CN116283834A - (2s,3r)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇以及舞毒蛾性信息素的合成方法 - Google Patents
(2s,3r)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇以及舞毒蛾性信息素的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116283834A CN116283834A CN202211092289.5A CN202211092289A CN116283834A CN 116283834 A CN116283834 A CN 116283834A CN 202211092289 A CN202211092289 A CN 202211092289A CN 116283834 A CN116283834 A CN 116283834A
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- nonanol
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- 241000721703 Lymantria dispar Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000877 Sex Attractant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- KTZQVLFLEBYEJY-ZJUUUORDSA-N [(2s,3r)-3-(5-methylhexyl)oxiran-2-yl]methanol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC[C@H]1O[C@H]1CO KTZQVLFLEBYEJY-ZJUUUORDSA-N 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003016 pheromone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAOFMTDKQYEOES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-5-methylhexane Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCBr XAOFMTDKQYEOES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-yn-1-ol Chemical compound OCC#C TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000026045 iodination Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000006192 iodination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[Br-] OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910001623 magnesium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000005870 sharpless asymmetric epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- -1 (7R, 8S) -7, 8-epoxy-2-methyl-10-octadecene Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 36
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
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- HFOFYNMWYRXIBP-RBUKOAKNSA-N 2-methyl-7R,8S-Epoxy-octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1CCCCC(C)C HFOFYNMWYRXIBP-RBUKOAKNSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
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- HFOFYNMWYRXIBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-decyl-3-(5-methylhexyl)oxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1OC1CCCCC(C)C HFOFYNMWYRXIBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSDQQAQKBAQLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1C(C=CS2)=C2CCN1 CSDQQAQKBAQLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- GGFHLGTYSJQDFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-decyl-3-(5-methylhex-5-enyl)oxirane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCC1OC1CCCCC(C)=C GGFHLGTYSJQDFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006220 Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011929 asymmetric total synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC=CC=C1 MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEBCWEDRGPSHQH-HTQZYQBOSA-N dipropan-2-yl (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(=O)OC(C)C XEBCWEDRGPSHQH-HTQZYQBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dmpu Chemical compound CN1CCCN(C)C1=O GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OINIXPNQKAZCRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OINIXPNQKAZCRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFOFYNMWYRXIBP-MOPGFXCFSA-N 2-methyl-7S,8R-Epoxy-octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[C@H]1O[C@H]1CCCCC(C)C HFOFYNMWYRXIBP-MOPGFXCFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXRWICUICBZVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpent-1-yne Chemical compound CC(C)CC#C OXRWICUICBZVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;palladium Chemical compound C.[Pd] UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N n'-amino-n-iminomethanimidamide Chemical compound N\N=C\N=N VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
- C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
- C07D301/19—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
- C07D303/04—Compounds containing oxirane rings containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
- C07D303/12—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly or doubly bound oxygen atoms
- C07D303/14—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly or doubly bound oxygen atoms by free hydroxyl radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于药物合成领域,公开了一种舞毒蛾性信息素的合成方法,以炔丙醇为与5‑甲基溴己烷反应得到8‑甲基‑2‑炔‑1‑壬醇,催化加氢得8‑甲基‑2‑烯‑1‑壬醇,通过Sharpless不对称环氧化得到(2S,3R)‑2,3‑环氧‑8‑甲基‑2‑烯‑1‑壬醇。在碱性环境下,活化羟基与1‑壬炔进行偶联得到(7R,8S)‑7,8‑环氧‑2‑甲基‑10‑十八炔,最后通过催化加氢得到舞毒蛾信息素的主要成分。将(2S,3R)‑2,3‑环氧‑8‑甲基‑2‑烯‑1‑壬醇的羟基进行碘代与壬烯溴化镁进行格式反应得到舞毒蛾信息素的次要组分。本发明舞毒蛾性信息素的合成方法,简化了实验步骤,原料便宜易得,操作简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到一种昆虫性引诱且五毒无害的天然产物舞毒蛾性信息素组分合成新方法,属于药物合成领域。
背景技术
舞毒蛾,属于鳞翅目,毒蛾科,危害于苹果、梨、桃、杏、樱桃、橡、杨、柳、桑、榆、落叶松等500多种植物,主要分布在我国北方地区及北美的一些地区,由于树木高大成林,树木面积较广,难以进行有效的防治措施,从而导致舞毒蛾泛滥成灾,会影响树木的生长数量,导致树木死亡,严重的破坏环境。传统的防治方式,通过喷洒农药来防治舞毒蛾,但是农药不仅会给环境带来极大的危害还会导致害虫产生抗药性。70年代以来,通过人工合成性信息素来进行害虫的防治,通过对舞毒蛾的捕获以及信息素的提取确定其结构,并进行合成,对舞毒蛾进行捕获,取得良好的经济效益。
利用舞毒蛾的性信息素不仅能够非常有效地诱杀舞毒蛾成虫,从而减少舞毒蛾的危害,相对于传统的抑制方式喷洒农药,性信息素的用量非常微小,不会对环境产生危险,也降低了害虫产生抗药性。1972年,B.A.Bierl等人从舞毒蛾雌性体内提取出7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃是其信息素组分。1984年,K.Hansen等人通过EAD监测发现(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃作对舞毒蛾检测时引起反应,当加入(7S,8R)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃是作用则被抑制,得出(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃作为舞毒蛾的有效组分(K.Hansen,et al.Discrimination and production of disparlure enantiomers bythe gypsy moth and the nun moth.Physiological Entomology 1984,9,9-18)。2005年,G.Gries等人通过GC-EAD检测出在所有可能的单不饱和7,8-环氧2-甲基十八烯中,只有7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烯与昆虫产生的化合物引起类似的触角反应(G.Gries,et al.(7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadec-17-ene:a novel trance component from thesex pheromone gland of gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar.Journal of ChemicalEcology,2005,31,1)
近年来,也有一些课题组合成了舞毒蛾性信息素的组分,但是合成原料较不易得或者步骤繁琐。因此,合成高纯度且具有构型的舞毒蛾信息素组分至关重要,对舞毒蛾的防治具有重要意义。
1978年,G.A.Toletikov通过以环己二烯为原料。经过臭氧氧化,溴代,格式反应,MPP氧化,合成外消旋舞毒蛾性信息素主要组分。其缺点在于,最后一步环氧化的区域选择性差,生成一种混合物,分离纯化困难,生物活性较低。(Ge.A.Toletiko,et al.a newstereoselective synthesis of racemic disparlure,the sex pheromone of gypsymoth,Tetrahedron Letters,1978,21,1857-1858.)
2005年,张朝欣等人以正十一醛和环戊酮为原料,过L-profine催化的不对称aldol反应,Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应,再经氢化还原。Wittig反应.最后经催化氢化,环氧,完成了(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃的不对称全合成。其反应路线如下所示。其缺点在于,Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应的产率不理想,不适宜于规模生产。(张朝欣等,舞毒蛾引诱剂:(+)-(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-十八烷的不对称全合成,化学学报,2007,65,2433-2436.)
2012年,黄培强等人通过偶联、还原、Sharpless环氧、羟基的活化,以及再次偶联等步骤,合成了(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃。其反应路线如下所示(Huang,Peiqiang.Asymmetric Synthesis of Both Enantiomers ofDisparlure.Chin.J.Chem.2012,30,23—28)。该路线的局限性在于,中间体4-甲基-1-戊炔不易购买,且价格昂贵。
(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇是合成舞毒蛾性信息素的常用组分,目前(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇合成方法中,收率均不高。所以本发明需要提供一种有利于(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇收率的提高的合成方法。从而更有利于其在合成舞毒蛾性信息素中的应用。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明在于提供一种操作简便,成本较低,原料廉价易得的(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇的合成方法,得到的(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇可分别用于制备舞毒蛾信息素的主要成分(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃,以及舞毒蛾信息素次要组分为(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基17-十八烯烃。
(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇的合成方法为:
(1)以炔丙醇为起始原料,在碱性条件下与5-甲基溴己烷进行偶联反应,过夜反应,得到8-甲基-2-炔-1-壬醇。
(2)将8-甲基-2-炔-1-壬醇通过催化氢化,在催化剂的作用下得到顺式8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇。
(3)将8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇通过L-(+)-酒石酸二异丙酯和钛酸四异丙酯及叔丁基过氧化氢,催化剂,干燥剂的作用下通过Sharpless不对称环氧化得到产物(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇。
具体地,上述步骤(1)具体为:在-78℃下,在氮气保护下,将炔丙醇和六甲基磷酰三胺(HMPA)溶于四氢呋喃中,加入碱,然后加入5-甲基溴己烷,搅拌反应12小时,经过淬灭,萃取,干燥后处理步骤和柱层析纯化后,得到8-甲基-2-炔-1-壬醇。步骤(1)中所述的碱为正丁基锂或氢化钠,炔丙醇与5-甲基溴己烷的摩尔比为1:2~3。炔丙醇与碱的摩尔比为1:2~2.5;四氢呋喃与六甲基磷酰三胺体积比为1:3~5;
具体地,上述步骤(2)具体为:在0℃下,将催化剂加入有机溶剂中,然后加入8-甲基-2-炔-1-壬醇,在氢气环境下搅拌反应2小时,经过抽滤,萃取,干燥和柱层析纯化后得到8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇。
其中,步骤(2)中的催化剂为Lindlar催化剂或P2-Ni催化剂。
其中,步骤(2)中的有机溶剂为甲醇,乙醇或丙醇。
具体地,上述步骤(3)具体为:在-35℃下,在二氯甲烷中加入干燥剂和催化剂及钛酸四异丙酯,然后加入L-(+)-酒石酸二异丙酯,加入8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇,再加入叔丁基过氧化氢,在-25℃,搅拌反应2天,经过淬灭,萃取,干燥后处理和柱层析纯化后,得到(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇。
其中,步骤(3)中的干燥剂和催化剂分别为二氧化硅和氢化钙。
8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇与L-(+)-酒石酸二异丙酯、钛酸四异丙酯摩尔比为:1:1.2~1.5:1.2~1.5;
(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇合成舞毒蛾性信息素的主要组分为(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃,按照下述步骤进行:
(A)将(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇在碱性条件下和三氟甲磺酸酐反应,得到三氟甲磺酸(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬酯。
(B)将三氟甲磺酸(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬酯在碱性条件下与1-壬炔进行反应,得到(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-10-十八炔。
(C)将(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-10-十八炔通过催化剂和氢气环境下反应得到(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃。
具体地,上述步骤(A)具体为:在-78℃下,将(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇加入到二氯甲烷中,加入三乙胺和三氟甲磺酸酐,搅拌反应1小时,经过淬灭,萃取,干燥得到三氟甲磺酸(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬酯。
其中,步骤(A)中(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇与三氟甲磺酸酐摩尔比为1:2~4。(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇与三乙胺摩尔比1:3~4;
具体地,上述步骤(B)具体为:在-78℃下,将壬炔加入到有机溶剂中,加入碱,然后加入三氟甲磺酸(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬酯,加入助溶剂,搅拌反应1小时,经过淬灭,萃取,干燥等后处理及柱层析纯化得到(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-10-十八炔。
其中,步骤(B)中三氟甲磺酸(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬酯与壬炔的摩尔比为1:2~3。
其中,步骤(B)中的有机溶剂为乙醚或四氢呋喃。
其中,步骤(B)中的碱为正丁基锂。
其中,步骤(B)中的助溶剂为HMPA或DMPU。
具体地,上述步骤(C)具体为:将(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-10-十八炔加入到正己烷中,然后加入催化剂,在氢气环境下催化还原为(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃。
其中,步骤(C)中的催化剂为10%钯碳。
其合成路线如下所示:
对于合成舞毒蛾信息素时,可以在得到关键中间体(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇,在此基础上可以较为便利合成舞毒蛾的主要组分(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃和次要组分(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烯。
一种舞毒蛾性信息素(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃和(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基17-十八烯烃的合成方法,按照下述步骤进行。
(a)将(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇在咪唑和三苯基膦存在的情况下和碘发生反应,生成(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-碘壬烷。
(b)将(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-碘壬烷与格式试剂发生格式反应,生成(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基17-十八烯烃或(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃。
具体地,上述步骤(a)具体为:在0℃下,于二氯甲烷中加入(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇,然后依次加入碱,碘,三苯基膦,搅拌反应1小时,经过抽滤,洗涤,干燥和柱层析纯化后得到(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-碘壬烷。
其中,步骤(a)中的碱为咪唑。
具体地,上述步骤(b)具体为:将(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-碘壬烷加入在干燥的四氢呋喃中加入碘化亚铜,氮气下,缓慢加入格式试剂,搅拌反应40min,经过淬灭,萃取,干燥,柱层析纯化,得到(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-17-十八烯烃或(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃。
其中,步骤(b)中的格式试剂分别为1-壬烯溴化镁和壬烷溴化镁。
其合成路线如下所示:
具体实施方式
结合实例对本发明进行详细描述。
实施例1
步骤1:8-甲基-2-炔-1-壬醇的制备
将丙炔醇(9.4mL,159mmol)溶于THF(100mL),加入HMPA(20mL),抽空换氮,在-78℃下滴加正丁基锂(51mL,2.5M,127mmol),半小时后加入5-甲基溴己烷(10mL,64mmol),室温下反应过夜。TLC监测,反应完成后,在0℃下加入饱和氯化铵溶液(40mL)。用2M盐酸(150mL)和甲基叔丁基醚(200mL)萃取,旋干,过柱(PE:EA=10:1),得8-甲基-2-炔-1-壬醇(8.3g,产率85%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ4.25(s,2H),2.22-2.19(m,2H),1.57-1.43(m,3H),1.41-1.32(m,2H),1.16(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),0.87(d,J=6.6Hz,6H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ78.4,77.5,77.2,76.8,51.6,38.6,29.0,28.00,26.8,22.7,18.9.HRMS(ESI)calcd forC10H18NaO+[M+Na+]177.1250,found 177.1265.
将步骤1中正丁基锂换成氢化钠,其他条件不变,收率为64%。
步骤2:8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇的制备
在无水甲醇(120mL),加入四水合醋酸镍(12.5g,50mmol),0℃加入硼氢化钠(1.9g,50mmol),15min后加入乙二胺(3.4mL,60mmol),最后加入8-甲基-2-炔-1-壬醇(7.8g,50mmol),氢气下室温反应2h。反应完成后,抽滤,旋干甲醇,乙酸乙酯(200mL)和水(150mL)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,收集有机相,过柱(PE:EA=10:1),得8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇(7.5g,产率95%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ5.64-5.54(m,2H),4.21(d,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.12-2.06(m,2H),1.50-1.57(m,1H),1.38-1.28(m,4H),1.20-1.16(m,2H),0.88(d,J=6.6Hz,6H);13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ133.3,128.5,77.4,77.2,76.9,58.7,38.9,30.0,28.0,27.6,27.1,22.8.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C10H20ONH4 +[M+NH4 +]174.1852,found 174.1866.
将步骤2中的四水合醋酸镍和硼氢化钠换成Lindlar催化剂,其他条件不变,产率为94%。
步骤3:(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇的制备
在DCM(200mL),钛酸四异丙酯(17.2mL,58mmol)中加入氢化钙(800mg,19mmol),二氧化硅(400mg,7mmol),氮气保护下,在-35℃下加入L-(+)-酒石酸二异丙酯(17.7g,62mmol),30min后加入8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇(7.5g,48mmol),30min后加入叔丁基过氧化氢(19mL,5.5M,105mmol),升温至-25℃,反应2天。反应完成加入10%酒石酸(50mL),抽滤,用二氯甲烷(200mL)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,收取有机相,过柱(PE:EA=5:1),得(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇(7.2g,产率88%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ3.88-3.80(m,1H),3.67-3.62(m,1H),3.16-3.13(m,1H),3.04-3.00(m,1H),1.55-1.30(m,7H),1.19-1.13(m,2H),0.85(d,J=6.6Hz,6H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ77.5,77.2,76.9,61.0,57.5,57.1,38.9,28.1,27.3,27.0,22.7,22.7.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C10H20O2NH4 +[M+NH4 +]190.1801,found 190.1792.
将步骤3中的氢化钙去除,其他条件不变,产率为60%。
将步骤3中的二氧化硅去除,其他条件不变,产率为62%。
将步骤3中的二氧化硅和氢化钙都不添加,其他条件不变,产率为45%。
实施例2:(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃的制备
步骤1:将(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇(400mg,2.3mmol)加入到DCM(50mL),在-78℃下加入三乙胺(1.4mL,8.3mmol),三氟甲磺酸酐(1.4mL,7mmol),升温至-60℃,反应30min,降温至-78℃,反应30min,反应完成后,用饱和氯化铵(10mL)淬灭,二氯甲烷(50mL)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,收集有机相得粗品(700mg)。即为三氟甲磺酸(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬酯的制备
步骤2:(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-10-十八炔的制备
将壬炔(1.1mL,6.7mmol)加入四氢呋喃(40mL),氮气保护下,-78℃滴加正丁基锂(2mL,2.5M,4.1mmol),30min后加入上一步所得粗品(700mg,2.3mmol),加入DMPU(8mL),反应1h,反应完成后,饱和氯化铵(15mL)淬灭,旋干,二氯甲烷萃取,过柱(PE:EA=100:1),得(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-10-十八炔(466mg,步骤1、步骤2两步总产率72%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ3.13-3.08(m,1H),2.97-2.91(m,1H),2.59-2.54(m,1H),2.26-2.20(m,1H),2.17-2.12(m,2H),1.58-1.41(m,7H),1.38-1.24(m,10H),1.22-1.15(m,2H),0.88(t,J=6.9Hz,9H);13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ82.6,77.4,77.2,76.9,75.0,57.3,55.6,39.0,31.9,29.0,28.9,28.0,27.7,27.4,26.9,22.8,22.8,18.91,18.9,14.23.HRMS(ESI)calcdfor C19H34ONH4 +[M+NH4 +]296.2948,found 296.2942.
步骤3:(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃的制备
将(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-10-十八炔(390mg,1.7mmol)加入正己烷(60mL),冰浴下加入10%钯碳,氢气下反应2h。反应完成后,抽滤,乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取,过柱(PE:EA=100:1),得(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃(316mg,产率80%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.92-2.88(m,2H),1.57-1.40(m,8H),1.38-1.22(m,17H),1.21-1.14(m,2H),0.87(t,J=6.6Hz,9H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ77.5,77.2,76.8,57.4,39.1,32.1,29.7,29.7,28.0,28.0,28.0,27.0,22.9,22.8,22.8,14.26.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C19H38ONH4 +[M+NH4 +]300.3261,found 300.3261.
实施例3:7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基17-十八烯烃的制备
步骤a:(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-碘壬烷的制备
将环氧(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇(1g,5.8mmol)加入干燥的二氯甲烷(40mL),氮气下,0℃下加入咪唑(1g,16.2mmol),碘(2.6g,10.4mmol),滴加三苯基膦(2.7g,10.4mmol),滴加15min,加完0℃下继续搅拌一小时,反应完成后,加石油醚(50mL)搅拌析出固体,抽滤,过柱(PE:EA=100:1),得到纯品(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-碘壬烷(1.4g,产率为91%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ3.36-3.26(m,2H),3.09-3.00(m,2H),1.59-1.43(m,5H),1.40-1.31(m,2H),1.21-1.16(m,2H),0.87(d,J=6.6Hz,6H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ77.5,77.2,76.8,60.1,56.9,38.9,28.0,27.4,27.2,27.0,22.7.
步骤b:(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基17-十八烯烃的制备
将上步碘代物(240mg,0.9mmol),碘化亚铜(64mg,0.36mmol),抽真空氩气置换三次,冷至-23℃注射器推入THF(10mL),HMPA(1.5mL),加入1-壬烯溴化镁(1g,4.5mmol),加完搅拌40min。反应完成后,加入氯化铵溶液(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干过柱(PE:EA=100:1),得(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基17-十八烯烃(150mg,产率为63%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.85-5.75(m,1H),5.00-4.91(m,2H),2.89(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),2.06-2.01(m,2H),1.56-1.25(m,21H),1.21-1.75(m,2H),0.86(d,J=6.6Hz,6H);13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ139.3,114.3,77.5,77.2,76.8,57.3,39.0,33.9,29.7,29.7,29.5,29.2,29.0,28.0,28.0,27.9,27.5,27.0,26.7,22.7.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C19H36NaO+[M+Na+]303.2658,found 303.2661.
实施例4:(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃的的另一种制备方法
将实施例3步骤a碘代物(240mg,0.9mmol),碘化亚铜(64mg,0.36mmol),抽真空氩气置换三次,冷至-23℃注射器推入THF(10mL),HMPA(1.5mL),加入1-壬烯溴化镁(1g,4.5mmol),加完搅拌40min。反应完成后,加入氯化铵溶液(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干过柱(PE:EA=100:1),得(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃(160mg,产率为63%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.92-2.88(m,2H),1.57-1.40(m,8H),1.38-1.22(m,17H),1.21-1.14(m,2H),0.87(t,J=6.6Hz,9H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ77.5,77.2,76.8,57.2,39.1,32.1,29.7,29.7,28.04,28.0,28.0,27.0,22.9,22.8,22.8,14.26.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C19H38ONH4 +[M+NH4 +]300.3261,found 300.3261。
Claims (10)
1.一种(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇的合成方法,其特征在于:所述合成方法为:按照下述步骤进行:
(1)以炔丙醇为起始原料,在碱性条件下与5-甲基溴己烷进行偶联反应,过夜反应,得到8-甲基-2-炔-1-壬醇;
(2)将8-甲基-2-炔-1-壬醇通过催化氢化,在催化剂的作用下得到顺式8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇;
(3)将顺式8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇通过L-(+)-酒石酸二异丙酯和钛酸四异丙酯及叔丁基过氧化氢,催化剂,干燥剂的作用下通过Sharpless不对称环氧化得到产物(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)具体步骤为:在-78℃下,在氮气保护下,将炔丙醇和助溶剂溶于四氢呋喃中,加入碱,然后加入5-甲基溴己烷,搅拌反应12小时,经过淬灭,萃取,干燥后处理步骤和柱层析纯化后,得到8-甲基-2-炔-1-壬醇。
3.如权利要求1所述(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇的合成方法,其特征在于:所诉步骤(2)具体步骤为:在0℃下,将催化剂加入有机溶剂中,然后加入8-甲基-2-炔-1-壬醇,在氢气环境下搅拌反应2小时,经过抽滤,萃取,干燥和柱层析纯化后得到8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇。
4.如权利要求1所述(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中的碱为正丁基锂或氢化钠,炔丙醇与5-甲基溴己烷的摩尔比为1:2~3。
5.如权利要求1所述(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中的催化剂为Lindar催化剂或P2-Ni催化剂。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述方法合成(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇在舞毒蛾性信息素中的应用,其特征在于:8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇,通过Sharpless不对称环氧化得到(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇,在碱性环境下,活化羟基,与1-壬炔进行偶联,得到(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-10-十八炔,最后,通过催化加氢得到舞毒蛾信息素的主要成分;
将(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬醇的羟基进行碘代与壬烯溴化镁进行格式反应得到舞毒蛾信息素的次要组分。
7.根据权利要求6的应用,其特征在于:舞毒蛾信息素的主要成分具体合成步骤为:
(1)将(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇在碱性条件下和三氟甲磺酸酐反应,得到三氟甲磺酸(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬酯;
(2)将三氟甲磺酸(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-2-烯-1-壬酯在碱性条件下与1-壬炔进行反应,得到(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-10-十八炔;
(3)将(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-10-十八炔通过催化剂和氢气环境下反应得到(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃。
8.根据权利要求7的应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)具体条件为:在-78℃下,将(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇加入到二氯甲烷中,加入三乙胺和三氟甲磺酸酐,搅拌反应1小时,经过淬灭,萃取,干燥得到三氟甲磺酸(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬酯,(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇与三氟甲磺酸酐摩尔比为1:2~4。
9.根据权利要求6的应用,其特征在于:舞毒蛾信息素的次要成分具体合成步骤为:
(1)将(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇在咪唑和三苯基膦存在的情况下和碘发生反应,生成(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-碘壬烷;
(2)将(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-碘壬烷与1-壬烯溴化镁或壬烷溴化镁发生格式反应,生成(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基17-十八烯烃或(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃。
10.根据权利要求9的应用,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)具体步骤为:在0℃下,于二氯甲烷中加入(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-壬醇,然后依次加入咪唑,碘,三苯基膦,搅拌反应1小时,经过抽滤,洗涤,干燥和柱层析纯化后得到(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-碘壬烷;
步骤(2)具体步骤为:将(2S,3R)-2,3-环氧-8-甲基-1-碘壬烷加入在干燥的四氢呋喃中加入碘化亚铜,氮气下,缓慢加入1-壬烯溴化镁或壬烷溴化镁,搅拌反应40min,经过淬灭,萃取,干燥,柱层析纯化,得到(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基17-十八烯烃或(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷烃。
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