CN1160371C - Notch蛋白及其配体 - Google Patents
Notch蛋白及其配体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1160371C CN1160371C CNB971811598A CN97181159A CN1160371C CN 1160371 C CN1160371 C CN 1160371C CN B971811598 A CNB971811598 A CN B971811598A CN 97181159 A CN97181159 A CN 97181159A CN 1160371 C CN1160371 C CN 1160371C
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Abstract
本发明涉及T细胞修饰中治疗化合物的应用,T细胞抗原呈递细胞(APC)相互作用和发病生物体与宿主免疫活性细胞相互作用。它尤其涉及这些化合物在Notch蛋白质及其配体相互作用的修饰中的应用以及这类化合物在移植排斥、自身免疫,过敏反应和哮喘及传染病治疗中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在T-细胞活化的修饰中治疗化合物的应用。尤其涉及在调节Notch蛋白家族成员和它们配件之间相互作用的应用以及在治疗状态如移植排斥、自身免疫、过敏反应、哮喘、感染疾病和肿瘤下这些化合物的应用。
背景技术
T细胞之间以及抗原呈递细胞(APC)和T细胞之间的控制的相互作用对人免疫系统的功能是至关重要的。然而在某些病理状态下,对这个相互作用的正或负的修饰在治疗上有益。例如在状态如自身免疫、过敏反应或移植排斥下,通过促进负T细胞或T细胞-APC的相互作用诱导免疫反应的下调是合乎需要的。“感染耐受”和“结合抑制”的模型表明在少数T细胞中可以诱导耐受,然后这些T细胞将此耐受传递给其它T细胞,从而防止了有效的免疫攻击。在其它病理条件下如肿瘤诱导的免疫抑制、寄生的病毒或细菌感染,免疫抑制是一个普遍特征。在这些条件下,抑制传递感染耐受的T细胞相互作用是合乎需要的。
然而,至今还未理解T细胞以及T细胞-APC相互作用的机制。
WO92/19734公开了人Notch和Delta基因的核苷酸序列以及它们所编码蛋白的氨基酸序列。此公开内容表明Notch基因家族其良好特征在于作为纠正昆虫如
果蝇属的胚胎细胞谱系发育是必不可少的。
属于Notch家族的蛋白是转膜受体,具有7个保守肽结构域。家族中的每一蛋白表现特征性的细胞外EGF(表皮生长因子)样的重复以及近膜Lin-12/Notch结构域。此外每种蛋白在细胞质尾部具6-8锚蛋白重复结构域与PEST序列在一起。Notch配体具有鉴别DSL结构域(
D,Delta,
S,Serrate,
L,Lag2),在细胞外表面蛋白氨基端与3-8EFF一样重复之间包含20-22个氨基酸。蛋白有不具有保守功能结构域的短细胞质尾巴。
近来证据表明Notch信号在胸腺中作用于未成熟T细胞的谱系定型,偏向胸腺细胞向CD8+谱系的发育,CD8+谱系是独立于MHC识别的(Robey E,等.细胞1996,87:483-492)。在胸腺成熟的过程中,T细胞获取了分辨自身抗原和非自身抗原的能力,此过程称作自我耐受(von Boehmer H,等,免疫学年度评论,1990;8:531)。在周边也存在诱导和维持耐受的机制,在许多方面它们的重要性被低估。许多移植排斥、自身免疫疾病和对过敏原特异反应的实验模型清楚地表明在抗原免疫的受体中诱导特异的无应答状态(耐受或过敏)的能力。从这些系统中产生两个重要的发现。首先,在选择的条件下用抗原的肽片段免疫不仅可以抑制对本身的特异反应。而且可以抑制具有相同分子其它区域的完整蛋白激发免疫的特异反应。(结合抑制;Hoyne GF,等,实验医学杂志1993;178:183和Metzler B,Wraith DC,国际免疫学1993;5:1159)。其次,在移植实验模型中最好描述的是“感染耐受”现象,其中假定对特异抗原产生耐受的免疫活性细胞能抑制其它细胞产生反应,进一步这些第二细胞群体变成调节和耐受的群体(Qin SX,等,科学1993;258:974)。至今还未发现这些现象下的免疫机制的特征。
发明内容
本发明是由于发现了Notch受体家族和其配体而得到的,Delta和Serrate在外周免疫系统正常成体细胞的细胞表面表达。
因而根据本发明提供Notch-配体在用于免疫治疗的药物生产中的应用。
以前并未描述过Notch受体家族以及它们的配体在正常外周成体免疫系统中的表达方式,但本发明者已表明T细胞组成地表达Notch1mRNA,而Delta的表达只限于外周淋巴组织中T细胞的一个亚群。Serrate的表达好象限制于外周中抗原呈递细胞(APCs)的一个亚群(图1)。因而如在其它组织中所表明的那样这受体配体家族在胚胎发育之后可以继续在免疫系统中调节细胞命运决定(Ellisen LW,等,细胞1991;66:649)。Notch信号可以在外周无应答性(耐受或过敏)的诱导中具有核心作用,并可以对结合抑制和感染耐受提供物理解释。
本发明进一步涉及在治疗T细胞介导的反应中Notch-配体的应用。已观察到在过敏原或抗原存在时通过将原初T细胞群体暴露给APC所表达的Notch-配体,Notch-配体能使T细胞群体对所述过敏原或抗原产生耐受。进一步,此T细胞群体,继续暴露于天然T细胞的第二群体时能够使第二个群体对所述过敏原或抗原产生耐受。
这样,本发明也涉及在影响结合耐受和/或旁观者耐受(在本领域中也已知为感染耐受)中的Notch-配体的应用。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及Notch-配体在功能性Notch-蛋白表达或Notch信号通路的调控中的应用。
在上面描述的本发明实施方案中,在过敏原或抗原存在下,通过将T细胞与抗原呈递细胞(APCs)孵育/混合,将Notch配体暴露给T细胞,表达或过表达Notch-配体。通过用能表达Notch-配体的基因转染APCs或通过将APCs暴露给能上调内源Notch-配体基因表达的药物,可引起Notch-配体基因的(过)表达。
影响Notch-配体表达的合适药物包括影响Delta和/或Serrate基因表达的药物。例如对于Delta的表达,细胞外BMPs(骨形态发生蛋白,Wilson,P.A和Hemmati-Brivanlou A.1997神经元18:699-710,Hemmati-Brivanlou,A和Melton,D,1997细胞88:13-17)和它们受体的结合由于抑制了Achaete/Scute复合转录因子的表达导致了Delta转录的下调。我们认为此复合物直接参与了Delta表达的调控。这样任何抑制BMPs和它们的受体结合的药物都能造成Delta和/或Serrate表达的增加。这些药物包括头蛋白、Chordin、Folhstatin、Xnr3、FGFs、Fringe以及其衍生物和变异体(见参考文献,头蛋白-Smith W.C.和Harland,R.M细胞70:829-840,Chordin-Sasai,Yet等,1994细胞79:779-790)。头蛋白和Chordin与BMPs的结合,因而防止了它们信号级联的活化,此信号级联导致Delta转录的下降。
在某些疾病状态,机体可以是无免疫应答的,为了克服强加的免疫抑制下调Delta和/或Serrate的表达是合乎需要的。在此条件下可以使用抑制Delta和/或Serrate表达的药物。抑制Delta和/或Serrate表达的药物的例子包括Toll蛋白(Medzhitov,R.等,1997自然388:394-397)、BMPs以及降低或干扰头蛋白、Chordin、Follistatin、Xnr3、FGFs和Fringe合成的其它药物。这样,本发明进一步涉及在用于逆转细菌感染或肿瘤诱导的免疫抑制的药物生产中使用能下降Delta或Serrate蛋白表达的药物。
如上面所讨论的,本发明也涉及在细胞膜上或信号通路中Notch-蛋白表达或呈递的修饰。已表明这些参与T-细胞介导的反应,而此反应参与耐受(结合的和/或旁观者)的诱导。加强完整功能的Notch-蛋白在细胞表面呈递的药物包括基质金属蛋白酶,例如果蝇属Kuzbanian基因的产物(Dkuz,Pan,D和Rubin,G.M.1997细胞90:271-280)和其它ADAMALYSIN基因家族成员。降低或干扰它们作为完整功能细胞膜蛋白呈递的药物可以包括MMP抑制剂,如hydroxymate抑制剂。
如此处所用的术语“抗原呈递细胞等”,并不意味着限于APCs。技术人员将理解为可以使用任何将所需要Notch-配体呈递给T细胞的载体,为了方便用术语APCs指所有这些。这样合适的APCs的例子包括树突细胞、L细胞、杂交瘤、淋巴瘤、巨噬细胞、B细胞或合成的APCs如脂膜。
当APCs用能表达Notch-配体的基因转染时,通过病毒如逆转录病毒或腺病毒,或通过能将基因传递给细胞的任何其它载体或方法可以进行转染。这包括在基因治疗中有效的任何载体或方法,包括逆转录病毒、脂质体、电穿孔、其它病毒如腺病毒、腺相关病毒、疱疹病毒、牛痘、磷酸钙沉淀DNA、DEAE葡聚糖帮助的转染、微注射、聚乙二醇、蛋白-DNA复合物。
单独或联合使用这些载体或方法,有可能定点将基因转移至细胞的特异群体,这样能够
体内执行本发明的方法。例如,为了提高DNA吸收的效率病毒可以和脂质体联合使用。通过在病毒外壳或脂质体中加入特异的蛋白(如和树突细胞/巨噬细胞CD11c反应的单链抗体)可以获得点特异的传递。
优选使用这样的构建物,通过此构建物基因(如serrate)的表达和抗原的表达相结合。(过)表达Serrate的APCs因而也表达高水平的相关抗原,所以优先和具有合适特异性的T细胞相互作用。
本发明另一个实施方案涉及一个分子,它包含和T细胞过敏原或抗原部分可操作连接的Notch-配体部分,这样一旦暴露给T细胞,两部分都能和其各自位点结合。这个分子能使抗原/过敏原特异的T细胞对抗原或过敏原部分所依据的抗原或过敏原产生耐受,因为Notch-配体部分所需的特异性由过敏原或抗体部分的极近端提供。
抗原或过敏原部分可以是合成的MHC-肽复合物。这是带有抗原沟的MHC分子的一个片段,而抗原沟带有抗原的元件。此复合物已在Altman JD等,科学1996 274:94-6中描述过。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,化合物是融合蛋白,包含Notch的区段或Notch配体细胞外结构域和免疫球蛋白Fc区段,优选IgGFc或IgMFc。
在上面描述的所有本发明的实施方案中,优选Notch-配体是Serrate家族蛋白或Delta家族蛋白、其衍生物、片段或类似物。
可以描述为由T细胞介导的疾病或感染状态包括下面的任一个或更多:哮喘、过敏反应、移植排斥、自身免疫、肿瘤诱导的对T细胞系统的异常(abberations)以及感染疾病如由疟原虫属、微丝蚴属、蠕虫、分枝杆菌、HIV、巨细胞病毒、假单胞杆菌属、弓形虫属、棘球属、流感嗜血杆菌B型、麻疹、丙型肝炎或Toxicara所引起的疾病。这样使用合适的过敏原或抗原,按照本发明,Notch-配体可用以治疗所述疾病或感染。
本发明也提供用于检测由侵入有机体诱导的免疫抑制的方法。这些有机体可以产生Serrate、Notch和/或Delta家族成员的可溶形式或其衍生物、或者
体内影响它们表达的蛋白,这样诱导了感染耐受免疫抑制。此方法包括检测
体内非膜结合的Serrate、Delta、Notch或其衍生物的存在,并优选包括对Serrate、Delta或Notch或其衍生物的抗体。
在检测增加或降低的Notch、Delta/Serrate表达和/或加工的筛选实验中所使用的方法包括:
1.在培养中将分离的细胞暴露给检测化合物后用以下评估Delta/Serrate、Notch和Fringe的表达:
(a)在蛋白水平,使用免疫组织化学和流式细胞术通过特异抗体染色。
(b)在RNA水平,通过定量的逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)。使用对Notch 1和Notch 2、Serrate 1和Serrate 2、Delta 1和Delta 2、Delta3和Fringe特异的引物RT-PCR使用有内标准的对照质粒检测内源基团的表达。当新配体要鉴定时可以修改此构建物。
(c)在功能水平,用细胞粘着试验。
增加的Delta/Serrate或Notch表达会导致表达Notch的细胞和其配体Delta/Serrate之间粘着的增加。检测细胞在培养中将经过特定处理,并在上面铺上放射标记或荧光素标记的靶细胞(用Notch/Delta/Serrate蛋白转染的)。细胞混合物将于37℃培养2小时。冲掉非粘着细胞,在平板表达通过放射活性/免疫荧光水平测量粘着水平。
使用此方法有可能检测影响Notch-蛋白或Notch-配体表达或加工的化合物或Notch-配体。本发明也涉及由这些检测方法可检测的化合物或Notch-配体。
本发明也包括一种检测方法,包括将(a)Notch蛋白以及能和Notch蛋白结合的配体与(b)化合物相接触;确定是否化合物影响配体与Notch蛋白的结合,其中优选伴随T细胞的Notch蛋白。
本发明使用的Notch-配体优选Delta或Serrate家族成员蛋白或多肽或其衍生物。这些通过使用本领域技术人员熟知的重组技术的基本操作技术可优选获得。产生本发明这些化合物的合适基因序列可以从公开文献WO 97/01571、WO 96/27610和WO 92/19734中获得。然而发明并不受这些公开文献所公开的Notch、Delta和Serrate序列限制。更优选地,这些Notch、Delta或Serrate或家庭成员、其蛋白或多肽或衍生物是Notch、Delta或Serrate、或家族成员细胞外结构域片段或这些片段的衍生物。如此处所使用,术语“Notch配体”进一步包括和Notch蛋白家族成员相互作用的任何配体或配体家族成员,以及一组称为“toporythmic蛋白”的蛋白,即Delta,Serrate、Deltex和破裂基因增强子基因的蛋白产物以及其基因家族的其它成员的蛋白产物,它们可通过如下方式鉴定:基因序列可和Notch、Delta或Serrate蛋白杂交或同源,抑或它们的基因显示出表型相互作用的能力。
Notch、Delta和Serrate首先在果蝇属中描述,因而分别代表Notch受体和Notch-配体家族成员的典型蛋白。在许多无脊椎和脊椎动物种中已描述了多个Notch蛋白和配体,但它们的命名不同于蝇中所用的命名。例如Notch是Lin12和Glp1的同系物,Serrate/Delta是Jagged、Apx1和Lag-2的同系物。
根据本领域熟知的原理可以制成本发明的药物配方。这样赋形剂的性质和活性的量依赖于要制成的本发明化合物。
优选药物组合物是单位剂量形式。
以药物配方形式要施用给患者的本发明化合物的剂量可由合适的医师确定。
本发明配方优选的用药途径是普通用药方法中的任一个,包括肌肉内、腹膜内、静脉内注射、鼻内吸收、肺吸入、皮下、皮内、关节内、鞘内、体表以及通过胃肠道(例如通过淋巴集结)。
与本发明蛋白或多肽相关,如此处所用的术语“衍生物”包括从序列中替代、变异、修饰、置换、删除或加入一个(或多个)氨基酸残基,只要得到的多肽蛋白具有调节Notch-Notch配体相互作用的能力。
与本发明蛋白或多肽相关,如此处所用的术语变异体包括从序列中替代、变异、修饰、置换、删除或加入一个(或多个)氨基酸残基,只要得到的蛋白具有调节Notch-Notch配体相互作用的能力。
与本发明蛋白或多肽相关,如此处所用的术语“类似物”包括任何肽模拟,即以与亲本蛋白或多肽相似方式具有调节Notch-Notch配体相互作用能力的化学化合物。这些包括可以兴奋或拮抗Notch-蛋白或Notch-配体表达或活性的化合物。
如果化合物能抑制或增强Notch与其配体的相互作用,优选至足够提供治疗效应的程度,我们认为此化合物调节Notch-Notch配体相互作用。
如此处所用术语“Notch-Notch配体”表示Notch家族成员和能与一个或多个此成员相结合的配体之间的相互作用。
如此处所用术语治疗应该包括诊断和预防应用。
术语“医学的”包括人和兽医应用。
如此处所用,术语蛋白和多肽可以认为是同义词,广义上蛋白仅表示比多肽中存在更长的氨基酸序列。
附图说明
通过无限制实施例的方法现在将描述本发明,参考伴随的附图,其中:
图1表示如此处实施例1所述进行的
原位杂交的结果。
图2表示实施例4中所述实验结果。
图3表示实施例5中所述实验结果。
图4表示实施例6中所述实验结果。
图5表示实施例7中所述实验结果。
图6表示实施例8中所述实验结果。
图7表示实施例9中所述实验结果。
图8a和8b表示实施例10中所述实验结果。
图9表示实施例11中所述实验结果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
在外周免疫系统中表达的Notch、Delta和Serrate
合成对Notch 1、Delta 1和Serrate 1特异的反义RNA探针并掺入地高辛标记-UTP。每一个探针在杂交缓冲液中溶解,加热至70℃、5-10分钟,加到TESPA包被的、含10mm脾或胸腺切片的玻片上,脾或胸腺切片已用4%低聚甲醛+PBS固定。玻片于65℃过夜杂交。第二天,玻片用1×SSC/50%甲酰胺/1%Tween 20在65℃洗涤两次、室温(RT)洗涤两次。玻片在RT用0.1M马来酸/0.15M NaCl/0.1%tween 20 pH7.5(MABT)缓冲液洗涤两次,然后用MABT+20%山羊血清+296Boehringer封闭剂(BBR)封闭两小时。玻片室温用抗-地高辛Fab片段过夜温育。用MABT洗涤四次后,玻片进一步在碱性底物缓冲液中洗涤两次。通过在黑暗中在含NBT+BCIP的底物缓冲液中温育玻片检测结合的反义RNA探针的存在。玻片用苏木精复染,并在Depx封固剂中封片。结果:杂交结果显示于图1中,表明在3月龄小鼠的脾中,Delta和Serrate在动脉周围鞘而非生发中心(gc)的分离细胞中表达。Notch在动脉周围鞘中的许多细胞中表达。
实施例2
Delta-Fc融合蛋白的合成
pIG-1[D.Simmons,“通过在哺乳细胞中瞬时表面表达克隆细胞表面分子”pp 93-128,发育中细胞的相互作用,编辑D.Hartley,出版Ox.Uni.Press(1993)]表达载体允许含有与人IgG1-Fc结构域结合的Delta1细胞外部分的融合蛋白合成。只含Delta 1蛋白细胞外结构域的限制酶片段克隆进pIG-1载体。得到的质粒转化进大肠杆菌MC 1061,并在含10μg/ml四环素/氨苄青霉素的SOB上生长。纯化的载体用于体外转染COS细胞。COS细胞生长至50-75%汇合度,通过DEAE-葡聚糖的方法每皿用10μg质粒DNA转染。转染后24小时用含1%FCS的培养基置换培养基,细胞体外继续培养3-6天。细胞5000rpm离心5分钟形成细胞沉淀和碎片,去除上清并储藏至需要时。通过将2ml 50%蛋白悬浮液加至琼脂糖(phamacia)中并于4℃过夜转动从培养上清中纯化Delta-Fc融合蛋白。通过将培养上清通过0.45mm滤膜分离琼脂糖珠,洗涤并转移至10ml塑料柱上。用2ml洗脱液pH4.0洗脱Delta-Fc融合蛋白。加入1M Tris碱中和洗脱物。
实施例3
用于研究Notch-配体信号通路的模型的实施例
对自身抗原外周的耐受在T细胞受体(TCR)转基因小鼠中得到分析,其中TCR配体只在外周中作为自身抗原表达。在几种方法中可以诱导对移植抗原的外周耐受,包括T细胞抗体的受体预处理或共刺激的阻断。因而有可能显示结合抑制和感染抑制。通过鼻内转移过敏原来源的肽可以诱导对过敏原的外周耐受。在过敏原吸入和显示的耐受修饰后在收集到导气管内的细胞或/和淋巴组织上测量Notch-Notch配体的表达。进一步,在使用感染剂的感染实验模型中,在生物体(病原体)和宿主的免疫活性细胞上测量Notch-Notch配体的表达。
实施例4
表达Delta的杂交瘤能够抑制已接触抗原的淋巴细胞的反应
用含有住宅尘螨过敏原(HDM)Derp1(p110-31)免疫显性表位的合成肽或用卵白蛋白(OVA,母鸣卵白蛋白)免疫小鼠。一周后去除淋巴结细胞(LNCs)并制备细胞悬液。来自不同抗原免疫的动物的淋巴结保持分离。这些细胞称作已接触抗原的LNCs。
T细胞杂交瘤用全长Delta或对照质粒转染,这样Delta作为膜蛋白表达。两天后照射培养的杂交瘤以防止它们增殖或产生细胞因子。因此在实验中所测量的反应只来自淋巴结细胞。
已照射的杂交瘤以增加的数目加到含有已接触抗原的LNCs。加入合适的抗原(即p110-131或OVA),细胞培养24小时。收集上清液,测量IL-2(主要的T细胞生长因子)含量。72小时后也可以测量淋巴结细胞的增殖反应。
结果:如图2所显示,在表达对照质粒的已照射杂交瘤存在下培养的淋巴结细胞仍然增殖,当培养时用合适抗原刺激时可以分泌IL-2。它们的反应性保持在1∶1 LNC∶杂交瘤的比率。相反当淋巴结细胞在表达全长Delta(1∶1的比率)的杂交瘤存在下培养并用合适抗原刺激时,淋巴结细胞的增殖反应和IL-2的合成降低至少88%。用对照病毒(圆形)、Delta病毒(正方形)转染杂交瘤。图2显示数据为培养开始后72小时3H-Tdr掺入的每分钟计数(cpm)。与表达Delta或对照构建物的杂交瘤一起培养的淋巴结细胞(LNC)的cpm。总的细胞数目/孔=4×105(即LNCs的数目根据杂交瘤对LNC的比率而变化,所以cpm将会变化)。p110-131 LNC是已接触抗原Derp1(p110-131)的细胞,OVA LNC是已接触抗原OVA的细胞。2BB11和2BC3是两种不同Derp1反应的杂交瘤。
这些数据表明表达Delta的T细胞所产生反应的抑制可以反式传递。尽管在此培养系统中,对Derp1特异的Delta表达的T杂交瘤能抑制已接触OVA的T细胞的反应,但特异性的明显缺乏是由于培养系统所产生的紧密邻近。的确,图8a和8b显示的数据表明在动物中表达delta的杂交瘤要对免疫原的免疫应答具有调节效应,则表达Delta的杂交瘤必须与此免疫原共同享有抗原的特异性。在此情况下,如果表达delta的T细胞在相同APC上识别相同抗原,则只能把它们与反应T细胞靠近。
实施例5
表达Serrate的树突细胞防止T淋巴细胞的抗原激活
树突细胞(DCs)是免疫系统中主要的抗原呈递细胞,对刺激T细胞反应是关键的。从脾中获取DCs,并用允许表达全长Serrate蛋白的逆转录病毒或对照逆转录病毒转染。DCs也用HDM肽p110-13137℃体外受脉冲作用3小时。然后洗涤DCs并用105细胞/小鼠皮下免疫原初(首次用于实验的)小鼠。7天后收集引流的LNCs并在培养中在4×105细胞/孔用肽再刺激。因为小鼠只用肽-接触的DCs免疫,这使我们可以测量这些细胞激活免疫反应的能力。
结果:图3表示显示的数据为来自对照转染(圆形)或serrated转染(正方形)树突细胞(DCs)免疫的动物、培养后72小时LNCs的cpm。
和对照DCs免疫相比,用表达Serrate的DCs免疫的小鼠在从淋巴结收集的细胞数目上降低10倍。和来自用对照DCs免疫的小鼠的细胞相比,我们进一步发现来自用DCs+Serrate免疫的小鼠的LNCs不能增殖(在对照值上下降93%,图3)或分泌IL-2。
实施例6
表达Delta的T细胞杂交瘤在动物中能够抑制对Derp1抗原的免疫发
展
T细胞杂交瘤(用Derp1激活)用含小鼠Delta的逆转录病毒或用对照病毒转染,此Delta在细胞表面表达。C57 BL小鼠用1×107已照射的杂交瘤腹腔内注射,并用乳化在完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)中的50微克Derp1皮下免疫。7天后收集引流的淋巴结细胞,以4×105细胞/孔用Derp1(10微克/ml)、Derp1的肽110-131(10微克/ml)、或Derp1的肽81-102(10微克/ml)培养。培养物37℃培养72小时,在最后8小时的培养中加入氚化的胸苷。图4显示来自用对照转染(puro)或Delta转染(Delta-FL)注射的动物的细胞增殖实验的结果。
结果:在Derp1、肽110-131或肽81-102存在时在培养中增殖。来自用对照病毒转染的杂交瘤注射的动物的LNC产生高水平的IL-2,相反,来自用表达Delta的杂交瘤注射的动物的细胞对Derp1抗原的任一个都无反应(图4)。
实施例7
表达Delta的人T细胞能封闭正常T细胞
流感激活的人T细胞克隆(HA 1.7)用含小鼠Delta的逆转录病毒构建物转染以允许细胞表面表达Delta蛋白。将此细胞群和正常HA1.7的混合防止了这些正常HA 1.7用肽HA 306-318和抗原呈递细胞的随后活化。5×105HA 1.7和1×106已照射的DRB1*0101外周血单核细胞(PBMC)+1微克HA 306-318混合,并在37℃培养。6小时后5%lymphocult(含IL-2的培养基)加至1ml的总体积中。开始培养后24小时加入Delta或对照逆转录病毒或不加任何东西。开始培养后7天,收获、冲洗细胞,并照射转染的细胞。转染的细胞以2∶1的比率和未处理的HA 1.7混合,并培养2天。然后收获混合培养物,冲洗并以2×104可成活细胞和下列一起铺盘:
a)2.5×104DRB1*0101 PBMCs(培养基)
b)2.5×104 DRB1*0101 PBMCs+肽(Ag+APC)
c)5%lymphocult(IL-2)培养68小时,在最后8小时加入氚化的胸苷后收获细胞。结果显示于图5。结果:单独培养或与对照病毒转染的HA 1.7培养后,未处理的HA 1.7对肽+抗原呈递细胞有很好的反应。与Delta转染的已照射HA 1.7一起培养完全防止了未处理HA 1.7对抗原+APC的反应。然而这些细胞与未处理或对照病毒培养的HA 1.7一样对IL-2有反应,表明它们不仅仅是不能增殖(图5)。
实施例8
抗原呈递细胞的Serrate表达防止T细胞的反应
克隆HA 1.7在表达HLA-DRB1*0101的L细胞(作为抗原呈递细胞)存在下与肽HA 306-318(1.0微克/ml)混合,每种细胞类型使用2×104。L细胞用对照(puro)或表达Serrate(Serrate L细胞)的逆转录病毒转染。72小时以后,最后8小时的培养加入氚化胸苷,测量增殖反应。对HA 1.7培养物的结果显示于图6:
b)+IL-2
c)+肽+DRB1*0101-L细胞
d)+肽+用对照病毒转染的DRB1*0101-L细胞
实施例9
表达Serrate的抗原呈递细胞诱导调节T细胞
克隆HA 1.7在2%IL-2存在下和肽HA 306-318以及L细胞(表达DRB1*0101,作为抗原呈递细胞)混合。L细胞用对照或表达serrate的逆转录病毒转染。培养7天后,与新鲜HA 1.7混合之前收获、冲洗并照射HA 1.7(每种细胞群用2×104)。用肽(1.0微克/ml)+正常的抗原呈递细胞(DRB1*0101 PBMCs)刺激之前细胞进一步培养2天。培养72小时后,最终8小时的培养加入氚化的胸苷,测量增殖反应。对新鲜HA 1.7的结果显示于图7:
a)单独
d)+serrate病毒诱导的HA 1.7,然后肽+DRB1*0101 PBMC
结果:由表达serrate的L细胞诱导的HA 1.7阻止了正常HA 1.7对正常抗原刺激的反应(图7)。这表明由暴露给serrate所耐受的细胞将它们的耐受传递给原初细胞群的能力(感染/旁观者耐受)。
实施例10
由表达delta的T细胞所诱导的调节是抗原特异的
用107delta或对照逆转录病毒转导的T细胞杂交瘤细胞注射小鼠。杂交瘤是2BC3,它对Derp1的肽110-131具有特异性。同时动物接受乳化于完全弗氏佐剂中的Derp1或卵白蛋白。7天后,去除淋巴结细胞,在Derp1或卵白蛋白(用与它们被免疫时相同的抗原)存在下培养4×105细胞。
开始培养后24小时测量IL-2的合成。对用对照(puro)或Delta(delta)逆转录病毒转染的杂交瘤注射的动物,IL-2合成的刺激指数显示于图8a(用Derp1免疫的动物的反应)和8b(用OVA免疫的动物的反应)。
结果:在用表达delta的2BC3杂交瘤注射的动物中对Derp1的反应基本上完全取消,而对卵白蛋白的反应则无影响。数据显示于图8a和8b,其中每一点作为对照反应(无抗原加入)的刺激指数(SI)代表由每个小鼠对抗原的IL-2的合成。
实施例11
耐受诱导的过程中Delta在T细胞上表达
在缺少APCs、存在肽HA 306-318(50μg/ml)时培养HA 1.7。此条件在HA 1.7中产生耐受状态。0、30、120、240或360分钟后收获细胞(1.5×106)、沉淀并冷冻。通过在硫氰酸胍中匀浆接着通过CsCl密度离心从细胞沉淀中制备RNA。使用oligo dT引物将1μgRNA转换成cDNA。使用对人delta同系物特异的引物将得到的cDNA的1/20用于PCR(40个循环)。凝胶电泳分析PCR样品(图9),其中第一道、标记、第2道、t=0、第3道、t=30分钟、第4道、t=120分钟、第5道、t=240分钟、第6道、t=360分钟、第7道是负对照。
结果:检测的HA 1.7并不表达Delta mRNA,但在耐受试验开始2小时内出现转录物。
实施例12
耐受诱导过程中通过免疫组织学和原位杂交分析Notch 1、Serrate 1
和Delta 1
在连续三天内用100μg Derp1肽110-131或对照溶液(磷酸盐缓冲液,PBS)鼻内处理C57 BL/6J小鼠。已知此种方法鼻内施用抗原可诱导对抗原的耐受。通过将50μg Derp1/CFA皮下注射进尾基部用抗原再激发之前,一些动物休息2周。在此后几个时间点(do是鼻内处理或抗原再激发的第一天)收获表层的淋巴结及动物的脾,并进行免疫组织学或原位杂交。对免疫组织学,冷冻组织并切3μm的切片,在冰预冷的丙酮中固定并用对Notch 1和Serrate 1特异的单克隆抗体染色。用以二氨基联苯胺为底物的辣根过氧化酶偶联的山羊抗兔抗体检测结合抗体。对此研究未得到Delta 1特异的抗体。对原位杂交,冰冻组织切片并在4%多聚甲醛中固定。在65℃切片用对Notch 1、Serrate1及Delta 1特异的地高辛偶联反义RNA探针杂交。通过碱性磷酸酶偶联的山羊抗地高辛抗体检测结合抗体接着用NBT和BCIP作为底物检测对显示于表1和表2的数据分别是免疫组织学和原位杂交。数据代表单独鼻内肽(PBS/p110-131最初的)或鼻内和皮下抗原(PBS/p110-131再激发)后从5个不同小鼠中所取组织的分析。+弱染、++中度染色、+++强染
结果:
在只接受PBS的对照小鼠中表达基本水平的Notch、Delta和Serrate。鼻内施用PBS并皮下注射抗原的小鼠在再激发的8天内三种分子的表达都表现中度的增加。单独鼻内施用肽或鼻内施用肽接着用抗原再激发的动物表现出相同方式的Notch、Delta和Serrate增加的表达,它比对照小鼠增强快得多并且大得多。
表1
诱导免疫耐受过程中Notch和Serrate蛋白的表达
处理 0天 1天 4天 8天 12天
Notch 1 PBS首次 + + + + +
PBS再刺激 + + + +/++ +/++
p110-131首次 + + ++ +++ +++
p110-131再刺激 + + ++ +++ +++
Serrate 1 PBS首次 + + + + +
PBS再刺激 + + + +/++ +/++
p110-131首次 + + ++ +++ +++
p110-131再刺激 + + ++ +++ +++
表2
诱导免疫耐受过程中Notch、Delta和Serrate转录物的表达
处理 0天 1天 4天 8天 12天
Notch 1 PBS首次 + + + + +
PBS再刺激 + + + +/++ +/++
p110-131首次 + + ++ +++ +++
p110-131再刺激 + + ++ +++ +++
Serrate 1 PBS首次 + + + + +
PBS再刺激 + + + +/++ +/++
p110-131首次 + + ++ +++ +++
p110-131再刺激 + + ++ +++ +++
Delta 1 PBS首次 + + + + +
PBS再刺激 + + + +/++ +/++
p110-131首次 + + ++ +++ +++
p110-131再刺激 + + ++ +++ +++
本发明的其它修改对本领域的技术人员是显而易见的。
Claims (19)
1.Notch-配体在生产用于免疫治疗的药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1的应用,其中免疫治疗涉及T细胞介导的疾病或感染的治疗。
3.根据权利要求2的应用,其中T细胞介导的疾病或感染是由于下面疾病中的一个或更多:过敏反应、移植排斥、自身免疫、肿瘤诱导的对T细胞系统的异常以及感染疾病。
4.根据权利要求3的应用,其中所述感染疾病由疟原虫属、微丝蚴属、蠕虫、分枝杆菌、HIV、巨细胞病毒、假单胞杆菌属、弓形虫属、棘球属、流感嗜血杆菌B型、麻疹、丙型肝炎或Toxicara引起。
5.根据权利要求1至3任一项的应用,其中Notch-配体选自serrate或Delta。
6.Notch-配体在生产用于影响结合抑制的药物中的应用。
7.Notch-配体在生产用于影响感染耐受的药物中的应用。
8.使T细胞对过敏原或抗原耐受的方法,包括在所述过敏原或抗原存在下,将所述T细胞和表达或过表达Notch-配体的抗原呈递细胞一起培养/暴露。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中Notch-配体的表达/过表达是由于用能表达所述配体的病毒转染的APC。
10.根据权利要求8的方法,其中Notch-配体的表达/过表达是由于由上调Notch-配体表达基因表达的药物所刺激的APC。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中药物选自头蛋白、Chordin、Follistatin、Xnr3或成纤维细胞生长因子。
12.根据权利要求8、9、10或11的方法,其中APC选自树突细胞、L细胞、杂交瘤、淋巴瘤、巨噬细胞、B细胞或合成的APCs。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中所述合成的APCs是脂膜。
14.根据权利要求8、9、10或11的方法,其中Notch-配体选自Serrate或Delta。
15.一种分子,包括与T细胞过敏原或抗原部分可操作地连接的Notch抗原部分,从而在与T细胞接触时两部分都能与其各自位点结合。
16.根据权利要求15的分子,其中Notch-配体部分选自Serrate或Delta。
17.一种融合蛋白,包括Notch配体细胞外结构域区段和免疫球蛋白Fc区段。
18.根据权利要求17的融合蛋白,其中Notch配体细胞外结构域源于Notch、Delta或Serrate。
19.根据权利要求17或18的融合蛋白,其中Fc区段是IgGFc或IgMFc。
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GB9827604D0 (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 1999-02-10 | Lorantis Ltd | Methods of immunosuppression |
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IL101728A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 2007-08-19 | Univ Yale | Human Abandonment and Delta, Restrictive Areas of Effect in Tophoric Proteins, and Methods Based on Them |
US5869282A (en) * | 1991-12-11 | 1999-02-09 | Imperial Cancer Research Technology, Ltd. | Nucleotide and protein sequences of the serrate gene and methods based thereon |
US5786158A (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1998-07-28 | Yale University | Therapeutic and diagnostic methods and compositions based on notch proteins and nucleic acids |
CA2182498A1 (en) * | 1994-02-01 | 1995-08-10 | William J. Larochelle | Fusion proteins that include antibody and nonantibody portions |
US5780300A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-07-14 | Yale University | Manipulation of non-terminally differentiated cells using the notch pathway |
ATE319827T1 (de) * | 1995-11-17 | 2006-03-15 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Polypeptid, das die differenzierung unterdrueckt |
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