required to be immediately transferred into a small arch shed covered with a plastic film and a sunshade net for maintenance, so that the purposes of heat preservation, moisture preservation and shading are achieved, and the cutting is prevented from wilting due to the fact that the moisture transpiration amount of leaves is large due to too low humidity and too strong illumination; the temperature of the small arch shed is kept at 20-25 ℃ in daytime, the temperature is kept at 17-19 ℃ at night, the relative humidity in the small arch shed is kept at 90-95% on day 1, the humidity in the small arch shed is gradually reduced, and ventilation is not carried out 3 days before cuttage; ventilation is carried out for 20-30min at 8.00-9.00 am and 4.00-5.00 pm each day after 4 days after cuttage, and the ambient temperature is kept unchanged; the cuttings begin to germinate adventitious roots 7 days after cutting, the coverage area of a sunshade net can be gradually reduced according to the irradiation intensity (300-350) W/-square meter- (351-400) W/-square meter, the illumination is increased, the ventilation time can be increased to 1.5-2.5 hours in the morning and afternoon each day, and when white and strong root systems can be seen at the bottom of rock wool blocks, the management is carried out according to normal seedlings.
7. The method for cutting and raising seedlings of glass greenhouse tomato lateral branch rock wool according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the probiotic modified rock wool comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a whey protein aqueous solution with the concentration of 10-20wt%, hydrating for 8-24 hours at the temperature of 1-5 ℃, then, regulating the pH to 6-7 by using a phosphoric acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5-1.5mol/L after the temperature is restored to the room temperature, heating the whey protein solution to 60-80 ℃ under the stirring of the rotating speed of 60-80r/min, keeping the temperature for 5-20min, and then, cooling to the room temperature by using an ice water bath to obtain a polymerized whey protein solution;
s2, continuously stirring 40-60 parts by mass of the polymerized whey protein solution prepared in the step S1, 7-8 parts by mass of konjak mannan, 0.5-1 part by mass of urea phosphorus, 1-2 parts by mass of urea and 40-60 parts by mass of water at a rotating speed of 80-120r/min, and heating to 60-70 ℃ to react for 1-2 hours to obtain a microcapsule precursor;
s3 the microcapsule prepolymer prepared by S2 contains 10 9-11 cuf/ml probiotics aqueous solution according to the volume ratio (10-30): 1, mixing, shearing at a high speed of 4000-6000r/min for 3-5min at a temperature of 30-40 ℃, and standing for standby to obtain a probiotic microcapsule solution;
s4, soaking the rock wool in the probiotic microcapsule solution prepared in the step S3 for 10-30min, taking out, and freeze-drying to obtain the probiotic modified rock wool.
8. The cutting seedling raising method for glass greenhouse tomato lateral branch rock wool, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the probiotics are trichoderma, lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of (1-2): (2-4): (1-2) and mixing.
9. A probiotic modified rock wool, characterized by being prepared by the method for preparing the probiotic modified rock wool according to claim 7.
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