CN116120203A - 一种以芋属植物为原料制备神经酰胺的方法 - Google Patents
一种以芋属植物为原料制备神经酰胺的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116120203A CN116120203A CN202211671624.7A CN202211671624A CN116120203A CN 116120203 A CN116120203 A CN 116120203A CN 202211671624 A CN202211671624 A CN 202211671624A CN 116120203 A CN116120203 A CN 116120203A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以芋属植物为原料制备神经酰胺的方法,以芋属植物的各部位或其加工剩余物为原料,经过预处理和生物转化,得到的物料或提取液经富集、萃取或吸附、纯化、精制、分离,得到神经酰胺。本发明开发了用生物转化法同步脱毒和提取魔芋和其他芋属植物(如荔浦芋、普芋等更安全的材料)中存在神经酰胺,我国芋属植物资源丰富,生物量大。本发明提供的以芋属植物全株为原料分离提取神经酰胺的方法,增加了芋属植物资源的开发利用途径和经济效益,也拓展了神经酰胺的新原料来源,为阿尔兹海默症的防治提供新的食疗材料和药物原料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及天然产物提取技术,特别涉及一种以芋属植物为原料制备神经酰胺的方法。
背景技术
神经酰胺类物质是由长链鞘氨醇与脂肪酸通过酰胺键共价结合而形成的一类具有相似结构的物质。分子结构中脂肪酸和鞘氨醇的碳链长度、羟基数目及不饱和度都不是固定的。其中,碳链中含有羟基的脂肪酸称为羟基脂肪酸(Hydroxy fatty acid,HFA),不含羟基的脂肪酸称为非羟基脂肪酸(Nonhydroxy fattyacid,NHFA)。鞘氨醇也有三种不同的结构,分别是饱和的鞘氨醇(二氢神经酰胺鞘氨醇,Sphinganine)、含有不饱和双键的鞘氨醇(神经鞘氨醇,Sphingosine)和含有三个羟基的鞘氨醇(植物鞘氨醇,Phytosphingosine),按羟基的数量与饱和度的不同可将神经酰胺类物质分为Ceramide(1)-Ceramide(V)五种(丁亚平.魔芋中活性成分的联产分离工艺研究[D].武汉理工大学,2013.),结构如下。
神经酰胺的主要基本结构
神经酰胺是细胞膜的重要组成部分,此类物质最早从动物磷脂鞘中分离得到,广泛存在于动植物以及真菌中。研究表明,神经酰胺可从高等植物魔芋中分离得到(周秀秀.魔芋中化学成分的分离与分析[D].武汉理工大学,2018)。植物神经酰胺是近年新兴的一种活性成分,具有屏障、保湿、持水等作用,能显著增强护肤霜的保湿功能(罗春红,郑泽苗,王兴林,刘少勇.超临界萃取魔芋神经酰胺及其保湿功效评价[J].香料香精化妆品,2016(03):56-58+66)。神经酰胺类物质还具有抗肿瘤、免疫促进等生理活性,被广泛地应用于医药、食品和化妆品等领域,具有广泛的市场价值。1884年德国医生Thudichunm在人脑中发现了神经鞘脂质物质,1906年Winterstein发现了小麦中存在半乳糖神经酰胺,2002年MukaiK发现了魔芋中存在神经酰胺类物质,并将可食用的神经酰胺提取出来(李海池,葛发欢.植物神经酰胺的研究进展[J].中药材,2013,36(11):1880-1884)。
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)是一种神经系统退行性疾病,患者会出现记忆力减退、语言障碍、反应迟钝、精神行为异常等现象,是引发老年人群认知障碍的最常见疾病,给患者家庭、医疗服务和社会公共福利都造成了巨大的压力。其病理特征是β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)和过度磷酸化的Tau蛋白在整个大脑中的积累,以及神经元功能障碍及突触数量减少。研究发现,植物神经酰胺能够通过促进神经元培养中细胞外囊泡依赖的淀粉样蛋白-β蛋白(Aβ)清除来阻止Aβ的积累,进而改善认知功能。这为植物神经酰胺在AD中的保护作用提供了证据(Yuyama K,Takahashi K,Usuki S,et al.Plant sphingolipidspromote extracellular vesicle release and alleviate amyloid-β pathologies ina mouse model of Alzheimer′s disease[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9(1):16827)。此外,神经酰胺可以通过促进Aβ沉积、损害线粒体功能、加重炎症反应等机制发挥神经毒性作用,从而参与AD等神经退行性疾病的发生发展(金泳增,何玲.靶向神经酰胺生成途径的阿尔茨海默病治疗药物研究进展[J].药学研究,2021,40(12):821-824)。因此,植物神经酰胺可作为改善AD病理的功能性食品材料。
芋属植物是天南星科中最重要的类群,据文献记载,全世界有约10种,中国为8种。芋属植物主要分布于亚洲热带及亚热带地区,国产种类均自然分布于云南及邻近地区,而以滇西地区最为集中。2005年,中国科学院昆明植物所的科研人员通过形态学和经典分类学、细胞学、分子生物学等方面的研究工作,订正了世界的芋属植物种类,共计有13个种和2个变种,其中我国有11个种和2个变种,也是世界上搜集和保存芋属植物种质资源数量最多、种类最全的国家。(芋属植物的种质资源研究获新进展[J].长江蔬菜,2005(04):47)。
最新英文版《中国植物志》将芋属植物最终修订为有20种,中国有6种,分别是勐腊芋(Colocasia menglaensis)、大野芋(Colocasia gigantea(Blume)Hook.f.)、芋(Colocasia esculenta(L).Schott)、滇南芋(Colocasia antiquorum)、卷苞芋(Colocasiaaffinis)和假芋(Colocasia fallax)(吴薇,常庆涛,王安.中国芋种质资源研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2021,49(14):4-7)。全球有4000万人以芋为主要食用植物,是构成热带石灰岩季雨林植物区系的组成之一,具有重要的科学意义。
陈育如课题组对天南星科的典型植物进行了系列研究,包括对大野芋中牡荆素和荭草素的研究(陈育如,刘超,王鸿飞等,一种以芋属植物制备牡荆素和荭草素的方法.CN113429400A);对海芋中夏佛塔苷和吲哚生物碱的研究(陈育如,刘超,王鸿飞等.一种以海芋为原料提取夏佛塔苷和吲哚生物碱的方法.CN113416184A);对魔芋中异夏佛塔苷和牡荆素提取的研究(陈育如,刘超,王鸿飞等.一种从魔芋中制备异夏佛塔苷和牡荆素的方法.CN202110829023.3)。
神经酰胺目前主要在米糠中提取,但由于在这些植物中的含量较低,因此提取困难,提取成本较高(Haughey N J,Cutler R G,Tamara A,et al.Perturbation ofsphingolipid metabolism and ceramide production in HIV-dementia.[J].Annals ofNeurology,2014,55(2))。研究表明,魔芋中神经酰胺的含量高达1.5%~5.0%,是传统神经酰胺生产原料(小麦、米糠、海葵)的数十倍之多(崔韶晖,马堃,赵轶男,等.小麦粉中神经酰胺类物质的提取及结构分析[J].食品工业科技,2011,32(2):79-84.)。魏静等采用超声波法对提取魔芋飞粉中神经酰胺进行了初步的探索,分析了温度、时间、料液比和提取溶剂对神经酰胺粗提物提取率的影响,确定了神经酰胺粗提物最佳提取工艺为温度60℃、时间35min、料液比1∶4、提取溶剂为体积分数95%的乙醇,神经酰胺粗提物的最高提取率可达2.89%。为神经酰胺的开发利用提供了一种思路(魏静,钟耕,屈浩亮.超声波法提取魔芋飞粉中神经酰胺的初步研究[J].食品科技,2008,(01):146-150)。周浩采用乙醇回流提取魔芋中的神经酰胺,利用HPLC结合ELSD的方法对四种魔芋神经酰胺粗提物中的神经酰胺进行了分析及含量测定,结果发现不同魔芋中神经酰胺的含量与其种类有较大关系(周浩.魔芋神经酰胺制备技术研究[D].湖南农业大学,2013)。罗春红等用超临界萃取法提取魔芋中神经酰胺,设计正交实验优化工艺条件,神经酰胺的收率为1.24%,该方法操作简便,分离效果好(罗春红,郑泽苗,王兴林,刘少勇.超临界萃取魔芋神经酰胺及其保湿功效评价[J].香料香精化妆品,2016(03):56-58+66)。但因魔芋中含生物碱等一定的毒性成份,增加了神经酰胺提取物的分离成本,需脱毒处理,邹庭等人通过乙醇浸提法可清除鲜魔芋中93%的生物碱成分,达到较良好的脱毒效果(邹庭,黄基伟,张志健.鲜魔芋脱毒技术[J].食品工业,2019,40(09):188-192.)。本课题组研发了利用生物转化的方法从天南星科魔芋属植物中转化脱毒增效制备神经酰胺并利用提取剩余物的方法(陈育如,刘超等.一种生物转化魔芋制备高产量神经酰胺和功能成份的方法.2022)。
荔浦芋属天南星科,又叫魁芋、槟榔芋。原为野生芋,是经过野生芋长期的自然选择和人工选育而形成的优良品种。荔浦芋肉质细腻,具有特殊的风味。同时体积大,芋肉白色、肉质松软。荔浦芋营养丰富,含有大量粗蛋白、淀粉以及多种维生素、较高的钙和无机盐等成份,具有健脾、利湿、解毒、消痒等功效,既是制作饮食点心、佳肴的上乘原料,又是滋补身体的营养佳品。此外,荔浦芋还具有生物量大,质量高等优势。但目前,未见对荔浦芋中神经酰胺方面的研究报道。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明目的是提供一种以芋属植物为原料制备神经酰胺的方法。
技术方案:所述利用芋属植物提取神经酰胺提取物的方法,以芋属植物的各部位或其加工剩余物为原料,经过预处理,得到的物料或提取液经富集、萃取、纯化、精制、分离,得到神经酰胺。
以芋属植物的全株作为制备神经酰胺的原料的应用。所述芋属植物品种包括芋(Colocasia esculenta(L).Schott)、紫芋(Colocasia tonoimo Nakai)、野芋(Colocasiaantiquorum Schott)、红头芋(Colocasia kotoensis Hayata)、大野芋(Colocasiagigantea(Blume)Hook.f.)、台芋(Colocasia formosana Hayatya)、红芋(Colocasiakonischii Hayatya)或假芋(Colocasia fallax);所述各部位为块茎、茎叶、鲜叶、干叶以及加工之后的剩余物。这些原料经过预处理后,将得到的提取液经萃取、富集、纯化、精制等步骤,得到神经酰胺。
所述的原料为芋属植株的块茎、茎、叶、提取多糖、生物碱等加工前原料或加工后的剩余物或者生产魔芋精粉过程中产生的飞粉等材料,加工处理前或加工处理后可依需要进行生物前处理或生物脱毒处理。
在进行预处理、前处理和脱毒处理时,可以采用微生物发酵或者酶曲或混合酶进行处理;所用的微生物可以是真菌、细菌或放线菌,所用的酶可以是纯酶、酶曲或混合酶;处理使用的微生物可以是黑曲霉、冠突散囊菌、谢瓦氏曲霉、木霉、曲霉、肠膜明串珠菌、罗依氏乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌,所用的酶可以是纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶等。
提取溶剂可以是乙醇、丙酮、甲醇、石油醚、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯等的单组分或两种及多种不同比例的混合溶剂。所用提取方法可以是直接提取法、回流提取法、索式提取法、微波辅助提取法、超声波辅助提取法等。得到的神经酰胺提取物可以用石油醚、乙酸乙酯或混合溶剂进行萃取纯化,浓缩合并后的液体并回收溶剂。可通过硅胶柱层析纯化、大孔树脂纯化、聚酰胺树脂纯化、液相色谱制备或高效逆流色谱等途径进行纯化精制,得到神经酰胺成品。纯化方法可以是萃取、硅胶柱层析、大孔树脂吸附、聚酰胺树脂吸附、制备型液相色谱制备或高速逆流色谱等;所用分离材料可以是离子交换树脂、大孔树脂,如D101、AB-8、DA201D、LSA-20、LSD-280、XDA-8D、HPD-500、LSA-10、XAD-1或聚酰胺中的一种或几种的组合。
将神经酰胺对照品,荔浦芋块茎提取物、大野芋叶提取物、普芋块茎提取物等进行分析,得到图1至图4,通过和标准对照品对比,发现提取物和神经酰胺标准对照品的HPLC-MS谱图一致,均在m/z=397.5处得到一个母离子碎片,分析模式为[M+1]+,此处的物质分子量为397,即二羟基神经酰胺。我们的研究发现,芋属植物的全株中含神经酰胺。
神经酰胺因其具有屏障、保湿、补水以及抗肿瘤、免疫促进等作用,在医疗卫生、食品保健等方面具有广阔的市场前景。目前,对于神经酰胺原料提取主要集中在米糠、米胚芽、麸皮和魔芋中,未见其在芋属植物中工业提取的报道。
因为芋属植物的利用多限于块茎,其他部位成为废弃物,本发明发现芋属植物全株均含神经酰胺物质,可使芋属植物的全株得到利用。
本发明将各种芋属植物全株经预处理、前处理和脱毒处理后,利用HPLC-MS技术对分离纯化的产物进行分析、定量和结构鉴定,部分结果见图1至图4所示,确定该产物为神经酰胺后,对芋属植物中的神经酰胺进行了提取、分离,提取剩余物进一步加工为食品或其他用途,使芋属植物的全料资源得到100%利用,既增加了芋属植物资源的开发利用途径和经济效益,又拓展了神经酰胺的新原料来源,为食品、保健品、药品特别是阿尔兹海默症的防治提供新的食疗材料和药物原料。
有益效果:办发明与现有技术相比,具有如下优势
本发明在提取分离和鉴定芋属植物中富含神经酰胺的基础上,提供了以芋属植物全株为原料,经粉碎和生物转化脱毒处理后,分离提取神经酰胺的方法,既增加芋资源开发的利用途径和经济效益,又可拓展神经酰胺的新原料来源,用于食疗、药物和化妆品原料。
附图说明
图1神经酰胺标品的正离子MS谱图;
图2南京大野芋叶神经酰胺的正离子MS谱图;
图3荔浦芋块茎神经酰胺的正离子MS谱图;
图4普芋块茎神经酰胺的正离子MS谱图;
图5神经酰胺标品HPLC图;
图6普芋块茎神经酰胺HPLC图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
普芋原料(叶)100kg粉碎过筛,经过前处理后,按固液比1∶4(w/w)加入体积浓度90%的乙醇溶液,60℃超声辅助提取35min过滤,加入石油醚萃取,取石油醚层旋转蒸发回收石油醚,得到神经酰胺粗产品。经过硅胶柱层析,乙酸乙酯∶石油醚(60∶40)洗脱,收集洗脱液,洗脱液浓缩后进行冷冻干燥,得到神经酰胺粗提物196.8g,溶于丙酮溶液放置4℃冰箱24h重结晶,抽滤,干燥,重复三次重结晶,得到纯度97.62%的神经酰胺93.17g。
实施例2
野芋原料(叶)100kg粉碎过筛,按固液比1∶4(w/w)加入体积浓度70%的乙醇溶液,60℃超声辅助提取40min过滤,经过黑曲霉发酵处理后,离心、过滤、脱色、浓缩,加入石油醚萃取,取石油醚层旋转蒸发回收石油醚,得到神经酰胺粗产品。经过聚酰胺树脂纯化,乙酸乙酯∶石油醚(60∶40)洗脱,收集洗脱液,洗脱液浓缩后进行冷冻干燥,得到神经酰胺粗提物122.3g,溶于丙酮溶液放置4℃冰箱24h重结晶,抽滤,干燥,重复三次重结晶,得到纯度96.54%的神经酰胺58.67g。
实施例3
假芋原料(块茎)3000g粉碎过筛,按固液比1∶5(w/w)加入体积浓度60%的乙醇溶液,加热回流提取60min过滤,经过木霉发酵处理后,离心、过滤、脱色、浓缩,加入乙酸乙酯萃取,取乙酸乙酯层旋转蒸发回收乙酸乙酯,得到神经酰胺粗产品。经过聚酰胺树脂纯化,丙酮∶石油醚(60∶40)洗脱,收集洗脱液,洗脱液浓缩后进行冷冻干燥,得到神经酰胺粗提物4.22g,溶于丙酮溶液放置4℃冰箱24h重结晶,抽滤,干燥,重复三次重结晶,得到纯度96.27%的神经酰胺2.08g。
实施例4
紫芋原料(块茎)3000g粉碎过筛,按固液比1∶4(w/w)加入体积浓度70%的乙醇溶液,索式回流提取,经过肠膜明串珠菌发酵处理后,离心、过滤、脱色、浓缩,加入石油醚萃取,取石油醚层旋转蒸发回收石油醚,得到神经酰胺粗产品。用大孔树脂HPD-500色谱柱纯化,先用去离子水洗去杂质,再用70%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,洗脱液浓缩后进行冷冻干燥,得到神经酰胺粗提物3.25g,溶于丙酮溶液放置4℃冰箱24h重结晶,抽滤,干燥,重复三次重结晶,得到纯度94.18%的神经酰胺1.46g。
实施例5
台芋原料(块茎)2000g粉碎过筛,按固液比1∶5(w/w)加入体积浓度60%的乙醇溶液,微波辅助提取60min过滤,经过纤维素酶发酵处理后,离心、过滤、脱色、浓缩,加入石油醚萃取,取石油醚层旋转蒸发回收石油醚,得到神经酰胺粗产品。用大孔树脂XAD-1色谱柱纯化,先用去离子水洗去杂质,再用70%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,洗脱液浓缩后进行冷冻干燥,得到神经酰胺粗提物1.63g,溶于丙酮溶液放置4℃冰箱24h重结晶,抽滤,干燥,重复三次重结晶,得到纯度95.93%的神经酰胺0.73g。
实施例6
大野芋原料(茎)100kg粉碎过筛,按固液比1∶4(w/w)加入体积浓度70%的甲醇溶液,60℃超声辅助提取30min过滤,加入石油醚萃取,取石油醚层旋转蒸发回收石油醚,得到神经酰胺粗产品。经过硅胶柱层析,乙酸乙酯∶石油醚(40∶60)洗脱,收集洗脱液,洗脱液浓缩后进行冷冻干燥,得到神经酰胺粗提物83.43g,溶于丙酮溶液放置4℃冰箱24h重结晶,抽滤,干燥,重复三次重结晶,得到纯度94.26%的神经酰胺36.57g。
实施例7
大野芋叶100kg粉碎过筛,按固液比1∶4(w/w)加入体积浓度60%的甲醇溶液,60℃超声辅助提取35min过滤,加入石油醚萃取,取石油醚层旋转蒸发回收石油醚,得到神经酰胺粗产品。经过聚酰胺柱层析,再用70%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,洗脱液经浓缩干燥后,得到神经酰胺粗提物72.39g,经过重结晶,得到纯度95.48%的神经酰胺34.27g。
实施例8
红芋原料(叶)2000g粉碎过筛,按固液比1∶5(w/w)加入体积浓度50%的甲醇溶液,60℃提取50min过滤,加入石油醚萃取,取石油醚层旋转蒸发回收石油醚,得到神经酰胺粗产品。提取液经过高效逆流色谱分离纯化,分离得到纯度93.24%的神经酰胺0.77g。
实施例9
红头芋原料(叶)2000g粉碎过筛,按固液比1∶4(w/w)加入体积浓度60%的甲醇溶液,60℃提取40min过滤,经过果胶酶处理后,离心、过滤、脱色、浓缩,加入乙酸乙酯萃取,取乙酸乙酯层旋转蒸发回收乙酸乙酯,得到神经酰胺粗产品。提取液经过高效逆流色谱分离纯化,分离得到纯度92%的神经酰胺0.85g。
实施例10
与实施例1相同,提取方式为加热回流提取60min,提取液经过聚酰胺树脂纯化分离后,通过重结晶纯化得到神经酰胺。
实施例11
与实施例2相同,前处理选择用谢瓦氏曲霉进行发酵处理,采用微博辅助提取100min,分离纯化同实施例2。
实施例12
与实施例3相同,提取溶剂为50%的甲醇溶液,采用索式回流法进行提取,分离纯化同实施例3。
实施例13
与实施例4相同,原料采用鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵处理,其他步骤相同。
实施例14
与实施例5相同,原料采用蛋白酶进行发酵处理,其他步骤相同。
实施例15
与实施例7相同,提取溶剂为丙酮。
实施例16
与实施例8相同,将果胶酶换为纤维素酶和蛋白酶1∶1的混合酶。
实施例17
与实施例4相同,将HPD-500大孔树脂换为DA201D大孔树脂。
实施例17
与实施例1相同,将洗脱剂乙酸乙酯∶石油醚(60∶40)换为丙酮∶石油醚(50∶50)。
实施例18
与实施例2相同,固液比换为1∶5。
实施例19
与实施例6相同,将石油醚萃取换为乙酸乙酯萃取。
实施例20
与实施例3相同,将重结晶溶剂丙酮换为甲醇。
实施例21
与实施例9相同,将原料换为魔芋(Amorphophallus rivieri),果胶酶换为有脱毒作用的黑曲霉。
实施例22
与实施例9相同,将原料换为花魔芋,果胶酶换为有脱毒作用的木霉。
实施例23
与实施例9相同,将原料换为疣柄魔芋,果胶酶换为有脱毒作用的米曲霉。
实施例24
与实施例9相同,将原料换为珠芽魔芋,果胶酶换为有脱毒作用的酵母。
实施例25
与实施例9相同,将原料换为花叶芋(C.bicolor)。
实施例26
与实施例9相同,将原料换为方氏芋(C.fontanesii Schott)。
实施例27
与实施例9相同,将原料换为贡山芋(C.gaoligongensis)。
实施例28
与实施例9相同,将原料换为龚氏芋(C.gongi)。
实施例29
与实施例9相同,将原料换为异色芋(C.heterochroma)。
实施例30
与实施例9相同,将原料换为珍妮芋(C.jeningsii Hook.F)。
实施例31
与实施例9相同,将原料换为李氏香芋(C.lihengiae)。
实施例32
与实施例9相同,将原料换为毛叶芋(C.tomentosa)。
实施例33
与实施例9相同,将原料换为云南芋(Colocasia yunnanensis)。
实施例34
与实施例9相同,将原料换为假芋(Colocasia fallax)。
Claims (10)
1.一种利用芋属植物提取神经酰胺提取物的方法,其特征在于:以芋属植物的各部位或其加工剩余物为原料,经过预处理或生物转化脱毒,得到的物料或提取液经浸提、萃取或吸附、富集分离、纯化精制等工艺,得到神经酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述利用芋属植物提取神经酰胺提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述芋属植物品种包括芋(Colocasia esculenta(L).Schott)、紫芋(Colocasia tonoimoNakai)、野芋(Colocasia antiquorum Schott)、红头芋(Colocasia kotoensis Hayata)、大野芋(Colocasia gigantea(Blume)Hook.f.)、台芋(Colocasia formosana Hayatya)、红芋(Colocasia konischii Hayatya)、假芋(Colocasia fallax)、花叶芋(C.bicolor)、方氏芋(C.fontanesii Schott)、贡山芋(C.gaoligongensis)、龚氏芋(C.gongi)、异色芋(C.heterochroma)、珍妮芋(C.jeningsii Hook.F)、李氏香芋(C.li-hengiae C.L.Long etKM.Liu,var.lihengiae C.L.Long et KM.Liu,var.nigra C.L.Long)、毛叶芋(C.tomentosa)、云南芋(Colocasia yunnanensis C.L.Long et X.Z.Cai.)或魔芋(Amorphophallus rivieri)。
3.根据权利要求1所述利用芋属植物提取神经酰胺提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述芋属植物是荔浦芋。
4.根据权利要求1所述利用芋属植物提取神经酰胺提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述提取溶剂是水、乙醇、丙酮、甲醇、石油醚、乙酸乙酯或乙酸丙酯中的一种或两种的混合物或多种的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述利用芋属植物提取神经酰胺提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述预处理或生物转化是采用粉碎、微生物发酵、酶曲或混合酶进行处理。
6.根据权利要求5所述利用芋属植物提取神经酰胺提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述微生物是真菌、细菌或放线菌,所述酶是纯酶、酶曲或混合酶。
7.根据权利要求5所述利用芋属植物生物转化和脱毒提取产神经酰胺提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述微生物是黑曲霉、冠突散囊菌、谢瓦氏曲霉、木霉、曲霉、肠膜明串珠菌、罗依氏乳杆菌或鼠李糖乳杆菌。
8.根据权利要求5所述利用芋属植物提取神经酰胺提取物的方法,其特征在于:所用的酶处理是纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶中的一种或几种的联合处理。
9.根据权利要求1所述利用芋属植物提取神经酰胺提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述的神经酰胺提取物是由石油醚、乙酸乙酯或乙酸丙酯、或混合溶剂进行萃取纯化,浓缩合并后的液体并回收溶剂。
10.权利要求1所述利用芋属植物提取神经酰胺提取物的方法制备的到的产品在制备化妆品、食品、保健品或抗肿瘤、免疫促进或治疗阿尔兹海默症药物中的应用。
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