CN116034736A - Seed taking method for megacypress fruits - Google Patents
Seed taking method for megacypress fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN116034736A CN116034736A CN202310032874.4A CN202310032874A CN116034736A CN 116034736 A CN116034736 A CN 116034736A CN 202310032874 A CN202310032874 A CN 202310032874A CN 116034736 A CN116034736 A CN 116034736A
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000218691 Cupressaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000592238 Juniperus communis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000721662 Juniperus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000005308 Juniperus chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F5/00—Hand-operated implements for threshing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F11/00—Threshing apparatus specially adapted for maize; Threshing apparatus specially adapted for particular crops other than cereals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
- F26B25/14—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction
- F26B25/18—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction mainly open, e.g. dish, tray, pan, rack
- F26B25/185—Spacers; Elements for supporting the goods to be dried, i.e. positioned in-between the goods to build a ventilated stack
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for picking seeds of megalobum fruit, belonging to the field of megalobum cultivation. The method for picking the seeds of the megacypress fruits comprises the following steps: a. manually collecting giant cypress fruits with seed scales not cracked or slightly cracked from seed collection parent trees; b. filling the collected Juniperus communis fruits into seed bags, then placing the seed bags filled with seeds on a hollowed-out shelf, spreading the seed bags into 1 layer, placing the hollowed-out shelf in a closed room for drying, and controlling the humidity of the room to be less than 30% and the temperature to be 25-30 ℃; c. and (5) lightly shaking or flicking the seed bag after the drying treatment to completely release the seeds, and removing impurities to obtain the megalobum seeds. After the treatment of the invention is adopted, more than 90 percent of the cypress fruits can be dried and cracked, and the seeds can be released, the germination rate of the cypress seeds can reach more than 37.5 percent, and the problem of lower seed yield of the existing cypress seed taking method in the prior art can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of giant cypress cultivation, and particularly relates to a giant cypress fruit seed taking method.
Background
Juniperus communis is a special rare species in Tibet and is also a national class I important protection wild plant. The population distribution range of the megacypress is narrow, the megacypress is mainly distributed on two sides of a river valley in a city of a Yaruuzan Jiang Langxian to a valley in a Milin county and Yigongxiang in a Bomi county, the distribution elevation is concentrated between 2900 and 3400m, the megacypress is always on a slow beach in a river-along section, the middle lower part of a terrace-land sunny slope with an outcrop of the limestone and a drought hillside, a sparse pure forest is formed, and the megacypress is an important component part of tree species of vegetation trees in regional forests. According to the investigation of plant institute of China academy of sciences, approximately 4 wands of Juniperus are naturally distributed in Yalu Tibetan Jiang Yanan, and the distribution elevation is varied from 2900m to 4100 m. The Juniperus chinensis natural distribution area is divided into four parts, namely, an upstream county residence group, a Milin residence group and a Linzhi residence group. The Juniperus communis can be used as a forestation tree species in the middle and downstream of the Yangtze river of the Tibetan, and has important significance for researching systematic development of Cupressaceae plants, and vegetation establishment and community succession in the ecological fragile area of the Tibetan east.
Although the current natural population of the megacypress has good overall survival state, the natural updating is difficult due to the long tree age of the megacypress, the small fruit set of the natural forest stand, the high hydrothermal condition required by the megacypress, the poor standing condition and other reasons, the rare young trees in the natural environment are caused, and the population fading trend is obvious. In addition, the number of megacypress individuals is reduced due to natural and artificial interference such as wind fall, natural death, artificial felling and branch collection and the like, and the megacypress individuals are in an endangered state at present (listed in Chinese plant red book, chinese biodiversity red directory-higher plant roll, and the world natural protection consortium endangered species red directory (IUCN) -easy-to-endanger (VU)). Therefore, the artificial seed collection, seedling breeding and field regression of the megalobum are of great significance for protecting the species and the genetic resources of the species. Under the condition, the first step is to effectively obtain the megacypress seeds with a certain germination rate.
The megalobum fruit is spherical with a cone moment, the length is 1.6-2 cm, and the diameter is 1.3-1.6 cm; 6 pairs of seed scales, woody, scutellum, flat top, pentagonal or hexagonal shape, or quadrangle shape of the upper seed scales, with obvious and raised tip in the center, can seed most seeds; the two sides of the seed are provided with narrow wings. The cypress takes 2 years from pollination to fruit maturation, the seeds are released after the scales of the fruit seeds are cracked, and the two sides of the seeds are provided with narrow wings and lighter.
The current main seed taking method of the Juniperus communis comprises the following steps: (1) Laying padding cloth under the seed-collecting parent tree, and collecting seeds by beating or shaking off, wherein the method is labor-consuming, the mature periods of different parent trees and fruit branches are possibly inconsistent, the seeds can be scattered in the beating process, and the quantity of the collected seeds is limited; (2) The seeds with large quantity are obtained by manually picking fruits with uncracked or micro-cracked seed scales from the seed picking parent tree, and the method is a better method for picking the seeds in the giant cypress breeding. However, the traditional treatment method is to subject fruits to sun exposure, and beat out seeds after the scales of the seeds are cracked. The method has the advantages that fruits with high maturity are easy to crack, fruits with low maturity are easy to wilt by sunlight and cannot crack, the yield is low, seeds which fall off firstly are easy to lose water due to sunlight solarization, the germination rate is reduced, and meanwhile, the fruits are easily influenced by weather conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the seed yield of the existing Juniperus communis seed taking method is low.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for picking seeds of Juniperus communis fruits comprises the following steps:
a. manually collecting giant cypress fruits with seed scales not cracked or slightly cracked from seed collection parent trees;
b. filling the collected Juniperus communis fruits into seed bags, spreading the seed bags filled with seeds on a hollowed-out shelf, drying the hollowed-out shelf in a closed room, and controlling the humidity of the room to be less than 30% and the temperature to be 25-30 ℃;
c. and (5) lightly shaking or flicking the seed bag after the drying treatment to completely release the seeds, and removing impurities to obtain the megalobum seeds.
In the above step b, the air in the closed room is flowing.
In the step b, the seed bag is a nylon gauze bag with pores which cannot cause the megacypress seeds to leak out.
Further, the porosity of the seed bag is 10-40 meshes, the length of the seed bag is 55cm, and the width of the seed bag is 35cm.
In the step b, the hollow article shelf is at least one layer of net wire hollow article shelf.
In the step b, an air conditioner is adopted to adjust the temperature and the humidity in the closed room, or an electric oil heater or an electric heating fan heater is adopted to assist in temperature adjustment.
And (c) when the number of fruits is small, in the step (b), placing the hollowed-out shelf in a forced air drying box, and carrying out forced air drying at 25-30 ℃.
In the step b, the drying treatment is carried out for 4 to 5 days in a closed room.
In the step c, after the fruit is dried, the seed bag is gently shaken, and if necessary, the seed bag is gently knocked by a wooden stick.
In the step c, the impurity removal is to remove impurities (scale leaves and the like) doped in the process of seed scale and collection.
In the step c, the obtained giant cypress seeds are put into kraft bags and then put into PE plastic self-sealing bags, and the giant cypress seeds are refrigerated and stored for 8-10 years at the temperature of 0-5 ℃.
Further, a proper amount of drying agent can be added into the PE plastic self-sealing bag.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the traditional method for taking the seeds of the giant cypress adopts sunlight drying under natural conditions, and uses the sunlight irradiation direction to heat, so that the release of the giant cypress seeds takes 7-10 days. The invention improves the temperature and the flow rate of air around a commodity shelf through proper high-temperature control (25-30 ℃) and humidity adjustment, achieves the aim of accelerating fruit drying, promotes the release of seeds, shortens the release time of most of the cypress seeds to 3-5 days under the condition of the invention, avoids the influence of weather conditions on the fruit drying process, and more than 90% of cypress fruits can be dried and cracked and release seeds after being treated by the invention. The seeds obtained by the method are 20-25% more than the seeds obtained by the traditional method when the same number of megacypress fruits are treated. The reason is that under the traditional illumination condition, the fruits with low maturity are easy to be heated unevenly and have long treatment time, are easy to be sun-cured by sunlight, and the seed scales cannot be cracked, so that the seeds cannot be released.
The seed obtained by the invention starts the seed drying process at the same time in the fruit drying process, and the seed collection is also carried out under the same condition, thereby being beneficial to the preservation of the seed and the maintenance of the vitality thereof. Because the drying treatment time is short, the invention avoids the loss of more seed vitality under natural conditions, and the germination rate of the megacypress seeds is about 27.5 percent under the natural conditions, and can reach more than 37.5 percent by adopting the condition of the invention. Because the dry seed bags are mutually independent, and the storage racks are mutually independent, seeds of different groups, single plants and the like can be effectively prevented from being mixed, the invention can simultaneously and intensively treat the Juniperus communis seeds meeting a plurality of research or production purposes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a seed bag according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the placement of a seed bag containing fruits according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a drying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention can be implemented in the following way.
A method for picking seeds of Juniperus communis fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) fruit collection: collecting and collecting megacypress fruits when most of the fruit seed scales are slightly cracked;
(2) Fruit placement: filling the collected Juniperus communis fruits into a seed bag, spreading into 1 layer, and clamping the opening of the seed bag by using a clamp to prevent the fruits or seeds from falling off in the operation process (shown in figure 3); placing the seed bag into a frame of a drying device (shown in fig. 4), and placing the frame onto a rack; the rack is placed in advance in a closed house with an air conditioner;
the drying device consists of a seed bag, a frame and a rack, wherein the seed bag is a nylon gauze bag with holes which can not cause the leakage of the megacypress seeds, and is generally 10-40 meshes, the length of the nylon gauze bag is 55cm, and the width of the nylon gauze bag is 35cm (shown in figure 1); the frame is a 304 stainless steel frame (shown in figure 2) with the length of 55cm, the width of 40 cm and the height of 5.0-6.0 cm; the frame structure is formed by vertically and crosswise welding stainless steel bars with the diameter of 0.2 cm, the distance between the stainless steel bars is 4.0 cm, and the diameter of the uppermost steel bar is 0.4 cm, so that the fixing and convenient operation functions are realized; the rack has a five-layer structure, the length is 90 cm, the width is 45 cm, the height is 180 cm, the main pipe rack is a carbon steel pipe, the pipe diameter is 2.54 cm, and the 5 layers of bearing structures are bamboo joint pipes;
preferably, the sizes of the seed bags, frames and racks are not limited to the sizes listed in the invention, and can be adjusted according to actual production or research conditions: the seed bag is suitable for preventing the megacypress seeds from leaking out, the frame is suitable for supporting the seed bag filled with megacypress fruits, and the rack is suitable for supporting multiple layers of frames filled with the seed bags;
(3) And (3) drying environment control: the humidity in the house is less than 30%, and the temperature is in the range of 25-30 ℃; an air conditioner is adopted to adjust the temperature and the humidity, and an electric oil heater or an electric warm air blower can be added to assist in heating if necessary, so that the air in the closed room flows;
preferably, when drying, under the condition of less fruits, the seed bag and the frame filled with the megalobum fruit can be placed in a forced air drying box, and the forced air drying is carried out at 25-30 ℃;
(4) And (3) fruit drying: after 2-3 days of treatment, the seed scales of the megalobum fruit gradually lose green and turn brown, and lose water, dry and crack, the crack gradually increases along with the increase of time, and the seeds gradually scatter out; after 4-5 days, most fruits can crack to finish seed release, and the megacypress seeds are in a dry environment, so that the drying process is finished at the same time;
(5) Seed collection: after the fruits are dried, the seed bags are gently shaken, and if necessary, a wood stick is used for lightly knocking to completely release the megacypress seeds, and then the fruits and impurities (scaly leaves and the like) doped in the collecting process are discarded to obtain the megacypress seeds;
(6) Seed preservation: the giant cypress seeds can be firstly put into a kraft paper bag (envelope) and then put into an enlarged PE plastic self-sealing bag for preservation; the self-sealing bag filled with the megalobum seeds can be directly put into a refrigerator with the temperature of 0-5 ℃ for preservation, and a proper amount of drying agent can be added into the self-sealing bag when necessary; the half-life period of the cypress seeds under the natural condition is 3.5 years, and the cypress seeds can be preserved for 8-10 years in a refrigerator at the temperature of 0-5 ℃.
In addition to obtaining megacypress seeds, the invention is equally suitable for treating other fruits of cypress and the like with seed scales, which need to be split to obtain seeds.
The technical scheme and effect of the present invention will be further described by practical examples.
Examples
The invention provides a group of examples for taking seeds of megacypress fruits by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, and provides a group of comparative examples for taking seeds of megacypress fruits by adopting a traditional manual seed taking method, and the specific experiments are as follows.
(1) Fruit dehiscence (seed acquisition) rate
Examples: by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the drying treatment is carried out for 3-5 days in a closed room; comparative example: the fruits are collected by the traditional method and exposed to sunlight for 7-10 days, and turning is noted. Examples and comparative examples 100 fruits were randomly taken for each test, each method was repeated 5 times, and the number of fruits having cracked scales was counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Scale cracking results
As shown in Table 1, compared with the traditional method, the technical scheme of the invention can obviously shorten the drying treatment time, the cracking rate of the final fruits is 90-95%, and the seed yield is obviously improved.
(2) Germination rate of megalobum seeds
40 seeds obtained by the two methods of the example and the comparative example are randomly taken for each experiment, placed on filter paper, placed in a culture dish, supplemented with water daily to ensure the humidity of the filter paper, and all the culture dishes are placed in an illumination incubator (the temperature is set to 20 ℃ C., and the illumination is carried out daily for 8 hours); the test was repeated 5 times as described above, the germination rate was counted on the 15 th day of each test using the radicle protruding the seed coat beyond the seed diameter as the germination standard, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 seed germination percentage
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the conventional method, the method provided by the invention avoids the loss of more seed vitality under natural conditions, the germination rate of the megacypress seeds obtained by the method provided by the invention is 37.5-45%, the germination rate of the megacypress seeds is remarkably improved, and the seed survival rate is higher.
Claims (10)
1. The method for picking the seeds of the megacypress fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. manually collecting giant cypress fruits with seed scales not cracked or slightly cracked from seed collection parent trees;
b. filling the collected Juniperus communis fruits into seed bags, spreading the seed bags filled with seeds on a hollowed-out shelf, drying the hollowed-out shelf in a closed room, and controlling the humidity of the room to be less than 30% and the temperature to be 25-30 ℃;
c. and (5) lightly shaking or flicking the seed bag after the drying treatment to completely release the seeds, and removing impurities to obtain the megalobum seeds.
2. The method for taking seeds of megacypress fruits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step b, the air in the enclosed room is flowing.
3. The method for taking seeds of megacypress fruits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, the seed bag is a nylon gauze bag with pores which cannot cause the megacypress seeds to leak out.
4. The method for taking seeds of megacypress fruits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, the hollow article shelf is at least one layer of net wire hollow article shelf.
5. The method for taking seeds of megacypress fruits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, an air conditioner is adopted to adjust the temperature and the humidity in the closed room, or an electric oil heater or an electric warm air blower is adopted to assist in temperature adjustment.
6. The method for picking up seeds of megacypress fruits according to claim 5, wherein: and (c) when the number of fruits is small, in the step (b), placing the hollowed-out shelf in a forced air drying box, and carrying out forced air drying at 25-30 ℃.
7. The method for taking seeds of megacypress fruits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step b, the drying treatment is carried out in a closed room for 4 to 5 days.
8. The method for taking seeds of megacypress fruits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step c, after the fruits are dried, the seed bag is gently shaken, and if necessary, the seed bag is gently knocked by a wood stick.
9. The method for taking seeds of megacypress fruits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step c, the impurity removal is to remove impurities doped in the seed scales and the collecting process.
10. The method for taking seeds of megacypress fruits according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step c, the obtained giant cypress seeds are put into kraft paper bags, then are put into PE plastic self-sealing bags, and are refrigerated and stored for 8-10 years at 0-5 ℃.
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| CN202310032874.4A CN116034736A (en) | 2023-01-10 | 2023-01-10 | Seed taking method for megacypress fruits |
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