CN116082366A - 用于防除动物害虫的嘧啶鎓化合物及其混合物 - Google Patents
用于防除动物害虫的嘧啶鎓化合物及其混合物 Download PDFInfo
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- LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vamidothion Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)SCCSP(=O)(OC)OC LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
- C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups —CO—N< and, both being directly attached by their carbon atoms to the same carbon skeleton, e.g. H2N—NH—CO—C6H4—COOCH3; Thio-analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/34—Nitriles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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Abstract
Description
本申请是申请号为201880021906.8、申请日为2018年3月26日、发明名称为“用于防除动物害虫的嘧啶鎓化合物及其混合物”的专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及用于防除无脊椎动物害虫的杀虫嘧啶化合物和/或包含该类化合物的组合物。本发明进一步涉及这些化合物与具有协同增强作用的其他活性成分的混合物。本发明还涉及本发明所述嘧啶化合物及其立体异构体、盐、互变异构体和N-氧化物以及它们的混合物和包含它们的组合物的杀害虫方法、用途和应用。
无脊椎动物害虫以及尤其是昆虫、节肢动物和线虫破坏生长和收获的作物且袭击木质居住和商业结构体,从而对食物供应和财产造成大的经济损失。尽管已知大量杀害虫剂,但由于目标害虫能够对所述杀害虫剂产生耐药性,因此仍然需要用于防除无脊椎动物害虫如昆虫、蜘蛛和线虫的新试剂。因此,本发明的目的是要提供对大量不同的无脊椎动物害虫,尤其是对难以防治的昆虫、蜘蛛和线虫具有良好杀害虫活性且显示出宽活性谱的化合物。
其中
R1为C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C4链烯基或苄基,这些基团可以部分或全部被卤素或C1-C4烷基取代;
R2为5或6员碳环或杂环,该环可以未被取代、部分或完全被R2a取代;Het选自D-1、D-2和D-3:
其中
Ra为卤素、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4烷硫基或苯基,
n为0、1或2,以及
#表示(I)中的键;
R2a为卤素、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、ORc、C(=O)ORc、C(=O)NRbRc、苯基或吡啶基,其可以被卤素、C1-C6卤代烷基或C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代;
Rb各自独立地为氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基;
Rc各自独立地为氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C6环烷基;
其中两个成对键合的基团RbRb、RcRb或RcRc与它们所键合的原子一起可以形成3、4、5、6或7员饱和、部分不饱和或芳族碳环或杂环。
本发明还涉及非外消旋的式(I)化合物,其中各变量Het、R1和R2如式(I)化合物中所定义;
本发明还涉及具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中各变量Het、R1和R2如式(I)化合物中所定义;
式(I)的嘧啶化合物、非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物及其可农用盐对动物害虫,即有害的节肢动物和线虫,尤其是对难以通过其他措施防治的昆虫和螨科(acaridae)高度有效。
此外,本发明涉及并包括下列实施方案:
-包含至少一种如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物的组合物;
-包含一定量的至少一种如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐的农业和兽用组合物;
-一种防除无脊椎动物害虫、无脊椎动物害虫的侵染或感染的方法,该方法包括使所述害虫或其食物供应源、栖息地或繁殖地与杀害虫有效量的至少一种如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或其组合物接触;
-一种防治无脊椎动物害虫、无脊椎动物害虫的侵染或感染的方法,该方法包括使所述害虫或其食物供应源、栖息地或繁殖地与杀害虫有效量的至少一种如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或者包含至少一种式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物的组合物接触;
-一种预防或保护以防无脊椎动物害虫的方法,包括使无脊椎动物害虫或其食物供应源、栖息地或繁殖地与如上面和下文所定义的通式(I)的取代嘧啶化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或者包含至少一种如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物的组合物或者包含至少一种式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物的组合物接触;
-一种保护作物、植物、植物繁殖材料和/或生长的植物以防无脊椎动物害虫侵袭或侵染的方法,包括使作物、植物、植物繁殖材料和生长的植物或者其中作物、植物、植物繁殖材料储存或植物生长的土壤、材料、表面、空间、区域或水体与杀害虫有效量的至少一种如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或者包含至少一种式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物的组合物接触或用其处理;
-一种处理被寄生虫侵染或感染的动物或者预防动物被寄生虫感染或侵染或者保护动物以防被寄生虫侵染或感染的非治疗方法,包括对动物口服、局部或肠道外给予或施用杀寄生虫有效量的如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或者包含至少一种式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物的组合物;
-一种通过对动物口服、局部或肠道外给予或施用如上面和下文所定义的通式(I)的取代嘧啶化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或者包含至少一种式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物的组合物而处理、控制、预防或保护动物以防被寄生虫侵染或感染的方法;
-种子,以0.1g-10kg/100kg种子的量包含如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物;
-如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物在保护生长的植物或植物繁殖材料以防无脊椎动物害虫侵袭或侵染中的用途;
-式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或其对映体、非对映体或可兽用盐在动物中和动物上防除寄生虫的用途;
-一种制备用于处理、控制、预防或保护动物以防被寄生虫侵染或感染的兽用组合物的方法,包括将杀寄生虫有效量的如本文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或其对映体、非对映体和/或可兽用盐加入适合兽用的载体组合物中;
-如本文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或其对映体、非对映体和/或可兽用盐在制备用于处理、控制、预防或保护动物以防被寄生虫侵染或感染的药物中的用途。
此外,本发明还涉及并包括下列实施方案:
-用于在水稻中防治水稻害虫,尤其是水稻无脊椎动物害虫的如本文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物;
-用于在水稻中防治水稻害虫,尤其是水稻无脊椎动物害虫的包含至少一种如本文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物的组合物;
-用于在水稻中防治水稻害虫,尤其是水稻无脊椎动物害虫的农业组合物,包含一定量的至少一种如本文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或如上所定义的其对映体、非对映体或盐;
-一种防除水稻无脊椎动物害虫、水稻无脊椎动物害虫的侵染或感染的方法,该方法包括使所述害虫或其食物供应源、栖息地或繁殖地与杀害虫有效量的至少一种如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或其组合物接触;
-一种防治水稻无脊椎动物害虫、无脊椎动物害虫的侵染或感染的方法,该方法包括使所述害虫或其食物供应源、栖息地或繁殖地与杀害虫有效量的至少一种如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或者包含至少一种式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物的组合物接触;
-一种预防或保护以防水稻无脊椎动物害虫的方法,包括使水稻无脊椎动物害虫或其食物供应源、栖息地或繁殖地与如上所定义的通式(I)的取代嘧啶化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或者包含至少一种如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物的组合物接触;
-一种保护水稻、水稻植物、水稻植物繁殖材料和/或生长的水稻植物以防水稻无脊椎动物害虫侵袭或侵染的方法,包括使水稻、水稻植物、水稻植物繁殖材料和生长的水稻植物或者其中水稻、水稻植物、水稻植物繁殖材料储存或水稻植物生长的土壤、材料、表面、空间、区域或水体与杀害虫有效量的至少一种如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物或者包含至少一种式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物的组合物接触或用其处理;
-一种尤其是在水稻田中提高水稻植物健康的方法,包括用至少一种如本文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物处理;
-一种提高水稻植物的产量的方法,包括用至少一种如本文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物处理;
-水稻种子,以0.1g-10kg/100kg种子的量包含如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物;
-如上面和下文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物在保护生长的水稻植物或水稻植物繁殖材料以防水稻无脊椎动物害虫侵袭或侵染中的用途;
所有本发明化合物,合适的话包括其立体异构体、其互变异构体、其盐或其N-氧化物,以及其组合物特别可以用于防治无脊椎动物害虫,特别是防治节肢动物和线虫以及尤其是昆虫。因此,本发明涉及本发明所公开的化合物在防除或防治无脊椎动物害虫,尤其是昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫类无脊椎动物害虫中的用途。
本发明中所用术语“本发明化合物”或“式(I)化合物”涉及并包括本文所定义的化合物和/或其立体异构体、盐、互变异构体或N-氧化物。术语“本发明化合物”应理解为等同于术语“本发明的化合物”,因此也包括式(I)化合物的立体异构体、盐、互变异构体或N-氧化物。
本文所用术语“化合物I-R”或“式(I-R)化合物”是同义词。
术语“本发明组合物”或“本发明的组合物”包括包含至少一种如上所定义的本发明式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式I-R化合物的式(I)化合物,因此还包括式(I)化合物的立体异构体、可农用或可兽用盐、互变异构体或N-氧化物的组合物。
式(I)化合物以内消旋形式存在。这些形式可以以各自在不同原子(如下所示)上具有形式正电荷和负电荷的不同等电子式表达。本发明延伸至式I化合物的所有代表性等电子结构。
式(I)化合物具有一个手性中心或者取决于取代方式具有多个手性中心,此时它们作为对映体或非对映体的混合物存在。本发明提供了式(I)化合物的单一纯对映体或纯非对映体及其混合物二者以及式(I)化合物的纯对映体或纯非对映体或其混合物的本发明用途。合适的式(I)化合物还包括所有可能的几何立体异构体(顺式/反式异构体)及其混合物。就链烯烃、碳-氮双键或酰胺基团而言可能存在顺式/反式异构体。术语“立体异构体”包括光学异构体,如对映体或非对映体,后者由于分子中不止一个手性中心而存在,以及几何异构体(顺式/反式异构体)二者。本发明涉及式(I)化合物的每一可能立体异构体,即单一对映体或非对映体,以及它们的混合物。具体对映体的优选实施方案在下文更详细描述为式(I-R)和(I-S)化合物。
取决于取代方式,式(I)化合物可以以其互变异构体形式存在。因此,本发明还涉及式(I)的互变异构体以及所述互变异构体的立体异构体、盐、互变异构体和N-氧化物。
式(I)化合物的盐优选为可农用和/或可兽用盐。它们可以以常规方法形成,例如若式(I)化合物具有碱性官能团的话,通过使该化合物与所述阴离子的酸反应,或者通过使酸性式(I)化合物与合适碱反应。
合适的可农用或可兽用盐尤其是其阳离子和阴离子分别对本发明化合物的作用没有任何不利影响的那些阳离子的盐或那些酸的酸加成盐。合适的阳离子尤其是碱金属的离子,优选锂、钠和钾离子,碱土金属的离子,优选钙、镁和钡离子,以及过渡金属的离子,优选锰、铜、锌和铁离子,还有铵(NH4 +)和其中1-4个氢原子被C1-C4烷基、C1-C4羟基烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C4烷基、羟基-C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C4烷基、苯基或苄基替代的取代铵。取代铵离子的实例包括甲基铵、异丙基铵、二甲基铵、二异丙基铵、三甲基铵、四甲基铵、四乙基铵、四丁基铵、2-羟基乙基铵、2-(2-羟基乙氧基)乙基铵、二(2-羟基乙基)铵、苄基三甲基铵和苄基三乙基铵,此外还有离子,锍离子,优选三(C1-C4烷基)锍,以及氧化锍离子,优选三(C1-C4烷基)氧化锍。
有用酸加成盐的阴离子主要是氯离子、溴离子、氟离子、硫酸氢根、硫酸根、磷酸二氢根、磷酸氢根、磷酸根、硝酸根、碳酸氢根、碳酸根、六氟硅酸根、六氟磷酸根、苯甲酸根以及C1-C4链烷酸的阴离子,优选甲酸根、乙酸根、丙酸根和丁酸根。它们可以通过使式I化合物与对应阴离子的酸,优选盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸或硝酸反应而形成。
术语“N-氧化物”包括具有至少一个被氧化成N-氧化物结构部分的叔氮原子的任何本发明化合物。
在各变量的上述定义中提到的有机结构部分像术语卤素一样为各基团成员的各次列举的集合性术语。前缀Cn-Cm在每种情况下表示该基团中的可能碳原子数。
有机结构部分可以具有与其连接的其他取代基,即有机结构部分可以被其他结构部分(例如卤素、氟、烷基)“取代”,其有时也表达为“被取代”,但在上下文中具有相同含义。
“卤素”在每种情况下表示氟、溴、氯或碘,尤其是氟、氯或溴。
术语“部分或完全被卤代的”应理解为指给定基团的氢原子中的一个或多个,例如1、2、3、4或5个或者全部已经被卤原子,尤其是氟或氯替代。
本文所用术语“Cn-Cm烷基”涉及具有n-m个,例如1-10个碳原子,优选1-6个碳原子的支化或未支化饱和烃基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、1-甲基乙基、丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基乙基、戊基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、己基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基和癸基及其异构体。C1-C4烷基例如涉及甲基、乙基、丙基、1-甲基乙基、丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基或1,1-二甲基乙基。
本文所用术语“Cn-Cm卤代烷基”涉及具有n-m个碳原子,例如1-10个,尤其是1-6个碳原子的直链或支化烷基(如上所述),其中这些基团中的一些或全部氢原子可以被如上所述的卤原子替代,例如C1-C4卤代烷基,如氯甲基、溴甲基、二氯甲基、三氯甲基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氯氟甲基、二氯一氟甲基、一氯二氟甲基、1-氯乙基、1-溴乙基、1-氟乙基、2-氟乙基、2,2-二氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、2-氯-2-氟乙基、2-氯-2,2-二氟乙基、2,2-二氯-2-氟乙基、2,2,2-三氯乙基、五氟乙基等。术语C1-C10卤代烷基尤其包括C1-C2氟烷基,其与甲基或乙基是同义词,其中1、2、3、4或5个氢原子被氟原子替代,如氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、1-氟乙基、2-氟乙基、2,2-二氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基和五氟甲基。就此而言,烷基结构部分说成被卤素或氟替代,有时也表达为被卤素或氟“取代”。
类似地,“Cn-Cm烷氧基”和“Cn-Cm烷硫基”(或Cn-Cm烷基硫基)涉及通过氧(或硫键)在烷基中的任何键处键合的具有n-m个碳原子,例如1-10个,尤其是1-6个或1-4个碳原子的直链或支化烷基(如上所述)。实例包括C1-C4烷氧基,如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、仲丁氧基、异丁氧基和叔丁氧基,此外还有C1-C4烷硫基,如甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基、异丙硫基和正丁硫基。
因此,术语“Cn-Cm卤代烷氧基”涉及分别通过氧键在烷基中的任何键处键合的具有n-m个碳原子,例如1-10个,尤其是1-6个或1-4个碳原子的直链或支化烷基(如上所述),其中这些基团中的一些或全部氢原子可以被如上所述的卤原子替代,例如C1-C2卤代烷氧基,如氯甲氧基、溴甲氧基、二氯甲氧基、三氯甲氧基、氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、氯氟甲氧基、二氯一氟甲氧基、一氯二氟甲氧基、1-氯乙氧基、1-溴乙氧基、1-氟乙氧基、2-氟乙氧基、2,2-二氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、2-氯-2-氟乙氧基、2-氯-2,2-二氟乙氧基、2,2-二氯-2-氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧基和五氟乙氧基。类似地,术语C1-C2氟烷氧基涉及经由氧原子键合于该分子的其余部分的C1-C2氟烷基。
本文所用术语“C2-Cm链烯基”表示具有2-m个,例如2-10个或2-6个碳原子和在任意位置处的双键的支化或未支化不饱和烃基,如乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-甲基-1-丙烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、1-甲基-1-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丁烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、1-甲基-2-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丁烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基、1-甲基-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-3-丁烯基、3-甲基-3-丁烯基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙烯基、1,2-二甲基-1-丙烯基、1,2-二甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-1-丙烯基、1-乙基-2-丙烯基、1-己烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、4-己烯基、5-己烯基、1-甲基-1-戊烯基、2-甲基-1-戊烯基、3-甲基-1-戊烯基、4-甲基-1-戊烯基、1-甲基-2-戊烯基、2-甲基-2-戊烯基、3-甲基-2-戊烯基、4-甲基-2-戊烯基、1-甲基-3-戊烯基、2-甲基-3-戊烯基、3-甲基-3-戊烯基、4-甲基-3-戊烯基、1-甲基-4-戊烯基、2-甲基-4-戊烯基、3-甲基-4-戊烯基、4-甲基-4-戊烯基、1,1-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,1-二甲基-3-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-1-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-3-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-3-丁烯基、2,2-二甲基-3-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-3-丁烯基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、3,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1-乙基-1-丁烯基、1-乙基-2-丁烯基、1-乙基-3-丁烯基、2-乙基-1-丁烯基、2-乙基-2-丁烯基、2-乙基-3-丁烯基、1,1,2-三甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-1-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-2-甲基-1-丙烯基和1-乙基-2-甲基-2-丙烯基。
本文所用术语“芳基”涉及单-、双-或三环芳族烃基,如苯基或萘基,尤其是苯基(也称为C6H5取代基)。
术语“环体系”表示两个或更多个直接连接的环。
本文所用术语“C3-Cm环烷基”涉及3-m员饱和脂环族基团的单环,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基和环癸基。
本文所用术语“5或6员碳环或杂环”涉及可以含有1、2、3或4个杂原子或杂原子基团的饱和、部分不饱和或芳族环,其中这些杂原子(基团)选自N(N取代的基团)、O和S(S取代的基团)本文所用涉及单环基团,其中单环基团是饱和、部分不饱和或芳族的(完全不饱和)。杂环基团可以经由碳环成员或者经由氮环成员与该分子的其余部分连接。
5或6员碳环或杂环的实例包括环戊烷和环己烷、环己烯、苯基、吡啶基、2-四氢呋喃基、3-四氢呋喃基、2-四氢噻吩基、3-四氢噻吩基、2-吡咯烷基、3-吡咯烷基、3-吡唑烷基、4-吡唑烷基、5-吡唑烷基、2-咪唑烷基、4-咪唑烷基、2-唑烷基、4-唑烷基、5-唑烷基、3-异唑烷基、4-异唑烷基、5-异唑烷基、2-噻唑烷基、4-噻唑烷基、5-噻唑烷基、3-异噻唑烷基、4-异噻唑烷基、5-异噻唑烷基、1,2,4-二唑烷-3-基、1,2,4-二唑烷-5-基、1,2,4-噻二唑烷-3-基、1,2,4-噻二唑烷-5-基、1,2,4-三唑烷-3-基、1,3,4-二唑烷-2-基、1,3,4-噻二唑烷-2-基、1,3,4-三唑烷-2-基、2-四氢吡喃基、4-四氢吡喃基、1,3-二烷-5-基、1,4-二烷-2-基、2-哌啶基、3-哌啶基、4-哌啶基、3-六氢哒嗪基、4-六氢哒嗪基、2-六氢嘧啶基、4-六氢嘧啶基、5-六氢嘧啶基、2-哌嗪基、1,3,5-六氢三嗪-2-基、1,2,4-六氢三嗪-3-基、2-吗啉基、3-吗啉基、2-硫代吗啉基、3-硫代吗啉基、1-氧代硫代吗啉-2-基、1-氧代硫代吗啉-3-基、1,1-二氧代硫代吗啉-2-基、1,1-二氧代硫代吗啉-3-基等。
5或6员部分不饱和杂环基或杂环的实例包括2,3-二氢呋喃-2-基、2,3-二氢呋喃-3-基、2,4-二氢呋喃-2-基、2,4-二氢呋喃-3-基、2,3-二氢噻吩-2-基、2,3-二氢噻吩-3-基、2,4-二氢噻吩-2-基、2,4-二氢噻吩-3-基、2-吡咯啉-2-基、2-吡咯啉-3-基、3-吡咯啉-2-基、3-吡咯啉-3-基、2-异唑啉-3-基、3-异唑啉-3-基、4-异唑啉-3-基、2-异唑啉-4-基、3-异唑啉-4-基、4-异唑啉-4-基、2-异唑啉-5-基、3-异唑啉-5-基、4-异唑啉-5-基、2-异噻唑啉-3-基、3-异噻唑啉-3-基、4-异噻唑啉-3-基、2-异噻唑啉-4-基、3-异噻唑啉-4-基、4-异噻唑啉-4-基、2-异噻唑啉-5-基、3-异噻唑啉-5-基、4-异噻唑啉-5-基、2,3-二氢吡唑-1-基、2,3-二氢吡唑-2-基、2,3-二氢吡唑-3-基、2,3-二氢吡唑-4-基、2,3-二氢吡唑-5-基、3,4-二氢吡唑-1-基、3,4-二氢吡唑-3-基、3,4-二氢吡唑-4-基、3,4-二氢吡唑-5-基、4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基、4,5-二氢吡唑-3-基、4,5-二氢吡唑-4-基、4,5-二氢吡唑-5-基、2,3-二氢唑-2-基、2,3-二氢唑-3-基、2,3-二氢唑-4-基、2,3-二氢唑-5-基、3,4-二氢唑-2-基、3,4-二氢唑-3-基、3,4-二氢唑-4-基、3,4-二氢唑-5-基、3,4-二氢唑-2-基、3,4-二氢唑-3-基、3,4-二氢唑-4-基、2-、3-、4-、5-或6-二-或四氢吡啶基、3-二-或四氢哒嗪基、4-二-或四氢哒嗪基、2-二-或四氢嘧啶基、4-二-或四氢嘧啶基、5-二-或四氢嘧啶基、二-或四氢吡嗪基、1,3,5-二-或四氢三嗪-2-基、1,2,4-二-或四氢三嗪-3-基。
5或6员芳族杂环(杂芳基)或杂芳族环的实例是2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、3-吡唑基、4-吡唑基、5-吡唑基、2-唑基、4-唑基、5-唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、1,3,4-三唑-2-基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、3-哒嗪基、4-哒嗪基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-嘧啶基和2-吡嗪基。
除非另有说明,术语“至少XX%”涉及≥XX%至≤100%,例如至少55%涉及≥55%至≤100%。
术语“非外消旋的式(I)化合物”涉及其中其R-和S-对映体不以相等量存在的式(I)化合物。
术语“对映体过量”表示对映体混合物中对映体过量并且根据下式计算:
ee=[│m1─m2│/(m1+m2)]×100%
ee:对映体过量
m1:对映体1的比例
m2:对映体2的比例
如本文所用且除非另有说明,术语“对映体”是指本发明化合物的各单独旋光活性形式。
本文所用术语“具有对映体过量的”涉及对映体混合物,其中就所用具有“对映体过量”的术语而言该对映体与其他对映体相比以对映体过量存在,优选以该对映体混合物的至少60%,优选至少80%,更优选至少95%,最优选至少98%的量存在。例如,术语“具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的式I-1化合物”涉及其中化合物I-R-1与化合物I-S-1相比以对映体过量存在,优选以至少60%,优选至少80%,更优选至少95%,最优选至少98%的量存在的式I-1化合物。
本发明化合物可以如WO2014/167084所述或者如下所述制备。上述式(I)化合物的制备可能导致它们作为异构体混合物得到。需要的话,这些可以通过常用于该目的的方法拆分,如结晶或层析,这也是在光学活性吸附物上进行,得到纯异构体。
化合物I的可农用盐可以以常规方式形成,例如通过与所述阴离子的酸反应。
式(I)化合物可以类似于由Holyoke等在WO 2009/099929中所述的方法(方案1)由适当取代的化合物(III)制备。
方案1
化合物(III)可以通过例如由Brian R.Dixon等在US 6,353,006中所述的方法由例如2-氯乙胺类化合物(V)以及与其类似的方法用适当取代的反应物制备。
方案2
2-氯乙胺类化合物(V)例如又可以通过如Denolf,Bram等,Journal of OrganicChemistry,72(9),3211-3217;2007所例举那样还原亚磺酰亚胺类而得到。
方案3
化合物(VII)由本领域熟练技术人员众所周知的α-卤代酮得到。
具有对映体过量的式I化合物可以通过下述方法或者类似于实施例部分所述方法的方法制备:
具有对映体过量的式I化合物可以通过至少包括下列步骤的方法制备:
(A)使式III化合物与其中M2选自锂、钠、钾、铝、钡、铯、钙和镁,RAC为C(=O)C1-C4烷基的M2ORAC反应:
其中
W为卤素、O-对甲苯磺酰基、O-甲磺酰基或O-三氟甲磺酰基;
Het如式I化合物中所定义;
得到式IV化合物:
其中Het和RAC如本文所定义;
(B)在酸或碱存在下水解如本文所定义的式IV化合物,得到式V化合物:
其中Het如式IV化合物中所定义;
(C)使式V化合物与其中X2为卤素的X2SO2NH2反应,
得到式VI化合物:
其中Het如式V化合物中所定义,
(D)在氢化催化剂MXLn和氢源存在下氢化式VI化合物,
其中
M为周期表第VIII-XII族过渡金属;
X为阴离子,
Ln为Ln1或Ln2,
其中
Ln1为式Ln1的手性配体:
其中
C*为S或R-构型的不对称碳原子;
R10为OH或NH-SO2-R11;其中
R11为未被取代或者被卤素、C1-C10烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C3-C6环烷基、SO3H或SO3Na取代的芳基,或者
C1-C10全氟烷基或R13R14N,其中R13和R14独立地表示未被取代或者被C6-C10芳基取代的C1-C10烷基,或者R13和R14表示C6-C10环烷基;
R12独立地表示芳基或C6-C10环烷基环,其中该环未被取代或者相互独立地被卤素、C1-C10烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C3-C6环烷基、SO3H或SO3Na取代,或者两个R12连接在一起形成3-6员碳环或5-10员部分不饱和碳环;
Ln2为手性磷配体;
所述氢源选自a)其中R为H或C1-C6烷基的N(R)3和HCOOH的混合物,b)HCOONa,以及c)异丙醇和t-BuOK或t-BuONa或t-BuOLi的混合物;
得到式VII化合物:
其中
C*为S或R-构型的不对称碳原子;
Het如式VI化合物中所定义;
(E)使式VII化合物与R1NCS在碱存在下反应:
其中
C*为S或R-构型的不对称碳原子;
Het如本文所定义;
其中R1为C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C4链烯基或-CH2-苯基,这些基团未被取代或者被卤素或C1-C4烷基取代;
得到式VIII化合物:
其中
C*和Het如式VII化合物中所定义;
R1如本文所定义;
(F)使如本文所定义的式VIII化合物与式IX化合物反应:
其中
LG为选自卤素、ORu或SRu的离去基团;其中
Ru为卤素、C1-C6烷基或芳基,其未被取代或者被卤素取代;
R2如式I化合物中所定义;
得到如本文所定义的具有对映体过量的式I化合物。
优选情形
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R1为C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C4链烯基。
在另一实施方案中,R1为C1-C4烷基。在另一实施方案中,R1为甲基或乙基。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R2为苯基、吡啶基或噻吩,它们可以未被取代、部分或完全被R2a取代。
在另一实施方案中,R2为可以未被取代、部分或完全被R2a取代的苯基,其中R2a为卤素、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、ORc、C(=O)ORc、C(=O)NRbRc、苯基或吡啶基,其可以被卤素、C1-C6卤代烷基或C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代。
在另一实施方案中,R2为可以未被取代、部分或完全被卤素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C3卤代烷基取代的苯基。
在另一实施方案中,R2为可以未被取代、部分或完全被三氟甲基或卤素,优选氯取代的苯基;
在另一实施方案中,R2为苯基、3,5-二氯苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基。
在另一实施方案中,R2为苯基。
在另一实施方案中,R2为3,5-二氯苯基。
在另一实施方案中,R2为3-三氟甲基苯基。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,Het为5或6员芳族碳环或杂环。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,Het为D-2。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,Het为D-2,其中
Ra为卤素、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4烷硫基;
n为1或2。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,Het选自D-1、D-2和D-3,其中Ra为氯;
n为1。
在另一实施方案中,Het为D-1a、D-2a和D-3a:
在另一实施方案中,Het为D-1a。
在另一实施方案中,Het为D-2a。
在另一实施方案中,Het为D-3a。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为下列化合物I-1至I-6中的一种:
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-1。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-2。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-3。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-4。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-5。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-6。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物具有式(I-R)中的下列立体化学:
式(I-R)化合物与其式(I-S)的立体异构体相比显示出更高的杀害虫效力,正如由生物学实施例证实的那样。化合物(I-R)对生物目标如酶或受体的选择性不同于化合物(I-S)。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且R1为C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C4链烯基,优选R1为C1-C4烷基,优选R1为甲基或乙基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且R2为苯基、吡啶基或噻吩,它们可以未被取代、部分或完全被R2a取代,其中R2a为卤素、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、ORc、C(=O)ORc、C(=O)NRbRc、苯基或吡啶基,其可以被卤素、C1-C6卤代烷基或C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且R2为可以未被取代、部分或完全被如上所定义的R2a取代的苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且R2为可以未被取代、部分或完全被卤素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C3卤代烷基取代的苯基;优选R2为可以未被取代、部分或完全被三氟甲基或卤素,优选氯取代的苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且R2为苯基、3,5-二氯苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且R2为苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且R2为3,5-二氯苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且R2为3-三氟甲基苯基。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,Het为D-2。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,Het为D-2,其中
Ra为卤素、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4烷硫基;
n为1或2。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且Het选自D-1、D-2和D-3,其中Ra为氯,n为1。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且Het为D-1a、D-2a或D-3a;
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且Het为D-1a。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且Het为D-2a。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-R)中的立体化学且Het为D-3a。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物是下列化合物I-R-1至I-R-6中的一种:
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-R-1。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-R-2。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-R-3。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-R-4。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-R-5。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-R-6。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中变量Het、R1和R2如式(I)化合物中所定义;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及对映体过量为至少55%的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及对映体过量为至少60%的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及对映体过量为至少65%的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及对映体过量为至少70%的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及对映体过量为至少75%的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及对映体过量为至少80%的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及对映体过量为至少85%的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物;
在本发明的优选实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及对映体过量为至少90%的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物;
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及对映体过量为至少95%的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物;
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及对映体过量为至少98%的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物;
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及对映体过量为至少99%的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物;
在本发明的另一实施方案中,式(I)化合物具有式(I-S)中的下列立体化学:
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且R1为C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C4链烯基,优选R1为C1-C4烷基,优选R1为甲基或乙基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且R2为苯基、吡啶基或噻吩,它们可以未被取代、部分或完全被R2a取代,其中R2a为卤素、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、ORc、C(=O)ORc、C(=O)NRbRc、苯基或吡啶基,其可以被卤素、C1-C6卤代烷基或C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且R2为可以未被取代、部分或完全被如上所定义的R2a取代的苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且R2为可以未被取代、部分或完全被卤素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C3卤代烷基取代的苯基;优选R2为可以未被取代、部分或完全被三氟甲基或卤素,优选氯取代的苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且R2为苯基、3,5-二氯苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且R2为苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且R2为3,5-二氯苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且R2为3-三氟甲基苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且Het选自D-1、D-2和D-3,其中Ra为氯,n为1。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且Het为D-1a、D-2a或D-3a;
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且Het为D-1a。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且Het为D-2a。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物具有式(I-S)中的立体化学且Het为D-3a。
具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物与外消旋混合物或者具有对映体过量的式(I-S)的式(I)化合物相比显示出更高的杀害虫效力,正如由生物学实施例证实的那样。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中R1为C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C4链烯基,优选R1为C1-C4烷基,优选R1为甲基或乙基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中R2为苯基、吡啶基或噻吩,它们可以未被取代、部分或完全被R2a取代,其中R2a为卤素、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、ORc、C(=O)ORc、C(=O)NRbRc、苯基或吡啶基,其可以被卤素、C1-C6卤代烷基或C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中R2为可以未被取代、部分或完全被如上所定义的R2a取代的苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中R2为可以未被取代、部分或完全被卤素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C3卤代烷基取代的苯基;优选R2为可以未被取代、部分或完全被三氟甲基或卤素,优选氯取代的苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中R2为苯基、3,5-二氯苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中R2为苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中R2为3,5-二氯苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中R2为3-三氟甲基苯基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中Het选自D-1、D-2和D-3,其中Ra为氯,n为0或1。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中Het为D-2;
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中Het为D-2,其中
Ra为卤素、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4烷硫基;
n为1或2。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中Het为D-1a、D-2a或D-3a;
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中Het为D-1a。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中Het为D-2a。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物为具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中Het为D-3a。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物选自分别具有对映体过量的R对映体化合物I-R-1至I-R-6的化合物I-1至I-6:
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-2的化合物I-2。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-3的化合物I-3。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-4的化合物I-4。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-5的化合物I-5。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-6的化合物I-6。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物是下列化合物I-S-1至I-S-6中的一种:
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-S-1。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-S-2。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-S-3。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-S-4。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-S-5。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为化合物I-S-6。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中式(I-R)以≥55%至≤100%的量存在且式(I-S)以≤45%至≥0%的量存在;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中式(I-R)以≥60%至≤100%的量存在且式(I-S)以≤40%至≥0%的量存在;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中式(I-R)以≥65%至≤100%的量存在且式(I-S)以≤35%至≥0%的量存在;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中式(I-R)以≥70%至≤100%的量存在且式(I-S)以≤30%至≥0%的量存在;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中式(I-R)以≥75%至≤100%的量存在且式(I-S)以≤25%至≥0%的量存在;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中式(I-R)以≥80%至≤100%的量存在且式(I-S)以≤20%至≥0%的量存在;
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中式(I-R)以≥85%至≤100%的量存在且式(I-S)以≤15%至≥0%的量存在;
在本发明的另一实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中式(I-R)以≥90%至≤100%的量存在且式(I-S)以≤10%至≥0%的量存在;
在本发明的另一实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中式(I-R)以≥95%至≤100%的量存在且式(I-S)以≤5%至≥0%的量存在;
在本发明的另一实施方案中,式(I)化合物涉及具有对映体过量的式(I-R)的式(I)化合物,其中式(I-R)以≥98%至≤100%,优选≥99%至≤100%的量存在且式(I-S)以≤2%至≥0%,优选≤1%至≥0%的量存在;混合物
害虫防治领域出现的一个典型问题在于需要降低活性成分的剂量率以减少或避免不利的环境或毒理学效果,同时仍允许有效的害虫防治。
遇到的另一问题是需要具有对宽谱害虫有效的可用害虫防治剂。
还需要将击倒活性与长期防治组合,即将快速作用与长效作用组合的害虫防治剂。
与杀虫剂使用相关的另一难点是重复和唯一地施用单一杀害虫化合物在许多情况下导致对所述活性化合物产生天然或适应耐受性的害虫的快速选择。因此,需要有助于防止或克服由杀害虫剂诱发的耐受性的害虫防治剂。
此外,需要在施用时改善植物的杀虫剂化合物或化合物组合,这可能导致“植物健康”、“植物繁殖材料生命力”或“提高的植物产量”。
因此,本发明的目的是要提供解决了所讨论的问题中的一种或不止一种的农业组合,如:
-降低的剂量率,
-提高的活性谱,
-击倒活性与长期防治的组合,
-改善的抗药性治理,
-改善的植物健康;
-改善的植物繁殖材料生命力,也称为种子生命力;
-提高的植物产量。
因此,本发明的目的是要提供解决了所讨论的问题如降低剂量率、提高活性谱或者组合击倒活性与长期防治以及抗药性治理中的至少一种的杀害虫混合物。
已经发现该目的部分或全部由如本文所定义的活性化合物的组合实现。
因此,在本发明的特殊实施方案中,将本发明化合物与至少一种其他活性成分混合。
本文所用术语“本发明混合物”或“本发明的混合物”是指包含如上所定义的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式(I-R)化合物的式(I)化合物—也称为“式(I)的化合物”或“化合物I”或“式(I)化合物”—和如下所定义的化合物(II)—也成为“式II化合物”或“化合物II”—的混合物。
式I化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式(I)化合物以及化合物II应理解为包括其盐、互变异构体、立体异构体和N-氧化物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明涉及包含如下组分的混合物:
(1)至少一种如本文所定义的式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式(I-R)或(I-S)化合物的式(I)化合物、其对映体、盐、互变异构体、立体异构体和N-氧化物,以及
(2)至少一种选自如下的化合物II:
M.1乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂:M.1A氨基甲酸酯类,例如涕灭威(aldicarb)、棉铃威(alanycarb)、虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、丁酮威(butocarboxim)、丁酮氧威(butoxycarboxim)、甲萘威(carbaryl)、虫螨威(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、苯虫威(ethiofencarb)、仲丁威(fenobucarb)、抗螨脒(formetanate)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、异丙威(isoprocarb)、灭虫威(methiocarb)、灭多虫(methomyl)、速灭威(metolcarb)、甲氨叉威(oxamyl)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、久效威(thiofanox)、混杀威(trimethacarb)、XMC、灭杀威(xylylcarb)和唑蚜威(triazamate);或者M.1B有机磷酸酯类,例如高灭磷(acephate)、唑啶磷(azamethiphos)、乙基谷硫磷(azinphos-ethyl)、谷硫磷(azinphosmethyl)、硫线磷(cadusafos)、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、氯甲硫磷(chlormephos)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、蝇毒磷(coumaphos)、杀螟腈(cyanophos)、甲基内吸磷(demeton-S-methyl)、二嗪农(diazinon)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos/DDVP)、百治磷(dicrotophos)、乐果(dimethoate)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、EPN、乙硫磷(ethion)、丙线磷(ethoprophos)、伐灭磷(famphur)、苯线磷(fenamiphos)、杀螟松(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、噻唑硫磷(fosthiazate)、庚烯磷(heptenophos)、新烟碱类(imicyafos)、异丙胺磷(isofenphos)、O-(甲氧基氨基硫代磷酰基)水杨酸异丙酯、异唑磷(isoxathion)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、二溴磷(naled)、氧乐果(omethoate)、砜吸磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、一六零五(parathion)、甲基对硫磷(parathion-methyl)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、甲拌磷(phorate)、伏杀磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、虫螨磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、巴胺磷(propetamphos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)、哒嗪硫磷(pyridaphenthion)、喹硫磷(quinalphos)、治螟磷(sulfotep)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos)、双硫磷(temephos)、特丁磷(terbufos)、杀虫威(tetrachlorvinphos)、甲基乙拌磷(thiometon)、三唑磷(triazophos)、敌百虫(trichlorfon)和蚜灭磷(vamidothion);
M.2.GABA门控氯离子通道拮抗剂:M.2A环二烯有机氯化合物,例如硫丹(endosulfan)或氯丹(chlordane);或者M.2B fiproles(苯基吡唑类),例如乙虫腈(ethiprole)、锐劲特(fipronil)、丁烯氟虫腈(flufiprole)、pyrafluprole和pyriprole;
M.3选自M.3A拟除虫菊酯类别的钠通道调节剂,例如氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin)、丙烯除虫菊(allethrin)、右旋丙烯菊酯(d-cis-trans allethrin)、右旋反式丙烯菊酯(d-trans allethrin)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)(尤其是kappa-bifenthrin)、生物烯丙菊酯(bioallethrin)、2-环戊烯基生物烯丙菊酯(bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl)、生物苄呋菊酯(bioresmethrin)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、高效氟氯氰菊酯(beta-cyfluthrin)、(RS)氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、精高效氯氟氰菊酯(gamma-cyhalothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、甲体氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、乙体氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、高效反式氯氰菊酯(theta-cypermethrin)、己体氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、苯醚氰菊酯(cyphenothrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、烯炔菊酯(empenthrin)、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、杀灭菊酯(fenvalerate)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate)、氟氯苯菊酯(flumethrin)、氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、溴氟醚菊酯(halfenprox)、heptafluthrin、咪炔菊酯(imiprothrin)、氯氟醚菊酯(meperfluthrin)、甲氧苄氟菊酯(metofluthrin)、momfluorothrin(尤其是epsilon-momfluorothrin)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、苯醚菊酯(phenothrin)、炔酮菊酯(prallethrin)、丙氟菊酯(profluthrin)、除虫菊酯(pyrethrin(除虫菊(pyrethrum)))、灭虫菊(resmethrin)、灭虫硅醚(silafluofen)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)(尤其是kappa-tefluthrin)、四氟醚菊酯(tetramethylfluthrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)和四氟菊酯(transfluthrin);或者M.3B钠通道调节剂,如DDT或甲氧滴滴涕(methoxychlor);
M.4烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体激动剂(nAChR):M.4A新烟碱类,例如吡虫清(acetamiprid)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、环氧虫啶(cycloxaprid)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、硝胺烯啶(nitenpyram)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)和噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam);或者化合物M.4A.1 4,5-二氢-N-硝基-1-(2-环氧乙烷基甲基)-1H-咪唑-2-胺,M.4A.2:(2E-)-1-[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基]-N'-硝基-2-亚戊基氨基胍;或者M4.A.3:1-[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基]-7-甲基-8-硝基-5-丙氧基-1,2,3,5,6,7-六氢咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶;或者M.4B烟碱(nicotine);M.4C氟啶虫胺腈(sulfoxaflor);M.4D flupyradifurone;M.4E三氟苯嘧啶(triflumezopyrim);
M.5烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体变构活化剂:多杀菌素,例如艾克敌105(spinosad)或乙基多杀菌素(spinetoram);
M.6选自阿维菌素和米尔倍霉素类别的氯离子通道活化剂,例如齐墩螨素(abamectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(emamectin benzoate)、伊维菌素(ivermectin)、雷皮菌素(lepimectin)或米尔螨素(milbemectin);
M.7保幼激素模拟物,如M.7A保幼激素类似物蒙512(hydroprene)、烯虫炔酯(kinoprene)和蒙五一五(methoprene);或者M.7B双氧威(fenoxycarb),或M.7C蚊蝇醚(pyriproxyfen);
M.8其他非特异性(多位点)抑制剂,例如M.8A烷基卤化物如溴甲烷和其他烷基卤化物,M.8B氯化苦(chloropicrin),M.8C磺酰氟,M.8D硼砂,或M.8E酒石酸氧锑钾(tartaremetic);
M.9弦音器官TRPV通道调节剂,例如M.9B拒嗪酮(pymetrozine);pyrifluquinazon;
M.12线粒体ATP合成酶抑制剂,例如M.12A杀螨硫隆(diafenthiuron),或M.12B有机锡杀螨剂,如三唑锡(azocyclotin)、三环锡(cyhexatin)或杀螨锡(fenbutatin oxide),M.12C克螨特(propargite),或M.12D三氯杀螨砜(tetradifon);
M.13经由质子梯度干扰的氧化磷酸化去偶剂,例如氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr)、二硝酚(DNOC)或氟虫胺(sulfluramid);
M.14烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)通道阻断剂,例如沙蚕毒素类似物杀虫磺(bensultap)、杀螟丹(cartap hydrochloride)、杀虫环(thiocyclam)或杀虫双(thiosultap sodium);
M.15类型0几丁质生物合成抑制剂,如如苯甲酰脲类,例如双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)、定虫隆(chlorfluazuron)、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、多氟虫酰脲(noviflumuron)、伏虫隆(teflubenzuron)或杀虫隆(triflumuron);
M.16类型1几丁质生物合成抑制剂,例如噻嗪酮(buprofezin);
M.17双翅目昆虫蜕皮干扰剂,例如灭蝇胺(cyromazine);
M.18蜕皮素受体激动剂如二酰肼类,例如甲氧苯酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、双苯酰肼(tebufenozide)、特丁苯酰肼(halofenozide)、呋喃虫酰肼(fufenozide)或环虫酰肼(chromafenozide);
M.19章鱼胺受体激动剂(Octopamin receptor agonsit),例如双甲脒(amitraz);
M.20线粒体配合物III电子传输抑制剂,例如M.20A灭蚁腙(hydramethylnon),M.20B灭螨醌(acequinocyl),M.20C嘧螨酯(fluacrypyrim);或者M.20D联苯肼酯(bifenazate);
M.21线粒体配合物I电子传输抑制剂,例如M.21A METI杀螨剂和杀虫剂,如喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)、嘧螨醚(pyrimidifen)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)或唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad),或M.21B鱼藤酮(rotenone);
M.22电压依赖性钠通道阻断剂,例如M.22A二唑虫(indoxacarb),M.22B氰氟虫胺(metaflumizone),或M.22B.1:2-[2-(4-氰基苯基)-1-[3-三氟甲基苯基]亚乙基]-N-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]氨基脲或M.22B.2:N-(3-氯-2-甲基苯基)-2-[(4-氯苯基)[4-[甲基(甲基磺酰基)氨基]苯基]亚甲基]氨基脲;
M.23乙酰CoA羧化酶抑制剂,如季酮酸和四氨基酸(Tetramic acid)衍生物,例如螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)或螺虫乙酯(spirotetramat);M.23.1spiropidion
M.24线粒体配合物IV电子传输抑制剂,例如M.24A膦类如磷化铝、磷化钙、膦或磷化锌,或M.24B氰化物;
M.25线粒体配合物II电子传输抑制剂,如β-酮腈衍生物,例如腈吡螨酯(cyenopyrafen)或丁氟螨酯(cyflumetofen);
M.28选自二酰胺类的鱼尼汀(Ryanodine)受体调节剂,例如氟虫酰胺(flubendiamide),氯虫酰胺(chlorantraniliprole),氰虫酰胺(cyantraniliprole),氟氰虫酰胺(tetraniliprole),M.28.1:(R)-3-氯-N1-{2-甲基-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]苯基}-N2-(1-甲基-2-甲基磺酰基乙基)邻苯二甲酰胺,M.28.2:(S)-3-氯-N1-{2-甲基-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]苯基}-N2-(1-甲基-2-甲基磺酰基乙基)邻苯二甲酰胺,M.28.3:环溴虫酰胺(cyclaniliprole),或M.28.4:2-[3,5-二溴-2-({[3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]
羰基}氨基)苯甲酰基]-1,2-二甲基肼甲酸甲酯;或者M.28.5a)
N-[4,6-二氯-2-[(二乙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基(sulfanylidene))氨基甲酰基]
苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡唑-3-甲酰胺;M.28.5b)
N-[4-氯-2-[(二乙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酰基]-6-甲基苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡唑-3-甲酰胺;M.28.5c)N-[4-氯-2-[(二-2-丙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酰基]-6-甲基苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡唑-3-甲酰胺;M.28.5d)N-[4,6-二氯-2-[(二-2-丙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡唑-3-甲酰胺;M.28.5h)N-[4,6-二溴-2-[(二乙基-λ-4-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡唑-3-甲酰胺;M.28.5i)N-[2-(5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基]-3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺;M.28.5j)3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-N-[2,4-二氯-6-[[(1-氰基-1-甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]苯基]-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺;M.28.5k)3-溴-N-[2,4-二氯-6-(甲基氨基甲酰基)苯基]-1-(3,5-二氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺;M.28.5l)
N-[4-氯-2-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]-6-甲基苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(氟甲氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺;或者
M.28.6:氯氟氰虫酰胺(cyhalodiamide);或者
M.29:弦音器官调节剂—未限定的目标位点,例如氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid);
M.UN.未知或不确定作用模式的杀虫活性化合物,例如双丙环虫酯(afidopyropen)、afoxolaner、印楝素(azadirachtin)、磺胺螨酯(amidoflumet)、苯螨特(benzoximate)、broflanilide、溴螨酯(bromopropylate)、喹菌酮(chinomethionat)、冰晶石(cryolite)、dicloromezotiaz、三氯杀螨醇(dicofol)、嘧虫胺(flufenerim)、flometoquin、氟噻虫砜(fluensulfone)、fluhexafon、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、fluralaner、虫酮(metoxadiazone)、增效醚(piperonyl butoxide)、pyflubumide、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)、tioxazafen,M.UN.3:11-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-12-羟基-1,4-二氧杂-9-氮杂二螺[4.2.4.2]十四碳-11-烯-10-酮,
M.UN.4:3-(4’-氟-2,4-二甲基联苯-3-基)-4-羟基-8-氧杂-1-氮杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-2-酮,
M.UN.5:1-[2-氟-4-甲基-5-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)亚磺酰基]苯基]-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-胺,或基于坚强芽孢杆菌(bacillus firmus)的活性物(Votivo,I-1582);
M.UN.6:flupyrimin;
M.UN.8:三氟咪啶酰胺(fluazaindolizine);M.UN.9.a):4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4H-异唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-(1-氧代硫杂丁环-3-基)苯甲酰胺;M.UN.9.b):fluxametamide;M.UN.10:5-[3-[2,6-二氯-4-(3,3-二氯烯丙氧基)苯氧基]丙氧基]-1H-吡唑;
M.UN.11.b)3-(苯甲酰基甲基氨基)-N-[2-溴-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-六氟-1-(三氟甲基)丙基]-6-(三氟甲基)苯基]-2-氟苯甲酰胺;M.UN.11.c)3-(苯甲酰基甲基氨基)-2-氟-N-[2-碘-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]-6-(三氟甲基)苯基]苯甲酰胺;M.UN.11.d)N-[3-[[[2-碘-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]-6-(三氟甲基)苯基]氨基]羰基]苯基]-N-甲基苯甲酰胺;M.UN.11.e)N-[3-[[[2-溴-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]-6-(三氟甲基)苯基]氨基]羰基]-2-氟苯基]-4-氟-N-甲基苯甲酰胺;M.UN.11.f)4-氟-N-[2-氟-3-[[[2-碘-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]-6-(三氟甲基)苯基]氨基]羰基]苯基]-N-甲基苯甲酰胺;M.UN.11.g)3-氟-N-[2-氟-3-[[[2-碘-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]-6-(三氟甲基)苯基]氨基]羰基]苯基]-N-甲基苯甲酰胺;M.UN.11.h)2-氯-N-[3-[[[2-碘-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]-6-(三氟甲基)苯基]氨基]羰基]苯基]-3-吡啶甲酰胺;M.UN.11.i)4-氰基-N-[2-氰基-5-[[2,6-二溴-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-六氟-1-(三氟甲基)丙基]苯基]氨基甲酰基]苯基]-2-甲基苯甲酰胺;M.UN.11.j)4-氰基-3-[(4-氰基-2-甲基苯甲酰基)氨基]-N-[2,6-二氯-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-六氟-1-(三氟甲基)丙基]苯基]-2-氟苯甲酰胺;
M.UN.11.k)N-[5-[[2-氯-6-氰基-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-六氟-1-(三氟甲基)丙基]苯基]氨基甲酰基]-2-氰基苯基]-4-氰基-2-甲基苯甲酰胺;
M.UN.11.l)N-[5-[[2-溴-6-氯-4-[2,2,2-三氟-1-羟基-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]苯基]氨基甲酰基]-2-氰基苯基]-4-氰基-2-甲基苯甲酰胺;
M.UN.11.m)N-[5-[[2-溴-6-氯-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-六氟-1-(三氟甲基)丙基]苯基]氨基甲酰基]-2-氰基苯基]-4-氰基-2-甲基苯甲酰胺;
M.UN.11.n)4-氰基-N-[2-氰基-5-[[2,6-二氯-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-六氟-1-(三氟甲基)丙基]苯基]氨基甲酰基]苯基]-2-甲基苯甲酰胺;
M.UN.11.o)4-氰基-N-[2-氰基-5-[[2,6-二氯-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]苯基]氨基甲酰基]苯基]-2-甲基苯甲酰胺;
M.UN.11.p)N-[5-[[2-溴-6-氯-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]苯基]氨基甲酰基]-2-氰基苯基]-4-氰基-2-甲基苯甲酰胺;或者M.UN.12.a)2-(1,3-二烷-2-基)-6-[2-(3-吡啶基)-5-噻唑基]吡啶;
M.UN.12.b)2-[6-[2-(5-氟-3-吡啶基)-5-噻唑基]-2-吡啶基]嘧啶;
M.UN.12.c)2-[6-[2-(3-吡啶基)-5-噻唑基]-2-吡啶基]嘧啶;
M.UN.12.d)N-甲基磺酰基-6-[2-(3-吡啶基)噻唑-5-基]吡啶-2-甲酰胺;M.UN.12.e)N-甲基磺酰基-6-[2-(3-吡啶基)噻唑-5-基]吡啶-2-甲酰胺;M.UN.12.f)N-乙基-N-[4-甲基-2-(3-吡啶基)噻唑-5-基]-3-甲硫基丙酰胺;M.UN.12.g)N-甲基-N-[4-甲基-2-(3-吡啶基)噻唑-5-基]-3-甲硫基丙酰胺;M.UN.12.h)N,2-二甲基-N-[4-甲基-2-(3-吡啶基)噻唑-5-基]-3-甲硫基丙酰胺;M.UN.12.i)N-乙基-2-甲基-N-[4-甲基-2-(3-吡啶基)噻唑-5-基]-3-甲硫基丙酰胺;M.UN.12.j)
N-[4-氯-2-(3-吡啶基)噻唑-5-基]-N-乙基-2-甲基-3-甲硫基丙酰胺;
M.UN.12.k)N-[4-氯-2-(3-吡啶基)噻唑-5-基]-N,2-二甲基-3-甲硫基丙酰胺;M.UN.12.l)N-[4-氯-2-(3-吡啶基)噻唑-5-基]-N-甲基-3-甲硫基丙酰胺;M.UN.12.m)N-[4-氯-2-(3-吡啶基)噻唑-5-基]-N-乙基-3-甲硫基丙酰胺;
M.UN.14a)1-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲基]-1,2,3,5,6,7-六氢-5-甲氧基-7-甲基-8-硝基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶;或者M.UN.14b)1-[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基]-7-甲基-8-硝基-1,2,3,5,6,7-六氢咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-5-醇;
M.UN.16a)1-异丙基-N,5-二甲基-N-哒嗪-4-基吡唑-4-甲酰胺;或者
M.UN.16b)1-(1,2-二甲基丙基)-N-乙基-5-甲基-N-哒嗪-4-基吡唑-4-甲酰胺;M.UN.16c)N,5-二甲基-N-哒嗪-4-基-1-(2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基乙基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺;M.UN.16d)1-[1-(1-氰基环丙基)乙基]-N-乙基-5-甲基-N-哒嗪-4-基吡唑-4-甲酰胺;M.UN.16e)N-乙基-1-(2-氟-1-甲基丙基)-5-甲基-N-哒嗪-4-基吡唑-4-甲酰胺;
M.UN.16f)1-(1,2-二甲基丙基)-N,5-二甲基-N-哒嗪-4-基吡唑-4-甲酰胺;M.UN.16g)1-[1-(1-氰基环丙基)乙基]-N,5-二甲基-N-哒嗪-4-基吡唑-4-甲酰胺;M.UN.16h)N-甲基-1-(2-氟-1-甲基丙基]-5-甲基-N-哒嗪-4-基吡唑-4-甲酰胺;M.UN.16i)1-(4,4-二氟环己基)-N-乙基-5-甲基-N-哒嗪-4-基吡唑-4-甲酰胺;或者M.UN.16j)
1-(4,4-二氟环己基)-N,5-二甲基-N-哒嗪-4-基吡唑-4-甲酰胺,M.UN.17a)N-(1-甲基乙基)-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺;M.UN.17b)
N-环丙基-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺;M.UN.17c)N-环己基-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺;M.UN.17d)2-(3-吡啶基)-N-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺;M.UN.17e)2-(3-吡啶基)-N-[(四氢-2-呋喃基)甲基]-2H-吲唑-5-甲酰胺;M.UN.17f)
2-[[2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-5-基]羰基]肼甲酸甲酯;M.UN.17g)
N-[(2,2-二氟环丙基)甲基]-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-5-甲酰胺;
M.UN.17h)N-(2,2-二氟丙基)-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-5-甲酰胺;
M.UN.17i)2-(3-吡啶基)-N-(2-嘧啶基甲基)-2H-吲唑-5-甲酰胺;
M.UN.17j)N-[(5-甲基-2-吡嗪基)甲基]-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-5-甲酰胺,
M.UN.18a)N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-(3,3,3-三氟丙硫基)丙酰胺;M.UN.18b)N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-(3,3,3-三氟丙基亚磺酰基)丙酰胺;M.UN.18c)N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)吡唑-4-基]-3-[(2,2-二氟环丙基)甲硫基]-N-乙基丙酰胺;M.UN.18d)N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)吡唑-4-基]-3-[(2,2-二氟环丙基)甲基亚磺酰基]-N-乙基丙酰胺;
M.UN.19sarolaner,M.UN.20lotilaner;
M.UN.21N-[4-氯-3-[[(苯基甲基)氨基]羰基]苯基]-1-甲基-3-(1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙基)-4-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺;M.UN.22a 2-(3-乙基磺酰基-2-吡啶基)-3-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶,或M.UN.22b 2-[3-乙基磺酰基-5-(三氟甲基)-2-吡啶基]-3-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶;
M.UN.23a 4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4H-异唑-3-基]-N-[(4R)-2-乙基-3-氧代异唑烷-4-基]-2-甲基苯甲酰胺,或M.UN.23b 4-[5-(3,5-二氯-4-氟苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4H-异唑-3-基]-N-[(4R)-2-乙基-3-氧代异唑烷-4-基]-2-甲基苯甲酰胺;
M.UN.24a)N-[4-氯-3-(环丙基氨基甲酰基)苯基]-2-甲基-5-(1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙基)-4-(三氟甲基)吡唑-3-甲酰胺或M.UN.24b)N-[4-氯-3-[(1-氰基环丙基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]-2-甲基-5-(1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙基)-4-(三氟甲基)吡唑-3-甲酰胺;M.UN.25acynonapyr;M.UN.26benzpyrimoxan;M.UN.27 2-氯-N-(1-氰基环丙基)-5-[1-[2-甲基-5-(1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙基)-4-(三氟甲基)吡唑-3-基]吡唑-4-基]苯甲酰胺;M.29.28oxazosulfyl(2-(3-乙基磺酰基-2-吡啶基)-5-(三氟甲基磺酰基)-1,3-苯并唑);
A)呼吸抑制剂
-Qo位点的配合物III抑制剂:腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)(A.1.1)、甲香菌酯(coumethoxystrobin)(A.1.2)、丁香菌酯(coumoxystrobin)(A.1.3)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)(A.1.4)、烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)(A.1.5)、烯肟菌胺(fenaminstrobin)(A.1.6)、fenoxystrobin/氟菌螨酯(flufenoxystrobin)(A.1.7)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)(A.1.8)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)(A.1.9)、mandestrobin(A.1.10)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)(A.1.11)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)(A.1.12)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)(A.1.13)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)(A.1.14)、唑胺菌酯(pyrametostrobin)(A.1.15)、唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)(A.1.16)、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)(A.1.17)、2-(2-(3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-1-甲基-亚烯丙基氨基氧甲基)苯基)-2-甲氧亚氨基-N-甲基乙酰胺(A.1.18)、pyribencarb(A.1.19)、氯啶菌酯(triclopyricarb)/chlorodincarb(A.1.20)、唑酮菌(famoxadone)(A.1.21)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)(A.1.21)、N-[2-[(1,4-二甲基-5-苯基吡唑-3-基)氧基甲基]苯基]-N-甲氧基氨基甲酸甲酯(A.1.22)、1-[3-氯-2-[[1-(4-氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]氧基甲基]苯基]-4-甲基四唑-5-酮(A.1.23)、1-[3-溴-2-[[1-(4-氯苯基)吡唑-3-基]氧基甲基]苯基]-4-甲基四唑-5-酮(A.1.24)、1-[2-[[1-(4-氯苯基)吡唑-3-基]氧基甲基]-3-甲基苯基]-4-甲基四唑-5-酮(A.1.25)、1-[2-[[1-(4-氯苯基)吡唑-3-基]氧基甲基]-3-氟苯基]-4-甲基四唑-5-酮(A.1.26)、1-[2-[[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)吡唑-3-基]氧基甲基]-3-氟苯基]-4-甲基四唑-5-酮(A.1.27)、1-[3-环丙基-2-[[2-甲基-4-(1-甲基吡唑-3-基)苯氧基]甲基]苯基]-4-甲基四唑-5-酮(A.1.30)、1-[3-二氟甲氧基-2-[[2-甲基-4-(1-甲基吡唑-3-基)苯氧基]甲基]苯基]-4-甲基四唑-5-酮(A.1.31)、1-甲基-4-[3-甲基-2-[[2-甲基-4-(1-甲基吡唑-3-基)苯氧基]甲基]苯基]四唑-5-酮(A.1.32)、(Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)吡唑-3-基]氧基-2-甲氧亚氨基-N,3-二甲基戊-3-烯酰胺(A.1.34),(Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-氯苯基)吡唑-3-基]氧基-2-甲氧亚氨基-N,3-二甲基戊-3-烯酰胺(A.1.35)、嘧螨胺(pyriminostrobin)(A.1.36)、吡氟菌酯(bifujunzhi)(A.1.37)、2-(邻-((2,5-二甲基苯基氧亚甲基)苯基)-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(A.1.38);
-Qi位点的配合物III抑制剂:氰霜唑(cyazofamid)(A.2.1)、吲唑磺菌胺(amisulbrom)(A.2.2)、2-甲基丙酸[(6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-[(3-羟基-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-羰基)氨基]-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧壬环-7-基]酯(A.2.3)、fenpicoxamid(A.2.4);
-配合物II抑制剂:麦锈灵(benodanil)(A.3.1)、苯并烯氟菌唑(benzovindiflupyr)(A.3.2)、联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)(A.3.3)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)(A.3.4)、萎锈灵(carboxin)(A.3.5)、呋菌胺(fenfuram)(A.3.6)、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)(A.3.7)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)(A.3.8)、氟唑菌酰胺(fluxapyroxad)(A.3.9)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)(A.3.10)、isofetamid(A.3.11)、吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(A.3.12)、丙氧灭绣胺(mepronil)(A.3.13)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)(A.3.14)、氟唑菌苯胺(penflufen)(A.3.15)、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)(A.3.16)、氟唑菌酰羟胺(pydiflumetofen)(A.3.17)、pyraziflumid(A.3.18)、氟唑环菌胺(sedaxane)(A.3.19)、叶枯酞(tecloftalam)(A.3.20)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)(A.3.21)、3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺(A.3.22)、3-(三氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺(A.3.23)、1,3-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺(A.3.24)、3-(三氟甲基)-1,5-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺(A.3.25)、1,3,5-三甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺(A.3.26)、3-(二氟甲基)-1,5-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺(A.3.27)、3-(二氟甲基)-N-(7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)-1-甲基吡唑-4-甲酰胺(A.3.28)、N-[(5-氯-2-异丙基苯基)甲基]-N-环丙基-5-氟-1,3-二甲基吡唑-4-甲酰胺(A.3.29)、(E)-2-[2-[(5-氰基-2-甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基]-3-甲氧基丙-2-烯酸甲酯(A.3.30)、N-[(5-氯-2-异丙基苯基)甲基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基吡唑-4-甲酰胺(A.3.31)、2-(二氟甲基)-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡啶-3-甲酰胺(A.3.32)、2-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(A.3.33)、2-(二氟甲基)-N-(3-乙基-1,1-二甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡啶-3-甲酰胺(A.3.34)、2-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3R)-3-乙基-1,1-二甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(A.3.35)、2-(二氟甲基)-N-(1,1-二甲基-3-丙基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡啶-3-甲酰胺(A.3.36)、2-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3R)-1,1-二甲基-3-丙基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(A.3.37)、2-(二氟甲基)-N-(3-异丁基-1,1-二甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基)吡啶-3-甲酰胺(A.3.38)、2-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3R)-3-异丁基-1,1-二甲基-2,3-二氢化茚-4-基]吡啶-3-甲酰胺(A.3.39);
-其他呼吸抑制剂:二氟林(diflumetorim)(A.4.1);硝基苯基衍生物:乐杀螨(binapacryl)(A.4.2)、敌螨通(dinobuton)(A.4.3)、敌螨普(dinocap)(A.4.4)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)(A.4.5)、消螨多(meptyldinocap)(A.4.6)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)(A.4.7);有机金属化合物:三苯锡基盐,如薯瘟锡(fentin-acetate)(A.4.8)、三苯锡氯(fentinchloride)(A.4.9)或毒菌锡(fentin hydroxide)(A.4.10);ametoctradin(A.4.11);硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)(A.4.12);
B)甾醇生物合成抑制剂(SBI杀真菌剂)
-C14脱甲基酶抑制剂:三唑类:戊环唑(azaconazole)(B.1.1)、双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)(B.1.2)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)(B.1.3)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)(B.1.4)、醚唑(difenoconazole)(B.1.5)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)(B.1.6)、烯唑醇M(diniconazole-M)(B.1.7)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)(B.1.8)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)(B.1.9)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)(B.1.10)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)(B.1.11)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)(B.1.12)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)(B.1.13)、酰胺唑(imibenconazole)(B.1.14)、环戊唑醇(ipconazole)(B.1.15)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)(B.1.17)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)(B.1.18)、oxpoconazole(B.1.19)、多效唑(paclobutrazole)(B.1.20)、戊菌唑(penconazole)(B.1.21)、丙环唑(propiconazole)(B.1.22)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)(B.1.23)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)(B.1.24)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)(B.1.25)、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)(B.1.26)、三唑酮(triadimefon)(B.1.27)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)(B.1.28)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)(B.1.29)、烯效唑(uniconazole)(B.1.30)、ipfentrifluconazole(B.1.37)、氯氟醚菌唑(mefentrifluconazole)(B.1.38)、2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-5-(对甲苯基甲基)-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)环戊醇(B.1.43);咪唑类:抑霉唑(imazalil)(B.1.44)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)(B.1.45)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)(B.1.46)、氟菌唑(triflumizol)(B.1.47);嘧啶类、吡啶类和哌嗪类:异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)(B.1.49)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)(B.1.50)、嗪氨灵(triforine)(B.1.51)、[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)异唑-4-基]-(3-吡啶基)甲醇(B.1.52);
-Δ14-还原酶抑制剂:4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)(B.2.1)、吗菌灵(dodemorph)(B.2.2)、吗菌灵乙酸酯(dodemorph-acetate)(B.2.3)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)(B.2.4)、克啉菌(tridemorph)(B.2.5)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)(B.2.6)、粉病灵(piperalin)(B.2.7)、螺茂胺(spiroxamine)(B.2.8);
-3-酮基还原酶抑制剂:环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)(B.3.1);
-其他甾醇生物合成抑制剂:氯苯肟唑(chlorphenomizole)(B.4.1);
C)核酸合成抑制剂
-苯基酰胺类或酰基氨基酸类杀真菌剂:苯霜灵(benalaxyl)(C.1.1)、精苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M)(C.1.2)、kiralaxyl(C.1.3)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)(C.1.4)、精甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)(C.1.5)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)(C.1.6)、霜灵(oxadixyl)(C.1.7);
-其他核酸合成抑制剂:土菌消(hymexazole)(C.2.1)、异噻菌酮(octhilinone)(C.2.2)、恶喹酸(oxolinic acid)(C.2.3)、磺嘧菌灵(bupirimate)(C.2.4)、5-氟胞嘧啶(C.2.5)、5-氟-2-(对甲苯基甲氧基)嘧啶-4-胺(C.2.6)、5-氟-2-(4-氟苯基甲氧基)嘧啶-4-胺(C.2.7)、5-氟-2-(4-氯苯基甲氧基)嘧啶-4-胺(C.2.8);
D)细胞分裂和细胞骨架抑制剂
-微管蛋白抑制剂:苯菌灵(benomyl)(D.1.1)、多菌灵(carbendazim)(D.1.2)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)(D1.3)、涕必灵(thiabendazole)(D.1.4)、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl)(D.1.5)、3-氯-4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-6-甲基-5-苯基哒嗪(D.1.6)、3-氯-6-甲基-5-苯基-4-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)哒嗪(D.1.7)、N-乙基-2-[(3-乙炔基-8-甲基-6-喹啉基)氧基]丁酰胺(D.1.8)、N-乙基-2-[(3-乙炔基-8-甲基-6-喹啉基)氧基]-2-甲硫基乙酰胺(D.1.9)、2-[(3-乙炔基-8-甲基-6-喹啉基)氧基]-N-(2-氟乙基)丁酰胺(D.1.10)、2-[(3-乙炔基-8-甲基-6-喹啉基)氧基]-N-(2-氟乙基)-2-甲氧基乙酰胺(D.1.11)、2-[(3-乙炔基-8-甲基-6-喹啉基)氧基]-N-丙基丁酰胺(D.1.12)、2-[(3-乙炔基-8-甲基-6-喹啉基)氧基]-2-甲氧基-N-丙基乙酰胺(D.1.13)、2-[(3-乙炔基-8-甲基-6-喹啉基)氧基]-2-甲硫基-N-丙基乙酰胺(D.1.14)、2-[(3-乙炔基-8-甲基-6-喹啉基)氧基]-N-(2-氟乙基)-2-甲硫基乙酰胺(D.1.15)、4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-2,5-二甲基吡唑-3-胺(D.1.16);
-其他细胞分裂抑制剂:乙霉威(diethofencarb)(D.2.1)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)(D.2.2)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)(D.2.3)、氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)(D.2.4)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)(D.2.5)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)(D.2.6)、pyriofenone(D.2.7);
E)氨基酸和蛋白质合成抑制剂
-蛋氨酸合成抑制剂:环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil)(E.1.1)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)(E.1.2)、二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil)(E.1.3);
-蛋白质合成抑制剂:灭瘟素(blasticidin-S)(E.2.1)、春雷素(kasugamycin)(E.2.2)、水合春雷素(kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate)(E.2.3)、米多霉素(mildiomycin)(E.2.4)、链霉素(streptomycin)(E.2.5)、土霉素(oxytetracyclin)(E.2.6);
F)信号转导抑制剂
-MAP/组氨酸激酶抑制剂:氟菌安(fluoroimid)(F.1.1)、异丙定(iprodione)(F.1.2)、杀菌利(procymidone)(F.1.3)、烯菌酮(vinclozolin)(F.1.4)、氟菌(fludioxonil)(F.1.5);
-G蛋白抑制剂:喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)(F.2.1);
G)类脂和膜合成抑制剂
-磷脂生物合成抑制剂:克瘟散(edifenphos)(G.1.1)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)(G.1.2)、定菌磷(pyrazophos)(G.1.3)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)(G.1.4);
-类脂过氧化:氯硝胺(dicloran)(G.2.1)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)(G.2.2)、四氯硝基苯(tecnazene)(G.2.3)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)(G.2.4)、联苯(G.2.5)、地茂散(chloroneb)(G.2.6)、氯唑灵(etridiazole)(G.2.7);
-磷脂生物合成和细胞壁沉积:烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)(G.3.1)、氟吗啉(flumorph)(G.3.2)、双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamid)(G.3.3)、丁吡吗啉(pyrimorph)(G.3.4)、苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)(G.3.5)、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)(G.3.6)、valifenalate(G.3.7);
-影响细胞膜渗透性的化合物和脂肪酸:百维灵(propamocarb)(G.4.1);
-氧化甾醇结合蛋白抑制剂:oxathiapiprolin(G.5.1)、甲磺酸2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-二(二氟甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-唑-5-基}苯基酯(G.5.2)、甲磺酸2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-唑-5-基}-3-氯苯基酯(G.5.3)、4-[1-[2-[3-(二氟甲基)-5-甲基吡唑-1-基]乙酰基]-4-哌啶基]-N-四氢萘-1-基吡啶-2-甲酰胺(G.5.4)、4-[1-[2-[3,5-二(二氟甲基)吡唑-1-基]乙酰基]-4-哌啶基]-N-四氢萘-1-基吡啶-2-甲酰胺(G.5.5)、4-[1-[2-[3-(二氟甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡唑-1-基]乙酰基]-4-哌啶基]-N-四氢萘-1-基吡啶-2-甲酰胺(G.5.6)、4-[1-[2-[5-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)吡唑-1-基]乙酰基]-4-哌啶基]-N-四氢萘-1-基吡啶-2-甲酰胺(G.5.7)、4-[1-[2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)吡唑-1-基]乙酰基]-4-哌啶基]-N-四氢萘-1-基吡啶-2-甲酰胺(G.5.8)、4-[1-[2-[5-(二氟甲基)-3-(三氟甲基)吡唑-1-基]乙酰基]-4-哌啶基]-N-四氢萘-1-基吡啶-2-甲酰胺(G.5.9)、4-[1-[2-[3,5-二(三氟甲基)吡唑-1-基]乙酰基]-4-哌啶基]-N-四氢萘-1-基吡啶-2-甲酰胺(G.5.10)、(4-[1-[2-[5-环丙基-3-(三氟甲基)吡唑-1-基]乙酰基]-4-哌啶基]-N-四氢萘-1-基吡啶-2-甲酰胺(G.5.11);
H)具有多位点作用的抑制剂
-无机活性物质:波尔多液(Bordeaux混合物)(H.1.1)、铜(H.1.2)、醋酸铜(H.1.3)、氢氧化铜(H.1.4)、王铜(copper oxychloride)(H.1.5)、碱式硫酸铜(H.1.6)、硫(H.1.7);
-硫代-和二硫代氨基甲酸酯类:福美铁(ferbam)(H.2.1)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)(H.2.2)、代森锰(maneb)(H.2.3)、威百亩(metam)(H.2.4)、代森联(metiram)(H.2.5)、甲基代森锌(propineb)(H.2.6)、福美双(thiram)(H.2.7)、代森锌(zineb)(H.2.8)、福美锌(ziram)(H.2.9);
-有机氯化合物:敌菌灵(anilazine)(H.3.1)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)(H.3.2)、敌菌丹(captafol)(H.3.3)、克菌丹(captan)(H.3.4)、灭菌丹(folpet)(H.3.5)、抑菌灵(dichlofluanid)(H.3.6)、双氯酚(dichlorophen)(H.3.7)、六氯苯(H.3.8)、五氯酚(pentachlorphenole)(H.3.9)及其盐、四氯苯酞(phthalide)(H.3.10)、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid)(H.3.11);
-胍类及其他:胍(H.4.1)、多果定(H.4.2)、多果定游离碱(H.4.3)、双胍盐(guazatine)(H.4.4)、双胍辛胺(guazatine-acetate)(H.4.5)、双胍辛醋酸盐(iminoctadine)(H.4.6)、双胍辛胺三乙酸盐(iminoctadine-triacetate)(H.4.7)、双八胍盐(iminoctadine-tris(albesilate))(H.4.8)、二噻农(dithianon)(H.4.9)、2,6-二甲基-1H,5H-[1,4]二噻二烯并[2,3-c:5,6-c']联吡咯-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-四酮(H.4.10);
I)细胞壁合成抑制剂
-葡聚糖合成抑制剂:井冈霉素(validamycin)(I.1.1)、多氧霉素(polyoxin B)(I.1.2);
-黑素合成抑制剂:咯喹酮(pyroquilon)(I.2.1)、三环唑(tricyclazole)(I.2.2)、氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid)(I.2.3)、双氯氰菌胺(dicyclomet)(I.2.4)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil)(I.2.5);
J)植物防御诱发剂
-噻二唑素(acibenzolar-S-methyl)(J.1.1)、噻菌灵(probenazole)(J.1.2)、异噻菌胺(isotianil)(J.1.3)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)(J.1.4)、调环酸钙(prohexadione-calcium)(J.1.5);膦酸酯类:藻菌磷(fosetyl)(J.1.6)、乙磷铝(fosetyl-aluminum)(J.1.7)、亚磷酸及其盐(J.1.8)、膦酸钙(J.1.11)、膦酸钾(J.1.12)、碳酸氢钾或钠(J.1.9)、4-环丙基-N-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)噻二唑-5-甲酰胺(J.1.10);
K)未知作用模式
-拌棉醇(bronopol)(K.1.1)、灭螨蜢(chinomethionat)(K.1.2)、环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)(K.1.3)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)(K.1.4)、棉隆(dazomet)(K.1.5)、咪菌威(debacarb)(K.1.6)、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)(K.1.7)、哒菌清(diclomezine)(K.1.8)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)(K.1.9)、野燕枯甲基硫酸酯(difenzoquat-methylsulfate)(K.1.10)、二苯胺(K.1.11)、杀螟松(fenitropan)(K.1.12)、胺苯吡菌酮(fenpyrazamine)(K.1.13)、氟联苯菌(flumetover)(K.1.14)、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)(K.1.15)、flutianil(K.1.16)、超敏蛋白(harpin)(K.1.17)、磺菌威(methasulfocarb)(K.1.18)、氯定(nitrapyrin)(K.1.19)、异丙消(nitrothal-isopropyl)(K.1.20)、tolprocarb(K.1.21)、喹啉铜(oxin-copper)(K.1.22)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)(K.1.23)、tebufloquin(K.1.24)、叶枯酞(K.1.25)、唑菌嗪(triazoxide)(K.1.26)、N'-(4-(4-氯-3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒(K.1.27)、N'-(4-(4-氟-3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基
-N-甲基甲脒(K.1.28)、N'-[4-[[3-[(4-氯苯基)甲基]-1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基]
氧基]-2,5-二甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒(K.1.29)、N'-(5-溴-6-2,3-二氢化茚-2-基氧基-2-甲基-3-吡啶基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒(K.1.30)、N'-[5-溴-6-[1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基-3-吡啶基]-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒(K.1.31)、N'-[5-溴-6-(4-异丙基环己氧基)-2-甲基-3-吡啶基]-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒(K.1.32)、N'-[5-溴-2-甲基-6-(1-苯基乙氧基)-3-吡啶基]-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒(K.1.33)、N'-(2-甲基-5-三氟甲基
-4-(3-三甲基硅烷基丙氧基)苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒(K.1.34)、N'-(5-二氟甲基-2-甲基-4-(3-三甲基硅烷基丙氧基)苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒(K.1.35)、2-(4-氯苯基)-N-[4-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)异唑-5-基]-2-丙-2-炔氧基乙酰胺(K.1.36)、3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2,3-二甲基异
唑烷-3-基]吡啶(pyrisoxazole)(K.1.37)、3-[5-(4-甲基苯基)-2,3-二甲基异唑烷-3-基]吡啶(K.1.38)、5-氯-1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑(K.1.39)、(Z)-3-氨基-2-氰基-3-苯基丙-2-烯酸乙酯(K.1.40)、picarbutrazox(K.1.41)、N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-甲基四唑-5-基)苯基亚甲基]氨基]氧基甲基]-2-吡啶基]氨基甲酸戊酯(K.1.42)、N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-甲基四唑-5-基)苯基亚甲基]氨基]氧基甲基]-2-吡啶基]
氨基甲酸丁-3-炔基酯(K.1.43)、2-[2-[(7,8-二氟-2-甲基-3-喹啉基)氧基]-6-氟苯基]丙-2-醇(K.1.44)、2-[2-氟-6-[(8-氟-2-甲基-3-喹啉基)氧基]苯基]丙-2-醇(K.1.45)、quinofumelin(K.1.47)、9-氟-2,2-二甲基-5-(3-喹啉基)-3H-1,4-苯并氧氮杂(K.1.49)、2-(6-苄基-2-吡啶基)喹唑啉(K.1.50)、2-[6-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-2-吡啶基]喹唑啉(K.1.51)、dichlobentiazox(K.1.52)、N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-苯氧基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒(K.1.53);
dipymetitrone、isoflucypram、fluindapyr、inpyrfluxam、pyrifenamine。
上面所列M组市售化合物可以在The Pesticide Manual,第17版,C.MacBean,British Crop Protection Council(2015)连同其他出版物中找到。在线农药手册定期更新并且可以通过http://bcpcdata.com/pesticide-manual.html见到。
提供ISO通用名的另一农药在线数据库是http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides。
M.4环氧虫啶由WO2010/069266和WO2011/069456已知。M.4A.1由CN 103814937、CN105367557、CN 105481839已知。M.4A.2戊吡虫胍(guadipyr)由WO 2013/003977已知且M.4A.3(在中国被批准为哌虫啶)由WO 2007/101369已知。M.22B.1描述于CN10171577且M.22B.2描述于CN102126994中。Spiropidion M.23.1由WO 2014/191271已知。M.28.1和M.28.2由WO 2007/101540已知。M.28.3描述于WO2005/077934中。M.28.4描述于WO2007/043677中。M.28.5a)-M.28.5d)和M.28.5h)描述于WO 2007/006670、WO 2013/024009和WO2013/024010中,M.28.5i)描述于WO2011/085575中,M.28.5j)描述于WO 2008/134969中,M.28.5k)描述于US 2011/046186中且M.28.5l)描述于WO 2012/034403中。M.28.6可以在WO2012/034472中找到。M.UN.3由WO 2006/089633已知且M.UN.4由WO2008/067911已知。M.UN.5描述于WO 2006/043635中且基于坚强芽孢杆菌的生物控制剂描述于WO2009/124707中。Flupyrimin描述于WO2012/029672中。M.UN.8由WO 2013/055584已知。M.UN.9.a)描述于WO2013/050317中。M.UN.9.b)描述于WO 2014/126208中。M.UN.10由WO2010/060379已知。Broflanilide和M.UN.11.b)-M.UN.11.h)描述于WO2010/018714中并且M.UN.11i)-M.UN.11.p)描述于WO 2010/127926中。M.UN.12.a)-M.UN.12.c)由WO 2010/006713已知,M.UN.12.d)和M.UN.12.e)由WO 2012/000896已知并且M.UN.12.f)-M.UN.12.m)由WO2010/129497已知。M.UN.14a)和M.UN.14b)由WO 2007/101369已知。M.UN.16.a)-M.UN.16h)分别描述于WO 2010/034737、WO 2012/084670和WO 2012/143317中并且M.UN.16i)和M.UN.16j)描述于WO 2015/055497中。M.UN.17a)-M.UN.17.j)描述于WO 2015/038503中。M.UN.18a)-M.UN.18d)描述于US2014/0213448中。M.UN.19描述于WO2014/036056中。M.UN.20由WO2014/090918已知。M.UN.21由EP2910126已知。M.UN.22a和M.UN.22b由WO 2015/059039和WO2015/190316已知。M.UN.23a和M.UN.23b由WO 2013/050302已知。M.UN.24a和M.UN.24b由WO 2012/126766已知。Acynonapyr M.UN.25由WO 2011/105506已知。BenzpyrimoxanM.UN.26由WO 2016/104516已知。M.UN.27由WO 2016174049已知。化合物M.29.28由WO2017104592已知。
由IUPAC命名法所述的杀真菌剂、其制备及其农药活性也是已知的(参见Can.J.Plant Sci.48(6),587-94,1968;EP-A 141 317;EP-A 152 031;EP-A 226 917;EP-A243 970;EP-A 256 503;EP-A 428 941;EP-A 532 022;EP-A 1 028 125;EP-A 1 035 122;EP-A 1 201 648;EP-A 1 122 244,JP 2002316902;DE 19650197;DE 10021412;DE102005009458;US 3,296,272;US 3,325,503;WO 98/46608;WO 99/14187;WO 99/24413;WO99/27783;WO 00/29404;WO 00/46148;WO 00/65913;WO 01/54501;WO 01/56358;WO 02/22583;WO 02/40431;WO 03/10149;WO 03/11853;WO 03/14103;WO 03/16286;WO 03/53145;WO 03/61388;WO 03/66609;WO 03/74491;WO 04/49804;WO 04/83193;WO 05/120234;WO 05/123689;WO 05/123690;WO 05/63721;WO 05/87772;WO 05/87773;WO 06/15866;WO 06/87325;WO 06/87343;WO 07/82098;WO 07/90624,WO 10/139271,WO 11/028657,WO2012/168188,WO2007/006670,WO 2011/77514;WO13/047749,WO 10/069882,WO13/047441,WO 03/16303,WO 09/90181,WO 13/007767,WO 13/010862,WO 13/127704,WO13/024009,WO 13/024010和WO 13/047441,WO 13/162072,WO 13/092224,WO 11/135833),CN 1907024,CN 1456054,CN 103387541,CN 1309897,WO 12/84812,CN 1907024,WO09094442,WO 14/60177,WO 13/116251,WO 08/013622,WO 15/65922,WO 94/01546,EP2865265,WO 07/129454,WO 12/165511,WO 11/081174,WO 13/47441)。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及如下的混合物,包含如上所述的式(I)化合物,尤其是化合物I-1或I-R-1,以及至少一种为四聚乙醛(metaaldehyde),尤其是颗粒状四聚乙醛的化合物II。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及如下的混合物,包含如上所述的式(I)化合物,尤其是化合物I-1或I-R-1,以及至少一种选自甲噻诱胺(methiadinil)、蒽醌类、β-氨基丁酸、昆布多糖、脱乙酰壳多糖、硫胺素和核黄素的化合物II。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及如下的本发明方法,其中施用的混合物包含如上所述的式(I)化合物,尤其是化合物I-1或I-R-1,以及至少一种选自羟烯腺嘌呤(也称为玉米素)、激动素(羟)烯腺嘌呤、油菜素内酯(brassinolides)、苦皮藤(Celastrusangulatus)的杀虫提取物、苦参碱、蛇床素、土霉素的化合物II。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及如下的混合物,包含如上所述的非外消旋的式(I)化合物,尤其是具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1,以及至少一种为四聚乙醛,尤其是颗粒状四聚乙醛的化合物II。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及如下的混合物,包含如上所述的非外消旋的式(I)化合物,尤其是具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1,以及至少一种选自甲噻诱胺、蒽醌类、β-氨基丁酸、昆布多糖、脱乙酰壳多糖、硫胺素和核黄素的化合物II。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及如下的本发明方法,其中施用的混合物包含如上所定义的非外消旋的式(I)化合物,尤其是具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1,以及至少一种选自羟烯腺嘌呤(也称为玉米素)、激动素(羟)烯腺嘌呤、油菜素内酯、苦皮藤的杀虫提取物、苦参碱、蛇床素、土霉素的化合物II。
本发明涉及至少一种本发明化合物I或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的式(I-R)或(I-S)化合物的式(I)化合物作为组分I与至少一种如上所定义的混合配对II的混合物。在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种组分I与一种如上所定义的混合配对II作为组分II的二元混合物。
该类二元混合物的优选重量比为10000:1-1:10000,优选7000:1-1:7000,还优选5000:1-1:5000,还优选1000:1-1:1000,更优选100:1-1:100,还更优选70:1-1:70,特别优选25:1-1:25,还特别优选10:1-1:10。在该类二元混合物中,组分I和II可以以相等量使用,或者可以使用过量的组分I或过量的组分II。
在本发明的混合物中,各成分可以顺序使用或者相互组合使用,合适的话还可以在紧临使用前加入(桶混合)。例如,可以在用组分I处理之前或之后用化合物II喷雾植物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是式(I)化合物,优选(I-R),优选化合物I-1、I-R-1、I-2或I-R-2与选自苯菌灵、多菌灵、氧唑菌、喹唑菌酮、粉唑醇、氟硅唑、环戊唑菌、丙氯灵、丙硫菌唑、戊唑醇、戊叉唑菌、唑菌胺酯、肟菌酯、啶酰菌胺、烯酰吗啉、吡噻菌胺、吗菌灵、唑酮菌、丁苯吗啉、丙氧喹啉、二甲嘧菌胺、克啉菌、代森锰、代森锰锌、代森联、福美双、百菌清、二噻农、磺菌胺、苯菌酮、氟唑菌酰胺、联苯吡菌胺、氟唑菌苯胺、氟唑环菌胺、吡唑萘菌胺、oxazosulfyl的化合物的混合物。尤其优选唑菌胺酯、oxazosulfyl和氟唑菌酰胺。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是式(I)化合物,优选(I-R),优选化合物I-1、I-R-1、I-2或I-R-2与选自吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、氯虫酰胺、氰虫酰胺、乙基多杀菌素、艾克敌105、乙虫腈、锐劲特、三氟苯嘧啶、氟啶虫酰胺、oxazosulfyl和氟氰虫酰胺的化合物的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是式(I)化合物,优选(I-R),优选化合物I-1、I-R-1、I-2或I-R-2与选自噻菌灵、异噻菌胺、三环唑、咯喹酮、稻瘟灵、tolprocarb、氯环丙酰胺、双氯氰菌胺、腈嘧菌酯、oxazosulfyl和肟醚菌胺的化合物的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是式(I)化合物,优选(I-R),优选化合物I-1、I-R-1、I-2或I-R-2与选自呋吡唑灵、溴氟唑菌、硅氟唑、氟唑菌苯胺、腈嘧菌酯、肟醚菌胺的化合物的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是式(I)化合物,优选(I-R),优选化合物I-1、I-R-1、I-2或I-R-2与Oxazosulfyl的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物(I-R)的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1,或式(I-R)化合物,优选化合物I-R-1与选自如下的化合物的混合物:M.2:GABA门控氯离子通道拮抗剂,M.3:钠通道调节剂,M.4:烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体激动剂,M.5:烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体变构活化剂,M.6:选自阿维菌素和米尔倍霉素类别的氯离子通道活化剂,M.9:弦音器官TRPV通道调节剂,M.13:经由质子梯度干扰的氧化磷酸化去偶剂,M.15:类型0几丁质生物合成抑制剂,M.16:类型几丁质生物合成抑制剂,M.22:电压依赖性钠通道阻断剂,M.23:乙酰CoA羧化酶抑制剂,M.28:选自二酰胺类的鱼尼汀(Ryanodine)受体调节剂,M.29:弦音器官调节剂,M.UN.9.b,M.29.28,呼吸抑制剂:Qo位点的配合物III抑制剂,Qi位点的配合物III抑制剂,配合物II抑制剂,甾醇生物合成抑制剂,类脂和膜合成抑制剂,细胞壁合成抑制剂,优选黑素合成抑制剂,植物防御诱发剂,双氯氰菌胺(K.1.7),tolprocarb(K.1.21)和picarbutrazox(K.1.41)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物(I-R)的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1,或式(I-R)化合物,优选化合物I-R-1,与选自锐劲特、甲体氯氰菊酯、氟唑虫清、氰氟虫胺、齐墩螨素、拒嗪酮、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、呋虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、氟啶虫酰胺、螺虫乙酯、噻嗪酮(buprofezine)、氯虫酰胺、氰虫酰胺、氟氰虫酰胺、氟啶虫胺腈、二唑虫、三氟苯嘧啶、乙虫腈、乙基多杀菌素、艾克敌105、spiropidion、fluxametamide、氟唑菌苯胺、三环唑、腈嘧菌酯、稻瘟灵、tolprocarb、氯环丙酰胺、双氯氰菌胺、呋吡唑灵、硅氟唑、噻菌灵、肟醚菌胺、咯喹酮、溴氟唑菌、picarbutrazox、oxazosulfyl、甲氧苯酰肼、氟虫酰胺、氟虫脲、氰霜唑、甲霜灵、吲唑磺菌胺、环溴虫酰胺、双氯氰菌胺和异噻菌胺的化合物的混合物。尤其优选甲体氯氰菊酯、氟啶虫酰胺、fluxametamide、乙基多杀菌素、二唑虫、oxazosulfyl、拒嗪酮、三氟苯嘧啶、氟虫脲、呋吡唑灵、甲霜灵、噻菌灵、双氯氰菌胺、氟唑菌苯胺、咯喹酮、硅氟唑、噻嗪酮、三环唑或艾克敌105。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物(I-R)的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1,或式(I-R)化合物,优选化合物I-R-1,与选自锐劲特、甲体氯氰菊酯、氟唑虫清、氰氟虫胺、齐墩螨素、拒嗪酮、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、呋虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、氟啶虫酰胺、螺虫乙酯、噻嗪酮、氯虫酰胺、氰虫酰胺、氟氰虫酰胺、氟啶虫胺腈、二唑虫、三氟苯嘧啶、乙虫腈、乙基多杀菌素、艾克敌105、spiropidion、fluxametamide、oxazosulfyl、甲氧苯酰肼、氟虫酰胺、氟虫脲和环溴虫酰胺的化合物的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物(I-R)的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1,或式(I-R)化合物,优选化合物I-R-1,与选自噻菌灵、三环唑、咯喹酮、稻瘟灵、tolprocarb、氯环丙酰胺、双氯氰菌胺、腈嘧菌酯、肟醚菌胺、呋吡唑灵、溴氟唑菌、硅氟唑、氟唑菌苯胺、picarbutrazox、氰霜唑、甲霜灵、吲唑磺菌胺和异噻菌胺的化合物的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物(I-R)的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1,与选自锐劲特、甲体氯氰菊酯、氟唑虫清、氰氟虫胺、齐墩螨素、拒嗪酮、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、呋虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、氟啶虫酰胺、螺虫乙酯、噻嗪酮、氯虫酰胺、氰虫酰胺、氟氰虫酰胺、氟啶虫胺腈、二唑虫、三氟苯嘧啶、乙虫腈、乙基多杀菌素、艾克敌105、spiropidion、fluxametamide、氟唑菌苯胺、三环唑、腈嘧菌酯、稻瘟灵、tolprocarb、氯环丙酰胺、双氯氰菌胺、呋吡唑灵、硅氟唑、噻菌灵、肟醚菌胺、咯喹酮、溴氟唑菌、picarbutrazox、oxazosulfyl、甲氧苯酰肼、氟虫酰胺、氟虫脲、氰霜唑、甲霜灵、吲唑磺菌胺、环溴虫酰胺、双氯氰菌胺和异噻菌胺的化合物的混合物。尤其优选甲体氯氰菊酯、氟啶虫酰胺、fluxametamide、乙基多杀菌素、二唑虫、oxazosulfyl、拒嗪酮、三氟苯嘧啶、氟虫脲、呋吡唑灵、甲霜灵、噻菌灵、双氯氰菌胺、氟唑菌苯胺、咯喹酮、硅氟唑、噻嗪酮、三环唑或艾克敌105。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物(I-R)的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1,与选自锐劲特、甲体氯氰菊酯、氟唑虫清、氰氟虫胺、齐墩螨素、拒嗪酮、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、呋虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、氟啶虫酰胺、螺虫乙酯、噻嗪酮、氯虫酰胺、氰虫酰胺、氟氰虫酰胺、氟啶虫胺腈、二唑虫、三氟苯嘧啶、乙虫腈、乙基多杀菌素、艾克敌105、spiropidion、fluxametamide、oxazosulfyl、甲氧苯酰肼、氟虫酰胺、氟虫脲和环溴虫酰胺的化合物的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物(I-R)的式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1,与选自噻菌灵、三环唑、咯喹酮、稻瘟灵、tolprocarb、氯环丙酰胺、双氯氰菌胺、腈嘧菌酯、肟醚菌胺、呋吡唑灵、溴氟唑菌、硅氟唑、氟唑菌苯胺、picarbutrazox、氰霜唑、甲霜灵、吲唑磺菌胺和异噻菌胺的化合物的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选式(I-R)化合物,优选化合物I-R-1,与选自锐劲特、甲体氯氰菊酯、氟唑虫清、氰氟虫胺、齐墩螨素、拒嗪酮、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、呋虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、氟啶虫酰胺、螺虫乙酯、噻嗪酮、氯虫酰胺、氰虫酰胺、氟氰虫酰胺、氟啶虫胺腈、二唑虫、三氟苯嘧啶、乙虫腈、乙基多杀菌素、艾克敌105、spiropidion、fluxametamide、氟唑菌苯胺、三环唑、腈嘧菌酯、稻瘟灵、tolprocarb、氯环丙酰胺、双氯氰菌胺、呋吡唑灵、硅氟唑、噻菌灵、肟醚菌胺、咯喹酮、溴氟唑菌、picarbutrazox、oxazosulfyl、甲氧苯酰肼、氟虫酰胺、氟虫脲、氰霜唑、甲霜灵、吲唑磺菌胺、环溴虫酰胺、双氯氰菌胺和异噻菌胺的化合物的混合物。尤其优选甲体氯氰菊酯、氟啶虫酰胺、fluxametamide、乙基多杀菌素、二唑虫、oxazosulfyl、拒嗪酮、三氟苯嘧啶、氟虫脲、呋吡唑灵、甲霜灵、噻菌灵、双氯氰菌胺、氟唑菌苯胺、咯喹酮、硅氟唑、噻嗪酮、三环唑或艾克敌105。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选式(I-R)化合物,优选化合物I-R-1,与选自锐劲特、甲体氯氰菊酯、氟唑虫清、氰氟虫胺、齐墩螨素、拒嗪酮、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、呋虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、氟啶虫酰胺、螺虫乙酯、噻嗪酮、氯虫酰胺、氰虫酰胺、氟氰虫酰胺、氟啶虫胺腈、二唑虫、三氟苯嘧啶、乙虫腈、乙基多杀菌素、艾克敌105、spiropidion、fluxametamide、oxazosulfyl、甲氧苯酰肼、氟虫酰胺、氟虫脲和环溴虫酰胺的化合物的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选式(I-R)化合物,优选化合物I-R-1,与选自噻菌灵、三环唑、咯喹酮、稻瘟灵、tolprocarb、氯环丙酰胺、双氯氰菌胺、腈嘧菌酯、肟醚菌胺、呋吡唑灵、溴氟唑菌、硅氟唑、氟唑菌苯胺、picarbutrazox、氰霜唑、甲霜灵、吲唑磺菌胺和异噻菌胺的化合物的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1,与选自甲体氯氰菊酯、氟啶虫酰胺、fluxametamide、乙基多杀菌素、二唑虫、oxazosulfyl、拒嗪酮、三氟苯嘧啶、氟虫脲、呋吡唑灵、甲霜灵、噻菌灵、双氯氰菌胺、氟唑菌苯胺、咯喹酮、硅氟唑、噻嗪酮、三环唑或艾克敌105的化合物的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选式(I-R)化合物,优选化合物I-R-1,与选自甲体氯氰菊酯、氟啶虫酰胺、fluxametamide、乙基多杀菌素、二唑虫、oxazosulfyl、拒嗪酮、三氟苯嘧啶、氟虫脲、呋吡唑灵、甲霜灵、噻菌灵、双氯氰菌胺、氟唑菌苯胺、咯喹酮、硅氟唑、噻嗪酮、三环唑或艾克敌105的化合物的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的混合物是非外消旋的式(I)化合物,优选式(I)化合物,优选具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1或具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-2的化合物I-2,与Oxazosulfyl的混合物。
尤其优选的本发明混合物列于下表M中,其中化合物I如说明书中所定义:
表M
类似于混合物M-1至M-138,非外消旋化合物I-1代替化合物I-1的混合物为本发明的一部分。
类似于混合物M-1至M-138,I-2代替I-1的混合物为本发明的一部分。
类似于混合物M-139至M-276,I-R-2代替I-R-1的混合物为本发明的一部分。
类似于混合物M-1至M-138,I-3代替I-1的混合物为本发明的一部分。
类似于混合物M-139至M-276,I-R-3代替I-R-1的混合物为本发明的一部分。
类似于混合物M-1至M-138,I-4代替I-1的混合物为本发明的一部分。
类似于混合物M-139至M-276,I-R-4代替I-R-1的混合物为本发明的一部分。
类似于混合物M-1至M-138,I-5代替I-1的混合物为本发明的一部分。
类似于混合物M-139至M-276,I-R-5代替I-R-1的混合物为本发明的一部分。
类似于混合物M-1至M-138,I-6代替I-1的混合物为本发明的一部分。
类似于混合物M-139至M-276,I-R-6代替I-R-1的混合物为本发明的一部分。
类似于混合物M-1至M-138,具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的I-1代替I-1的混合物为本发明的一部分。
额外的混合配对
本发明的混合物可以以与其他活性成分,例如与其他杀害虫剂,杀虫剂,杀线虫剂,杀真菌剂,除草剂,安全剂,肥料如硝酸铵、尿素、钾碱和过磷酸钙,植物毒素和植物生长调节剂的混合物组合并在农业中施用。
这些混合物也由术语“本发明混合物”或“本发明的混合物”所包括。
这些额外成分可以依次使用或者与本发明混合物组合使用,合适的话还可以在紧临使用前加入(桶混合)。例如,可以在用其他活性成分处理之前或之后用本发明混合物喷雾植物。
混合配对可以选自杀害虫剂,尤其是杀虫剂、杀线虫剂和杀螨剂,杀真菌剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂、肥料等。优选的混合配对是杀虫剂、杀线虫剂和杀真菌剂。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及三元混合物,包含化合物I、化合物II和一种与已经存在于该混合物中的化合物I或II不相同的其他化合物III。
在子实施方案中,本发明涉及如下组分的混合物:
(1)式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的(I-R)的式(I)化合物或化合物(I-R),优选非外消旋化合物I-1或具有对映体过量的I-R-1的化合物I-1或化合物I-R-1或I-2或I-R-2,以及
(2)选自吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、氯虫酰胺、氰虫酰胺、乙基多杀菌素、艾克敌105、乙虫腈、锐劲特、三氟苯嘧啶、氟啶虫酰胺、oxazosulfyl和氟氰虫酰胺的化合物,以及
(3)选自噻菌灵、异噻菌胺、三环唑、咯喹酮、稻瘟灵、tolprocarb、氯环丙酰胺、双氯氰菌胺、腈嘧菌酯、肟醚菌胺的化合物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及4元混合物,包含化合物I、化合物II和两种与已经存在于该混合物中的化合物I或II不相同的其他化合物III。
在子实施方案中,本发明涉及如下组分的混合物:
(1)式(I)化合物或非外消旋的式(I)化合物或具有对映体过量的(I-R)的式(I)化合物或化合物(I-R),优选非外消旋化合物I-1或具有对映体过量的I-R-1的化合物I-1或化合物I-R-1或I-2或I-R-2,以及
(2)选自吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、氯虫酰胺、氰虫酰胺、乙基多杀菌素、艾克敌105、乙虫腈、锐劲特、三氟苯嘧啶、氟啶虫酰胺、Oxazosulfyl和氟氰虫酰胺的化合物,以及
(3)选自噻菌灵、异噻菌胺、三环唑、咯喹酮、稻瘟灵、tolprocarb、氯环丙酰胺、双氯氰菌胺、腈嘧菌酯、肟醚菌胺的化合物,以及
(4)选自呋吡唑灵、溴氟唑菌、硅氟唑、氟唑菌苯胺、腈嘧菌酯、肟醚菌胺的化合物、条件是它不同于(3)下的化合物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及5元混合物,包含化合物I、化合物II和三种与已经存在于该混合物中的化合物I或II不相同的其他化合物III。
配制剂
本发明还涉及包含助剂和至少一种本发明化合物或其混合物的农业化学组合物。
农业化学组合物包含杀害虫有效量的本发明化合物或其混合物。术语“杀害虫有效量”如下所定义。
本发明化合物或其混合物可以转化成常规类型的农业化学组合物,例如溶液、乳液、悬浮液、粉剂、粉末、糊、颗粒、模压品、胶囊及其混合物。组合物类型的实例是悬浮液(例如SC、OD、FS),可乳化浓缩物(例如EC),乳液(例如EW、EO、ES、ME),胶囊(例如CS、ZC),糊,锭剂,可湿性粉末或粉剂(例如WP、SP、WS、DP、DS),模压品(例如BR、TB、DT),颗粒(例如WG、SG、GR、FG、GG、MG),杀虫制品(例如LN)以及用于处理植物繁殖材料如种子的凝胶配制剂(例如GF)。这些和其他组合物类型在“Catalogue of pesticide formulation types andinternational coding system”,Technical Monograph,第2期,2008年5月第6版,CropLife International中有定义。
组合物如Mollet和Grube-mann,Formulation technology,Wiley VCH,Weinheim,2001;或Knowles,New developments in crop protection product formulation,AgrowReports DS243,T&F Informa,London,2005所述以已知方式制备。
合适助剂的实例是溶剂,液体载体,固体载体或填料,表面活性剂,分散剂,乳化剂,润湿剂,辅助剂,加溶剂,渗透促进剂,保护性胶体,粘附剂,增稠剂,保湿剂,驱除剂,引诱剂,进食刺激剂,相容剂,杀菌剂,防冻剂,消泡剂,着色剂,增粘剂和粘合剂。
合适的溶剂和液体载体是水和有机溶剂,如中到高沸点的矿物油馏分,例如煤油、柴油;植物或动物来源的油;脂族、环状和芳族烃类,例如甲苯、石蜡、四氢萘、烷基化萘;醇类,例如乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、苄醇、环己醇;二醇类;DMSO;酮类,例如环己酮;酯类,例如乳酸酯、碳酸酯、脂肪酸酯、γ-丁内酯;脂肪酸;膦酸酯;胺类;酰胺类,例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮,脂肪酸二甲基酰胺;以及它们的混合物。
合适的固体载体或填料是矿土,例如硅酸盐、硅胶、滑石、高岭土、石灰石、石灰、白垩、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、膨润土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁;多糖粉末,例如纤维素、淀粉;肥料,例如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、脲类;植物来源的产品,例如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉、坚果壳粉及其混合物。
合适的表面活性剂是表面活性化合物,如阴离子、阳离子、非离子和两性表面活性剂,嵌段聚合物,聚电解质,以及它们的混合物。该类表面活性剂可以用作乳化剂、分散剂、加溶剂、润湿剂、渗透促进剂、保护性胶体或辅助剂。表面活性剂的实例列于McCutcheon’s,第1卷:Emulsifiers&Detergents,McCutcheon’s Directories,Glen Rock,USA,2008(International Ed.或North American Ed.)中。
合适的阴离子表面活性剂是磺酸、硫酸、磷酸、羧酸的碱金属、碱土金属或铵盐以及它们的混合物。磺酸盐的实例是烷基芳基磺酸盐、二苯基磺酸盐、α-烯烃磺酸盐、木素磺酸盐、脂肪酸和油的磺酸盐、乙氧基化烷基酚的磺酸盐、烷氧基化芳基酚的磺酸盐、缩合萘的磺酸盐、十二烷基-和十三烷基苯的磺酸盐、萘和烷基萘的磺酸盐、磺基琥珀酸盐或磺基琥珀酰胺酸盐。硫酸盐的实例是脂肪酸和油的硫酸盐、乙氧基化烷基酚的硫酸盐、醇的硫酸盐、乙氧基化醇的硫酸盐或脂肪酸酯的硫酸盐。磷酸盐的实例是磷酸盐酯。羧酸盐的实例是烷基羧酸盐以及羧化醇或烷基酚乙氧基化物。
合适的非离子表面活性剂是烷氧基化物,N-取代的脂肪酸酰胺,胺氧化物,酯类,糖基表面活性剂,聚合物表面活性剂及其混合物。烷氧基化物的实例是诸如已经被1-50当量烷氧基化的醇、烷基酚、胺、酰胺、芳基酚、脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯的化合物。可以将氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯用于烷氧基化,优选氧化乙烯。N-取代的脂肪酸酰胺的实例是脂肪酸葡糖酰胺或脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺。酯类的实例是脂肪酸酯,甘油酯或甘油单酯。糖基表面活性剂的实例是脱水山梨醇、乙氧基化脱水山梨醇、蔗糖和葡萄糖酯或烷基聚葡糖苷。聚合物表面活性剂的实例是乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯醇或乙酸乙烯酯的均聚物或共聚物。
合适的阳离子表面活性剂是季型表面活性剂,例如具有1或2个疏水性基团的季铵化合物,或长链伯胺的盐。合适的两性表面活性剂是烷基甜菜碱和咪唑啉类。合适的嵌段聚合物是包含聚氧乙烯和聚氧丙烯的嵌段的A-B或A-B-A类型嵌段聚合物,或包含链烷醇、聚氧乙烯和聚氧丙烯的A-B-C类型嵌段聚合物。合适的聚电解质是聚酸或聚碱。聚酸的实例是聚丙烯酸的碱金属盐或聚酸梳状聚合物。聚碱的实例是聚乙烯基胺或聚乙烯胺。
合适的辅助剂是本身具有可忽略的农药活性或者本身甚至没有农药活性且改善本发明化合物对目标物的生物学性能的化合物。实例是表面活性剂、矿物油或植物油以及其他助剂。其他实例由Knowles,Adjuvants and additives,Agrow Reports DS256,T&FInforma UK,2006,第5章列出。
合适的增稠剂是多糖(例如黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素)、无机粘土(有机改性或未改性的)、聚羧酸盐和硅酸盐。
合适的杀菌剂是拌棉醇和异噻唑啉酮衍生物如烷基异噻唑啉酮类和苯并异噻唑啉酮类。
合适的防冻剂是乙二醇、丙二醇、尿素和甘油。
合适的消泡剂是聚硅氧烷、长链醇和脂肪酸盐。
合适的着色剂(例如着红色、蓝色或绿色)是低水溶性颜料和水溶性染料。实例是无机着色剂(例如氧化铁、氧化钛、六氰合铁酸铁)和有机着色剂(例如茜素着色剂、偶氮着色剂和酞菁着色剂)。
合适的增粘剂或粘合剂是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸酯、生物蜡或合成蜡以及纤维素醚。
组合物类型及其制备的实例为:
i)水溶性浓缩物(SL,LS)
将10-60重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物和5-15重量%润湿剂(例如醇烷氧基化物)溶于加至100重量%的水和/或水溶性溶剂(例如醇类)中。活性物质在用水稀释时溶解。
ii)分散性浓缩物(DC)
将5-25重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物和1-10重量%分散剂(例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)溶于加至100重量%的有机溶剂(例如环己酮)中。用水稀释得到分散体。
iii)可乳化浓缩物(EC)
将15-70重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物和5-10重量%乳化剂(例如十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物)溶于加至100重量%的水不溶性有机溶剂(例如芳族烃)中。用水稀释得到乳液。
iv)乳液(EW,EO,ES)
将5-40重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物和1-10重量%乳化剂(例如十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物)溶于20-40重量%的水不溶性有机溶剂(例如芳族烃)中。借助乳化机将该混合物引入加至100重量%的水中并制成均相乳液。用水稀释得到乳液。
v)悬浮液(SC,OD,FS)
在搅拌的球磨机中将20-60重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物在加入2-10重量%分散剂和润湿剂(例如木素磺酸钠和醇乙氧基化物)、0.1-2重量%增稠剂(例如黄原胶)和加至100重量%的水下粉碎,得到细碎活性物质悬浮液。用水稀释得到稳定的活性物质悬浮液。对于FS类型组合物加入至多40重量%粘合剂(例如聚乙烯醇)。
vi)水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG,SG)
在加入加至100重量%的分散剂和润湿剂(例如木素磺酸钠和醇乙氧基化物)下精细研磨50-80重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物并借助工业装置(例如挤出机、喷雾塔、流化床)将其制成水分散性或水溶性颗粒。用水稀释得到稳定的活性物质分散体或溶液。
vii)水分散性粉末和水溶性粉末(WP,SP,WS)
将50-80重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物在加入1-5重量%分散剂(例如木素磺酸钠)、1-3重量%润湿剂(例如醇乙氧基化物)和加至100重量%的固体载体(例如硅胶)下在转子-定子磨机中研磨。用水稀释得到稳定的活性物质分散体或溶液。
viii)凝胶(GW,GF)
在搅拌的球磨机中在加入3-10重量%分散剂(例如木素磺酸钠)、1-5重量%增稠剂(例如羧甲基纤维素)和加至100重量%的水下粉碎5-25重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物,得到活性物质的精细悬浮液。用水稀释得到稳定的活性物质悬浮液。
ix)微乳液(ME)
将5-20重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物加入5-30重量%有机溶剂共混物(例如脂肪酸二甲基酰胺和环己酮)、10-25重量%表面活性剂共混物(例如醇乙氧基化物和芳基酚乙氧基化物)和加至100重量%的水中。将该混合物搅拌1小时,以自发产生热力学稳定的微乳液。
x)微胶囊(CS)
将包含5-50重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物,0-40重量%水不溶性有机溶剂(例如芳族烃),2-15重量%丙烯酸系单体(例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸和二-或三丙烯酸酯)的油相分散到保护性胶体(例如聚乙烯醇)的水溶液中。通过自由基引发剂引发的自由基聚合导致形成聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯微胶囊。或者将包含5-50重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物,0-40重量%水不溶性有机溶剂(例如芳族烃)和异氰酸酯单体(例如二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯)的油相分散到保护性胶体(例如聚乙烯醇)的水溶液中。加入多胺(例如六亚甲基二胺)导致形成聚脲微胶囊。单体量为1-10重量%。重量%涉及整个CS组合物。
xi)可撒粉粉末(DP,DS)
将1-10重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物细碎研磨并与加至100重量%的固体载体(例如细碎高岭土)充分混合。
xii)颗粒(GR,FG)
将0.5-30重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物细碎研磨并结合加至100重量%的固体载体(例如硅酸盐)。通过挤出、喷雾干燥或流化床实现造粒。xiii)超低容量液体(UL)
将1-50重量%本发明化合物I或II或混合物溶于加至100重量%的有机溶剂(例如芳族烃)中。
组合物类型i)-xi)可以任选包含其他助剂,如0.1-1重量%杀菌剂,5-15重量%防冻剂,0.1-1重量%消泡剂和0.1-1重量%着色剂。
农业化学组合物通常包含0.01-95重量%,优选0.1-90重量%,最优选0.5-75重量%活性物质。活性物质以90-100%,优选95-100%的纯度(根据NMR光谱)使用。
可以向活性物质或包含它们的组合物中作为预混物加入或者合适的话在紧临使用前加入(桶混合)各种类型的油、润湿剂、辅助剂、肥料或微营养素和其他农药(例如除草剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、生长调节剂、安全剂)。这些试剂可以以1:100-100:1,优选1:10-10:1的重量比与本发明组合物混合。
用户通常将本发明组合物用于前剂量装置、小背包喷雾器、喷雾罐、喷雾飞机或灌溉系统。通常将该农业化学组合物用水、缓冲剂和/或其他助剂配制至所需施用浓度,从而得到即用喷雾液或本发明农业化学组合物。每公顷农业利用区通常施用20-2000升,优选50-400升即用喷雾液。
根据一个实施方案,用户可以自己在喷雾罐中混合本发明组合物的各组分,例如成套包装的各部分或二元或三元混合物的各部分并且合适的话可以加入其他助剂。
在另一实施方案中,用户可以在喷雾罐中混合本发明组合物的各组分或部分预混的组分,例如包含如上所定义的本发明化合物和/或混合配对的组分,并且合适的话可以加入其他助剂和添加剂。
在另一实施方案中,可以联合(例如在桶混合之后)或依次施用本发明组合物的各组分或部分预混的组分,例如包含如上所定义的本发明化合物和/或混合配对的组分。
施用方法
本发明化合物和混合物适合用于保护作物、植物、植物繁殖材料如种子或者其中植物生长的土壤或水体以防动物害虫侵袭或侵染。因此,本发明还涉及一种植物保护方法,包括使待保护以防动物害虫侵袭或侵染的作物、植物、植物繁殖材料如种子或其中植物生长的土壤或水体与杀害虫有效量的本发明化合物接触。
本发明化合物和混合物还适合用于防除或防治动物害虫。因此,本发明还涉及一种防除或防治动物害虫的方法,包括使动物害虫、其栖息地、繁殖地或食物供应源或者作物、植物、植物繁殖材料如种子或土壤或者其中动物害虫生长或可能生长的区域、材料或环境与杀害虫有效量的本发明化合物接触。
本发明化合物和混合物通过接触和摄取二者而有效。此外,本发明化合物和混合物可以施用于任何和所有发育阶段,如卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫。
本发明化合物和混合物可以直接或以如上所定义的包含它们的组合物形式施用。此外,本发明化合物和混合物可以与如上所定义的混合配对一起或者以如上所定义的包含所述混合物的组合物的形式施用。所述混合物的各组分可以同时,即联合或分开施用,或者依次施用,即一种紧接着另一种施用并且因此“就地”在所需位置,例如植物上产生该混合物,在分开施用的情况下顺序通常对防治措施的结果没有任何影响。
施用可以在作物、植物、植物繁殖材料如种子、土壤或区域、材料或环境被害虫侵染之前和之后进行。
合适的施用方法尤其包括土壤处理、种子处理、犁沟施用、进水口施用(例如在灌溉过程中在水稻田中)和叶面施用。土壤处理方法包括浸润土壤,滴灌(滴施于土壤上),浸渍根、块茎或鳞茎,或土壤灌注。种子处理技术包括拌种、种子包衣、种子撒粉、种子浸泡和种子造粒。犁沟施用通常包括在耕地中开凿犁沟,对犁沟播种,将杀害虫活性组分I或II或混合物施用于犁沟并封闭犁沟的步骤。叶面施用涉及将杀害虫活性组分I或II或混合物施用于植物叶面,例如通过喷雾设备。对于叶面施用,可能有利的是通过与本发明化合物和混合物组合使用信息素而改变害虫的行为。适合特定作物和害虫的信息素对熟练技术人员而言是已知的并且由信息素和化学信息素的数据库,如http://www.pherobase.com公开可得。
本文所用术语“接触”包括直接接触(将化合物/组合物直接施用于动物害虫或植物上—通常是植物的叶、茎或根)和间接接触(将化合物/组合物施用于动物害虫或植物的场所,即栖息地、繁殖地、植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或其中害虫生长或可能生长的环境)二者。
术语“动物害虫”包括节肢动物、腹足动物和线虫。根据本发明优选的动物害虫是节肢动物,优选昆虫和蜘蛛,尤其是昆虫。对作物特别相关的昆虫通常被称为农作物虫害。
术语“作物”涉及生长和收获的作物二者。
术语“植物”包括禾谷类,例如硬粒小麦和其他小麦、黑麦、大麦、小黑麦、燕麦、稻或玉米(饲用玉米和甜玉蜀黍/甜玉米和大田玉米);甜菜,例如糖用甜菜或饲料甜菜;水果,如仁果、核果或浆果,例如苹果、梨、李、桃、油桃、杏仁、樱桃、木瓜、草莓、悬钩子、黑莓或鹅莓;豆科植物,例如菜豆、扁豆、豌豆、苜蓿或大豆;油料植物,例如油菜(油籽油菜)、芜菁油菜、芥菜、橄榄、向日葵、椰子、可可豆、蓖麻油植物、油棕、花生或大豆;葫芦科植物,例如笋瓜、南瓜、黄瓜或甜瓜;纤维植物,例如棉花、亚麻、大麻或黄麻;柑桔类水果,例如橙子、柠檬、葡萄柚或橘;蔬菜,例如茄子、菠菜、莴苣(例如卷心莴苣)、菊苣、卷心菜、芦笋、卷心菜、胡萝卜、洋葱、大蒜、韭葱、西红柿、土豆、葫芦或甜椒;月桂类植物,例如鳄梨、肉桂或樟脑;能量和原料植物,例如玉米、大豆、油菜、甘蔗或油棕;烟草;坚果,例如核桃;开心果;咖啡;茶;香蕉;葡萄藤(食用葡萄和酿酒用葡萄);啤酒花;草坪;甜叶菊(也称甜菊(Stevia));天然橡胶植物或观赏和森林植物,例如花卉(例如康乃馨、矮牵牛、老鹳草/天竺葵/、三色堇和凤仙花)、灌木、阔叶树(例如杨树)或常绿树,例如针叶树;桉树;草皮;草坪;禾草如动物饲料用禾草或观赏用途的禾草。优选的植物包括土豆、糖用甜菜、烟草、小麦、黑麦、大麦、燕麦、稻、玉米、棉花、大豆、油菜、豆科植物、向日葵、咖啡或甘蔗;水果;葡萄藤;观赏植物;或者蔬菜,如黄瓜、西红柿、菜豆或笋瓜。
术语“植物”应理解为包括野生型植物以及已经通过常规育种或诱变或基因工程或者通过其组合修饰以对植物提供新性状或者修饰已经存在的性状的植物。
诱变包括使用X射线或致突变化学品的随机诱变技术,但还有靶向诱变技术,以在植物基因组的特定位置产生突变。靶向诱变技术通常使用寡核苷酸或蛋白质如CRISPR/Cas、锌指核酸酶、TALEN或大范围核酸酶以实现靶向效应。
基因工程通常使用在自然条件下不易通过杂交、诱变或自然重组得到的重组DNA技术在植物基因组中产生修饰。通常将一个或多个基因整合到植物的基因组中以添加性状或改善性状。这些整合的基因在本领域也称为转基因,而包含该类转基因的植物被称为转基因植物。该植物转换方法通常产生几个转换事件,它们在其中已经整合了转基因的基因组位置上不同。在特定基因组位置上包含特定转基因的植物通常被描述为包含特定“事件”,后者由特定事件名称提到。已经引入植物中或者已经修饰的性状尤其包括除草剂耐受性、昆虫抗性、提高的产量以及对非生物条件,如干旱的耐受性。
除草剂耐受性已经通过使用诱变以及使用基因工程产生。已经通过常规诱变和育种方法赋予对乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)抑制剂除草剂的耐受性的植物包括以名称市购的植物品种。然而,大多数除草剂耐受性性状已经经由转基因的使用而产生。
已经对草甘膦(glyphosate)、草铵膦(glufosinate)、2,4-D、麦草畏(dicamba)、oxynil除草剂如溴苯腈(bromoxynil)和碘苯腈(ioxynil)、磺酰脲除草剂、ALS抑制剂除草剂以及4-羟基苯基丙酮酸二加氧酶(HPPD)抑制剂如异氟草(isoxaflutole)和甲基磺草酮(mesotrione)产生除草剂耐受性。
已经用于提供除草剂耐受性性状的转基因包括:对于草甘膦耐受性:cp4 epsps、epsps grg23ace5、mepsps、2mepsps、gat4601、gat4621和goxv247,对于草铵膦耐受性:pat和bar,对于2,4-D耐受性:aad-1和aad-12,对于麦草畏耐受性:dmo,对于oxynil除草剂耐受性:bxn,对于磺酰脲除草剂耐受性:zm-hra、csr1-2、gm-hra、S4-HrA,对于ALS抑制剂除草剂耐受性:csr1-2,对于HPPD抑制剂除草剂耐受性:hppdPF、W336和avhppd-03。
包含除草剂耐受性基因的转基因玉米事件例如为DAS40278,MON801,MON802,MON809,MON810,MON832,MON87411,MON87419,MON87427,MON88017,MON89034,NK603,GA21,MZHG0JG,HCEM485,676,678,680,33121,4114,59122,98140,Bt10,Bt176,CBH-351,DBT418,DLL25,MS3,MS6,MZIR098,T25,TC1507和TC6275,但不排除其他。
包含除草剂耐受性基因的转基因大豆事件例如为GTS 40-3-2,MON87705,MON87708,MON87712,MON87769,MON89788,A2704-12,A2704-21,A5547-127,A5547-35,DP356043,DAS44406-6,DAS68416-4,DAS-81419-2,GU262,W62,W98,FG72和CV127,但不排除其他。
包含除草剂耐受性基因的转基因棉花事件例如为19-51a,31707,42317,81910,281-24-236,3006-210-23,BXN10211,BXN10215,BXN10222,BXN10224,MON1445,MON1698,MON88701,MON88913,GHB119,GHB614,LLCotton25,T303-3和T304-40,但不排除其他。
包含除草剂耐受性基因的转基因卡罗拉事件例如为MON88302,HCR-1,HCN10,HCN28,HCN92,MS1,MS8,PHY14,PHY23,PHY35,PHY36,RF1,RF2和RF3,但不排除其他。
昆虫抗性主要通过将杀虫蛋白的细菌基因转移到植物中而产生。最常用的转基因是芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus spec.)的毒素基因及其合成合成变体,如cry1A,cry1Ab,cry1Ab-Ac,cry1Ac,cry1A.105,cry1F,cry1Fa2,cry2Ab2,cry2Ae,mcry3A,ecry3.1Ab,cry3Bb1,cry34Ab1,cry35Ab1,cry9C,vip3A(a),vip3Aa20。然而,还将植物来源的基因转移到其他植物。尤其是编码蛋白酶抑制剂的基因,如CpTI和pinII。另一方法使用转基因以在植物中产生双链RNA而瞄准并减量调节昆虫基因。该转基因的实例是dvsnf7。
包含杀虫蛋白基因或双链RNA的转基因玉米事件例如为Bt10,Bt11,Bt176,MON801,MON802,MON809,MON810,MON863,MON87411,MON88017,MON89034,33121,4114,5307,59122,TC1507,TC6275,CBH-351,MIR162,DBT418和MZIR098,但不排除其他。
包含杀虫蛋白基因的转基因大豆事件例如为MON87701,MON87751和DAS-81419,但不排除其他。
包含杀虫蛋白基因的转基因棉花事件例如为SGK321,MON531,MON757,MON1076,MON15985,31707,31803,31807,31808,42317,BNLA-601,Event1,COT67B,COT102,T303-3,T304-40,GFM Cry1A,GK12,MLS 9124,281-24-236,3006-210-23,GHB119和SGK321,但不排除其他。
提高的产量通过使用存在于玉米事件MON87403中的转基因athb17提高穗生物量或者通过使用存在于大豆事件MON87712中的转基因bbx32提高光合作用而产生。
包含改性含油量的栽培植物已经通过使用转基因:gm-fad2-1,Pj.D6D,Nc.Fad3、fad2-1A和fatb1-A产生。包含这些基因中的至少一种的大豆事件是:260-05,MON87705和MON87769。
通常通过在转换事件中将基因组合或者通过在育种工艺过程中将不同事件组合而将性状组合。性状的优选组合是对不同类除草剂的除草剂耐受性,对不同种类昆虫的昆虫耐受性,尤其是对鳞翅目和鞘翅目昆虫的耐受性,具有一种或几种类型昆虫抗性的除草剂耐受性,具有提高的产量的除草剂耐受性以及除草剂耐受性和非生物条件耐受性的组合。
包含单独或堆叠性状的植物以及提供这些性状的基因和事件在本领域是已知的。例如,有关诱变或整合基因和相应事件的详细信息可以由组织机构“InternationalService for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications(ISAAA)”(http://www.isaaa.org/gmapprovaldatabase)和“Center for Environmental Risk Assessment(CERA)”(http://cera-gmc.org/GMCropDatabase)的网站以及专利申请如EP3028573和WO2017/011288得到。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,该植物优选为水稻植物(稻属(Oryza),优选稻(Oryza sativa))。最常栽培两个品种的水稻,稻(Oryza sativa)和非洲稻(Oryzaglaberrima)。稻(Oryza sativa)的许多子品种在商业上是重要的,包括籼稻(Oryzasativa subsp.indica),粳稻(Oryza sativa subsp.japonica),爪哇稻(Oryza sativasubsp.javanica),糯稻(Oryza sativa subsp.glutinosa)(糯稻),香稻类(Oryza sativaAromatica group)(例如印度香米)和稻(Oryza sativa)(浮稻类)。
已经通过诱变或基因工程修饰并且具有特别商业重要性的植物包括水稻。在已经通过诱变或基因工程修饰的植物中,一个或多个基因诱变处理或整合进入植物的遗传材料中。该一个或多个诱变处理或整合的基因优选选自pat,epsps,cry1Ab,bar,cry1Fa2,cry1Ac,cry34Ab1,cry35AB1,cry3A,cryF,cry1F,mcry3a,cry2Ab2,cry3Bb1,cry1A.105,dfr,barnase,vip3Aa20,barstar,als,bxn,bp40,asn1和ppo5。进行一个或多个基因的诱变或整合以改善植物的某些性能。也已知为性状的该类性能包括非生物应力耐受性、改变的生长/产量、病害耐受性、除草剂耐受性、昆虫抗性、改性的产品质量和授粉控制。在这些性能中,特别重要的是除草剂耐受性,例如咪唑啉酮耐受性、草甘膦耐受性或草铵膦耐受性。
惊人地发现本发明化合物的杀害虫活性可以通过修饰植物的杀虫性状提高。此外,已经发现本发明化合物适合防止昆虫耐受该杀虫性状或者适合防除已经耐受修饰植物杀虫性状的害虫。此外,本发明化合物适合防除该杀虫性状对其无效的害虫,因而可以有利地使用互补的杀虫活性。
在栽培植物上使用本发明组合物可能导致对包含某些基因或事件的栽培植物呈特异性的效果。这些效果可能涉及生长行为的变化或对生物或非生物应力因素的耐受性变化。该类效果尤其可能包括提高的产量,提高的昆虫、线虫、真菌、细菌、支原体、病毒或类病毒病原体抗性或耐受性以及早期活力、早熟或延迟成熟、冷或热耐受性以及氨基酸或脂肪酸谱或含量变化。
惊人地发现本发明化合物和混合物的杀害虫活性可以通过修饰植物的杀虫性状提高。此外,已经发现本发明化合物和混合物适合防止昆虫耐受该杀虫性状或者适合防除已经耐受修饰植物杀虫性状的害虫。此外,本发明化合物和混合物适合防除该杀虫性状对其无效的害虫,因而可以有利地使用互补的杀虫活性。
术语“植物繁殖材料”是指植物的所有繁殖部分如种子,以及可以用于繁殖植物的无性植物材料如插条和块茎(例如土豆)。这包括种子、根、果实、块茎、球茎、地下茎、嫩枝、芽和其他植物部分。还可以包括在萌发后或出苗后由土壤移植的秧苗和幼苗。这些植物繁殖材料可以在种植或移栽之时或之前用植物保护化合物预防性处理。
术语“种子”包括所有种类的种子和植物繁殖体,包括但不限于真正的种子、种子切片(seed piece)、吸枝、球茎、鳞茎、果实、块茎、谷粒、插条、伐条(cut shoot)等,并且在优选实施方案中指真正的种子。
通常而言,“杀害虫有效量”是指对生长获得可观察到的效果所需的活性成分的量,所述效果包括坏死、死亡、阻滞、预防和去除效果,破坏效果或减少目标生物体的出现和活动的效果。对于在本发明中使用的各种化合物/组合物,杀害虫有效量可以变化。组合物的杀害虫有效量也会根据主要条件如所需杀害虫效果及持续时间、气候、目标物种、场所、施用方式等而变化。
在土壤处理、犁沟内施用或施用于害虫居住地或巢穴的情况下,活性成分量为0.0001-500g/100m2,优选0.001-20g/100m2。
为了用于例如通过叶面施用处理农作物,本发明活性成分的施用率可以在0.0001-4000g/公顷,例如1g-2kg/公顷或1-750g/公顷,理想的是1-100g/公顷,更理想的是10-50g/公顷,例如10-20g/公顷,20-30g/公顷,30-40g/公顷或40-50g/公顷范围内。
本发明化合物和混合物特别适合用于处理种子以保护种子免受虫害,尤其是免受土壤生虫害,并保护所得秧苗的根和芽以防土壤害虫和叶面昆虫。本发明因此还涉及一种保护种子以防昆虫,尤其是土壤昆虫并保护秧苗的根和芽以防昆虫,尤其是土壤和叶面昆虫的方法,所述方法包括在播种之前和/或预萌发之后用本发明化合物处理种子。优选保护秧苗的根和芽。更优选保护秧苗的芽以防刺吸式口器昆虫、嘴嚼口器害虫和线虫。
术语“种子处理”包括所有本领域已知的合适种子处理技术,如拌种、种子包衣、种子撒粉、种子浸泡、种子造粒和犁沟内施用方法。优选活性化合物I或II或混合物的种子处理施用通过在植物播种之前且在植物出苗之前对种子喷雾或撒粉而进行。
本发明还包括涂有或含有活性组分I或其混合物的种子。术语“涂有和/或含有”通常是指活性成分在施用时绝大部分处于繁殖产品的表面上,但更大或更小部分的成分可能渗入繁殖产品中,这取决于施用方法。当(再)种植所述繁殖产品时,它可能吸收活性成分。
本发明还包括一种包含种子和活性组分I或其混合物的组合物。
本发明还包括一种包含种子和非外消旋的活性化合物I或其混合物的组合物。
本发明还包括一种包含种子和具有对映体过量的化合物I-R的活性化合物I,优选具有对映体过量的化合物I-R-1的化合物I-1或其混合物的组合物。
本发明还包括一种包含种子和活性化合物I-R,优选化合物I-R-1或其混合物的组合物。
合适的种子例如为禾谷类、根系作物、油料作物、蔬菜、香料、观赏植物的种子,例如硬粒小麦和其他小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦、玉米(青饲玉米和甜玉蜀黍/甜玉米以及大田玉米)、大豆、油料作物、十字花科植物、棉花、向日葵、香蕉、稻、油籽油菜、芜菁油菜、糖用甜菜、饲料甜菜、茄子、土豆、禾草、草坪、草皮、牧草、西红柿、韭葱、南瓜/笋瓜、卷心菜、卷心莴苣、胡椒、黄瓜、甜瓜、芸苔属(Brassica)、甜瓜、菜豆、豌豆、大蒜、洋葱、胡萝卜、块茎植物如土豆、甘蔗、烟草、葡萄、矮牵牛、老鹳草/天竺葵、三色堇和凤仙花。
此外,活性化合物还可以用于处理已经通过诱变或基因工程修饰并且例如耐受除草剂或杀真菌剂或杀虫剂作用的植物的种子。该类修饰植物已经如上所详细描述。
常规种子处理配制剂例如包括可流动浓缩物FS、溶液LS、悬浮乳液(SE)、干处理用粉末DS、淤浆处理用水分散性粉末WS、水溶性粉末SS、乳液ES和EC以及凝胶配制剂GF。这些配制剂可以经稀释或不经稀释而施用于种子上。对种子的施用在播种之前进行,直接施用于种子上或在种子已经预萌发之后施用。优选施用配制剂以使得不诱发萌发。
可以在稀释2-10倍之后得到的即用配制剂中活性物质浓度优选为0.01-60重量%,更优选0.1-40重量%。
在优选实施方案中,将FS配制剂用于种子处理。FS配制剂通常可以包含1-800g/l活性成分,1-200g/l表面活性剂,0-200g/l防冻剂,0-400g/l粘合剂,0-200g/l颜料和达到1升的溶剂,优选水。
用于种子处理的本发明化合物和混合物的尤其优选FS配制剂通常包含0.1-80重量%(1-800g/l)活性成分,0.1-20重量%(1-200g/l)至少一种表面活性剂,例如0.05-5重量%润湿剂和0.5-15重量%分散剂,至多20重量%,例如5-20%防冻剂,0-15重量%,例如1-15重量%颜料和/或染料,0-40重量%,例如1-40重量%粘合剂(粘结剂/粘附剂),任选至多5重量%,例如0.1-5重量%增稠剂,任选0.1-2%消泡剂和任选防腐剂如生物杀伤剂、抗氧化剂等,例如其量为0.01-1重量%,以及达到100重量%的填料/载体。
在种子处理中,本发明化合物的施用率通常为0.01g-10kg/100kg种子,优选1g-5kg/100kg种子,更优选1-1000g/100kg种子,尤其是1-200g/100kg种子,例如1-100g或5-100g/100kg种子。
因此,本发明还涉及包含如本文所定义的本发明化合物或其可农用盐的种子。本发明化合物或其可农用盐的量通常为0.1g-10kg/100kg种子,优选1g-5kg/100kg种子,尤其是1-1000g/100kg种子。对于特殊作物如莴苣,施用率可能更高。
本发明化合物和混合物还可以用于改善植物健康。因此,本发明还涉及一种通过用有效且非植物毒性量的本发明化合物处理植物、植物繁殖材料和/或其中植物生长或将要生长的场所而改善植物健康的方法。
本文所用“有效且非植物毒性量”是指以允许得到所需效果但不对被处理植物或由被处理繁殖体或被处理土壤生长的植物引起任何植物毒性症状的量使用组分I或II或混合物。
术语“植物”和“植物繁殖材料”如上所定义。
“植物健康”定义为由几个方面单独或相互结合决定的植物和/或其产品的状况,如产量(例如增加的生物质和/或增加的有价值成分含量),质量(例如某些成分的改善含量或组成或储存期限),植物活力(例如改善的植物生长和/或更绿的叶子(“绿化效果”),对非生物(例如干旱)和/或生物应力(例如病害)的耐受性以及生产效率(例如收获效率、加工性)。
植物健康状况的上述迹象可以相互依存或可以相互影响。各迹象在本领域中定义并且可以由熟练技术人员已知的方法确定。
本发明化合物还适合用于对抗非作物虫害。为了用于对抗所述非作物虫害,可以将本发明化合物和混合物用作诱饵组合物、凝胶、通用昆虫喷雾剂、气雾剂、超低容量施用和蚊帐(浸渍的或表面施用的)。此外,可以使用浸透和喷杆方法。
本文所用术语“非作物虫害”是指对于非作物目标特别相关的害虫,如蚂蚁、白蚁、黄蜂、蝇、蜱、蚊、蟋蟀或蟑螂,优选蚊,更优选黄热蚊。
诱饵可以是液体、固体或半固体制剂(例如凝胶)。用于组合物中的诱饵是具有足够的吸引力以刺激诸如蚂蚁、白蚁、黄蜂、蝇、蚊、蟋蟀等或蟑螂的昆虫食用它的产品。吸引力可以通过使用进食刺激剂或性信息素控制。食物刺激剂例如并不穷举地选自动物和/或植物蛋白质(肉-、鱼-或血液膳食,昆虫部分、蛋黄)、动物和/或植物来源的脂肪和油或单-、低聚-或聚有机糖类,尤其是蔗糖、乳糖、果糖、右旋糖、葡萄糖、淀粉、果胶或甚至糖蜜或蜂蜜。水果、作物、植物、动物、昆虫的新鲜或腐败部分或其特定部分也可以用作进食刺激剂。已知性信息素更具昆虫特异性。特殊信息素描述于文献(例如http://www.pherobase.com)中并且对本领域熟练技术人员是已知的。
为了用于诱饵组合物中,活性成分的典型含量为0.001-15重量%,理想的是0.001-5重量%活性组分I或混合物。
本发明化合物和混合物的配制剂如气雾剂(例如在喷雾罐中)、油喷雾剂或泵喷雾剂高度适于非专业使用者来防治害虫如蝇、蚤、蜱、蚊或蟑螂。气雾剂配方优选由如下组分组成:活性化合物I或混合物,溶剂,此外还有助剂,例如乳化剂,芳香油;合适的话还有稳定剂以及需要的话推进剂。
油喷雾配制剂与气雾剂配方的不同在于没有使用推进剂。
为了用于喷雾组合物中,活性成分含量为0.001-80重量%,优选0.01-50重量%,最优选0.01-15重量%。
本发明化合物和混合物及其相应组合物还可以用于蚊香片和熏蒸片,发烟盒、蒸发器板或长效蒸发器以及还有扑蛾纸、扑蛾垫或其他与热无关的蒸发器体系中。
用本发明化合物和混合物及其相应组合物控制由昆虫传递的传染性疾病(例如疟疾、登革热和黄热病,淋巴丝虫病以及利什曼病)的方法也包括处理棚屋和房子的表面、空气喷雾和浸渍窗帘、帐篷、衣物、蚊帐、采采蝇网等。施用于纤维、织物、编织物、无纺织物、网状材料或箔以及篷布上的杀虫组合物优选包含包括杀虫剂、任选的驱除剂和至少一种粘合剂的混合物。
本发明化合物和混合物及其组合物可以用于保护木质材料如树木、木栅栏、枕木、框架、艺术作品等,以及建筑物,但还有建筑材料、家具、皮革、纤维、乙烯基制品、电线和电缆等以防蚂蚁和/或白蚁并且防止蚂蚁和白蚁对作物或人类造成损害(例如当害虫侵入房子和公共设施时)。
在材料保护中的常规施用率例如为0.001-2000g或0.01-1000g活性组分I或混合物/m2被处理材料,理想的是0.1-50g/m2。
用于浸渍材料的杀虫组合物通常含有0.001-95重量%,优选0.1-45重量%,更优选1-25重量%至少一种驱除剂和/或杀虫剂。
害虫
本发明化合物尤其适合有效防治动物害虫如节肢动物、腹足动物和线虫,包括但不限于:
鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)昆虫,例如小蜡螟(Achroia grisella),长翅卷蛾属(Acleris spp.),如A.fimbriana,西黑头长翅卷蛾(A.gloverana),黑头长翅卷蛾(A.variana);Acrolepiopsis assectella,桑剑纹夜蛾(Acronicta major),褐带卷蛾属(Adoxophyes spp.),如拟小黄卷叶蛾(A.
cyrtosema),苹果小卷叶蛾(A.orana);烦夜蛾(Aedia leucomelas),地夜蛾属(Agrotis spp.),如警纹地老虎(A.exclamationis)、燕青地老虎(A.
fucosa)、小地老虎(A.ipsilon)、A.orthogoma、黄地老虎(A.segetum)、A.subterranea;棉叶波纹夜蛾(Alabama argillacea),螺旋粉虱(Aleurodicusdisperses),波林尺蛾(Alsophila pometaria),葡萄天蛾(Ampelophaga rubiginosa),Amyelois transitella,Anacampsis sarcitella,Anagasta kuehniella,桃条麦蛾(Anarsia lineatella),栎黄条大蚕蛾(Anisota senatoria),柞蚕(Antheraea pernyi),干煞夜蛾属(Anticarsia(=Thermesia)spp.),如黎豆夜蛾(A.gemmatalis);Apamea spp.,Aproaerema modicella,黄卷蛾属(Archips spp.),如果树黄卷蛾(A.
argyrospila),杏黄卷蛾(A.fuscocupreanus),玫瑰黄卷蛾(A.rosana),A.xyloseanus;苹果银蛾(Argyresthia conjugella),条小卷蛾属(Argyroploce spp.),带卷蛾属(Argyrotaenia spp.),如短叶松带卷蛾(A.
velutinana);Athetis mindara,Austroasca viridigrisea,丫纹夜蛾(Autographa gamma),黑点丫纹夜蛾(Autographa nigrisigna),甘蓝夜蛾(Barathrabrassicae),Bedellia spp.,Bonagota salubricola,籼弄蝶(Borbo cinnara),棉叶穿孔潜蛾(Bucculatrix thurberiella),松尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius),Busseola spp.,卷叶蛾属(Cacoecia spp.),如枞卷叶蛾(C.murinana)、黄尾卷叶蛾(C.podana);穿孔螟(Cactoblastis cactorum),粉斑螟蛾(Cadra cautella),Calingo braziliensis,Caloptilis theivora,Capua reticulana,Carposina spp.,如桃蛀果蛾(C.niponensis),桃小食心虫(C.sasakii);茎蜂属(Cephus spp.),麦茎大跳甲(Chaetocnema aridula),冬尺蛾(Cheimatobia brumata),禾草螟属(Chilo spp.),如C.indicus、二化螟(C.suppressalis)、C.partellus;Choreutis pariana,色卷蛾属(Choristoneura spp.),如柳色卷蛾(C.conflictana),云杉色卷蛾(C.fumiferana),苹果大卷叶蛾(C.longicellana),欧洲云杉卷叶蛾(C.murinana),西部云杉色卷蛾(C.occidentalis),C.rosaceana;夜蛾属(Chrysodeixis(=Pseudoplusia)spp.),南方银纹夜蛾如(C.eriosoma),大豆尺蠖(C.includens);粘虫(Cirphis unipuncta),葡萄果蠹蛾(Clysiaambiguella),Cnaphalocerus spp.,稻纵卷叶野螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis),云卷蛾属(Cnephasia spp.),向日葵螟(Cochylis hospes),鞘蛾属(Coleophora spp.),Coliaseurytheme,茶枝尖细蛾属(Conopomorpha spp.),Conotrachelus spp.,Copitarsia spp.,米螟(Corcyra cephalonica),玉米根结网毛虫(Crambus caliginosellus),早熟禾草螟(Crambus teterrellus),Crocidosema(=Epinotia)aporema,Cydalima(=Diaphania)perspectalis,小卷蛾属(Cydia(=Carpocapsa)spp.),如苹果小卷蛾(C.pomonella),坚果卷叶蛾(C.latiferreana);Dalaca noctuides,核桃配片舟蛾(Datana integerrima),Dasychira pinicola,松毛虫属(Dendrolimus spp.),如欧洲松毛虫(D.pini)、赤松毛虫(D.spectabilis),落叶松毛虫(D.sibiricus);葡萄小卷叶野螟(Desmia funeralis),Diaphania spp.,如黄瓜绢野螟(D.nitidalis),甜瓜绢野螟(D.hyalinata);西南玉米杆草螟(Diatraea grandiosella),小蔗螟(Diatraea saccharalis),Diphthera festiva,金刚钻属(Earias spp.),如埃及钻夜蛾(E.insulana),翠纹金刚钻(E.vittella);Ecdytolophaaurantianu,Egira(=Xylomyges)curialis,南美玉米苗斑螟(Elasmopalpuslignosellus),甘蔗钻心虫(Eldana saccharina),葡萄小食心虫(Endopiza viteana),榆秋黄尺蛾(Ennomos subsignaria),墨西哥水稻螟(Eoreuma loftini),粉斑螟属(Ephestiaspp.),如干果粉斑螟(E.cautella)、烟草粉斑螟(E.elutella)、地中海粉斑螟(E.kuehniella);夜小卷蛾(Epinotia aporema),苹果褐卷蛾(Epiphyas postvittana),菩提松尺蛾(Erannis tiliaria),蕉弄蝶(Erionota thrax),螟蛾属(Etiella spp.),Euliaspp.,女贞细卷蛾(Eupoecilia ambiguella),黄毒蛾(Euproctis chrysorrhoea),切夜蛾属(Euxoa spp.),Evetria bouliana,Faronta albilinea,夜蛾属(Feltia spp.),如粒肤地虎(F.subterranean);蜡螟(Galleria mellonella),Gracillaria spp.,食心虫属(Grapholita spp.),如李小食心虫(G.funebrana)、梨小食心虫(G.molesta),苹果小食心虫(G.inopinata);Halysidota spp.,黑拟蛉蛾(Harrisina americana),Hedylepta spp.,棉铃虫属(Helicoverpa spp.),如棉铃虫(H.armigera(=Heliothis armigera))、美洲棉铃虫(H.zea(=Heliothis zea));实夜蛾属(Heliothis spp.),如烟实夜蛾(H.assulta))、H.subflexa、烟芽夜蛾(H.virescens);Hellula spp.,如菜心野螟(H.undalis)、菜螟(H.rogatalis);Helocoverpa gelotopoeon,Hemileuca oliviae,水稻切叶野螟(Herpetogramma licarsisalis),Hibernia defoliaria,褐织蛾(Hofmannophilapseudospretella),向日葵同斑螟(Homoeosoma electellum),茶长卷蛾(Homonamagnanima),Hypena scabra,美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea),樱桃巢蛾(Hyponomeutapadella),苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeuta malinellus),柿蒂虫(Kakivoria flavofasciata),番茄虫蛾(Keiferia lycopersicella),铁杉尺蠖蛾(Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria),西方铁杉尺蠖蛾(Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa),豆卷叶螟(Lamprosema indicata),蠹食心虫(Laspeyresia molesta),大豆食心虫(Leguminivora glycinivorella),Lerodeaeufala,Leucinodes orbonalis,雪毒蛾(Leucoma salicis),潜叶蛾属(Leucopteraspp.),如咖啡潜叶蛾(L.coffeella)、旋纹潜蛾(L.scitella);Leuminivoralycinivorella,苹果斑幕潜叶蛾(Lithocolletis blancardella),绿果冬夜蛾(Lithophane antennata),Llattia octo(=Amyna axis),葡萄浆果小卷蛾(Lobesiabotrana),Lophocampa spp.,豆白隆切根虫(Loxagrotis albicosta),Loxostege spp.,如甜菜网螟(L.sticticalis),L.cereralis;毒蛾属(Lymantria spp.),如舞毒蛾(L.dispar)、模毒蛾(L.monacha);桃潜蛾(Lyonetia clerkella),Lyonetiaprunifoliella,天幕毛虫属(Malacosoma spp.),如苹天幕毛虫(M.americanum)、草原天幕毛虫(M.californicum)、森林天幕毛虫(M.constrictum)、黄褐天幕毛虫(M.neustria);甘蓝夜蛾属(Mamestra spp.),如甘蓝夜蛾(M.brassicae)、蓓带夜蛾(M.configurata);Mamstra brassicae,Manduca spp.,如番茄天蛾(M.quinquemaculata)、烟草天蛾(M.sexta);刷须野螟属(Marasmia spp),Marmara spp.,豆野螟(Maruca testulalis),Megalopyge lanata,Melanchra picta,暮眼蝶(Melanitis leda),Mocis spp.,如M.lapites,稻毛胫夜蛾(M.repanda);Mocis latipes,Monochroa fragariae,粘虫(Mythimna separata),Nemapogon cloacella,Neoleucinodes elegantalis,伪尺蛾属(Nepytia spp.),Nymphula spp.,Oiketicus spp.,豆啮叶野螟(Omiodes indicata),甘薯茎螟(Omphisa anastomosalis),冬尺蠖蛾(Operophtera brumata),黄杉合毒蛾(Orgyiapseudotsugata),Oria spp.,Orthaga thyrisalis,秆野螟属(Ostrinia spp.),如欧洲玉米螟(O.nubilalis);稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae),苹尺蛾(Paleacrita vernata),小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea),稻弄蝶属(Parnara spp.),普通蛀茎夜蛾(Papaipema nebris),大凤蝶(Papilio cresphontes),脐橙螟蛾(Paramyelois transitella),葡萄透翅蛾(Paranthrene regalis),无棕榈蝶蛾(Paysandisia archon),螟蛉属(Pectinophoraspp.),如彩色螟蛉(P.gossypiella);疆夜蛾(Peridroma saucia),潜叶蛾属(Perileucoptera spp.),如咖啡潜叶蛾(P.coffeella);圆掌舟蛾(Phalera bucephala),Phryganidia californica,烟尺蛾属(Phthorimaea spp.),如马铃薯麦蛾(P.operculella);柑桔潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella),潜叶蛾属(Phyllonorycterspp.),如斑幕潜叶蛾(P.blancardella),山楂潜叶蛾(P.crataegella),P.issikii,金纹细蛾(P.ringoniella);菜粉蝶属(Pieris spp.),如欧洲粉蝶(P.brassicae)、菜粉蝶(P.rapae)、绿脉菜粉蝶(P.napi);Pilocrocis tripunctata,苜蓿绿夜蛾(Plathypenascabra),Platynota spp.,如P.flavedana,P.idaeusalis,P.stultana;荷兰石竹小卷蛾(Platyptilia carduidactyla),豆灰蝶(Plebejus argus),印度谷螟(Plodiainterpunctella),Plusia spp,菜蛾(Plutella maculipennis),小菜蛾(Plutellaxylostella),Pontia protodica,Prays spp.,斜纹夜蛾属(Prodenia spp.),二点委夜蛾(Proxenus lepigone),粘虫属(Pseudaletia spp.),如P.sequax,一星粘虫(P.unipuncta);玉米螟(Pyrausta nubilalis),Rachiplusia nu,Richia albicosta,Rhizobius ventralis,Rhyacionia frustrana,Sabulodes aegrotata,Schizuraconcinna,Schoenobius spp.,Schreckensteinia festaliella,白禾螟属(Scirpophagaspp.),如三化螟(S.incertulas),S.
innotata;Scotia segetum,大螟属(Sesamia spp.),如水稻大螟(S.
inferens),葡萄修虎蛾(Seudyra subflava),麦蛾(Sitotroga cerealella),葡萄卷叶蛾(Sparganothis pilleriana),Spilonota lechriaspis,苹果小卷蛾(S.ocellana),灰翅夜蛾属(Spodoptera(=Lamphygma)spp.),如S.
cosmoides,S.eridania,甜菜夜蛾(S.exigua),草地夜蛾(S.frugiperda)、S.latisfascia,海灰翅夜蛾(S.littoralis)、斜纹夜蛾(S.litura)、黄条粘虫(S.
omithogalli);Stigmella spp.,Stomopteryx subsecivella,Strymonbazochii,棉卷叶野螟(Sylepta derogata),Synanthedon spp.,如小桃翅蛾(S.exitiosa),Tecia solanivora,Telehin licus,Thaumatopoea pityocampa,Thaumatotibia(=Cryptophlebia)leucotreta,松异舟蛾(Thaumetopoea pityocampa),Thecla spp.,Theresimima ampelophaga,Thyrinteina spp,Tildenia inconspicuella,Tinea spp.,如T.cloacella,袋谷蛾(T.pellionella);幕谷蛾(Tineola bisselliella),Tortrix spp.,如栎绿卷蛾(T.viridana);毛颤蛾(Trichophaga tapetzella),粉夜蛾属(Trichoplusia spp.),如粉纹夜蛾(T.ni);Tuta(=Scrobipalpula)absoluta,Udea spp.,如温室结网野螟(U.rubigalis);Virachola spp.,苹果巢蛾(Yponomeuta padella)和Zeiraphera canadensis;
鞘翅目(Coleoptera)昆虫,例如Acalymma vittatum,菜豆象(Acanthoscehdesobtectus),喙丽金龟属(Adoretus spp.),杨树萤叶甲(Agelastica alni),Agrilus spp.,如A.anxius、A.planipennis、梨窄吉丁(A.sinuatus);叩甲属(Agriotes spp.),如细胸叩头虫(A.fuscicollis)、条叩头虫(A.lineatus)、暗色叩头虫(A.obscurus);Alphitobiusdiaperinus,Amphimallus solstitialis,Anisandrus dispar,奥国塞丽金龟(Anisopliaaustriaca),家具窃蠹(Anobium punctatum),铜绿异丽金龟(Anomala corpulenta),红铜丽金龟(Anomala rufocuprea),星天牛属(Anoplophora spp.),如光肩星天牛(A.glabripennis);花象甲属(Anthonomus spp.),如胡椒跳甲(A.eugenii)、棉铃象甲(A.grandis)、苹花象(A.pomorum);圆皮蠹属(Anthrenus spp.),Aphthona euphoridae,梨象属(Apion spp.),阿鳃金龟属(Apogonia spp.),Athous haemorrhoidalis,隐翅甲属(Atomaria spp.),如甜菜隐食甲(A.linearis);毛皮蠹属(Attagenus spp.),黄守瓜(Aulacophora femoralis),纵坑切梢小蠹(Blastophagus piniperda),Blitophagaundata,Bruchidius obtectus,豆象属(Bruchus spp.),如欧洲兵豆象(B.lentis)、豌豆象(B.pisorum)、蚕豆象(B.rufimanus);苹卷象(Byctiscus betulae),Callidiellumrufipenne,Callopistria floridensis,绿豆象(Callosobruchus chinensis),Camerariaohridella,甜菜大龟甲(Cassida nebulosa),豆叶甲(Cerotoma trifurcata),金花金龟(Cetonia aurata),龟象属(Ceuthorhynchus spp.),如白菜籽龟象(C.assimilis)、芫菁龟象(C.napi);甜菜胫跳甲(Chaetocnema tibialis),Cleonus mendicus,宽胸叩头虫属(Conoderus spp.),如烟草金针虫(C.vespertinus);Conotrachelus nenuphar,根颈象属(Cosmopolites spp.),新西兰草地蛴螬(Costelytra zealandica),石刁柏负泥虫(Crioceris asparagi),正锈赤扁谷盗(Cryptolestes ferrugineus),杨干隐喙象(Cryptorhynchus lapathi),Ctenicera spp.,如C.destructor;象虫属(Curculio spp.),Cylindrocopturus spp.,Cyclocephala spp.,玉米铁甲虫(Dactylispa balyi),蛀茎虫(Dectes texanus),皮蠹属(Dermestes spp.),叶甲属(Diabrotica spp.),如对星瓢虫(D.undecimpunctata),南美叶甲(D.speciosa),长角叶甲(D.longicornis),D.semipunctata,玉米根萤叶甲(D.virgifera);柑椐象鼻虫(Diaprepes abbreviates),姓野螟属(Dichocrocis spp.),稻铁甲虫(Dicladispa armigera),阿根廷兜虫(Diloboderusabderus),Diocalandra frumenti(Diocalandra stigmaticollis),Enaphalodesrufulus,食植瓢虫属(Epilachna spp.),如墨西哥豆瓢虫(E.varivestis)、马铃薯瓢虫(E.vigintioctomaculata);毛跳甲属(Epitrix spp.),如烟草跳甲(E.hirtipennis)、E.similaris;Eutheola humilis,棉灰蒙象变种(Eutinobothrus brasiliensis),烟草钻孔虫(Faustinus cubae),Gibbium psylloides,Gnathocerus cornutus,菜螟(Hellulaundalis),非洲独角仙(Heteronychus arator),Hylamorpha elegans,欧洲松树皮象(Hylobius abietis),家天牛(Hylotrupes bajulus),Hypera spp.,如埃及苜蓿叶象(H.brunneipennis)、紫苜蓿叶象(H.postica);绿鳞象甲(Hypomeces squamosus),果小蠹属(Hypothenemus spp.),云杉八齿小蠹(Ips typographus),Lachnosternaconsanguinea,烟草甲(Lasioderma serricorne),Latheticus oryzae,Lathridius spp.,Lema spp.,如烟草负泥虫(L.bilineata),黑角负泥虫(L.melanopus);马铃薯叶甲属(Leptinotarsa spp.),如马铃薯叶甲(L.decemlineata);Leptispa pygmaea,甜菜叩甲(Limonius californicus),稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus),筒喙象属(Lixusspp.),Luperodes spp.,粉蠹属(Lyctus spp.),如褐粉蠹(L.bruneus);Liogenys fuscus,大趾属(Macrodactylus spp.),如M.subspinosus;玛绢金龟(Maladera matrida),Megaplatypus mutates,Megascelis spp.,Melanotus communis,菜花露尾甲属(Meligethes spp.),如油菜露尾甲(M.aeneus);Melolontha spp.,如大栗鳃金龟(M.hippocastani)、五月鳃金龟(M.melolontha);西印度蔗螟(Metamasius hemipterus),Microtheca spp.,Migdolus spp.,如M.fryanus,墨天牛属(Monochamus spp.),如松墨天牛(M.alternatus);Naupactus xanthographus,黄蛛甲(Niptus hololeucus),Oberiabrevis,Oemona hirta,椰蛀犀金龟(Oryctes rhinoceros),锯谷盗(Oryzaephilussurinamensis),Oryzaphagus oryzae,黑葡萄耳象(Otiorrhynchus sulcatus),草莓根象甲(Otiorrhynchus ovatus),黑葡萄耳象(Otiorrhynchus sulcatus),Oulema melanopus,稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae),小青花金龟(Oxycetonia jucunda),Phaedon spp.,如小猿叶虫(P.brassicae)、辣根猿叶甲(P.cochleariae);Phoracantha recurva,梨树叶象(Phyllobius pyri),庭园发丽金龟(Phyllopertha horticola),食叶鳃金龟属(Phyllophaga spp.),如P.helleri;条跳甲属(Phyllotreta spp.),如P.
chrysocephala、大豆淡足跳甲(P.nemorum)、黄曲条菜跳甲(P.striolata)、黄狭条跳甲(P.vittula);庭园发丽金龟(Phyllopertha horticola),日本金龟子(Popilliajaponica),小象甲属(Premnotrypes spp.),Psacothea hilaris,油菜蓝跳甲(Psylliodeschrysocephala),大谷蠹(Prostephanus truncates),Psylliodes spp.,蛛甲属(Ptinusspp.),Pulga saltona,谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica),红棕属(Rhynchophorus spp.),如R.billineatus,红棕象甲(R.ferrugineus),棕榈象甲(R.palmarum),R.phoenicis,R.
vulneratus;Saperda candida,Scolytus schevyrewi,Scyphophorusacupunctatus,豌豆叶象(Sitona lineatus),谷象属(Sitophilus spp.),谷象(S.granaria),米象(S.oryzae),玉米象(S.zeamais);尖隐喙象属(Sphenophorus spp.),如S.levis;Stegobium paniceum,茎干象属(Sternechus spp.),如S.subsignatus;Strophomorphus ctenotus,Symphyletes spp.,Tanymecus spp.,黄粉虫(Tenebriomolitor),Tenebrioides mauretanicus;拟谷盗属(Tribolium spp.),如赤拟谷盗(T.
castaneum);斑皮蠹属(Trogoderma spp.)、籽象属(Tychius spp.)、脊虎天牛属(Xylotrechus spp.),如X.pyrrhoderus;以及距步甲属(Zabrus spp.),如Z.tenebrioides);
双翅目(Diptera)昆虫,例如Aedes spp.,如埃及伊蚊(A.aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(A.albopictus)、剌扰伊蚊(A.vexans);墨西哥果蝇(Anastrepha ludens);按蚊属(Anopheles spp.),如白足按蚊(A.albimanus)、灾难按蚊(A.
crucians)、费氏按蚊(A.freeborni)、冈比亚按蚊(A.gambiae)、白踝按蚊(A.leucosphyrus)、五斑按蚊(A.maculipennis)、微小按蚊(A.minimus)、四斑按蚊(A.quadrimaculatus)、中华按蚊(A.sinensis);Bactrocera invadens,花园毛蚊(Bibiohortulanus),绿头蝇(Calliphora erythrocephala),红头丽蝇(Calliphora vicina),地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata),金蝇属(Chrysomyia spp.),如蛆症金蝇(C.bezziana),C.
hominivorax、腐败金蝇(C.macellaria);Chrysops atlanticus,鹿蝇(Chrysopsdiscalis),静斑虻(Chrysops silacea),锥蝇属(Cochliomyia spp.),如螺旋蝇(C.hominivorax);瘿蚊属(Contarinia spp.),如高粱瘿蚊(C.sorghicola);嗜人瘤蝇蛆(Cordylobia anthropophaga),库蚊属(Culex spp.),如斑蚊(C.nigripalpus),尖音库蚊(C.pipiens),致倦库蚊(C.quinquefasciatus),媒斑蚊(C.tarsalis),三带喙库蚊(C.tritaeniorhynchus);狂怒库蠓(Culicoides furens),无饰脉毛蚊(Culisetainornata),黑尾脉毛蚊(Culiseta melanura),黄蝇属(Cuterebra spp.),瓜蝇(Dacuscucurbitae),油橄榄实蝇(Dacus oleae),油菜叶瘿蚊(Dasineura brassicae),Dasineuraoxycoccana,地种蝇属(Delia spp.),如葱蝇(D.antique),麦地种蝇(D.coarctata),灰地种蝇(D.platura),甘蓝地种蝇(D.radicum);人肤皮蝇(Dermatobia hominis),果蝇属(Drosophila spp.),如斑翅果蝇(D.suzukii),厕蝇属(Fannia spp.),如小毛厕蝇(F.canicularis);胃蝇属(Gastraphilus spp.),如马蝇(G.intestinalis);Geomyzatipunctata,Glossina spp.,如G.fuscipes、刺舌蝇(G.morsitans)、须舌蝇(G.palpalis)、胶舌蝇(G.tachinoides),扰血蝇(Haematobia irritans),Haplodiplosis equestris,潜蝇属(Hippelates spp.),黑蝇属(Hylemyia spp.),如花生田灰地种蝇(H.platura);皮蝇属(Hypoderma spp.),如纹皮蝇(H.lineata);Hyppobosca spp.,水稻菲岛毛眼水蝇(Hydrellia philippina),Leptoconops torrens,Liriomyza spp.,如美洲斑潜蝇(L.sativae)、美国潜叶蝇(L.trifolii);Lucilia spp.,如L.caprina、铜绿蝇(L.cuprina)、丝光绿蝇(L.sericata);Lycoria pectoralis,Mansonia titillanus,Mayetiola spp.,如麦瘿蚊(M.destructor);Musca spp.,如秋家蝇(M.autumnalis)、家蝇(M.domestica);厩腐蝇(Muscina stabulans);Oestrus spp.,如羊狂蝇(O.ovis);Opomyzaflorum,Oscinella spp.,如瑞典麦秆蝇(O.frit);稻瘿蚊(Orseolia oryzae),天仙子泉蝇(Pegomya hysocyami),银足白蛉(Phlebotomus argentipes),草种蝇属(Phorbia spp.),如葱蝇(P.antiqua)、萝卜蝇(P.brassicae)、麦地种蝇(P.coarctata);Phytomyzagymnostoma,Prosimulium mixtum,胡萝卜茎蝇(Psila rosae),哥伦比亚鳞蚊(Psorophoracolumbiae),Psorophora discolor,Rhagoletis spp.,如樱桃实蝇(R.cerasi)、R.cingulate、R.indifferens、R.mendax、苹果实蝇(R.pomonella);Rivelliaquadrifasciata,麻蝇属(Sarcophaga spp.),如赤尾麻蝇(S.haemorrhoidalis);带蚋(Simulium vittatum),Sitodiplosis mosellana,螫蝇属(Stomoxys spp.),如厩螫蝇(S.
calcitrans);虻属(Tabanus spp.),如北美黑虻(T.atratus)、牛虻(T.
bovinus)、红色原虻(T.lineola)、二毛虫(T.similis);Tannia spp.,Thecodiplosis japonensis,Tipula oleracea,欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa)和污蝇属(Wohlfahrtia spp.);
缨翅目(Thysanoptera)昆虫,例如稻蓟马(Baliothrips biformis),兰花蓟马(Dichromothrips corbetti),Dichromothrips ssp.,Echinothrips americanus,Enneothrips flavens,花蓟马属(Frankliniella spp.),如烟褐蓟马(F.fusca)、苜蓿花蓟马(F.occidentalis)、东方花蓟马(F.tritici);
阳蓟马属(Heliothrips spp.),温室蓟马(Hercinothrips femoralis),卡蓟马属(Kakothrips spp.),Microcephalothrips abdominalis,Neohydatothrips samayunkur,Pezothrips kellyanus,腹突皱针蓟马(Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus),硬蓟马属(Scirtothrips spp.),如桔硬蓟马(S.citri),S.
dorsalis,S.perseae;Stenchaetothrips spp,Taeniothrips cardamoni,Taeniothrips inconsequens;蓟马属(Thrips spp.),如T.imagines、T.
hawaiiensis、稻蓟马(T.oryzae)、棕榈蓟马(T.palmi)、T.parvispinus、
烟蓟马(T.tabaci);
半翅目(Hemiptera)昆虫,例如合欢木虱(Acizzia jamatonica),Acrosternumspp.,如拟绿蝽(A.hilare);无网长管蚜属(Acyrthosipon spp.),如A.onobrychis、豌豆蚜(A.pisum);落叶松球蚜(Adelges laricis),Adelges tsugae,Adelphocoris spp.,如A.rapidus,A.
superbus;沫蜂属(Aeneolamia spp.),隆脉木虱属(Agonoscena spp.),茄无网蚜(Aulacorthum solani),Aleurocanthus woglumi,白粉虱属(Aleurodes spp.),Aleurodicus disperses,甘蔗穴粉虱(Aleurolobus barodensis),丝绒粉虱属(Aleurothrixus spp.),杧果叶蝉属(Amrasca spp.),南瓜缘蝽(Anasa tristis),拟丽蝽属(Antestiopsis spp.),Anuraphis cardui,肾圆盾蚧属(Aonidiella spp.),梨瘤蚜(Aphanostigma piri),Aphidula nasturtii,蚜属(Aphis spp.),如豆蚜(A.craccivora),甜菜蚜(A.fabae)、草莓根蚜(A.forbesi)、棉蚜(A.gossypii)、北美茶藨子蚜(A.grossulariae)、A.maidiradicis,苹果蚜(A.pomi)、接骨木蚜(A.sambuci)、希奈德蚜(A.schneideri)、卷叶蚜(A.spiraecola);葡萄阿小叶蝉(Arboridia apicalis),轮背猎蝽(Arilus critatus),小圆盾蚧属(Aspidiella spp.),圆盾蚧属(Aspidiotus spp.),Atanus spp.,Aulacaspis yasumatsui,茄无网蚜(Aulacorthum solani),Bactericeracockerelli(Paratrioza cockerelli),粉虱属(Bemisia spp.),如银叶粉虱(B.argentifolii)、烟粉虱(B.tabaci(Aleurodes tabaci));土长蝽属(Blissus spp.),如玉米长蝽(B.leucopterus);Brachycaudus spp.,如飞廉短尾蚜(B.cardui),李短尾蚜(B.helichrysi),桃短尾蚜(B.persicae),B.prunicola;微管蚜属(Brachycolus spp.),Brachycorynella asparagi,甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae),Cacopsylla spp.,如C.fulguralis、C.pyricola(梨木虱(Psylla piri));小褐稻虱(Calligypona marginata),俊盲蝽属(Calocoris spp.),斑腿微刺盲蝽(Campylomma livida),Capitophorus horni,Carneocephala fulgida,异背长蝽属(Cavelerius spp.),Ceraplastes spp.,Ceratovacuna lanigera,Ceroplastes ceriferus,Cerosipha gossypii,Chaetosiphonfragaefolii,Chionaspis tegalensis,Chlorita onukii,Chromaphis juglandicola,Chrysomphalus ficus,Cicadulina mbila,Cimex spp.,如热带臭虫(C.hemipterus)、温带臭虫(C.lectularius);Coccomytilus halli,软蚧属(Coccus spp.),如C.hesperidum、C.pseudomagnoliarum;Corythucha arcuata,Creontiades dilutus,茶藨子隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis),Chrysomphalus aonidum,茶藨隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis),Ctenarytaina spatulata,黑斑烟盲蝽(Cyrtopeltis notatus),Dalbulus spp.,胡椒缘蝽(Dasynus piperis),粉虱(Dialeurades spp.),如D.citrifolii;Dalbulus maidis,木虱属(Diaphorina spp.),如D.citri;白背盾蚧属(Diaspis spp.),如D.bromeliae;Dichelops furcatus,厚氏长棒网蝽(Diconocoris hewetti),Doralis spp.,高加索冷杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia nordmannianae),云杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia piceae),履绵蚧属(Drosicha spp.);西圆尾蚜属(Dysaphis spp.),如车前圆尾蚜(D.plantaginea)、梨西圆尾蚜(D.pyri)、居根西圆尾蚜(D.radicola);Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani;棉红蝽属(Dysdercus spp.),如棉红蝽(D.cingulatus)、D.intermedius;灰粉蚧属(Dysmicoccusspp.),Edessa spp.,Geocoris spp.,小绿叶蝉属(Empoasca spp.),如蚕豆微叶蝉(E.fabae)、索拉纳小绿叶蝶(E.solana);Epidiaspis leperii,绵蚜属(Eriosoma spp.),如E.lanigerum,E.pyricola;斑叶蝉属(Erythroneura spp.);扁盾蝽属(Eurygasterspp.),如麦扁盾蝽(E.integriceps);钝鼻叶蝉(Euscelis bilobatus),美洲蝽属(Euschistus spp.),如大豆褐椿(E.heros)、烟草蝽(E.impictiventris)、褐臭蝽(E.servus);Fiorinia theae,咖啡地粉蚧(Geococcus coffeae),Glycaspisbrimblecombei;茶翅蝽属(Halyomorpha spp.),如茶翅蝽(H.halys);角盲椿(Heliopeltisspp.),玻璃叶蝉(Homalodisca vitripennis(=H.coagulata)),Horcias nobilellus,李大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni),茶藨苦菜超瘤蚜(Hyperomyzus lactucae),吹绵蚧属(Icerya spp.),如I.purchase;片角叶蝉属(Idiocerus spp.),扁喙叶蝉属(Idioscopusspp.),灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus),蜡蚧属(Lecanium spp.),Lecanoideusfloccissimus,蛎盾蚧属(Lepidosaphes spp.),如L.ulmi;稻缘蝽属(Leptocorisa spp.),棉红铃喙缘蝽(Leptoglossus phyllopus),萝卜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi),草盲蝽属(Lygusspp.),如草盲蝽(L.hesperus)、美洲牧草盲蝽(L.lineolaris)、牧草盲蝽(L.pratensis);Maconellicoccus hirsutus,Marchalina hellenica,蔗黑长蝽(Macropes excavatus),长管蚜属(Macrosiphum spp.),如蔷薇长管蚜(M.rosae)、麦长管蚜(M.avenae)、大戟长管蚜(M.euphorbiae);Macrosteles quadrilineatus,Mahanarva fimbriolata,筛豆龟蝽(Megacopta cribraria),巢莱修尾蚜(Megoura viciae),Melanaphis pyrarius,高粱蚜(Melanaphis sacchari);Melanocallis(=Tinocallis)caryaefoliae,Metcafiellaspp.,麦无网蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum),黑缘平翅斑蚜(Monellia costalis),Monelliopsis pecanis;Myzocallis coryli,Murgantia spp.,瘤蚜属(Myzus spp.),如冬葱蚜(M.ascalonicus)、李瘤蚜(M.cerasi)、M.nicotianae、桃蚜(M.persicae)、黄药子瘤蚜(M.varians);黑茶藨子衲长管蚜(Nasonovia ribis-nigri),Neotoxoptera formosana,Neomegalotomus spp,黑尾叶蝉属(Nephotettix spp.),如马来亚黑尾叶蝉(N.malayanus)、二条黑尾叶蝉(N.nigropictus)、细小黑尾叶蝉(N.parvus)、二点黑尾叶蝉(N.virescens);绿蝽属(Nezara spp.),如稻绿蝽(N.viridula);褐飞虱(Nilaparvatalugens),Nysius huttoni,稻蝽属(Oebalus spp.),如稻蝽象(O.pugnax);Oncometopiaspp.,Orthezia praelonga,Oxycaraenus hyalinipennis,杨梅粉虱(Parabemisiamyricae),片盾蚧属(Parlatoria spp.),Parthenolecanium spp.,如P.corni、P.persicae;瘿绵蚜属(Pemphigus spp.),如囊柄瘿绵蚜(P.bursarius)、P.populivenae;玉米蜡蝉(Peregrinus maidis)、蔗飞虱(Perkinsiella saccharicida)、绵粉蚧属(Phenacoccus spp.),如P.aceris,P.gossypii;杨平翅绵蚜(Phloeomyzus passerinii),忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli),葡萄根瘤蚜属(Phylloxera spp.),如P.devastatrix;甜菜拟网蝽(Piesma quadrata),壁蝽属(Piezodorus spp.),如P.guildinii;苏铁褐点并盾蚧(Pinnaspis aspidistrae),臀纹粉蚧属(Planococcus spp.),如P.citri、P.ficus;Prosapia bicincta,梨形原绵蚧(Protopulvinaria pyriformis),棉伪斑腿盲蝽(Psallusseriatus),Pseudacysta persea,桑盾蚧(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona),粉蚧属(Pseudococcus spp.),如康氏粉蚧(P.comstocki);木虱属(Psylla spp.),如苹木虱(P.mali);金小蜂属(Pteromalus spp.),Pulvinaria amygdali,Pyrilla spp.,笠圆盾蚧属(Quadraspidiotus spp.),如Q.perniciosus;Quesada gigas,平刺粉蚧属(Rastrococcus spp.),Reduvius senilis,Rhizoecus americanus,红猎蝽属(Rhodniusspp.),冬葱瘤蛾蚜(Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus);缢管蚜属(Rhopalosiphum spp.),如萝卜蚜(R.pseudobrassicas)、苹草缢管蚜(R.insertum)、玉米蚜(R.maidis)、禾谷缢管蚜(R.padi);Sagatodes spp.,可可褐盲蝽(Sahlbergella singularis),黑盔蚧属(Saissetia spp.),Sappaphis mala,Sappaphis mali,Scaptocoris spp.,葡萄带叶蝉(Scaphoides titanus),麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum),Schizoneura lanuginosa,稻黑蝽属(Scotinophora spp.),刺盾蚧(Selenaspidus articulatus),禾谷网蚜(Sitobionavenae),长唇基飞虱属(Sogata spp.),白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera),Solubeainsularis,Spissistilus festinus(=Stictocephala festina),梨冠网蝽(Stephanitisnashi),Stephanitis pyrioides,Stephanitis takeyai,Tenalaphara malayensis,Tetraleurodes perseae,Therioaphis maculate,Thyanta spp.,如T.
accerra、T.perditor;Tibraca spp.,广胸沫蝉属(Tomaspis spp.),声蚜属(Toxoptera spp.),如桔二叉蚜(T.aurantii);白粉虱属(Trialeurodes spp.),如T.abutilonea、T.ricini、白粉虱(T.vaporariorum);锥猎蝽属(Triatoma spp.),个木虱属(Trioza spp.),小叶蝉属(Typhlocyba spp.),尖盾蚧属(Unaspis spp.),如U.Citri、矢尖蚧(U.yanonensis);以及葡萄根瘤蚜(Viteus vitifolii);
膜翅目(Hymenoptera)昆虫,例如Acanthomyops interjectus,新疆菜叶蜂(Athalia rosae),Atta spp.,如A.capiguara、切叶蚁(A.cephalotes)、切叶蚁(A.cephalotes)、A.laevigata、A.robusta、A.sexdens、A.
texana,熊蜂属(Bombus spp.),Brachymyrmex spp.,Camponotus spp.,如佛罗里达弓背蚁(C.floridanus)、C.pennsylvanicus、C.
modoc;Cardiocondyla nuda,Chalibion sp,举腹蚁属(Crematogaster spp.),天鹅绒蚂蚁(Dasymutilla occidentalis),松叶蜂属(Diprion spp.),姬胡蜂(Dolichovespula maculata),Dorymyrmex spp.,Dryocosmus kuriphilus,Formica spp.,实蜂属(Hoplocampa spp.),如H.minuta、苹叶蜂(H.testudinea);Iridomyrmex humilis,毛蚁属(Lasius spp.),如黑毛蚁(L.niger),阿根廷蚁(Linepithema humile),Liometopumspp.,
Leptocybe invasa,Monomorium spp.,如小黄家蚁(M.pharaonis),Monomorium,Nylandria fulva,Pachycondyla chinensis,Paratrechina longicornis,Paravespulaspp.,如P.germanica、P.
pennsylvanica、P.vulgaris;Pheidole spp.,如褐大头蚁(P.
megacephala);Pogonomyrmex spp.,如红蚂蚁(P.barbatus)、收割机蚂蚁(P.californicus),胡蜂(Polistes rubiginosa),Prenolepis impairs,Pseudomyrmexgracilis,Schelipron spp.,Sirex cyaneus,Solenopsis spp.,如热带火蚁(S.geminata)、红火蚁(S.invicta)、S.molesta、黑火蚁(S.richteri)、南方火蚁(S.xyloni);Sphecius speciosus,Sphex spp.,Tapinoma spp.,如T.melanocephalum、T.sessile;Tetramorium spp.,如T.caespitum、T.bicarinatum,大胡蜂属(Vespa spp.),如黄边胡蜂(V.crabro);Vespula spp.,如大黄蜂(V.squamosa);Wasmanniaauropunctata,Xylocopa sp;
直翅目(Orthoptera)昆虫,例如居屋艾蟋(Acheta domestica),意大利蝗(Calliptamus italicus),澳洲草栖蝗(Chortoicetes terminifera),Ceuthophilusspp.,Diastrammena asynamora,摩洛哥戟纹蝗(Dociostaurus maroccanus),Gryllotalpaspp.,如非洲蝼蛄(G.
africana)、蝼蛄(G.gryllotalpa);Gryllus spp.,非洲蔗蝗(Hieroglyphusdaganensis),印度黄檀蝗(Kraussaria angulifera),Locusta spp.,如飞蝗(L.migratoria)、褐色拟飞蝗(L.pardalina);Melanoplus spp.,如双纹黑蝗(M.bivittatus)、红足黑蝗(M.femurrubrum)、墨西哥黑蝗(M.
mexicanus)、迁飞黑蝗(M.sanguinipes)、石栖黑蝗(M.spretus);条纹红蝗(Nomadacris septemfasciata),塞纳加尔小车蝗(Oedaleus senegalensis),Scapteriscus spp.,Schistocerca spp.,如美洲沙漠蝗(S.
americana),沙漠蝗(S.gregaria),Stemopelmatus spp.,庭疾灶螽(Tachycinesasynamorus)和Zonozerus variegatus;
蜘蛛纲(Arachnida)害虫,例如蜱螨亚纲(Acari),如软蜱科(Argasidae)、硬蜱科(Ixodidae)和疥螨科(Sarcoptidae),如花蜱属(Amblyomma spp.)(例如长星形壁虱(A.americanum)、热带花蜱(A.variegatum)、斑点钝眼蜱(A.maculatum)),锐缘蜱属(Argasspp.),如波斯锐缘蜱(A.
persicu),牛蜱属(Boophilus spp.),如牛壁虱(B.annulatus)、消色牛蜱(B.decoloratus)、微小牛蜱(B.microplus),Dermacentor spp.,如森林革蜱(D.silvarum)、安氏革蜱(D.andersoni)、美洲大革蜱(D.variabilis),璃眼蜱属(Hyalommaspp.),如长喙璃眼蜱(H.truncatum),硬蜱属(Ixodes spp.),如蓖子硬蜱(I.ricinus)、浅红硬蜱(I.rubicundus)、黑脚硬蜱(I.scapularis)、全环硬蜱(I.holocyclus)、太平洋硬蜱(I.pacificus),Rhipicephalus sanguineus,钝缘蜱属(Ornithodorus spp.),如毛白钝缘蜱(O.moubata、赫氏钝缘蜱(O.hermsi)、回归热蜱(O.turicata),柏氏禽刺螨(Ornithonyssus bacoti),刺耳扁虱(Otobius megnini),鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssusgallinae),痒螨属(Psoroptes spp.),如绵羊疥病(P.ovis),扇头蜱属(Rhipicephalusspp.),如血红扇头蜱(R.sanguineus)、具尾扇头蜱(R.appendiculatus)、外翻扇头蜱(Rhipicephalus evertsi),根螨属(Rhizoglyphus spp.),疥螨属(Sarcoptes spp.),如人疥螨(S.scabiei);以及瘿螨科(Eriophyidae),包括Aceria spp.,如A.sheldoni、A.anthocoptes,Acallitus spp.,刺皮节蜱属(Aculops spp.),如A.lycopersici、桔锈螨(A.pelekassi);刺瘿螨属(Aculus spp.),如苹果刺锈螨(A.schlechtendali);Colomerusvitis,枣叶锈螨(Epitrimerus pyri),桔皱叶刺瘿螨(Phyllocoptruta oleivora);Eriophytes ribis和瘿螨属(Eriophyes spp.),如柑橘瘿螨(Eriophyes sheldoni);跗绒螨科(Tarsonemidae),包括半跗线螨属(Hemitarsonemus spp.),Phytonemus pallidus和侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemus latus),狭跗线螨属(Stenotarsonemus spp.),Steneotarsonemus spinki;细须螨科(Tenuipalpidae),包括短须螨属(Brevipalpusspp.),如紫红短须螨(B.phoenicis);叶螨科(Tetranychidae),包括始叶螨属(Eotetranychus spp.),真叶螨属(Eutetranychus spp.),小爪螨属(Oligonychus spp.),Petrobia latens,Tetranychus spp.,如朱砂叶螨(T.cinnabarinus)、T.evansi、神泽叶螨(T.kanzawai)、太平洋叶螨(T.pacificus)、T.phaseulus、棉叶螨(T.telarius)和二点叶螨(T.urticae);苜蓿苔螨(Bryobia praetiosa);全爪螨属(Panonychus spp.),如苹果叶螨(P.ulmi)、橘全爪螨(P.citri);Metatetranychus spp.和小爪螨属(Oligonychus spp.),如草地小爪螨(O.pratensis))、O.perseae,Vasates lycopersici;Raoiella indica,果螨科(Carpoglyphidae),包括Carpoglyphus spp.;Penthaleidae spp.,如Halotydeusdestructor;蠕形螨科(Demodicidae)数种,如Demodex spp.;Trombicidea,包括Trombicula spp.;巨刺螨科(Macronyssidae),包括Ornothonyssus spp.;蒲螨科(Pyemotidae),包括Pyemotes tritici;Tyrophagus putrescentiae;螨科(Acaridae),包括Acarus siro;蜘蛛目(Araneida),例如毒蜘蛛(Latrodectus mactans),Tegenariaagrestis,Chiracanthium sp,Lycosa sp,Achaearanea tepidariorum和褐丝蛛(Loxosceles reclusa);
线虫动物门(Phylum Nematoda)害虫,例如植物寄生性线虫,如根结线虫,根结线虫属(Meloidogyne),如北方根结线虫(M.hapla)、南方根结线虫(M.incognita)、爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica);胞囊线虫,球胞囊线虫属(Globodera),如马铃薯金线虫(G.rostochiensis);胞囊线虫属(Heterodera),如禾谷胞囊线虫(H.avenae)、大豆胞囊线虫(H.
glycines)、甜菜胞囊线虫(H.schachtii)、三叶草胞囊线虫(H.trifolii);种子肿瘿线虫,粒线虫属(Anguina);茎叶线虫,滑刃线虫属(Aphelenchoides),如水稻干尖线虫(A.besseyi);刺线虫,针刺线虫属(Belonolaimus),如杂草刺线虫(B.longicaudatus);松线虫,伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus),如松材线虫(B.lignicolus)、松材线虫(B.
xylophilus);环形线虫,环纹线虫属(Criconema),小环线虫属(Criconemella),如C.xenoplax和C.ornata,以及轮线虫属(Criconemoides),如Criconemoides informis,中环线虫属(Mesocriconema);球茎线虫,茎线虫属(Ditylenchus),如腐烂茎线虫(D.
destructor)、甘薯茎线虫(D.dipsaci);锥线虫,锥线虫属(Dolichodorus);螺旋形线虫,多带螺旋(Heliocotylenchus multicinctus);鞘线虫和鞘形线虫,鞘线虫属(Hemicycliophora)和Hemicriconemoides属;Hirshmanniella属;冠线虫,纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus)属;假根结线虫,真珠线虫属(Nacobbus);针线虫,长针线虫属(Longidorus)如伸展长针线虫(L.elongatus);根腐线虫,短体线虫属(Pratylenchus),如最短尾短体线虫(P.brachyurus)、疏忽短体线虫(P.
neglectus)、穿刺短体线虫(P.penetrans)、P.curvitatus、古迪短体线虫(P.goodeyi);穿孔线虫,穿孔线虫属(Radopholus),如香蕉穿孔线虫(R.
similis);Rhadopholus spp.;Rhodopholus spp.;肾形线虫,肾状线虫属(Rotylenchulus spp.),如盘旋线虫(R.robustus)、肾形肾脏线虫(R.
reniformis);盾线虫(Scutellonema)属;残根线虫,毛刺线虫属(Trichodorusspp.),如T.obtusus、原始毛刺线虫(T.primitivus);类毛刺属(Paratrichodorus),如P.minor;阻长线虫,矮化线虫属(Tylenchorhynchus),如克莱顿矮化线虫(T.claytoni)、不定矮化线虫(T.
dubius);柑桔线虫,小垫刃线虫(Tylenchulus)属,如柑桔半穿刺线虫(T.
semipenetrans);剑线虫,剑线虫属(Xiphinema);以及其他植物寄生性线虫种属;
等翅目(Isoptera)昆虫,例如黄颈木白蚁(Calotermes flavicollis),Coptotermes spp.,如台湾乳白蚁(C.formosanus)、C.gestroi、C.
acinaciformis;Cornitermes cumulans,Cryptotermes spp.,如C.
brevis、C.cavifrons;Globitermes sulfureus,Heterotermes spp.,如金黄异白蚁(H.aureus)、长头异白蚁(H.longiceps)、甘蔗白蚁(H.tenuis);
Leucotermes flavipes,土白蚁属(Odontotermes spp.),Incisitermes spp.,如I.minor、I.Snyder;Marginitermes hubbardi,Mastotermes spp.,如M.darwiniensis,Neocapritermes spp.,如N.opacus,N.parvus;
Neotermes spp.,Procornitermes spp.,Zootermopsis spp.,如Z.
angusticollis、Z.nevadensis,散白蚁属(Reticulitermes spp.),如R.
hesperus、R.tibialis、黄胸散白蚁(R.speratus)、黄肢散白蚁(R.
flavipes)、R.grassei、欧洲散白蚁(R.lucifugus)、R.santonensis、美小黑散白蚁(R.virginicus);Termes natalensis;
蜚蠊目(Blattaria)昆虫,例如Blatta spp.,如东方蜚蠊(B.orientalis)、B.
lateralis;Blattella spp.,如B.asahinae、德国小蠊(B.germanica);马德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaea maderae),Panchlora nivea,Periplaneta spp.,如美洲大蠊(P.americana)、澳洲蜚蠊(P.australasiae)、棕色蜚蠊(P.
brunnea)、黑胸大蠊(P.fuligginosa)、日本大蠊(P.japonica);Supellalongipalpa,Parcoblatta pennsylvanica,Eurycotis floridana,
Pycnoscelus surinamensis,
蚤目(Siphonoptera)昆虫,例如Cediopsylla simples,角叶蚤属(Ceratophyllusspp.),Ctenocephalides spp.,如(猫跳蚤(C.felis)、狗跳蚤(C.canis),印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis),致痒蚤(Pulex irritans),Trichodectes canis,穿皮潜蚤(Tungapenetrans)和具带病蚤(Nosopsyllus fasciatus);
缨尾目(Thysanura)昆虫,例如西洋衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)、Ctenolepismaurbana和斑衣鱼(Thermobia domestica);
唇足纲(Chilopoda)害虫,例如地蜈蚣属(Geophilus spp.)、蚰蜒属(Scutigeraspp.),如Scutigera coleoptrata;
倍足纲(Diplopoda)害虫,例如Blaniulus guttulatus、Julus spp.、Narceusspp.;
综合纲(Symphyla)害虫,例如Scutigerella immaculata,
革翅目(Dermaptera)昆虫,例如欧洲球螋(Forficula auricularia),弹尾目(Collembola)昆虫,例如棘跳虫属(Onychiurus ssp.),如武装棘跳虫(Onychiurusarmatus),
等足目(Isopoda)害虫,例如鼠妇(Armadillidium vulgare)、栉水虱(Oniscusasellus)、球鼠妇(Porcellio scaber);
毛虱目(Phthiraptera)昆虫,例如畜虱属(Damalinia spp.);人虱属(Pediculusspp.),如人头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis)、人体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis),Pediculus humanus humanus;阴虱(Pthirus pubis);血虱属(Haematopinus spp.),如牛血虱(Haematopinus eurysternus)、猪血虱(Haematopinus suis);颚虱属(Linognathusspp.),如犊颚虱(Linognathus vituli);牛虱(Bovicola bovis)、鸡虱(Menopongallinae)、大鸡虱(Menacanthus stramineus)和水牛盲虱(Solenopotes capillatus),嚼虱属(Trichodectes spp.);
可以由式(I)化合物防治的其他害虫品种的实例包括软体动物门(PhylumMollusca),双壳纲(Bivalvia),例如饰贝属(Dreissena spp.);腹足纲(Gastropoda),例如阿勇蛞蝓属(Arion spp.)、双脐螺属(Biomphalaria spp.)、小泡螺属(Bulinus spp.)、Deroceras spp.、土蜗属(Galba spp.)、椎实螺属(Lymnaeas pp.)、钉螺属(Oncomelaniaspp.),福寿螺(Pomacea canaliclata),琥珀螺属(Succinea spp.);蠕虫纲(helminths),例如十二指肠钩口线虫(Ancylostoma duodenale)、斯里兰卡钩口线虫(Ancylostomaceylanicum)、巴西钩口线虫(Acylostoma braziliensis)、钩口线虫属(Ancylostomaspp.)、似引蛔线虫(Ascaris lubricoides)、蛔虫属(Ascaris spp.)、马来布鲁线虫(Brugia malayi)、帝汶布鲁线虫(Brugia timori)、仰口线虫属(Bunostomum spp.)、夏伯特线虫属(Chabertia spp.)、枝睾吸虫属(Clonorchis spp.)、古柏线虫属(Cooperiaspp.)、双腔吸虫属(Dicrocoelium spp.)、丝状网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus filaria)、阔叶裂头绦虫(Diphyllobothrium latum)、麦地那龙线虫(Dracunculus medinensis)、细粒棘球绦虫(Echinococcus granulosus)、多房棘球绦虫(Echinococcus multilocularis)、蠕形住肠蛲虫(Enterobius vermicularis)、片吸虫属(Faciola spp.)、血矛线虫属(Haemonchus spp.)如捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus);异刺线虫属(Heterakisspp.)、矮小啮壳绦虫(Hymenolepis nana)、猪圆线虫属(Hyostrongulus spp.)、罗阿罗阿线虫(Loa Loa)、细颈线虫属(Nematodirus spp.)、结节线虫属(Oesophagostomum spp.)、后睾吸虫属(Opisthorchis spp.)、旋盘尾丝虫(Onchocerca volvulus)、奥斯脱线虫属(Ostertagia spp.)、并殖吸虫属(Paragonimus spp.)、血吸虫属(Schistosomen spp.)、富氏类圆线虫(Strongyloides fuelleborni)、粪类圆线虫(Strongyloides stercoralis)、粪圆线虫属(Stronyloides spp.)、牛带绦虫(Taenia saginata)、猪带绦虫(Taeniasolium)、旋毛形线虫(Trichinella spiralis)、本地毛形线虫(Trichinella nativa)、株布氏旋毛虫(Trichinella britovi)、南方旋毛虫(Trichinella nelsoni)、伪方定毛形线虫(Trichinella pseudopsiralis)、毛圆线虫属(Trichostrongulus spp.)、毛首鞭形线虫(Trichuris trichuria)、班氏吴策线虫(Wuchereria bancrofti)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,害虫选自半翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目或缨翅目,优选选自白粉虱属、黑尾叶蝉属、绿蝽属、蚜属、巢莱修尾蚜、瘤蚜属、实夜蛾属、禾草螟属、白禾螟属、花象甲属或蓟马属(兰花蓟马),更优选温室白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、大青叶蝉(二点黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix virescens))、稻褐飞虱(褐飞虱)、豇豆蚜(豆蚜(Aphis craccivora))、蚕豆修尾蚜(巢莱修尾蚜)、绿桃蚜(桃蚜)、烟夜蛾(烟芽夜蛾)、水稻螟虫/稻条螟—二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)、三化螟—三化螟(Tryporyza(=Scirpophaga)incertulas)、棉铃象甲(墨西哥棉铃象(Anthonomus grandis))或蓟马属(兰花蓟马);
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种在水稻中防治水稻无脊椎动物害虫的方法,该方法包括对所述水稻无脊椎动物害虫施用至少一种杀害虫活性非外消旋化合物(I)或其对映体或其混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种在水稻中防治水稻无脊椎动物害虫的方法,该方法包括对所述水稻无脊椎动物害虫施用至少一种杀害虫活性的具有对映体过量的化合物I-R的式(I)化合物或其混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种在水稻中防治水稻无脊椎动物害虫的方法,该方法包括对所述水稻无脊椎动物害虫施用至少一种杀害虫活性化合物I-R或其混合物。
水稻害虫:
在本发明上下文中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是出现在水稻中的动物害虫。水稻无脊椎动物害虫包括昆虫、螨类和线虫,优选昆虫。在水稻中众所周知的水稻无脊椎动物害虫包括但不限于下列品种:
半翅目(Hemiptera):
稻褐飞虱—褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)
灰飞虱—灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus)
白背飞虱—白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera)
苹白小叶蝉—白翅褐脉大叶蝉(Cofana spectra)
大青叶蝉—二点黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix virescens),N.nigriceps,稻黑尾叶蝉(N.cincticeps),马来亚黑尾叶蝉(N.malayanus)
锯齿叶蝉—电光叶蝉(Recilia dorsalis)
玉米橙叶蝉—双冠蝉(Cicadulina bipunctata)
紫菀叶蝉—二点叶蝉(Macrosteles fascifrons)
稻穗虫,大稻缘蝽(Leptocorisa oratorius),禾蛛缘椿象(L.acuta)
稻褐蝽—稻绿蝽(Nezara viridula),Pygomenida varipennis,二星蝽属
(Eysarcoris),Tibraca limbatriventris,广二星蝽(Eysarcoris ventralis)小臭虫—Oebalus poecilus,稻蝽象(O.pugnax)
缘蝽—二星蝽属(Eysarcoris sp)
麦长蝽—美洲毛谷杆长蝽(Blissus leucopterus leucopterus)
米粉虫,高粱轮粉蚧(Brevennia rehi),东亚粉蚧(Pseudococcus
saccharicola)
稻蚜,红腹缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis),麦长管蚜
(Macrosiphum avenae),狗尾草蚜(Hysteroneura setariae),黑腹四脉绵蚜(Tetraneuro nigriabdominalis)
豆根蚜—棉根蚜(Smynthurodes betae)
鳞翅目(Lepidoptera):
直纹稻弄蝶—稻苞虫(Parnara guttata),Melanitis Ieda ismene
水稻螟虫/稻条螟—二化螟(Chilo suppressalis),Chilo polychrusus,斑禾草螟(Chilo partellus),Chilo plejadellus
稻秆螟—Chilotraea polychrysa
稻螟—水稻大螟(Sesamia inferens)
三化螟—三化螟(Tryporyza(=Scirpophaga)incertulas)
稻白螟—稻白螟(Tryporyza innotata)
稻纵卷叶螟/卷叶螟—稻纵卷叶野螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis),Marasmiapatnalis,M.exigua
割穗毛虫/粘虫—Pseudaletia separata
绿毛虫—犁纹黄夜蛾(Xanthodes transversa)
稻螟蛉—绿稻毛虫(Narnaga aenescens)
绿角毛虫—Melanitis Ieda ismene,Mycalesis sp
草地夜蛾—草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)
切根虫—粘虫(Mythimna separata)
稻壳虫—稻三点螟(Nymphula depunctalis)
黑毛毛虫,鹿蛾属(Amata sp.)
毛毛虫—实毛胫夜蛾(Mocis frugalis)
黄毛虫,Psalis pennatula
稻半褐夜蛾,实毛胫夜蛾(Mocis frugalis)
稻拟尺蠖,Chrysodeixis chalcites
草螟—水稻切叶野螟(Herpetogramma licarsisalis)
甘蔗螟—小蔗螟(Diatraea saccharalis)
玉米螟—南美玉米苗斑螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)
条纹草夜蛾—Mocis latipes
玉米螟—玉米螟虫(Ostrinia nubilalis)
墨西哥螟虫—墨西哥水稻螟(Eoreuma loftini)
鞘翅目(Coleoptera):
水稻象鼻虫—稻水象甲(Lissorhopterus oryzophilus)
稻象虫—稻象甲(Echinocnemus squamous)
米象—早熟禾象甲(Oryzophagus oryzae)
稻穗甲(rice hispa)—水稻铁甲(Diclodispa armigera)
水稻负泥虫—稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae)
稻黑蝽—稻黑蝽(Scotinophora vermidulate),S.vermidulate,S.lurida,S.latiuscula
稻跳甲—黑凹胫跳甲(Chaetocnima basalis)
蛴螬—Leucopholis irrorata,Leucopholis irrorata,食叶鳃金龟属
(Phyllophaga sp),异爪犀金龟属(Heteronychus sp)
金龟子(bicho torito)—阿根廷兜虫(Diloboderus abderus)
谷象—尖隐喙象属(Sphenophorus spp)
葡萄肖叶甲—Colaspis brunnea,C.louisianae
稻花粉甲虫,Chilolaba acuta
双翅目(Diptera):
秆蝇—稻秆潜蝇(Chlorops oryzae)
潜叶蝇—日本稻潜蝇(Agromyza oryzae)
稻螺蛆/稻杆蝇—麦叶毛眼水蝇(Hydrellia sasakii)
稻螺蛆/稻小潜蝇—大麦水蝇(Hydrellia griseola)
稻瘿蚊—稻瘿蚊(Orseolia(=Pachydiplosis)oryzae)
稻飞虱—稻芒蝇(Atherigona oryzae)
稻种蠓—Chironomus cavazzai,Chironomus spp,Cricotopus spp缨翅目(Thysanoptera):
稻蓟马—稻蓟马(Chloethrips oryzae),稻管蓟马(Stenochaetothripsbiformis),Perrisothrips sp.,器管蓟马属(Hoplothrips sp.),直翅目(Orthoptera):
稻蝗,等歧蔗蝗(Hieroglyphus banian),高粱蔗蝗(Hieroglyphus
nigrorepletus),红褐斑腿蝗(Catantops pinguis),Attractomorpha burri,A.crenulate,A.psittacina psittacina,A.Bedeli,无齿稻蝗(Oxya adenttata),Oxyaebneri,小稻蝗(Oxya hyla intricata),Acrida turricata蝗虫—东亚飞蝗(Locustamigratoria manilensis)
蝼蛄,非洲蝼蛄(Grylotalpa africana)
蟋蟀:黄斑黑蟋蟀(Gryllus bimaculatus),黑脸油葫芦(Teleogryllusoccipitalis),Euscyrtus concinus
蚂蚱—长翅草螽(Conocephalus longipennis)
等翅目(Isoptera):
白蚁—暗黄大白蚁(Macrotermes gilvus),Syntermes molestans
膜翅目(Hymenoptera):
蚂蚁—热带火蚁(Solenopsis geminata)
水稻白梢线虫—水稻干尖线虫(Aphelenchoides besseyi)
蜱螨亚纲(Acari):
稻穗螨—Steotarsonemus pinki
甲壳纲(Crustacea):
蝌蚪虾—三眼恐龙虾(Triops longicaudatus),苏格兰小虾(T.
cancriformis)
小龙虾—螯虾(Procambarus clarkii),小龙虾(Orconectes virilis)。
此外,水稻受许多臭虫影响,包括中华稻缘蝽(Leptocorisa chinensis)、稻褐蝽(Lagynotomus elongates)、稻绿蝽(Nerzara viridula)、尖角二星蝽(Eysacorisparvus)、大稻缘蝽(Leptocorisa oratorius)、稻蝽象(Oebalus pugnax)、长肩棘缘蝽(Cletus trigonus),并受许多螨害、毛虫、甲虫、根虫和蛆等影响。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是嘴嚼口器昆虫。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是刺吸口器昆虫。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是锉虫。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是虹吸昆虫。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是海绵昆虫。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫选自稻褐飞虱(褐飞虱)、灰飞虱(灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus))、白背飞虱(白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera))、水稻螟虫/稻条螟(二化螟(Chilo suppressalis))、三化螟(Tryporyza(=Scirpophaga)incertulas)、稻纵卷叶螟/卷叶螟(稻纵卷叶野螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis))、水稻象鼻虫(稻水象甲(Lissorhopterus oryzophilus))。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫选自半翅目或鳞翅目。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫选自半翅目。在另一实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是跳虫,优选选自稻褐飞虱(褐飞虱)、灰飞虱(灰飞虱(Laodelphaxstriatellus))、白背飞虱(白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera))、大青叶蝉(二点黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix virescens))。在另一实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫选自稻褐飞虱(褐飞虱)和大青叶蝉(二点黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix virescens)),优选稻褐飞虱(褐飞虱)。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是稻褐飞虱(褐飞虱)。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是大青叶蝉(二点黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix virescens))。
在另一实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是蝽象,优选选自稻褐蝽(稻绿蝽、Pygomenida varipennis、二星蝽属(Eysarcoris)、Tibraca limbatriventris、广二星蝽(Eysarcoris ventralis))或小臭虫(Oebalus poecilus,稻蝽象(O.pugnax))。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫选自鳞翅目。在另一实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是钻心虫,优选二化螟,优选水稻螟虫(二化螟(Chilo suppressalis))或三化螟(Tryporyza(=Scirpophaga)incertulas)。
在另一实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是稻纵卷叶螟/卷叶螟(稻纵卷叶野螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis),Marasmia patnalis,M.exigua)。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫选自鞘翅目。在另一实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是水稻象鼻虫(稻水象甲(Lissorhopterus oryzophilus))。在另一实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫是米象(早熟禾象甲(Oryzophagus oryzae))。
在一个实施方案中,水稻无脊椎动物害虫选自白蚁科(等翅目)。
动物健康
本发明化合物和混合物适合用于处理或保护动物以防寄生虫侵染或感染。因此,本发明还涉及本发明化合物在在制造用于处理或保护动物以防寄生虫侵染或感染的药物中的用途。此外,本发明涉及一种处理或保护动物以防寄生虫侵染和感染的方法,包括对动物口服、局部或胃肠外给予或施用杀寄生虫有效量的本发明化合物。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物和混合物在处理或保护动物以防寄生虫侵染和感染中的非治疗用途。此外,本发明涉及一种处理或保护动物以防寄生虫侵染和感染的非治疗方法,包括对场所施用杀寄生虫有效量的本发明化合物。
本发明化合物和混合物进一步适合用于在动物中和动物上防除或防治寄生虫。此外,本发明涉及一种在动物中和动物上防除或防治寄生虫的方法,包括使寄生虫与杀寄生虫有效量的本发明化合物接触。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物和混合物在防治或防除寄生虫中的非治疗用途。此外,本发明涉及一种防除或防治寄生虫的非治疗方法,包括对场所施用杀寄生虫有效量的本发明化合物。
本发明化合物和混合物可以通过接触(经由土壤、玻璃、墙壁、蚊帐、地毯、毛毯或动物部分)和摄取(例如诱饵)二者而有效。此外,本发明化合物和混合物可以施用于任何和所有发育阶段。
本发明化合物和混合物可以直接或者以包含本发明化合物和混合物的组合物形式施用。
本发明化合物和混合物还可以与对病原性寄生虫起作用的混合配对一起施用,例如与合成球虫病化合物,聚醚抗生素,如氨丙啉、氯苯胍、托三嗪、莫能菌素、盐霉素、马度米星、拉沙里菌素、甲基盐霉素或生度米星,或与如上所定义的其他混合配对一起施用,或者以包含所述混合物的组合物形式施用。
本发明化合物和混合物以及包含它们的组合物可以口服、胃肠外或局部,例如经皮施用。本发明化合物和混合物可以内吸或者非内吸地有效。
施用可以预防性、治疗性或非治疗性地进行。此外,施用可以预防性地对预期出现寄生虫的地方进行。
本文所用术语“接触”包括直接接触(将化合物/组合物直接施用于寄生虫上,包括直接施用于动物上或者排除直接施用于动物上,例如对后者而言施用于其场所)和间接接触(将化合物/组合物施用于寄生虫的场所)二者。通过施用于寄生虫的场所接触寄生虫为本发明化合物和混合物的非治疗用途的实例。
术语“场所”是指栖息地、食物供应源、繁殖地、区域、材料或者其中寄生虫在动物外部生长或可能生长的环境。
本文所用术语“寄生虫”包括体内和体外寄生虫。在本发明的一些实施方案中,可能优选体内寄生虫。在其他实施方案中,可能优选体外寄生虫。在温血动物和鱼类中的侵染包括但不限于虱、咬虱、蜱、羊鼻蝇蛆、羊蜱蝇、螯蝇、家蝇、蝇、蛆蝇幼虫、恙螨、蚋、蚊和蚤。
本发明化合物和混合物尤其可以用于分别防除下列目和属的寄生虫:蚤(蚤目(Siphonaptera)),例如猫蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、狗蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、致痒蚤(Pulex irritans)、穿皮潜蚤(Tunga penetrans)和具带病蚤(Nosopsyllus fasciatus),蟑螂(蜚蠊目-Blattodea),例如德国小蠊(Blattella germanica)、Blattella asahinae、美洲蟑螂(Periplaneta americana)、日本大蠊(Periplaneta japonica)、棕色蜚蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、Periplanetafuligginosa、澳洲蜚蠊(Periplaneta australasiae)和东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis),蝇、蚊(双翅目),例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、剌扰伊蚊(Aedes vexans)、墨西哥果蝇(Anastrepha ludens)、五斑按蚊(Anophelesmaculipennis)、Anopheles crucians、白足按蚊(Anopheles albimanus)、疟蚊(Anophelesgambiae)、Anopheles freeborni、海南岛白踝按蚊(Anopheles leucosphyrus)、云南微小按蚊(Anopheles minimus)、四斑按蚊(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora vicina)、蛆症金蝇(Chrysomya bezziana)、Chrysomya hominivorax、Chrysomya macellaria、鹿蝇(Chrysops discalis)、Chrysops silacea、Chrysopsatlanticus、螺旋蝇(Cochliomyia hominivorax)、嗜人瘤蝇蛆(Cordylobiaanthropophaga)、狂怒库蠓(Culicoides furens)、尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、斑蚊(Culexnigripalpus)、致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)、媒斑蚊(Culex tarsalis)、Culisetainornata、Culiseta melanura、人肤皮蝇(Dermatobia hominis)、小毛厕蝇(Fanniacanicularis)、马蝇(Gasterophilus intestinalis)、刺舌蝇(Glossina morsitans)、须舌蝇(Glossina palpalis)、Glossina fuscipes、胶舌蝇(Glossina tachinoides)、Haematobia irritans、Haplodiplosis equestris、潜蝇属(Hippelates)、纹皮蝇(Hypoderma lineata)、Leptoconops torrens、Lucilia caprina、铜绿蝇(Luciliacuprina)、丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)、Lycoria pectoralis、沼蚊属(Mansonia)、家蝇(Musca domestica)、厩腐蝇(Muscina stabulans)、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)、银足白蛉(Phlebotomus argentipes)、Psorophora columbiae、Psorophora discolor、Prosimuliummixtum、赤尾肉蝇(Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis)、肉蝇属(Sarcophaga)、带蚋(Simuliumvittatum)、厩螫蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans)、牛虻(Tabanus bovinus)、Tabanus atratus、红色原虻(Tabanus lineola)和Tabanus similis;虱(毛虱目(Phthiraptera)),例如人头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis)、人体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、阴虱(Pthiruspubis)、牛血虱(Haematopinus eurysternus)、猪血虱(Haematopinus suis)、牛颚虱(Linognathus vituli)、Bovicola bovis、鸡虱(Menopon gallinae)、Menacanthusstramineus和Solenopotes capillatus;壁虱和寄生螨(寄螨目(Parasitiformes)):壁虱(蜱亚目(Ixodida)),例如黑脚硬蜱(Ixodes scapularis)、全环硬蜱(Ixodesholocyclus)、太平洋硬蜱(Ixodes pacificus)、棕色犬壁虱(Rhiphicephalussanguineus)、安氏革螨(Dermacentor andersoni)、美洲大革螨(Dermacentorvariabilis)、长星形壁虱(Amblyomma americanum)、Ambryomma maculatum、Ornithodorushermsi、Ornithodorus turicata以及寄生螨(甲螨亚目(Mesostigmata)),例如柏氏禽刺螨(Ornithonyssus bacoti)和鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae);辐螨亚目(Actinedida)(前气门亚目(Prostigmata))和粉螨亚目(Acaridida)(无气门目(Astigmata)),例如Acarapis spp.、Cheyletiella spp.、Ornithocheyletia spp.、鼠螨属(Myobia)、Psorergates spp.、蠕形螨属(Demodex)、恙螨属(Trombicula)、Listrophorus spp.、粉螨属(Acarus)、食酪螨属(Tyrophagus)、嗜木螨属(Caloglyphus)、Hypodectes spp.、Pterolichus spp.、痒螨属(Psoroptes)、疥螨属(Chorioptes)、耳痒螨属(Otodectes)、Sarcoptes spp.、背肛螨属(Notoedres)、膝螨属(Knemidocoptes)、Cytodites spp.和Laminosioptes spp.;臭虫(Heteropterida):温带臭虫(Cimex lectularius)、热带臭虫(Cimex hemipterus)、Reduvius senilis、锥蝽属(Triatoma)、锥蝽属(Rhodnius)、Panstrongylus ssp.和Arilus critatus,虱目(Anoplurida),例如Haematopinus spp.、Linognathus spp.、Pediculus spp.、Phtirus spp.和Solenopotes spp.;食毛目(Mallophagida)(Arnblycerina和Ischnocerina亚目),例如Trimenopon spp.、Menoponspp.、Trinoton spp.、Bovicola spp.、Werneckiella spp.、Lepikentron spp.、Trichodectes spp.和Felicola spp.;蛔虫(线虫纲(Nematoda)):金针虫和Trichinosis(毛管目(Trichosyringida)),例如毛形科(Trichinellidae)(毛形属(Trichinella))、毛首科(Trichuridae)、Trichuris spp.、毛细线虫属(Capillaria);杆形目(Rhabditida),例如小杆线虫属(Rhabditis)、Strongyloides spp.、Helicephalobus spp.;圆线虫目(Strongylida),例如Strongylus spp.、Ancylostoma spp.、美洲钩虫(Necatoramericanus)、Bunostomum spp.(钩虫)、毛圆线虫属(Trichostrongylus)、捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus)、Ostertagia spp.、Cooperia spp.、细颈线虫属(Nematodirus)、Dictyocaulus spp.、Cyathostoma spp.、结节线虫属(Oesophagostomum)、猪肾虫(Stephanurus dentatus)、Ollulanus spp.、夏伯特线虫属(Chabertia)、猪肾虫、气管比翼线虫(Syngamus trachea)、Ancylostoma spp.、钩虫属(Uncinaria)、球首线虫属(Globocephalus)、Necator spp.、后圆线虫属(Metastrongylus)、毛样缪勒线虫(Muellerius capillaris)、Protostrongylus spp.、管圆线虫属(Angiostrongylus)、Parelaphostrongylus spp.、Aleurostrongylus abstrusus和肾膨结线虫(Dioctophymarenale);肠线虫(蛔目(Ascaridida)),例如似蚓蛔线虫(Ascaris lumbricoides)、猪蛔虫(Ascaris suum)、鸡蛔虫(Ascaridia galli)、马副蛔虫(Parascaris equorum)、蛲虫(Enterobius vermicularis)(蛲虫)、犬弓首蛔虫(Toxocara canis)、犬蛔虫(Toxascarisleonine)、Skrjabinema spp.和马尖尾线虫(Oxyuris equi);Camallanida,例如Dracunculus medinensis(麦地那龙线虫);旋尾目(Spirurida),例如Thelazia spp.、丝虫属(Wuchereria)、Brugia spp.、Onchocerca spp.、Dirofilari spp.、Dipetalonema spp.、Setaria spp.、Elaeophora spp.、狼尾旋线虫(Spirocerca lupi)和丽线虫属(Habronema);棘头虫(棘头动物门(Acanthocephala)),例如Acanthocephalus spp.、猪巨吻棘头虫(Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus)和棘头虫属(Oncicola);扁虫类(Planarians)(扁形动物门(Plathelminthes)):肝吸虫(Flukes)(吸虫纲(Trematoda)),例如肝片形吸虫属(Faciola)、Fascioloides magna、并殖吸虫属(Paragonimus)、双腔吸虫属(Dicrocoelium)、布氏姜片吸虫(Fasciolopsis buski)、华枝睾吸虫(Clonorchissinensis)、血吸虫属(Schistosoma)、毛毕吸虫属(Trichobilharzia)、有翼翼形吸虫(Alaria alata)、并殖吸虫属和Nanocyetes spp;Cercomeromorpha,尤其是Cestoda(绦虫),例如裂头绦虫属(Diphyllobothrium)、Tenia spp.、棘球绦虫属(Echinococcus)、犬复孔绦虫(Dipylidium caninum)、Multiceps spp.、膜壳绦虫属(Hymenolepis)、中殖孔绦虫属(Mesocestoides)、Vampirolepis spp.、Moniezia spp.、Anoplocephala spp.、Sirometra spp.、Anoplocephala spp.和Hymenolepis spp.。
本文所用术语“动物”包括温血动物(包括人类)和鱼类。优选哺乳动物,如牛、绵羊、猪、骆驼、鹿、马、小猪、家禽、兔、山羊、狗和猫,水牛、驴、黇鹿和驯鹿,以及还有产皮动物如貂、毛丝鼠和浣熊,禽类如母鸡、鹅、火鸡和鸭以及鱼类如淡水鱼和咸水鱼如鲑鱼、鲤鱼和鳗鱼。特别优选家养动物,如狗或猫。
通常而言,“杀寄生虫有效量”是指对生长获得可观察到的效果所需的活性成分的量,所述效果包括坏死、死亡、阻滞、预防和去除效果,破坏效果或减少目标生物体的出现和活动的效果。对于用于本发明的各种化合物/组合物,杀寄生虫有效量可以变化。组合物的杀寄生虫有效量也会根据主要条件如所需杀寄生虫效果及持续时间、目标物种、施用方式等而变化。
通常有利的是以0.5-100mg/kg/天,优选1-50mg/kg/天的总量施用本发明化合物和混合物。
为了对温血动物口服给药,可以将本发明化合物和混合物配制成动物饲料、动物饲料预混物、动物饲料浓缩物、丸剂、溶液、糊、悬浮液、浸液、凝胶、片剂、大丸剂和胶囊。此外,本发明化合物和混合物可以在其饮用水中给药于动物。对于口服给药,所选择的剂型应为动物提供0.01-100mg/kg动物体重/天,优选0.5-100mg/kg动物体重/天的组分I化合物。
或者,本发明化合物(组分I)和混合物可以肠胃外给药于动物,例如通过腔内、肌内、静脉内或皮下注射。本发明化合物(组分I)和混合物可以分散或溶于对于皮下注射而言生理上可接受的载体中。或者,本发明化合物(组分I)和混合物可配制成皮下给药用植入物。此外,组分I化合物可以透皮给药于动物。对于肠胃外给药,所选剂型应为动物提供0.01-100mg/kg动物体重/天的组分I化合物。
本发明化合物(组分I)和混合物还可以浸液、粉剂、粉末、套环、挂牌(medallions)、喷雾剂、香波、滴施(spot-on)和喷淋(pour-on)配制剂形式以及以软膏或水包油或油包水乳液局部给药于动物。对于局部施用,浸液和喷雾剂通常含有0.5-5,000ppm,优选1-3,000ppm组分I。此外,本发明化合物(组分I)和混合物可以配制成动物,特别是四足动物如牛和绵羊用耳贴。
合适的制剂是:
-溶液,如口服溶液、稀释后口服给药用浓缩物、用于皮肤上或用于体腔内的溶液、喷淋配制剂、凝胶;
-口服或皮肤给药乳液和悬浮液;半固体制剂;
-其中将活性组分I或II或混合物在软膏基质中或在水包油或油包水乳液基质中加工的配制剂;
-固体制剂如粉末、预混物或浓缩物、颗粒、丸剂、片剂、大丸剂、胶囊;
气雾剂和吸入剂,以及含有活性化合物的成型制品。
适合注射的组合物通过将活性成分溶于合适的溶剂中并任选加入其他助剂如酸、碱、缓冲盐、防腐剂和加溶剂而制备。适合注射液的助剂在本领域中是已知的。过滤这些溶液并无菌填充。
口服溶液直接给药。浓缩物在预先稀释至使用浓度之后口服给药。口服溶液和浓缩物根据现有技术如上面对注射液所述制备,并不必需无菌程序。
用于皮肤上的溶液滴施、涂施、擦施、洒施或喷施。用于皮肤上的溶液根据现有技术以及上面对注射液所述制备,并不必需无菌程序。
将凝胶施加或涂敷在皮肤上或引入体腔中。凝胶通过用足以得到具有软膏状稠度的透明材料的增稠剂处理如在注射液情况下所述制备的溶液而制备。合适的增稠剂在本领域中是已知的。
将喷淋配制剂倒在或喷雾在限定的皮肤区域,活性化合物I或混合物渗透进皮肤并内吸起作用。喷淋配制剂通过将活性组分I或II或混合物在合适的皮肤相容性溶剂或溶剂混合物中溶解、悬浮或乳化而制备。合适的话加入其他助剂如着色剂、生物吸收促进物质、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂、粘合剂。合适的该类助剂在本领域中是已知的。
乳液可以口服、经皮给药或作为注射液给药。乳液呈油包水型或水包油型。它们通过将活性组分I或混合物溶于疏水性或亲水性相中并借助合适的乳化剂以及合适的话其他助剂如着色剂、吸收促进物质、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂、粘度提高物质用另一相的溶剂均化而制备。合适的疏水相(油)、合适的亲水相、合适的乳化剂和合适的其他乳液用助剂在本领域中是已知的。
悬浮液可以口服或局部/经皮给药。它们通过将活性组分I或II或混合物悬浮于悬浮剂中而制备,合适的话加入其他助剂如润湿剂、着色剂、生物吸收促进物质、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂。合适的悬浮剂和合适的其他悬浮液用助剂—包括润湿剂—在本领域中是已知的。
半固体制剂可以口服或局部/经皮给药。它们与上述悬浮液和乳液的不同仅在于它们具有更高粘度。
为了生产固体制剂,将活性组分I或II或混合物与合适的赋形剂混合,合适的话加入助剂,并且制成所需剂型。适合该目的的助剂在本领域中是已知的。
可以用于本发明的组合物通常可以包含约0.001-95%本发明组分I。
即用制剂以10重量ppm-80重量%,优选0.1-65重量%,更优选1-50重量%,最优选5-40重量%的浓度含有对寄生虫,优选体外寄生虫起作用的化合物。
在使用前稀释的制剂以0.5-90重量%,优选1-50重量%的浓度含有对体外寄生虫起作用的化合物。
此外,制剂以10重量ppm-2重量%,优选0.05-0.9重量%,非常特别优选0.005-0.25重量%的浓度包含对抗体内寄生虫的组分I。
局部施用可以用含有化合物的成型制品如套环、挂牌、耳贴、在身体部分上固定用的绑带以及粘合条和箔进行。
通常有利的是施用在三周内以10-300mg/kg,优选20-200mg/kg,最优选25-160mg/kg被处理动物体重的总量释放本发明化合物(组分I)和混合物的固体配制剂。
实施例
步骤1:2-氯-N-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺
将N-甲氧基甲胺盐酸盐(345g)和水(1.5L)冷却至0℃。分批向该反应混合物中加入K2CO3(1466g),然后在0℃下加入甲基叔丁基醚(1000mL)。将反应混合物冷却至-5℃。在-5℃至0℃下滴加在甲基叔丁基醚(500ml)中的氯乙酰氯(400g)并在0℃下搅拌2小时。使反应混合物达到20-25℃。由有机层以白色固体得到所需产物(438g,90%产率;98.45% HPLC纯度)。步骤2:2-氯-1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)乙酮
在氮气气氛下将在750ml四氢呋喃中的2-氯噻唑(187ml)冷却至-20℃。滴加异丙基氯化镁×LiCl(1684ml,1.3M,在四氢呋喃中)并在-20℃下搅拌60分钟。在-20℃至-25℃下滴加2-氯-N-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺(250g)的四氢呋喃溶液。将反应混合物在-20℃下搅拌90分钟。在-20℃下加入饱和氯化铵水溶液,然后使反应混合物达到20-25℃。分离两相并将水相用乙酸乙酯萃取。从合并的有机层以深褐色油状物得到所需粗产物,将其在甲基叔丁基醚中用活性炭和二氧化硅处理而以浅褐色油状物得到直接用于下一步的粗产物(335g)。
步骤3:N-[2-氯-1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)亚乙基]-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺
在20-25℃和氮气气氛下向在四氢呋喃中的粗2-氯-1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)乙酮(335g)中加入叔丁基亚磺酰胺(206g)和Ti(OEt)4(396ml)。将该混合物加热至50℃并搅拌2小时,然后冷却至20-25℃并用乙酸乙酯稀释。在加入水之后将该混合物搅拌30分钟,然后过滤。蒸发有机相,以褐色油状物得到所需粗产物。在甲基叔丁基醚中用活性炭和二氧化硅处理之后以浅褐色油状物得到直接用于下一步中的粗产物(365g)。
步骤4:N-[2-氯-1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)乙基]-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺
在-5℃下向在四氢呋喃和甲醇中的N-[2-氯-1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)亚乙基]-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(365g)中分批加入NaBH4(23g)并搅拌30分钟。在0℃下加入饱和氯化铵水溶液。在用乙酸乙酯萃取之后,有机层以褐色油状物得到所需粗产物(310g)。
步骤5:2-氯-1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)乙胺盐酸盐
将N-[2-氯-1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)乙基]-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺与HCl的甲醇溶液(1M,620mL)在20-25℃下搅拌12小时。在真空下除去甲醇得到浅黄色粘性固体(244g),将其用甲基叔丁基醚洗涤,然后用乙酸乙酯洗涤,得到浅黄色固体(78g,步骤2-5的产率为26%,>98%纯度)。
步骤6:4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-N-甲基噻唑烷-2-亚胺
将在甲基叔丁基醚中的2-氯-1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)乙胺盐酸盐(285g)和2M NaOH水溶液(1060mL)在23℃下搅拌20分钟。有机层以浅褐色油状物得到游离胺(230g)。
使在乙醇中的该胺(230g)与三乙胺NEt3(351ml)和Me-NCS(143.2g)在22-25℃下反应18小时。将反应物浓缩而得到褐色残余物,向其中加入NaOH水溶液(114g,在920mL水中)。将所得混合物加热至100℃并保持2小时,然后冷却至20-25℃并用水稀释。在用乙酸乙酯萃取之后,有机层以褐色固体得到粗4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-N-甲基噻唑烷-2-亚胺(256g),将其用在庚烷中的20%乙酸乙酯(300mL)搅拌30分钟。在过滤之后以褐色固体得到产物(245g,85%产率)。
在110-115℃下搅拌在甲苯中的4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-N-甲基噻唑烷-2-亚胺(110g)。在加入2-苯基丙二酸二(4-氯苯基)酯(226g)之后,将反应混合物在该温度下搅拌2小时,然后冷却至40-45℃。在真空下除去甲苯之后,得到褐色固体,将其用甲基叔丁基醚研制而得到黄色固体。
在甲基叔丁基醚(1L)中在22-25℃下搅拌14小时得到浅黄色固体(160g)。通过溶于二氯甲烷中并用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀而进一步提纯,以浅黄色细粉得到所需产物(129g,80%产率)。
*:HPLC方法:保留时间,分钟;质量电荷比m/z
HPLC方法A:
MSD4/5:Shimadzu Nexera UHPLC+Shimadzu LCMS 20-20,ESI
柱:Phenomenex Kinetex 1.7μm XB-C18 100A,50×2.1mm
移动相:A:水+0.1%三氟乙酸;B:乙腈,温度:60℃
梯度:在1.50min内5% B至100% B;100% B 0.25min
流速:在1.51min内0.8ml/min至1.0ml/min
MS方法:ESI正性,质量范围(m/z):100-700
HPLC方法B:
MSD4/5:Shimadzu Nexera UHPLC+Shimadzu LCMS 20-20,ESI
柱:Agilent Eclipse Plus C18,50mm×4.6mm×3
移动相:A=10mM甲酸铵(0.1%甲酸)B=乙腈(0.1%甲酸),流速=1.2ml/min。
柱加热炉:30C
梯度=10% B至100% B—1.5min,保持1min,2.51min—10% B;运行时间=3.50min
HPLC方法C:
与方法A相同,但MS方法:ESI正性,质量范围(m/z):100-1400实施例—对映体的分离:
R-3-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-8-甲基-7-氧代-6-苯基-2,3-二氢噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶
实施例1的3-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-8-甲基-7-氧代-6-苯基-2,3-二氢噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶-8--5-醇盐的对映体可以通过制备型手性超临界流体色谱法分离。分离126g rac-3-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-8-甲基-7-氧代-6-苯基-2,3-二氢噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶-8--5-醇盐。这得到53.4g保留时间为1.94min的R-3-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-8-甲基-7-氧代-6-苯基-2,3-二氢噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶-8--5-醇盐和57.7g保留时间为1.41min的S-3-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-8-甲基-7-氧代-6-苯基-2,3-二氢噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶-8--5-醇盐。这些保留时间涉及下面引用的分析方法。手性中心的构型由X射线分析确定。
分析分离方法:
仪器:Thar分析型SFC
柱:Chiralpak AS-H,150×4.6mm i.d.,5u
移动相:A表示CO2且B表示MeOH,梯度:B%=40%
流速:4.0mL/min,反压:100巴,柱温:35℃
波长:220nm
制备型分离方法:
仪器:Thar 80制备型SFC
柱:Chiralcel OJ-H,250×30mm I.D.5u
移动相:A表示CO2且B表示CH3CN,梯度:B%=50%
流速:80g/min,反压:100巴,柱温:40℃
波长:220nm
循环时间:6.5min
样品制备:将外消旋材料溶于MeOH-CH3CN-DCM(1:1:0.5)的混合溶液中至20mg/mL并滤过孔度为0.45um的膜。
注射:4mL/注射
在分离之后,经由旋转蒸发器在35℃的浴温下将级分干燥而得到两种对映体。
具有对映体过量的式I化合物的制备:
表征可以通过联用的高效液相色谱法/质谱法(HPLC/MS)、气相色谱法(GC)、NMR或其熔点进行。
HPLC方法:Agilent Eclipse Plus C18,150mmx4.6mm ID×5um
梯度A=在水中的0.1% TFA,B=在乙腈中的0.1% TFA。
流速=1.4ml/min.,柱加热炉温度=30C
梯度程序=10% B—100% B—5min,保持2min,3min—10% B。
运行时间=10min LCMS方法1:C18柱(50mm×3.0mm×3μ)
梯度A=10Mm甲酸铵水溶液,B=在乙腈中的0.1%甲酸
流速=1.2ml/min.,柱加热炉温度=40℃
梯度程序=在1.5min.内10% B至100% B,保持1min 100% B,1min—10%B
运行时间:3.75min
手性HPLC方法1:ChiralPak IA柱,150mm×4.6mm×5μ
移动相A=庚烷,B=异丙醇,流速=1.0ml/min,柱加热炉温度=40℃
梯度程序=10% B等度洗脱;运行时间:20min
手性HPLC方法3:ChiralPak IA柱,150mm×4.6mm×5μ
移动相A=庚烷,B=异丙醇,流速=1.0ml/min,柱加热炉温度=40℃
梯度程序=40% B等度洗脱;运行时间:20min
1H-NMR:信号由相对于四甲基硅烷的化学位移(ppm)、其多重性及其积分(所给氢原子的相对数)表征。使用下列缩写表征信号的多重性:m=多重峰,q=四重峰,t=三重峰,d=双峰和s=单峰。
所用缩写为:h表示小时,min表示分钟,rt表示保留时间且环境温度表示20-25℃。
步骤1:制备2-氯-N-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺:
向装有特氟隆桨叶搅拌器、回流冷凝器和温度计槽(thermo-pocket)的3L四颈烧瓶中加入N-甲氧基甲胺盐酸盐(345g)、水(1.6L)并将所得反应混合物冷却至0℃至-5℃。然后将碳酸钾(1466g)分批加入上述反应混合物中,然后加入甲基叔丁基醚(1.4L)。将该氯代乙酰氯(400g)溶于叔丁基甲基醚(0.2L)中,滴加到上面保持在-5℃至0℃下的反应混合物中并将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时。使反应混合物达到环境温度并分离两相。将有机层在硫酸钠上干燥,过滤并蒸发而以白色固体提供2-氯-N-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺(440g,90%产率和HPLC纯度98.0面积%)。
步骤2:制备2-氯-1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)乙烯酮:
向装有特氟隆桨叶搅拌器、回流冷凝器和温度计槽的5L四颈烧瓶中加入2-氯噻唑(250g)、THF(0.75L)并将所得反应混合物冷却至0℃至-5℃。然后在0.5小时内将异丙基氯化镁·氯化锂(1.929L,1.3M THF溶液)加入上面保持在0℃至-5℃下的反应混合物中。然后将反应混合物加热至40℃并使该反应在40℃下进行2小时。(2-氯噻唑-5-基)氯化镁物质的形成通过用碘猝灭小等分的反应混合物并通过GC分析监测2-氯-5-碘噻唑的形成(GC分析观察到96%转化率)而证实。将反应混合物冷却至0℃至-5℃并滴加2-氯-N-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺(343g)在THF(0.25L)中的溶液。将该反应在-5℃至0℃下继续1小时并通过HPLC监测反应进程。将反应混合物用1.5N HCl水溶液(1L)在-5℃至0℃下猝灭,然后温热至环境温度。分离两相并将水相用甲基叔丁基醚萃取(2×300mL)。将合并的有机层在硫酸钠上干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到粗残余物。在环境温度下将该粗产物溶于甲基叔丁基醚(0.7L)中并加入活性炭(4g)和二氧化硅(80g,60-120目)。将该淤浆搅拌0.5小时,滤过布氏漏斗并用甲基叔丁基醚(0.3L)洗涤。将滤液蒸发,以浅褐色油状物得到2-氯-1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)乙酮(409g,HPLC纯度46面积%)。
步骤3:制备乙酸[2-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-2-氧代乙基]酯:
在环境温度下向装有特氟隆桨叶搅拌器、回流冷凝器和温度计槽的0.25L三颈烧瓶中加入2-氯-1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)乙酮(15g,HPLC纯度46面积%)和二甲基甲酰胺(45mL)。然后分批加入乙酸钠(12.55g)并在环境温度下继续反应4小时。反应进程由HPLC监测(HPLC测得转化率>95%)。将该反应用水(50mL)猝灭并用甲基叔丁基醚萃取(3×100mL)。分离两相并将合并的有机相在硫酸钠上干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到粗残余物(17g)。该粗产物通过硅胶柱层析提纯,以黄色固体得到乙酸[2-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-2-氧代乙基]酯(7.5g)。
步骤4:制备1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-2-羟基乙酮:
向装有磁力搅拌器、回流冷凝器和温度计槽的250mL三颈烧瓶中加入乙酸[2-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-2-氧代乙基]酯(7.5g)和在MeOH中的1N HCl(50mL)。将所得溶液搅拌5小时且由TLC监测反应进程。真空蒸馏来自反应混合物的甲醇并将得到的粗残余物通过柱层析提纯而以浅黄色固体得到1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-2-羟基乙酮(2.8g,HPLC纯度84面积%)。
步骤5:制备4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-5H-氧杂噻唑-2,2-二氧化物
向装有磁力搅拌器、回流冷凝器和温度计槽的100mL三颈烧瓶中加入1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-2-羟基乙酮(1g)、甲苯(20mL)、氨基磺酰氯(0.975g)和对甲苯磺酸(0.214g)。将所得溶液加热至100℃并搅拌1小时。反应进程由HPLC监测(转化率>95%)。将反应混合物用水猝灭并用MTBE萃取(15mL×2)。分离两相,将有机相蒸发并通过柱层析提纯,得到4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-5H-氧杂噻唑-2,2-二氧化物(0.42g)。
步骤6:制备(4R)-4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)氧杂噻唑烷-2,2-二氧化物
a)制备铑催化剂—RhCl[(R,R)-TsDPEN]Cp*:
在氮气气氛下向装有特氟隆桨叶搅拌器、氮气入口和温度计槽的250mL三颈烧瓶中加入[RhCl2Cp*]2(2.0g)、(1R,2R)-N-对甲苯磺酰基-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(2.38g)、二氯甲烷(68mL)和三乙胺(1.72ml)。将所得淤浆在22-27℃下搅拌0.5小时并加入蒸馏水(40mL)。分离两相并将有机相用水(40mL)洗涤。将有机相在硫酸钠上干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到褐色固体残余物。将该褐色残余物用正庚烷(20mL)研制,过滤并在氮气气氛下干燥,以红色固体得到RhCl[(R,R)-TsDPEN]Cp*(3.4g)。
b)HCOOH-NEt3混合物的制备:
在2升三颈圆底烧瓶中加入甲酸(275mL,≥99重量%)并冷却至0℃。在0℃下向其中缓慢加入三乙胺(250mL,≥99重量%)并立即用于反应中。c)(4R)-4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)氧杂噻唑烷-2,2-二氧化物的制备:
向装有磁力搅拌器、冷凝器和温度计槽的100ml两颈烧瓶中加入4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-5H-氧杂噻唑-2,2-二氧化物(0.5g)并将二甲基甲酰胺(15mL,30V)用氮气脱气10min。然后加入RhCl[(R,R)-TsDPEN]Cp*(27mg),然后滴加HCOOH-NEt3(2.5mL,比例为5:2)。将所得混合物搅拌2小时。HPLC显示转化率>97%。将反应混合物用水猝灭(15ml)并用甲基叔丁基醚萃取(3×50mL)。蒸发合并的有机相,得到(4R)-4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)氧杂噻唑烷-2,2-二氧化物(500mg;HPLC纯度90面积%(rt=3.645min.),手性HPLC方法1测得>99%ee)。
步骤7:制备(4R)-4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-N-甲基噻唑烷-2-亚胺
在环境温度下向装有磁力搅拌器、回流冷凝器和温度计槽的100mL三颈烧瓶中加入(4R)-4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)氧杂噻唑烷-2,2-二氧化物(0.5g,具有99%ee)、乙醇(2ml)、异硫氰酸甲酯(0.228g)和三乙胺(0.56ml)。将所得混合物在22-27℃下搅拌14小时。然后在真空下除去有机挥发分并将氢氧化钠(0.2g)和水(2mL)加入反应烧瓶中。将反应混合物加热至100℃并搅拌2小时。将该反应用水(2mL)稀释并用甲基叔丁基醚萃取(2×50mL)。有机相在硫酸钠上干燥并在真空下蒸发而以褐色油状物提供(4R)-4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-N-甲基噻唑烷-2-亚胺[0.34g,m/z=234amu(M+H+)]。
向装有磁力搅拌器、回流冷凝器和温度计槽的50mL三颈烧瓶中加入(E,4R)-4-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-N-甲基噻唑烷-2-亚胺(0.34g)、甲苯(2mL)并在氮气气氛下加热至110℃。然后将2-苯基丙二酸二(2,4,6-三氯苯基)酯(0.857g)分批加入保持在110℃下的反应物料中。在110℃下搅拌2小时之后,HPLC显示出>99%转化率。将该反应冷却至50℃以下并将沉淀的浅黄色固体滤过烧结漏斗,然后用甲基叔丁基醚(4mL)洗涤固体残余物并在真空下干燥而提供(3R)-3-(2-氯噻唑-5-基)-8-甲基-7-氧代-6-苯基-2,3-二氢噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶-4--5-醇盐(110mg,m/z=378amu(M+H+)&手性HPLC方法3测得95.2%对映体过量)。1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):3.42(s,3H),3.94(d,J=12Hz,1H),4.25-4.32(m,1H),6.48(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.06-7.11(m,1H),7.21-7.26(m,2H),7.6(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.96(s,1H)。
生物学实施例
若无相反说明,则按如下制备测试溶液:
将活性化合物以所需浓度溶于1:1(体积比)蒸馏水:丙酮的混合物中。使用当天制备测试溶液。
除非另有指明,下列生物学实施例中所用测试化合物I-R-1呈95%对映体过量。
除非另有指明,下列生物学实施例中所用测试化合物I-S-1呈95%对映体过量。
B.1黑尾叶蝉(二点黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix virescens)):
在喷雾前24小时将稻秧苗清洁并洗涤。将活性化合物在50:50丙酮:水(体积比)中配制并加入0.1体积%表面活性剂(EL 620)。将盆栽稻秧苗用5ml试验溶液喷雾,风干,置于笼中并用10只成虫接种。将被处理水稻植株保持在约28-29℃和约50-60%相对湿度下。72小时后记录死亡率百分数。
B.2稻褐飞虱(褐飞虱):
在喷雾前24小时将稻秧苗清洁并洗涤。将活性化合物在50:50丙酮:水(体积比)中配制并加入0.1体积%表面活性剂(EL 620)。将盆栽稻秧苗用5ml测试溶液喷雾,风干,置于笼中并用10只成虫接种。将被处理水稻植物保持在约28-29℃和约50-60%相对湿度下。72小时之后记录死亡率百分数。
B.3豇豆蚜(豆蚜):
为了通过接触或内吸方式评价对豇豆蚜的防治,测试单元由含有宽菜豆叶片的24孔微滴定板组成。
使用含有75体积%水和25体积%DMSO的溶液配制化合物。使用定制微雾化器将不同浓度的配制化合物以2.5μl喷雾于叶片上,重复两次。
在施用之后,将叶片风干并将5-8只蚜虫成虫置于微滴定板孔内的叶片上。然后使蚜虫在被处理叶片上吸食并在约23±1℃和约50±5%相对湿度下温育5天。然后肉眼评价蚜虫死亡率和繁殖力。
B.4蓟马(兰花蓟马):
各化合物的蓟马防治效力通过使用花浸技术评价。将塑料陪替氏皿用作测试场所。将各完整兰花的所有花瓣浸入处理溶液中并干燥。被处理花瓣与约20只蓟马成虫一起放入各陪替氏皿中。然后将陪替氏皿用盖子盖住。所有测试场所在分析持续期间维持在连续光照和约28℃的温度下。3天后计数各花上和沿着各陪替氏皿内壁的活蓟马数。处理后72小时记录死亡率百分数。
下表A说明活性数据:
表A:
B.3.水稻螟虫
B.3a小瓶生物分析
将田间收集的稻秆用自来水洗涤并切成一定长度。在将稻秆单独置于小瓶中之前将其风干(=重复,3×)。每个小瓶喷雾约125μl测试溶液。将小瓶中的被处理稻秆在实验室通风橱下风干。在风干之后将各稻秆用10只新出现(0天龄)二化螟幼虫接种。然后覆盖小瓶。将该设置保持在维持于27℃和65% RH下的保持室中3天。接种后3天手动剖开稻秆以评价幼虫死亡率。数据(表C)显示对两种水稻螟虫的活性。
表C:介离子化合物对水稻螟虫的效力
B.3b叶面喷雾
每次处理将全部三盆(=重复)4-5周龄盆栽水稻用12mL测试溶液同时喷雾。在喷雾施用之后,将植株在接种之前在实验室中风干。在风干之后,将CHILSU的5-6天龄卵团用于接种。在接种之后1天将所有二化螟侵染的盆栽水稻植株转移到屏蔽室内部,直到最后评价。评价在处理和接种之后10天进行。在分蘖剖开的基部切割各鼓包之前评价全部植物损害。检查各剖开的分蘖,寻找死(可能的话)和活二化螟幼虫。
结果表明测试化合物就幼虫死亡率和进食抑制而言对稻条螟具有优异活性。
表D:介离子化合物通过叶面喷雾对稻条螟的效力
B.3c浸润施用
将该测试溶液倾于每盆具有5棵分蘖的各盆栽水稻植株的土壤上(=重复)。在浸润施用之后,将被处理植株转移到屏蔽室内部3天,然后在实验室内接种二化螟。浸润施用之后3天将CHILSU的5-6天龄卵团用于接种。在接种之后1天将所有二化螟侵染的盆栽水稻植株转移到屏蔽室内部,直到最后评价。评价在处理之后12天(接种之后9天)进行。在分蘖剖开的基部切割各鼓包之前评价全部植物损害。检查各剖开的分蘖,寻找死(可能的话)和活二化螟幼虫。
数据(表3)表明当与叶面施用相比时,通过浸润施用对于所有测试化合物就幼虫死亡率和进食抑制而言对稻条螟得到相似结果。
表E:介离子化合物通过浸润施用对稻条螟的效力
Claims (7)
2.一种杀害虫组合物,包含液体或固体载体和如权利要求1所定义的化合物。
3.一种防治昆虫、螨类或线虫的方法,包括使昆虫、螨类或线虫或者其食物供应源、栖息地、繁殖地或其场所与如权利要求1所定义的化合物以杀害虫有效量接触。
4.一种保护植物以防昆虫、螨类或线虫侵袭或侵染的方法,包括使所述植物或者其中所述植物生长的土壤或水体与杀害虫有效量的如权利要求1所定义的化合物接触。
5.一种保护植物繁殖材料的方法,包括使所述植物繁殖材料与如权利要求1所定义的化合物以杀害虫有效量接触。
6.根据权利要求4或5的方法,其中所述植物为水稻植物且所述昆虫选自:
半翅目(Hemiptera):
稻褐飞虱—褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)
灰飞虱—灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus)
白背飞虱—白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera)
苹白小叶蝉—白翅褐脉大叶蝉(Cofana spectra)
大青叶蝉—二点黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix virescens),N.nigriceps,稻黑尾叶蝉(N.cincticeps),马来亚黑尾叶蝉(N.malayanus)
锯齿叶蝉—电光叶蝉(Recilia dorsalis)
玉米橙叶蝉—双冠蝉(Cicadulina bipunctata)
紫菀叶蝉—二点叶蝉(Macrosteles fascifrons)
稻穗虫,大稻缘蝽(Leptocorisa oratorius),禾蛛缘椿象(L.acuta)
稻褐蝽—稻绿蝽(Nezara viridula),Pygomenida varipennis,二星蝽属(Eysarcoris),Tibraca limbatriventris,广二星蝽(Eysarcoris ventralis)
小臭虫—Oebalus poecilus,稻蝽象(O.pugnax)
缘蝽—二星蝽属(Eysarcoris sp)
麦长蝽—美洲毛谷杆长蝽(Blissus leucopterus leucopterus)
米粉虫,高粱轮粉蚧(Brevennia rehi),东亚粉蚧(Pseudococcus saccharicola)
稻蚜,红腹缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis),麦长管蚜(Macrosiphumavenae),狗尾草蚜(Hysteroneura setariae),黑腹四脉绵蚜(Tetraneuronigriabdominalis)
豆根蚜—棉根蚜(Smynthurodes betae)
鳞翅目(Lepidoptera):
直纹稻弄蝶—稻苞虫(Parnara guttata),Melanitis Ieda ismene
水稻螟虫/稻条螟—二化螟(Chilo suppressalis),Chilo polychrusus,斑禾草螟(Chilo partellus),Chilo plejadellus
稻秆螟—Chilotraea polychrysa
稻螟—水稻大螟(Sesamia inferens)
三化螟—三化螟(Tryporyza(=Scirpophaga)incertulas)
稻白螟—稻白螟(Tryporyza innotata)
稻纵卷叶螟/卷叶螟—稻纵卷叶野螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis),
Marasmia patnalis,M.exigua
割穗毛虫/粘虫—Pseudaletia separate
绿毛虫—犁纹黄夜蛾(Xanthodes transversa)
稻螟蛉—绿稻毛虫(Narnaga aenescens)
绿角毛虫—Melanitis Ieda ismene,Mycalesis sp
草地夜蛾—草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)
切根虫—粘虫(Mythimna separata)
稻壳虫—稻三点螟(Nymphula depunctalis)
黑毛毛虫,鹿蛾属(Amata sp.)
毛毛虫—实毛胫夜蛾(Mocis frugalis)
黄毛虫,Psalis pennatula
稻半褐夜蛾,实毛胫夜蛾(Mocis frugalis)
稻拟尺蠖,Chrysodeixis chalcites
草螟—水稻切叶野螟(Herpetogramma licarsisalis)
甘蔗螟—小蔗螟(Diatraea saccharalis)
玉米螟—南美玉米苗斑螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)
条纹草夜蛾—Mocis latipes
玉米螟—玉米螟虫(Ostrinia nubilalis)
墨西哥螟虫—墨西哥水稻螟(Eoreuma loftini)
鞘翅目(Coleoptera):
水稻象鼻虫—稻水象甲(Lissorhopterus oryzophilus)
稻象虫—稻象甲(Echinocnemus squamous)
米象—早熟禾象甲(Oryzophagus oryzae)
稻穗甲(rice hispa)—水稻铁甲(Diclodispa armigera)
水稻负泥虫—稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae)
稻黑蝽—稻黑蝽(Scotinophora vermidulate),S.vermidulate,S.lurida,S.latiuscula
稻跳甲—黑凹胫跳甲(Chaetocnima basalis)
蛴螬—Leucopholis irrorata,Leucopholis irrorata,食叶鳃金龟属(Phyllophagasp),异爪犀金龟属(Heteronychus sp)
金龟子(bicho torito)—阿根廷兜虫(Diloboderus abderus)
谷象—尖隐喙象属(Sphenophorus spp)
葡萄肖叶甲—Colaspis brunnea,C.louisianae
稻花粉甲虫,Chilolaba acuta
双翅目(Diptera):
秆蝇—稻秆潜蝇(Chlorops oryzae)
潜叶蝇—日本稻潜蝇(Agromyza oryzae)
稻螺蛆/稻杆蝇—麦叶毛眼水蝇(Hydrellia sasakii)
稻螺蛆/稻小潜蝇—大麦水蝇(Hydrellia griseola)
稻瘿蚊—稻瘿蚊(Orseolia(=Pachydiplosis)oryzae)
稻飞虱—稻芒蝇(Atherigona oryzae)
稻种蠓—Chironomus cavazzai,Chironomus spp,Cricotopus spp缨翅目(Thysanoptera):
稻蓟马—稻蓟马(Chloethrips oryzae),稻管蓟马(Stenochaetothrips biformis),Perrisothrips sp.,器管蓟马属(Hoplothrips sp.),直翅目(Orthoptera):
稻蝗,等歧蔗蝗(Hieroglyphus banian),高粱蔗蝗(Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus),红褐斑腿蝗(Catantops pinguis),Attractomorpha burri,A.crenulate,A.psittacinapsittacina,A.Bedeli,无齿稻蝗(Oxya adenttata),Oxya ebneri,小稻蝗(Oxya hylaintricata),Acrida turricata蝗虫—东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria manilensis)
蝼蛄,非洲蝼蛄(Grylotalpa africana)
蟋蟀:黄斑黑蟋蟀(Gryllus bimaculatus),黑脸油葫芦(Teleogryllusoccipitalis),Euscyrtus concinus
蚂蚱—长翅草螽(Conocephalus longipennis)
等翅目(Isoptera):
白蚁—暗黄大白蚁(Macrotermes gilvus),Syntermes molestans膜翅目(Hymenoptera):
蚂蚁—热带火蚁(Solenopsis geminata)
水稻白梢线虫—水稻干尖线虫(Aphelenchoides besseyi)
蜱螨亚纲(Acari):
稻穗螨—Steotarsonemus pinki
甲壳纲(Crustacea):
蝌蚪虾—三眼恐龙虾(Triops longicaudatus),苏格兰小虾(T.
cancriformis)
小龙虾—螯虾(Procambarus clarkii),小龙虾(Orconectes virilis)。
7.种子,以0.1g-10kg/100kg种子的量包含如权利要求1所定义的化合物。
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CA3054591A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
CN110461854A (zh) | 2019-11-15 |
US20230159562A1 (en) | 2023-05-25 |
JP2020515586A (ja) | 2020-05-28 |
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KR20190136033A (ko) | 2019-12-09 |
EP3601298B1 (en) | 2021-12-01 |
WO2018177970A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
KR102551432B1 (ko) | 2023-07-05 |
CN116102580A (zh) | 2023-05-12 |
US11578083B2 (en) | 2023-02-14 |
AU2018241628A1 (en) | 2019-09-26 |
IL268866B (en) | 2022-07-01 |
IL268866A (en) | 2019-10-31 |
ES2908149T3 (es) | 2022-04-27 |
AU2018241628B2 (en) | 2022-03-17 |
MX2019011785A (es) | 2019-11-18 |
RU2019134041A3 (zh) | 2021-06-30 |
US20210355139A1 (en) | 2021-11-18 |
EP3601298A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
RU2765370C2 (ru) | 2022-01-28 |
CL2019002796A1 (es) | 2019-12-27 |
ZA201907014B (en) | 2023-06-28 |
EP3978504A1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
UA125403C2 (uk) | 2022-03-02 |
CN116076518A (zh) | 2023-05-09 |
JP7161823B2 (ja) | 2022-10-27 |
PH12019502048A1 (en) | 2020-07-06 |
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