CN116283317A - 一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QRNPTSGPQSOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium zirconium Chemical compound [Mg].[Zr] QRNPTSGPQSOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 magnesium aluminate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵及其制备方法。制备方法包括如下步骤:S1、将一定质量比的镁铝尖晶石颗粒、镁铝尖晶石细粉、镁锆砂细粉和硼砂进行混合得到混合料;S2、将一定质量比的碳酸氢铵溶液、氯化镁溶液、硫酸钾溶液和四氯化钛溶液分散混合得到混合液;S3、将混合料和混合液以一定质量比进行混合、密封陈放后得到生坯;S4、将步骤S3得到的生坯机压成型后,在一定温度下干燥一段时间后高温热处理一段时间,得到钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵;其中,步骤S1和S2无先后顺序。本发明的制备方法工艺简单、生产成本低,用该方法制备的钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的烧结性能好、成品率高、抗侵蚀性强和热震稳定性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钠离子电池技术领域,尤其涉及一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵及其制备方法。
背景技术
钠离子电池是新能源电池中重要的组成部分,可应用于储能、消费及动力等领域(方学舟,吕景文,郑涛,等。钠离子电池正极材料的研究现状[J].电池,2021,51(2):201-204)。钠离子电池正极材料是影响其性能的关键因素,且成本占比也最高(丁玉寅,祝鹏浩,陆继鑫,等。钠离子电池正、负极材料研究进展[J].化工科技,2022,30(1):57-62)。自钠离子电池商业化量产以来,盛装钠离子电池正极材料的匣钵也得到了广泛的关注。
与锂离子电池正极材料不同,钠离子电池正极材料的碱性更强,在高温固相工艺中,低黏度的钠电正极前驱体对匣钵的侵蚀和渗透加剧,这导致了匣钵服役寿命的显著降低(王英男,孙辉。正极材料烧结过程产生匣钵结晶的研究[J].电源技术,2022,46(11):1249-1252)。
目前,对钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的开发报道较少,仍沿用锂电正极材料烧结用匣钵的材质体系——即以堇青石-莫来石/尖晶石形成的复合材质为主(翟鹏涛,刘明杨,周文英,等。镁铝尖晶石对煅烧LiNixCoyMnzO2正极材料用匣钵材料性能的影响[J].耐火材料,2021,55(2):102-106),虽其具有一定的优势,但堇青石-莫来石/尖晶石系匣钵在钠离子电池正极材料热处理过程中仍面临诸多问题,主要表现在以下几个方面:
(1)钠离子电池正极材料前驱体中钠源(碳酸钠或氢氧化钠)对匣钵的侵蚀更为严重,极易与匣钵本体中的酸性SiO2组分发生反应形成钠霞石,且在钠离子电池正极材料高温(800~1000℃)热处理过程中,该反应无法避免的持续进行,并引发近30~40%的体积膨胀,导致匣钵开裂损毁。
(2)钠离子电池正极材料的黏度低,高温下熔融呈液态,对堇青石-莫来石/尖晶石质匣钵的渗透能力更强,甚至直接穿透匣钵侧壁和底部而引发钠电正极材料的流失。
(3)堇青石-莫来石/尖晶石系匣钵在作为钠电正极材料烧结用匣钵在往复服役过程中,同时面临循环热应力的损毁导致匣钵的结构剥落,一方面污染正极材料,影响钠电正极材料的纯度及电化学性能;另一方面加速了匣钵的损毁。
(4)钠电正极材料中钠源化学反应活性高,热处理过程中还易与其它游离组分如游离Al2O3(f-Al2O3)、游离SiO2(f-SiO2)等反应形成偏铝酸钠或偏硅酸钠/硅酸钠等高膨胀物相,加速匣钵的开裂、剥落与损毁。
(5)匣钵的结合体系也是影响其服役性能的重要因素。匣钵属于定形烧成制品,既要求具备一定的生坯强度来保障烘烤脱水阶段的整体外观,又要具有良好的成品烧结强度。而传统结合体系(如糊精等)在匣钵烧结过程中逸出,留下孔隙,降低了匣钵的致密度,损害了匣钵的抗侵蚀性能;而强酸性结合剂(如磷酸、磷酸盐等)虽然高温烧成阶段不挥发,但又易与碱性钠源反应形成低熔相。含盐类结合剂(如纸浆废液等)又难以为匣钵提供良好的早期强度,导致匣钵在成型后开裂损毁,增大了匣钵的废品率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,针对现有技术的上述不足,提供一种工艺简单、生产成本低的钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,用该方法制备的钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的烧结性能好、成品率高、抗侵蚀性强和热震稳定性高。
本发明的一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将一定质量比的镁铝尖晶石颗粒、镁铝尖晶石细粉、镁锆砂细粉和硼砂进行混合得到混合料;
S2、将一定质量比的碳酸氢铵溶液、氯化镁溶液、硫酸钾溶液和四氯化钛溶液分散混合得到混合液;
S3、将步骤S1得到的混合料和S2得到的混合液以一定质量比进行混合、密封陈放后得到生坯;
S4、将步骤S3得到的生坯机压成型后,在一定温度下干燥一段时间后高温热处理一段时间,得到钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵;
其中,步骤S1和S2无先后顺序。
进一步的,步骤S1中,所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒、镁铝尖晶石细粉、镁锆砂细粉和硼砂的质量比为100∶(40~45)∶(8~15)∶(6~12)。
进一步的,步骤S2中,碳酸氢铵溶液、氯化镁溶液、硫酸钾溶液和四氯化钛溶液的质量比为100∶(50~80)∶(40~70)∶(20~30);其中,所述碳酸氢铵溶液的浓度为3~5mol/L;所述氯化镁溶液的浓度为2~3mol/L;所述硫酸钾溶液的浓度为3~4mol/L;所述四氯化钛溶液的浓度为1~3mol/L。
进一步的,步骤S2中,在60~70℃水浴加热条件下超声分散10~15分钟,得到混合液。
进一步的,步骤S3中,混合液占混合料的5~7wt%;搅拌15~20分钟,密封陈放6~8小时。
进一步的,步骤S4中,机压成型的压力为60~80MPa,干燥的温度为110~120℃,干燥的时间为4~8小时,热处理的温度为1200~1250℃,时间为3~6小时。
进一步的,所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒的粒度为0.2~2.5mm,其中粒度分别为[0.2mm,0.5mm)、[0.5mm,1.2mm)、[1.2mm,1.8mm)、[1.8mm,2.5mm)的颗粒质量比例为100∶(25~40)∶(15~18)∶(5~8);所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒的Al2O3含量为55~60wt%,MgO含量为38~40wt%。
进一步的,所述镁铝尖晶石细粉的粒度为70~80μm;所述镁铝尖晶石细粉的Al2O3含量为70~78wt%,MgO含量为20~22wt%。
进一步的,所述镁锆砂细粉的粒度为40~60μm;所述镁锆砂细粉的MgO含量为88~90wt%,ZrO2含量为8~10wt%。
进一步的,所述硼砂为工业纯。
一种采用上述的制备方法制备的钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵。
由于采取上述技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下积极效果:
1、本发明所选用原料均是无机材料领域的常见组分,原料来源广,无特殊设备或技术要求,仅需将原料按配比混合均匀后压制、干燥和烧成,工艺过程简单,适宜于匣钵的工业化生产。
2、本发明利用可溶性钛盐、镁盐和钾盐组分在碳酸氢铵缓冲液中离子交换形成前驱体,与混合料充分接触后,在高温热处理过程中以镁源为基体,在基质中原位形成丰富的晶须,增强匣钵基体的结构韧性,提高匣钵的热震稳定性。
3、本发明以晶须的原位生长来强化骨料颗粒与基质细粉的结合,并通过其交错网络结构与形貌,增大匣钵的粗糙度,利用晶须的碱性组分(镁和钾)与碱性钠离子电池正极材料形成隔离,提高界面反应惰性,阻碍钠电正极材料的侵蚀和渗透。
4、本发明通过硼砂水解的B(OH)4 –和羟基基团长链链接形成化学结合,为匣钵提供良好的早期强度,提高了匣钵制品的成品率,且在高温热处理过程中既无分解挥发,不降低匣钵的致密度,又能形成陶瓷相致密结合,同时增大匣钵材料体系的碱度,进一步提高匣钵的抗侵蚀性能。
5、本发明原料组分中无f-Al2O3或酸性SiO2组分等,避免钠离子电池正极材料中碱性钠源与匣钵的化学反应。此外,镁铝尖晶石及镁锆组分原料的热膨胀系数低,与钠电正极材料的润湿性差,从材料设计源头着手改善匣钵的抗侵蚀性,并有利于提高匣钵的结构稳定和抗剥落性。
6、本发明通过原料组分的颗粒级配与临界粒度级差形成紧密堆积,并利用硼砂的结合提供液相介质,促进晶须的原位生长发育和匣钵的烧结,显著降低了匣钵的烧结温度,有利于匣钵开发的节能环保。
本发明所制备的钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵检测:成品率为95~98%,体积密度为2.68~2.76g/cm3,1100℃循环水冷5次热震稳定性实验残余抗折强度保持率为88~92%,1000℃×10h静态坩埚法抗渣实验侵蚀指数为1.2~1.6%。
因此,本发明具有工艺简单、生产成本低的特点,所制备的钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的烧结性能好、成品率高、抗侵蚀性强和热震稳定性高。
附图说明
图1为实施例2制备的匣钵微观结构SEM照片;
图2为Mg-B-O二元系相平衡;
图3为匣钵体系抗Na2O侵蚀反应的Factsage热力学。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
本实施例的一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将一定质量比的镁铝尖晶石颗粒、镁铝尖晶石细粉、镁锆砂细粉和硼砂进行混合得到混合料;
S2、将一定质量比的碳酸氢铵溶液、氯化镁溶液、硫酸钾溶液和四氯化钛溶液分散混合得到混合液;
S3、将步骤S1得到的混合料和S2得到的混合液以一定质量比进行混合、密封陈放后得到生坯;
S4、将步骤S3得到的生坯机压成型后,在一定温度下干燥一段时间后高温热处理一段时间,得到钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵;
其中,步骤S1和S2无先后顺序。
步骤S1中,所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒、镁铝尖晶石细粉、镁锆砂细粉和硼砂的质量比为100∶42∶13∶8。
步骤S2中,碳酸氢铵溶液、氯化镁溶液、硫酸钾溶液和四氯化钛溶液的质量比为100∶65∶45∶22;其中,所述碳酸氢铵溶液的浓度为3mol/L;所述氯化镁溶液的浓度为3mol/L;所述硫酸钾溶液的浓度为4mol/L;所述四氯化钛溶液的浓度为2mol/L。
步骤S2中,在65℃水浴加热条件下超声分散15分钟,得到混合液。
步骤S3中,混合液占混合料的5wt%;搅拌20分钟,密封陈放6小时。
步骤S4中,机压成型的压力为65MPa,干燥的温度为110℃,干燥的时间为6小时,热处理的温度为1230℃,时间为5小时。
镁铝尖晶石颗粒的粒度为0.2~2.5mm,其中粒度分别为[0.2mm,0.5mm)、[0.5mm,1.2mm)、[1.2mm,1.8mm)、[1.8mm,2.5mm)的颗粒质量比例为100∶28∶16∶6;所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒的Al2O3含量为55~60wt%,MgO含量为38~40wt%。
本实施例所制备的钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵检测:成品率为96%,体积密度为2.72g/cm3,1100℃循环水冷5次热震稳定性实验残余抗折强度保持率为91%,1000℃×10h静态坩埚法抗渣实验侵蚀指数为1.3%。
实施例2
本实施例的一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将一定质量比的镁铝尖晶石颗粒、镁铝尖晶石细粉、镁锆砂细粉和硼砂进行混合得到混合料;
S2、将一定质量比的碳酸氢铵溶液、氯化镁溶液、硫酸钾溶液和四氯化钛溶液分散混合得到混合液;
S3、将步骤S1得到的混合料和S2得到的混合液以一定质量比进行混合、密封陈放后得到生坯;
S4、将步骤S3得到的生坯机压成型后,在一定温度下干燥一段时间后高温热处理一段时间,得到钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵;
其中,步骤S1和S2无先后顺序。
步骤S1中,所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒、镁铝尖晶石细粉、镁锆砂细粉和硼砂的质量比为100∶40∶10∶6。
步骤S2中,碳酸氢铵溶液、氯化镁溶液、硫酸钾溶液和四氯化钛溶液的质量比为100∶72∶65∶24;其中,所述碳酸氢铵溶液的浓度为4mol/L;所述氯化镁溶液的浓度为3mol/L;所述硫酸钾溶液的浓度为3mol/L;所述四氯化钛溶液的浓度为1mol/L。
步骤S2中,在70℃水浴加热条件下超声分散12分钟,得到混合液。
步骤S3中,混合液占混合料的6wt%;搅拌18分钟,密封陈放7小时。
步骤S4中,机压成型的压力为60MPa,干燥的温度为120℃,干燥的时间为4小时,热处理的温度为1220℃,时间为6小时。
镁铝尖晶石颗粒的粒度为0.2~2.5mm,其中粒度分别为[0.2mm,0.5mm)、[0.5mm,1.2mm)、[1.2mm,1.8mm)、[1.8mm,2.5mm)的颗粒质量比例为100∶35∶18∶8;所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒的Al2O3含量为55~60wt%,MgO含量为38~40wt%。
本实施例所制备的钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵检测:成品率为98%,体积密度为2.68g/cm3,1100℃循环水冷5次热震稳定性实验残余抗折强度保持率为89%,1000℃×10h静态坩埚法抗渣实验侵蚀指数为1.4%。
实施例3
本实施例的一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将一定质量比的镁铝尖晶石颗粒、镁铝尖晶石细粉、镁锆砂细粉和硼砂进行混合得到混合料;
S2、将一定质量比的碳酸氢铵溶液、氯化镁溶液、硫酸钾溶液和四氯化钛溶液分散混合得到混合液;
S3、将步骤S1得到的混合料和S2得到的混合液以一定质量比进行混合、密封陈放后得到生坯;
S4、将步骤S3得到的生坯机压成型后,在一定温度下干燥一段时间后高温热处理一段时间,得到钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵;
其中,步骤S1和S2无先后顺序。
步骤S1中,所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒、镁铝尖晶石细粉、镁锆砂细粉和硼砂的质量比为100∶45∶9∶10。
步骤S2中,碳酸氢铵溶液、氯化镁溶液、硫酸钾溶液和四氯化钛溶液的质量比为100∶56∶55∶27;其中,所述碳酸氢铵溶液的浓度为3mol/L;所述氯化镁溶液的浓度为2mol/L;所述硫酸钾溶液的浓度为4mol/L;所述四氯化钛溶液的浓度为3mol/L。
步骤S2中,在70℃水浴加热条件下超声分散10分钟,得到混合液。
步骤S3中,混合液占混合料的7wt%;搅拌15分钟,密封陈放8小时。
步骤S4中,机压成型的压力为80MPa,干燥的温度为115℃,干燥的时间为5小时,热处理的温度为1200℃,时间为4小时。
镁铝尖晶石颗粒的粒度为0.2~2.5mm,其中粒度分别为[0.2mm,0.5mm)、[0.5mm,1.2mm)、[1.2mm,1.8mm)、[1.8mm,2.5mm)的颗粒质量比例为100∶25∶17∶7;所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒的Al2O3含量为55~60wt%,MgO含量为38~40wt%。
本实施例所制备的钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵检测:成品率为97%,体积密度为2.75g/cm3,1100℃循环水冷5次热震稳定性实验残余抗折强度保持率为92%,1000℃×10h静态坩埚法抗渣实验侵蚀指数为1.2%。
图1为实施例2制备的匣钵微观结构SEM照片;从图中可以看出在匣钵中形成了大量的晶须,骨料颗粒形貌保持良好,晶须主要从基质中生长并交错形成网状结构。
图2为Mg-B-O二元系相平衡;从图中可以看出,在MgO基材料体系中B2O3的引入能够提供充分的液相介质环境,保障晶须的生长发育。
图3为匣钵体系抗Na2O侵蚀反应的Factsage热力学结果,从图中可以看到,匣钵材料体系抗侵蚀能力强,液相(slag)的形成量小,且固相Mg3B2O6(s)的形成与尖晶石固相(s)等一起,有效阻碍液相熔体的侵蚀与渗透。
以上未涉及之处,适用于现有技术。
虽然已经通过示例对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明,但是本领域的技术人员应该理解,以上示例仅是为了进行说明,而不是为了限制本发明的范围,本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例来做出各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,但并不会偏离本发明的方向或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施方式所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、将一定质量比的镁铝尖晶石颗粒、镁铝尖晶石细粉、镁锆砂细粉和硼砂进行混合得到混合料;
S2、将一定质量比的碳酸氢铵溶液、氯化镁溶液、硫酸钾溶液和四氯化钛溶液分散混合得到混合液;
S3、将步骤S1得到的混合料和S2得到的混合液以一定质量比进行混合、密封陈放后得到生坯;
S4、将步骤S3得到的生坯机压成型后,在一定温度下干燥一段时间后高温热处理一段时间,得到钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵;
其中,步骤S1和S2无先后顺序。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒、镁铝尖晶石细粉、镁锆砂细粉和硼砂的质量比为100∶(40~45)∶(8~15)∶(6~12)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,碳酸氢铵溶液、氯化镁溶液、硫酸钾溶液和四氯化钛溶液的质量比为100∶(50~80)∶(40~70)∶(20~30);其中,所述碳酸氢铵溶液的浓度为3~5mol/L;所述氯化镁溶液的浓度为2~3mol/L;所述硫酸钾溶液的浓度为3~4mol/L;所述四氯化钛溶液的浓度为1~3mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,在60~70℃水浴加热条件下超声分散10~15分钟,得到混合液。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,混合液占混合料的5~7wt%;搅拌15~20分钟,密封陈放6~8小时。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,机压成型的压力为60~80MPa,干燥的温度为110~120℃,干燥的时间为4~8小时,热处理的温度为1200~1250℃,时间为3~6小时。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒的粒度为0.2~2.5mm,其中粒度分别为[0.2mm,0.5mm)、[0.5mm,1.2mm)、[1.2mm,1.8mm)、[1.8mm,2.5mm)的颗粒质量比例为100∶(25~40)∶(15~18)∶(5~8);所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒的Al2O3含量为55~60wt%,MgO含量为38~40wt%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述镁铝尖晶石细粉的粒度为70~80μm;所述镁铝尖晶石细粉的Al2O3含量为70~78wt%,MgO含量为20~22wt%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述镁锆砂细粉的粒度为40~60μm;所述镁锆砂细粉的MgO含量为88~90wt%,ZrO2含量为8~10wt%。
10.一种采用权利要求1-9任一项所述的制备方法制备的钠离子电池正极材料烧结用匣钵。
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