CN116098012A - Indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for making green tea - Google Patents

Indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for making green tea Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116098012A
CN116098012A CN202211181707.8A CN202211181707A CN116098012A CN 116098012 A CN116098012 A CN 116098012A CN 202211181707 A CN202211181707 A CN 202211181707A CN 116098012 A CN116098012 A CN 116098012A
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China
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light quantum
cultivation
tea
indoor
harvesting
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王婷婷
李阳
谢辉煌
刘国杰
吴历娇
李绍华
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Fujian Sanan Sino Science Photobiotech Co Ltd
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Fujian Sanan Sino Science Photobiotech Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/04Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of green tea tree cultivation, and discloses an indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for making green tea, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting seedlings and preparing soil (2) in a cultivation period: the light quality formula comprises: the light quantum number of 400-499nm accounts for 11-14% of the total light quantum, the light quantum number of 500-599nm accounts for 20-24% of the total light quantum, the light quantum number of 600-699nm accounts for 56-59% of the total light quantum, and the light quantum number of 700-780nm accounts for 8-11% of the total light quantum; (3) harvesting period: the proportion of the light quantum number of 400-499nm is reduced in the light quality formula, the proportion of the light quantum number of 500-599nm is improved, the proportion of the light quantum number of 600-699nm is reduced, the proportion of the light quantum number of 700-780nm is improved, the tea tree cultivated by the method can be cultivated for many times, and the prepared green tea has higher theanine.

Description

Indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for making green tea
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of green tea tree cultivation, in particular to an indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for making green tea.
Background
The green tea is a micro-powder tea product which is prepared by adopting raw materials of tea leaves prepared by steaming and drying fresh tea leaves cultivated in a covering way and processing the raw materials by a grinding process. The outdoor cultivation of the green tea trees is easily influenced by illumination environment, the prepared green tea has poor taste, the green tea is directly eaten by tea leaves, the brewing modes of other tea types are distinguished, and if the content of theanine is low, the nutritional value of the green tea is greatly influenced. At present, no research on the light environment of indoor green tea cultivation in a plant factory is yet seen at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide an indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for making green tea, which solves the problems of less harvesting times, illegal use of pesticides or low content of the prepared green tea.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for making green tea, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting seedlings and preparing soil: healthy tea tree seedlings are selected, and a cultivation substrate is filled in a cultivation groove;
(2) Cultivation period: in order to promote the germination of tea buds and increase the growth of tea tree crowns, the light quality formula is adopted in the indoor planting period from 20-35 days after the cultivation and field planting of tea seedlings to the harvest: the ratio of the light quantum number of 400-499nm to the total light quantum is 11-14%, the ratio of the light quantum number of peak wavelength 450nm and 500-599nm to the total light quantum is 20-24%, the ratio of the light quantum number of peak wavelength 545nm and 600-699nm to the total light quantum is 56-59%, the ratio of the light quantum number of peak wavelength 680nm and 700-780nm to the total light quantum is 8-11%, and the peak wavelength 730nm;
(3) Harvesting period: tea tree enters adult period, 20-35d before each harvest, in order to keep tea bud head tender, promote bud head growth, increase theanine content, reduce indoor light intensity, shorten photoperiod, adjust light quality formula as follows: the ratio of the light quantum number of 400-499nm to the total light quantum is 5-7%, the ratio of the light quantum number of 450nm,500-599nm to the total light quantum is 30-35%, the ratio of the light quantum number of 545nm,600-699nm to the total light quantum is 42-46%, the ratio of the light quantum number of 700-780nm to the total light quantum is 15-22%, and the ratio of the light quantum number of 730nm; and after harvesting, recovering the light quality formula in the cultivation period until the next harvesting, and harvesting every 3-4 months for 3-4 times a year.
Further, in the cultivation period, the illumination period is 12-14h/d, and the illumination intensity is 200-300 mu mol/square meter s.
Further, the indoor light intensity is reduced to 100-150 mu mol/square meter s before harvesting, and the illumination period is shortened to 8-10h/d.
Further, the ambient temperature in the cultivation period is 23-25 ℃ in the daytime and 18-21 ℃ in the evening.
Further, 20d before each harvest, the ambient temperature is 18-21 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ in the evening.
Further, in the cultivation period, the relative humidity of the cultivation substrate is 80-90%.
Further, the cultivation medium comprises tea garden soil, peat soil with the grain diameter of 0-10mm and vermiculite, wherein the volume ratio of the tea garden soil to the vermiculite is 4:1:1, and adjusting the pH range to 5.0-5.5 after sterilization.
The technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the indoor cultivation is carried out on tea trees by setting a light environment consisting of blue light, green light, red light and far-red light, wherein the green light and the red light account for a larger part, the green light accounts for 30-35%, the green light can be picked for many times, and after the tea trees are picked according to the picking standard, the total amount of theanine is increased by more than 20% compared with the outdoor cultivation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an indoor planting of tea tree according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the technical content, constructional features, achieved objects and effects of the technical solution in detail, the following description is made in connection with the specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
An indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for making green tea comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting seedlings and preparing soil: the local farmers purchase 1 year old healthy tea tree seedlings with consistent growth vigor and no plant diseases and insect pests. Tea garden soil, peat soil with the grain diameter of 0-10mm and vermiculite are mixed according to the volume ratio of 4:1:1, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, regulating the pH range of soil to 5.0-5.5, then placing the substrate in a cultivation groove, keeping the depth of soil layer to 50cm, and watering after spreading to ensure that the humidity of the substrate reaches more than 90%;
(2) Cultivation period: planting in a cultivation groove, wherein the distance between each tea seedling is about 20-30 cm, the whole cultivation process ensures that the daytime environmental temperature of other cultivation periods except the harvesting period is 23-25 ℃, the night is 18-20 ℃, the illumination period is 12-14h/d, the illumination intensity is 200-300 mu mol/square meter s, the relative humidity of a substrate is 80-90%, and the light quality formula is 20-35d before each harvesting in the indoor cultivation period: the light quantum number of 400-499nm accounts for 11-14% of the total light quantum, the light quantum number of 450nm,500-599nm accounts for 20-24% of the total light quantum, the light quantum number of 600-699nm accounts for 56-59% of the total light quantum, the light quantum number of 700-780nm accounts for 8-11% of the total light quantum, the light quantum number of 730nm is the peak wavelength, new branches are promoted in the first 2 years after planting, the crown width of tea trees is increased to be dominant, and tea trees are pruned when the seedling height is 40-50 cm. Culturing in a Matcha room, applying sterilized farmyard manure once in autumn every year, and putting a proper amount of microbial fertilizer into the farmyard manure. And meanwhile, adding a special compound fertilizer for tea trees once every quarter and spraying 1-2 times of foliar fertilizer according to the growth vigor of tea tree leaves for 1 year. The water and fertilizer management of the outdoor cultivation is consistent with that of the traditional cultivation.
(3) Harvesting period: planting for 2-3 years, entering tea tree into adult stage, after each bud head of Matcha germinates, and 25d before harvesting, regulating indoor cultivation light intensity to 100-150 μmol/square meter s, regulating photoperiod to 8-10h/d, regulating temperature from daytime ambient temperature to 23-25deg.C, regulating daytime ambient temperature to 18-21deg.C at night to 16-18deg.C, promoting bud head leaf and tender stem growth, and promoting theanine accumulation by green light. Light quality formula 20-35d before each harvest: the proportion of the light quantum number of 400-499nm to the total light quantum is 5-7%, the proportion of the light quantum number of 500-599nm to the total light quantum is 30-35%, the proportion of the light quantum number of 600-699nm to the total light quantum is 42-46%, the proportion of the light quantum number of 700-780nm to the total light quantum is 15-22%, the proportion of the light quantum number of 730nm, wherein green light can improve theanine content of green tea and far red light can improve tenderness of the green tea bud head. And after harvesting is finished, recovering the cultivation medium to the light environment in the cultivation period until the next harvesting.
Examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 6, different light environments were set at the time of cultivation and harvesting, as shown in Table 1 below
TABLE 1 light Environment of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-6
Figure SMS_1
Figure SMS_2
In comparative example 6, a control group is arranged outdoors, natural light is adopted in the control group, the water and fertilizer management of outdoor cultivation is consistent with that of traditional cultivation, and the shading treatment is carried out by using a black shading net before harvesting, so that the shading rate is about 85%.
Examples 1-4 and control groups 1-6 all picked fresh tea leaves according to the picking standard of green tea (3 leaves per bud to 4 leaves per bud), and uniformly prepared into green tea, ground into green tea powder, finally measured for theanine content in tea leaves according to national standard GB/T34778-2017, and subjected to green tea sensory evaluation according to Zhejiang standard green tea evaluation technical Specification 2020 edition, and test results are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 Matcha theanine detection and sensory evaluation made by examples 1-4 and control groups 1-6
Figure SMS_3
Note that: the evaluation factors comprise a scoring coefficient, 30% of appearance, 20% of soup color, 20% of fragrance and 30% of taste.
As is clear from the results in Table 2, the total amount of theanine in the green tea of examples 1 to 4 is high, the total ash content is low, the green tea is tender, the quality is good, the green tea soup of the examples is bright, the taste is thick and mellow, the seaweed fragrance is obvious, and the score is far higher than that of green tea cultivated outdoors. Indoor cultivation can also promote the germination of tea tree bud heads through the regulation and control of the temperature and humidity light water and fertilizer, accelerate the growth of the bud heads, break the dormancy of tea trees, and realize the harvesting of tea trees for 4 times in 1 year.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising … …" or "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, article or terminal device comprising the element. Further, herein, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," and the like are understood to not include the present number; "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include this number.
While the embodiments have been described above, other variations and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art once the basic inventive concepts are known, and it is therefore intended that the foregoing description and drawings illustrate only embodiments of the invention and not limit the scope of the invention, and it is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the specific embodiments described, but that the invention may be practiced with their equivalent structures or with their equivalent processes or with their use directly or indirectly in other related fields.

Claims (7)

1. An indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for making green tea is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting seedlings and preparing soil: healthy tea tree seedlings are selected, and a cultivation substrate is filled in a cultivation groove;
(2) Cultivation period: 20-35 days after tea tree seedling cultivation and field planting and before harvesting, and the light quality formula during indoor planting: the ratio of the light quantum number of 400-499nm to the total light quantum is 11-14%, the ratio of the light quantum number of peak wavelength 450nm and 500-599nm to the total light quantum is 20-24%, the ratio of the light quantum number of peak wavelength 545nm and 600-699nm to the total light quantum is 56-59%, the ratio of the light quantum number of peak wavelength 680nm and 700-780nm to the total light quantum is 8-11%, and the peak wavelength 730nm;
(3) Harvesting period: 20-35d before each harvest after the tea tree enters the adult period, the indoor light intensity is reduced, the photoperiod is shortened, and the light quality formula is adjusted as follows: the light quantum number of 400-499nm accounts for 5-7% of the total light quantum, the light quantum number of 450nm,500-599nm accounts for 30-35% of the total light quantum, the light quantum number of 600-699nm accounts for 42-46% of the total light quantum, the light quantum number of 700-780nm accounts for 15-22% of the total light quantum, 730nm is the peak wavelength, and after harvesting is finished, the light quality formula in the cultivation period is restored until the next harvesting, harvesting is carried out once every 3-4 months, and harvesting is carried out for 3-4 times in one year.
2. The indoor cultivation method for tea trees suitable for making green tea according to claim 1, wherein the illumination period is 12-14h/d and the illumination intensity is 200-300 μmol/square meter s during the cultivation period.
3. The indoor cultivation method for tea trees suitable for making green tea according to claim 2, wherein the indoor light intensity is reduced to 80-150 μmol/square meter s and the illumination period is shortened to 8-10h/d 20-35d before harvesting.
4. The indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for making green tea according to claim 1, wherein the ambient temperature during the cultivation period is 23-25 ℃ in daytime and 18-21 ℃ in evening.
5. The indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for green tea production according to claim 4, wherein the ambient temperature is 18-21 ℃ in daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night 20-35d before each harvesting.
6. The indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for green tea production as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relative humidity of the cultivation substrate is 80-90% during the cultivation period.
7. The indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for making green tea according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation substrate comprises tea garden soil, peat soil with the particle size of 0-10mm and vermiculite, and the volume ratio of the tea garden soil to the vermiculite is 4:1:1, and adjusting the pH range to 5.0-5.5 after sterilization.
CN202211181707.8A 2022-09-27 2022-09-27 Indoor tea tree cultivation method suitable for making green tea Pending CN116098012A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101317517A (en) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-10 福建农林大学 Tree plant cultivation method for improving theanine content of tea
CN105432268A (en) * 2014-09-02 2016-03-30 贵州茶间道农业发展有限公司 Light control method for tea leaf cultivation
WO2016199482A1 (en) * 2015-06-12 2016-12-15 シャープ株式会社 Cultivation method, tea leaves and cultivation device
CN106973787A (en) * 2017-03-03 2017-07-25 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 A kind of artificial light environment cultural method of arabidopsis
CN115024144A (en) * 2022-05-16 2022-09-09 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea tree cultivation method for improving theanine content of tea leaves

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101317517A (en) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-10 福建农林大学 Tree plant cultivation method for improving theanine content of tea
CN105432268A (en) * 2014-09-02 2016-03-30 贵州茶间道农业发展有限公司 Light control method for tea leaf cultivation
WO2016199482A1 (en) * 2015-06-12 2016-12-15 シャープ株式会社 Cultivation method, tea leaves and cultivation device
CN106973787A (en) * 2017-03-03 2017-07-25 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 A kind of artificial light environment cultural method of arabidopsis
CN115024144A (en) * 2022-05-16 2022-09-09 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea tree cultivation method for improving theanine content of tea leaves

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