CN116234955A - 合成纤维用处理剂以及合成纤维 - Google Patents
合成纤维用处理剂以及合成纤维 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116234955A CN116234955A CN202180064621.4A CN202180064621A CN116234955A CN 116234955 A CN116234955 A CN 116234955A CN 202180064621 A CN202180064621 A CN 202180064621A CN 116234955 A CN116234955 A CN 116234955A
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- Prior art keywords
- synthetic fibers
- fatty acid
- agent
- treatment agent
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 125000002460 pentacosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical class CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXBLITCOLKGJDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradec-13-en-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GXBLITCOLKGJDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LKOVPWSSZFDYPG-WUKNDPDISA-N trans-octadec-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O LKOVPWSSZFDYPG-WUKNDPDISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002469 tricosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNXDCMUUZNIWPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)=C1 JNXDCMUUZNIWPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明的课题在于,适当地提高合成纤维的集束性。合成纤维用处理剂含有平滑剂和非离子表面活性剂。平滑剂含有由在分子中具有羟基和羧基的羟基脂肪酸缩合形成的缩合羟基脂肪酸。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及合成纤维用处理剂以及合成纤维。
背景技术
碳纤维例如通过进行下述工序来制造:纺丝工序,将丙烯酸类树脂等进行纺丝;干燥致密化工序,将纺丝得到的纤维干燥,进行致密化;拉伸工序,对干燥致密化的纤维进行拉伸,制造作为合成纤维的碳纤维前体;耐火处理工序,使碳纤维前体呈耐火性;以及碳化处理工序,对耐火纤维进行碳化。
在合成纤维的制造工序中,为了提高纤维的集束性,有时使用合成纤维用处理剂。
专利文献1中公开了一种碳纤维制造用丙烯酸纤维油剂,其含有具有包含氮原子的改性基团的改性硅酮和支链脂肪酸。专利文献2中公开了一种含有含氟共聚物和缩合羟基脂肪酸的表面改性剂。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2011-184842号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2016-44210号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
在合成纤维用处理剂中,对于在合成纤维的制造工序中提高集束性的效果,要求进一步的性能提高。
本发明是鉴于这样的实情而完成的,其目的在于提供一种合成纤维用处理剂,其能够适当地提高合成纤维的制造工序中的集束性。其目的还在于,提供一种附着有该合成纤维用处理剂的合成纤维。
用于解决课题的手段
用于解决上述课题的合成纤维用处理剂的要点在于,其是含有平滑剂和非离子表面活性剂的合成纤维用处理剂,其中,上述平滑剂含有由在分子中具有羟基和羧基的羟基脂肪酸缩合形成的缩合羟基脂肪酸。
上述合成纤维用处理剂中,上述缩合羟基脂肪酸优选由选自蓖麻油脂肪酸、氢化蓖麻油脂肪酸、蓖麻酸和12-羟基硬脂酸中的至少一者缩合形成。
上述合成纤维用处理剂中,上述缩合羟基脂肪酸的缩合度优选为2~10。
上述合成纤维用处理剂中,上述平滑剂优选进一步包含氨基改性硅酮。
上述合成纤维用处理剂中,将上述平滑剂和上述非离子表面活性剂的合计含有比例设为100质量%时,优选上述缩合羟基脂肪酸的含有比例为0.1~15质量%。
上述合成纤维用处理剂优选进一步含有离子性化合物。
上述合成纤维用处理剂中,将上述平滑剂、上述非离子表面活性剂和离子性化合物的合计含有比例设为100质量%时,优选上述缩合羟基脂肪酸的含有比例为0.1~15质量%。
上述合成纤维用处理剂中,上述合成纤维优选为碳纤维前体。
用于解决上述课题的合成纤维的要点在于,其附着有上述合成纤维用处理剂。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够适当地提高合成纤维的集束性。
具体实施方式
(第1实施方式)
对于将本发明的合成纤维用处理剂(下文中也简称为处理剂)具体化的第1实施方式进行说明。
本实施方式的处理剂含有平滑剂和非离子表面活性剂。平滑剂含有由在分子中具有羟基和羧基的羟基脂肪酸缩合形成的缩合羟基脂肪酸。
通过含有上述缩合羟基脂肪酸,能够适当地提高合成纤维的集束性。
作为上述缩合羟基脂肪酸的具体例,例如可以举出12-羟基硬脂酸六聚体缩合物、蓖麻油脂肪酸四~五聚体缩合物、蓖麻油脂肪酸六聚体缩合物、蓖麻油脂肪酸二聚体缩合物、12-羟基十二烷酸五聚体缩合物等。
上述缩合羟基脂肪酸没有特别限制,优选由选自蓖麻油脂肪酸、氢化蓖麻油脂肪酸、蓖麻酸和12-羟基硬脂酸中的至少一者缩合形成。通过含有这些缩合羟基脂肪酸,如下文所述,可提高处理剂对合成纤维的润湿性。
需要说明的是,上述蓖麻油脂肪酸、氢化蓖麻油脂肪酸是指衍生自作为原料的蓖麻油、氢化蓖麻油的脂肪酸。
上述缩合羟基脂肪酸的缩合度优选为2~10。
上述缩合羟基脂肪酸可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上
上述缩合羟基脂肪酸可以为市售品,也可以通过公知的方法来制造。在通过公知的方法制造的情况下,例如可以通过原料物质中所包含的羟基与羧基的脱水缩合反应而制造。
另外,上述缩合羟基脂肪酸在处理剂中也可以与其他胺、金属等碱性成分形成盐。
另外,本实施方式的处理剂优选含有上述缩合羟基脂肪酸以外的平滑剂。作为上述缩合羟基脂肪酸以外的平滑剂,例如可以举出硅酮、酯等。
关于作为平滑剂使用的硅酮没有特别限制,例如可以举出二甲基硅酮、苯基改性硅酮、氨基改性硅酮、酰胺改性硅酮、聚醚改性硅酮、氨基聚醚改性硅酮、烷基改性硅酮、烷基芳烷基改性硅酮、烷基聚醚改性硅酮、酯改性硅酮、环氧改性硅酮、甲醇改性硅酮、巯基改性硅酮等。
关于作为平滑剂使用的酯没有特别限制,例如可以举出:(1)棕榈酸辛酯、月桂酸油酯、油酸油酯、油酸异二十四烷基酯等脂肪族单醇与脂肪族单羧酸的酯化合物;(2)1,6-己二醇二癸酸酯、甘油三油酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三月桂酸酯、季戊四醇四辛酸酯等脂肪族多元醇与脂肪族单羧酸的酯化合物;(3)壬二酸二油酯、硫代二丙酸二油基酯、硫代二丙酸二异十六烷基酯、硫代二丙酸二异硬脂酯等脂肪族单醇与脂肪族多元羧酸的酯化合物;(4)油酸苄酯、月桂酸苄酯等芳香族单醇与脂肪族单羧酸的酯化合物;(5)双酚A二月桂酸酯、双酚A的环氧烷加成物的二月桂酸酯等芳香族多元醇与脂肪族单羧酸的完全酯化合物;(6)双2-乙基己基邻苯二甲酸酯、二异硬脂基间苯二甲酸酯、偏苯三酸三辛酯等脂肪族单醇与芳香族多元羧酸的完全酯化合物;(7)椰子油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、大豆油、蓖麻油、芝麻油、鱼油和牛油等天然油脂等。此外还可以使用在合成纤维用处理剂中采用的公知的平滑剂等。
作为上述缩合羟基脂肪酸以外的平滑剂的具体例,例如可以举出:25℃的运动粘度为650mm2/s、氨基当量为1800g/mol的氨基改性硅酮;25℃的运动粘度为90mm2/s、氨基当量为5000g/mol的氨基改性硅酮;25℃的运动粘度为4500mm2/s、氨基当量为1200g/mol的氨基改性硅酮;25℃的运动粘度为1700mm2/s、硅酮主链/聚醚侧链=20/80(质量比)、环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷=50/50(摩尔比)的聚醚改性硅酮;双酚A的环氧乙烷2摩尔加成物的二月桂基酯等。
平滑剂优选含有改性硅酮、更优选含有氨基改性硅酮。
平滑剂可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上
另外,作为本实施方式的处理剂中含有的非离子表面活性剂没有特别限制,例如可以举出在醇类或羧酸类上加成环氧烷而成的物质、羧酸类与多元醇的酯化合物、在羧酸类与多元醇的酯化合物上加成环氧烷而成的醚·酯化合物等。
关于作为非离子表面活性剂的原料使用的醇类的具体例,例如可以举出:(1)甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、己醇、辛醇、壬醇、癸醇、十一烷醇、十二烷醇、三癸醇、十四烷醇、十五烷醇、六癸醇、十七烷醇、十八烷醇、十九烷醇、二十烷醇、二十一烷醇、二十二烷醇、二十三烷醇、二十四烷基醇、二十五烷醇、二十六烷醇、二十七烷醇、二十八烷醇、二十九烷醇、三十烷醇等直链烷基醇;(2)异丙醇、异丁醇、异己醇、2-乙基己醇、异壬醇、异癸醇、异十二烷醇、异十三醇、异十四烷醇、异三十烷醇、异十六烷醇、异十七烷醇、异十八烷醇、异十九烷醇、异二十烷醇、异二十一烷醇、异二十二烷醇、异二十三烷醇、异二十四烷醇、异二十五烷醇、异二十六烷醇、异二十七烷醇、异二十八烷醇、异二十九烷醇、异十五烷醇等支链烷基醇;(3)十四碳烯醇、十六碳烯醇、十七碳烯醇、十八碳烯醇、十九碳烯醇等直链烯基醇;(4)异十六碳烯醇、异十八碳烯醇等支链烯基醇;(5)环戊醇、环己醇等环状烷基醇;(6)苯酚、壬基苯酚、苯甲醇、单苯乙烯化苯酚、二苯乙烯化苯酚、三苯乙烯化苯酚等芳香族系醇等。
关于作为非离子表面活性剂的原料使用的羧酸类的具体例,例如可以举出:(1)辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十一烷酸、十二烷酸、十三烷酸、十四烷酸、十五烷酸、十六烷酸、十七烷酸、十八烷酸、十九烷酸、二十烷酸、二十一烷酸、二十二烷酸等直链烷基羧酸;(2)2-乙基己酸、异十二烷酸、异十三烷酸、异十四烷酸、异十六烷酸、异十八烷酸等支链烷基羧酸;(3)十八碳烯酸、十八碳二烯酸、十八碳三烯酸等直链烯基羧酸;(4)苯甲酸等芳香族系羧酸等。
关于作为非离子表面活性剂的原料使用的环氧烷的具体例,例如可以举出环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷等。环氧烷的加成摩尔数可适宜地设定,优选为0.1~60摩尔、更优选为1~40摩尔、进一步优选为2~30摩尔。需要说明的是,环氧烷的加成摩尔数表示相对有投入原料中的醇类或羧酸类1摩尔的环氧烷的摩尔数。
关于作为非离子表面活性剂的原料使用的多元醇的具体例,例如可以举出乙二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2-甲基-1,2-丙二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2,5-己二醇、2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、2,3-二甲基-2,3-丁二醇、甘油、2-甲基-2-羟基甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-乙基-2-羟基甲基-1,3-丙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、山梨糖醇酐、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇等。
作为非离子表面活性剂的具体例,例如可以举出十二烷醇的环氧乙烷10摩尔加成物、十四烷醇的环氧乙烷8摩尔加成物等。
非离子表面活性剂可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上
对上述含有缩合羟基脂肪酸的平滑剂、以及非离子表面活性剂的含量没有限制。将平滑剂以及非离子表面活性剂的合计含有比例设为100质量%时,缩合羟基脂肪酸的含有比例优选为0.1~15质量%、更优选为0.3~13质量%。
本实施方式的处理剂优选进一步含有离子性化合物。通过含有离子性化合物,能够进一步提高合成纤维的集束性。
此处,离子性化合物是指具有离子结合性的化合物。作为具有离子结合性的化合物,例如可以举出磺酸酯盐、硫酸盐、磷酸酯盐、脂肪酸盐、铵盐、鏻盐、咪唑啉化合物等。
离子性化合物可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上
对上述平滑剂、非离子表面活性剂以及离子性化合物的含量没有限制。将处理剂中的平滑剂、非离子表面活性剂以及离子性化合物的合计含有比例设为100质量%时,缩合羟基脂肪酸的含有比例优选为0.1~15质量%、更优选为0.3~13质量%。
(第2实施方式)
对于将本发明的合成纤维具体化的第2实施方式进行说明。本实施方式的合成纤维上附着有第1实施方式的处理剂。作为合成纤维的具体例没有特别限制,例如可以举出:(1)聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚乳酸酯等聚酯系纤维;(2)尼龙6、尼龙66等聚酰胺系纤维;(3)聚丙烯酸、改性丙烯酸等聚丙烯酸系纤维;(4)聚乙烯、聚丙烯等聚烯烃系纤维;(5)纤维素系纤维;(6)木质素系纤维等。
合成纤维优选为疏水性的合成纤维。通过为疏水性的合成纤维,在附着处理剂时,能够使纤维表面适当地改性而被赋予亲水性。作为疏水性的合成纤维,例如可以举出上述(1)~(4)、(6)的合成纤维。
作为合成纤维,优选通过经历后述的碳化处理工序而制成碳纤维的树脂制造的碳纤维前体。作为构成碳纤维前体的树脂没有特别限定,例如可以举出丙烯酸类树脂、聚乙烯树脂、酚树脂、纤维素树脂、木质素树脂、沥青等。
对于使第1实施方式的处理剂附着于合成纤维的量没有特别限制,优选按照处理剂(不含溶剂)相对于合成纤维为0.1~2质量%的方式进行附着,更优选按照为0.3~1.2质量%的方式进行附着。
作为使第1实施方式的处理剂附着于纤维时的处理剂的形态,例如可以举出有机溶剂溶液、水性液等。
作为使处理剂附着于合成纤维的方法,例如可应用下述方法:使用含有第1实施方式的处理剂以及水的水性液或进一步稀释而成的水溶液,通过公知的方法、例如浸渍法、喷雾法、辊法、使用计量泵的导纱器给油法等使其附着。
对使用本发明的处理剂、以及附着有该处理剂的合成纤维的碳纤维的制造方法进行说明。
碳纤维的制造方法优选经历下述工序1~3。
工序1:对合成纤维进行纺丝、并且使第1实施方式的处理剂附着的纺丝工序。
工序2:将上述工序1中得到的合成纤维在200~300℃、优选230~270℃的氧化性气氛中转换成耐火纤维的耐火处理工序。
工序3:使上述工序2中得到的耐火纤维进一步在300~2000℃、优选300~1300℃的惰性气氛中进行碳化的碳化处理工序。
纺丝工序优选进一步具有将树脂溶解于溶剂中并进行纺丝的湿式纺丝工序、将湿式纺丝得到的合成纤维干燥而使其致密化的干燥致密化工序、以及将干燥致密化的合成纤维进行拉伸的拉伸工序。
干燥致密化工序的温度没有特别限定,优选将经历了湿式纺丝工序的合成纤维在例如70~200℃进行加热。使处理剂附着于合成纤维的时机没有特别限定,优选为湿式纺丝工序与干燥致密化工序之间。
耐火处理工序中的氧化性气氛没有特别限定,例如可以采用空气气氛。
碳化处理工序中的惰性气氛没有特别限定,例如可以采用氮气气氛、氩气气氛、真空气氛等。
根据本实施方式的处理剂以及合成纤维,能够得到以下的效果。
(1)本实施方式的处理剂含有平滑剂和非离子表面活性剂。平滑剂含有由在分子中具有羟基和羧基的羟基脂肪酸缩合形成的缩合羟基脂肪酸。因此,能够适当地提高合成纤维的集束性。
(2)根据本实施方式的处理剂,对合成纤维的润湿性提高。因此,能够使处理剂更均匀地附着于合成纤维。
(3)在湿式纺丝工序与干燥致密化工序之间,使处理剂附着于合成纤维。因此,在纺丝工序中,特别能够提高经历了干燥致密化工序的合成纤维的集束性。
上述实施方式可以如下变更来实施。上述实施方式以及下述变更例能够在技术上不矛盾的范围内相互组合来实施。
·本实施方式中,在湿式纺丝工序与干燥致密化工序之间,使处理剂附着于合成纤维,但并不限定于该方式。可以在干燥致密化工序与拉伸工序之间使处理剂附着于合成纤维,也可以在拉伸工序与耐火处理工序之间使处理剂附着于合成纤维。
·本实施方式中,合成纤维用处理剂含有缩合羟基脂肪酸以外的平滑剂,但并不限定于该方式。也可以省略缩合羟基脂肪酸以外的平滑剂。
·本实施方式中,例如合成纤维也可以为尽管进行了耐火处理工序但并未进行至碳化处理工序的纤维。另外,也可以为未进行耐火处理工序和碳化处理工序这两工序的纤维。
·本实施方式的处理剂或水性液中,在无损于本发明的效果的范围内,可以进一步混配用于保持处理剂或水性液的品质的稳定化剂、电荷控制剂、抗静电剂、增粘剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂等通常在处理剂或水性液中使用的成分。
实施例
下文中,为了更具体地说明本发明的构成和效果而举出实施例等,但本发明并不限定于这些实施例。需要说明的是,以下的实施例和比较例的说明中,%是指质量%。
试验分组1(合成纤维用处理剂的制备)
(实施例1)
使用表1所示的各成分,按照成为缩合羟基脂肪酸(A-1)为5%、缩合羟基脂肪酸以外的平滑剂(B-1)为78%、非离子表面活性剂(C-1)为15%、离子性化合物(D-1)为2%的混配比例的方式加入到烧杯中。将它们搅拌进行充分混合。在持续搅拌下缓慢地添加离子交换水以使固体成分浓度达到25%,由此制备实施例1的合成纤维用处理剂的25%水性液。
(实施例2~20和比较例1~4)
关于实施例2~20和比较例1~4的各合成纤维用处理剂,使用表1所示的各成分,利用与实施例1相同的方法进行制备。
需要说明的是,各例的处理剂中的缩合羟基脂肪酸的种类和含量、缩合羟基脂肪酸以外的平滑剂的种类和含量、非离子表面活性剂的种类和含量、以及离子性化合物的种类和含量分别示于表1的“缩合羟基脂肪酸”栏、“缩合羟基脂肪酸以外的平滑剂”栏、以及“非离子表面活性剂”栏、以及“离子性化合物”栏中。
[表1]
表1的记号栏中记载的A-1~A-5、ra-1~ra-3、B-1~B-5、C-1、C-2、D-1~D-3的各成分的详细内容如下所述。
(缩合羟基脂肪酸)
A-1:12-羟基硬脂酸六聚体缩合物
A-2:蓖麻油脂肪酸四~五聚体缩合物
A-3:蓖麻油脂肪酸六聚体缩合物
A-4:蓖麻油脂肪酸二聚体缩合物
A-5:12-羟基十二烷酸五聚体缩合物
ra-1:12-羟基硬脂酸
ra-2:蓖麻油脂肪酸
ra-3:异硬脂酸
(缩合羟基脂肪酸以外的平滑剂)
B-1:25℃的运动粘度为650mm2/s、氨基当量为1800g/mol的氨基改性硅酮
B-2:25℃的运动粘度为90mm2/s、氨基当量为5000g/mol的氨基改性硅酮B-3:25℃的运动粘度为4500mm2/s、氨基当量为1200g/mol的氨基改性硅酮
B-4:25℃的运动粘度为1700mm2/s、硅酮主链/聚醚侧链=20/80(质量比)、环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷=50/50(摩尔比)的聚醚改性硅酮
B-5:双酚A的环氧乙烷2摩尔加成物的二月桂酯
(非离子表面活性剂)
C-1:十二烷醇的环氧乙烷10摩尔加成物
C-2:十四烷醇的环氧乙烷8摩尔加成物
(离子性化合物)
D-1:1-乙基-2-(十七碳烯基)-4,5-二氢-3-(2-羟基乙基)-1H-咪唑啉鎓的乙基硫酸盐
D-2:二辛基磺基琥珀酸的钠盐
D-3:十二烷基苯磺酸的四丁基鏻盐
试验分组2(合成纤维以及碳纤维的制造)
使用试验分组1中制备的合成纤维用处理剂,制造合成纤维以及碳纤维。
首先,作为工序1,将丙烯酸类树脂进行湿式纺丝。具体地说,将由丙烯腈95质量%、丙烯酸甲酯3.5质量%、甲基丙烯酸1.5质量%构成且特性粘度为1.80的共聚物溶解于二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)中,制作聚合物浓度为21.0质量%、60℃的粘度为500泊的纺丝原液。将纺丝原液在保持于纺浴温度35℃的DMAC的70质量%水溶液的凝固浴中利用孔径(内径)0.075mm、孔数12,000的喷丝头以牵伸比0.8排出。
将凝固丝在水洗槽中脱溶剂并同时拉伸至5倍,制作水溶胀状态的丙烯酸纤维线料(原料纤维)。对于该丙烯酸纤维线料,按照固体成分附着量为1质量%(不含溶剂)的方式进行试验分组1中制备的合成纤维用处理剂的给油。合成纤维用处理剂的给油通过使用合成纤维用处理剂的4%离子交换水溶液的浸渍法来实施。其后,对于丙烯酸纤维线料利用130℃的加热辊进行干燥致密化处理,进而在170℃的加热辊间实施1.7倍的拉伸,之后使用卷绕装置卷绕在丝管上。
接着,作为工序2,将丝从卷绕后的合成纤维解舒,在空气气氛下利用具有230~270℃的温度梯度的耐火炉进行1小时耐火处理,之后卷绕在丝管上,由此得到耐火丝(耐火纤维)。
接着,作为工序3,将丝从卷绕的耐火丝解舒,在氮气气氛下利用具有300~1300℃的温度梯度的碳化炉进行烧制,转换成碳纤维,之后卷绕在丝管上,由此得到碳纤维。
试验分组3(评价)
对与实施例1~20和比较例1~4的处理剂,对合成纤维的集束性以及润湿性进行评价。各试验的过程如下所示。
(纺丝集束性)
在试验分组2的工序1中,目视确认进行了合成纤维用处理剂的给油的丙烯酸纤维线料通过加热辊时的集束状态,按下述基准进行集束性的评价。将其结果示于表1的“纺丝集束性”栏中。
·合成纤维的集束性的评价基准
◎(良好):集束性良好,在加热辊上也没有缠绕,操作性完全没有问题的情况
〇(合格):丝可能稍微松散,但无断纱,操作性没有问题的情况
×(不良):丝的松散多,频繁发生断纱,对操作性有影响的情况
(润湿性)
制作合成纤维用处理剂的有效成分4%离子交换水溶液(以离子交换水以外作为有效成分),将其0.1g滴加在丙烯酸板上后,测定1分钟后的最大直径(mm),按下述基准进行评价。将其结果示于表1的“润湿性”栏中。
·润湿性的评价基准
◎(良好):最大直径为12mm以上
○(合格):最大直径为10mm以上且小于12mm
×(不良):最大直径小于10mm
由表1的结果可知,根据本发明能够适当地提高合成纤维的集束性。另外,本发明的合成纤维用处理剂对合成纤维的润湿性提高。
Claims (9)
1.一种合成纤维用处理剂,其是含有平滑剂和非离子表面活性剂的合成纤维用处理剂,其特征在于,所述平滑剂含有由在分子中具有羟基和羧基的羟基脂肪酸缩合形成的缩合羟基脂肪酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成纤维用处理剂,其中,所述缩合羟基脂肪酸由选自蓖麻油脂肪酸、氢化蓖麻油脂肪酸、蓖麻酸和12-羟基硬脂酸中的至少一者缩合形成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的合成纤维用处理剂,其中,所述缩合羟基脂肪酸的缩合度为2~10。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的合成纤维用处理剂,其中,所述平滑剂进一步包含氨基改性硅酮。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的合成纤维用处理剂,其中,将所述平滑剂和所述非离子表面活性剂的合计含有比例设为100质量%时,所述缩合羟基脂肪酸的含有比例为0.1质量%~15质量%。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的合成纤维用处理剂,其中,该处理剂进一步含有离子性化合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的合成纤维用处理剂,其中,将所述平滑剂、所述非离子表面活性剂和离子性化合物的合计含有比例设为100质量%时,所述缩合羟基脂肪酸的含有比例为0.1质量%~15质量%。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的合成纤维用处理剂,其中,所述合成纤维为碳纤维前体。
9.一种合成纤维,其特征在于,该合成纤维附着有权利要求1~7中任一项所述的合成纤维用处理剂。
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