CN115990201B - 清开灵制剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
清开灵制剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115990201B CN115990201B CN202211388323.3A CN202211388323A CN115990201B CN 115990201 B CN115990201 B CN 115990201B CN 202211388323 A CN202211388323 A CN 202211388323A CN 115990201 B CN115990201 B CN 115990201B
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Abstract
本发明提供一种清开灵制剂的制备方法,属于中药制剂技术领域,取板蓝根采用64~69wt%的乙醇水溶液进行回流提取两次,合并所得提取液冷藏后,直接过滤,所得滤液直接回收乙醇至无醇味,浓缩,调节pH值至中性,即得板蓝根提取液;采用所述板蓝根提取液制备所述清开灵制剂。本发明通过选用特定浓度的乙醇水溶液作为溶剂进行回流提取能够有效提取出(R,S)‑告依春等有效成分,且由于这些有效成分能够很好的溶于该浓度的乙醇水溶液,在后续过滤过程中这些有效成分并不会随药渣而被滤出,进而提高了清开灵制剂的品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药制剂,尤其涉及一种清开灵制剂的制备方法。
背景技术
清开灵制剂是经古方安宫牛黄丸拆方而改制成的,处方主要有板蓝根和金银花等一共八味药,具有清热解毒、泻火除烦、化痰通络、醒神开窍等作用也可用于治疗脑血管引起的神志不清,肢体麻木等。
板蓝根始载于《神农本草经》,为十字花科植物菘蓝的干燥根。板蓝根具有清热凉血,解毒利咽的作用,临床广泛用于发热咽痛,风热感冒,丹毒,痈肿,温疫时毒等,可有效防治流行性感冒、乙型肝炎、腮腺炎等。目前,已从板蓝根中分离出的化合物主要有生物碱类成分、有机酸类成分、氨基酸类成分、含硫类成分、芥子苷类成分、蒽酿类成分、木脂素类成分、甾醇类成分及核苷类成分等。药理研究表明:(R,S)-告依春作为板蓝根有效成分之一,具有明显的抗菌、抗病毒作用,也是清开灵制剂中的重要活性成分之一。
金银花是忍冬科的植物忍冬的干燥花蕾或者是带初开的花,其功效有凉散风热、清热解毒等。现代化学分析及药理实验证明,金银花具有清热抗炎、抗病原微生物、抗流感病毒、止血、保肝利胆、调节免疫系统、抗氧化、抗癌等多种药理作用。金银花化学成分复杂,近年来对金银花中有效化学成分提取的研究较多。研究表明,金银花中的有效成分主要是挥发油、有机酸类、三萜皂苷类、黄酮及其苷类等多种成分,其中又以木犀草苷为代表的黄酮类成分更是金银花抗菌、抗病毒的主要活性成分。这些黄酮类成分也是清开灵制剂中的重要活性成分之一。
公告号为CN102940822B的中国发明专利公开了一种清开灵药物组合物,通过优化配方,提高了清开灵注射液的疗效。然而在实际工业生产过程中,由于(R,S)-告依春、木犀草苷等有效成分虽然溶于沸水,却不溶于冷水,加水煎煮虽然能够将这些有效成分提取出,但由于实际生产为大批量生产,单单一味药的煎煮液过滤就需要2个小时左右,这就导致这些过滤过程中煎煮液温度下降,且一般情况下煎煮液都是两次煎煮后合并过滤,在第一次煎煮完成后进行第二次煎煮时,第一次煎煮所得煎煮液温度也会下降,导致(R,S)-告依春、木犀草苷等有效成分随煎煮液温度下降而析出,因此在实际过滤过程中析出的(R,S)-告依春、木犀草苷等有效成分会随药渣滤出,从而导致滤液中(R,S)-告依春、木犀草苷等有效成分含量下降,进而影响清开灵注射液的品质。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供一种清开灵制剂的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案为:
一种清开灵制剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
取板蓝根采用64~69wt%的乙醇水溶液进行回流提取两次,合并所得提取液冷藏后,直接过滤,所得滤液直接回收乙醇至无醇味,浓缩,调节pH值至中性,即得板蓝根提取液;
采用所述板蓝根提取液制备所述清开灵制剂。
进一步的,制备所述板蓝根提取液过程中,板蓝根与乙醇水溶液的重量比为1:6~7。
进一步的,制备所述板蓝根提取液过程中,冷藏的时间为2~3h。
进一步的,制备所述板蓝根提取液过程中,回流提取的时间为0.5~1.5h。
进一步的,制备所述清开灵制剂还需采用金银花提取液,所述金银花提取液的制备过程如下:
取金银花采用78~82wt%的乙醇水溶液进行回流提取两次,合并所得提取液冷藏后,直接过滤,所得滤液直接回收乙醇至无醇味,浓缩,调节pH值至中性,即得所述金银花提取液。
进一步的,制备所述金银花提取液过程中,金银花与乙醇水溶液的重量比为1:8~10。
进一步的,制备所述金银花提取液过程中,冷藏的时间为4~5h。
进一步的,制备所述金银花提取液过程中,回流提取的时间为0.5~1h。
进一步的,所述制备方法还包括:
分别取栀子、水牛角、珍珠母粉,分别制备栀子提取液、水牛角水解滤液、珍珠母水解滤液;
合并水牛角水解滤液和珍珠母水解滤液,调pH,过滤后,进行醇沉,得水牛角和珍珠母水解混合液;
取胆酸及猪去氧胆酸溶于乙醇水溶液中,得胆酸和猪去氧胆酸溶液;
取栀子提取液、板蓝根提取液、金银花提取液及水牛角和珍珠母水解混合液合并,加入胆酸和猪去氧胆酸溶液,混匀,醇沉,加水,得混合液;
取黄芩苷加水溶液,得黄芩苷水溶液;
取黄芩苷水溶液调pH值后,加入混合液,混匀,补加水、活性炭处理、灌封灭菌,即得所述清开灵制剂。
进一步的,所述栀子提取液是取栀子加水煎煮两次,合并煎液,滤过,滤液浓缩后,加入乙醇经第一次冷藏进行醇沉,过滤,滤液回收乙醇至无醇味,第二次冷藏,过滤,再次加入乙醇经第三次冷藏进行醇沉,过滤,滤液回收乙醇至无醇味,第四次冷藏,再次过滤后制得;
所述水牛角水解滤液是取水牛角粉经氢氧化钡水溶液水解后,过滤制得;
所述珍珠母水解滤液是取珍珠母粉经硫酸水溶液水解后,过滤制得;
板蓝根、金银花、栀子、水牛角粉、珍珠母粉、胆酸、猪去氧胆酸及黄芩苷的重量比为180~220:60:20~27:42~57:1.85~3.82:1.7~4.8:4.2~6.2。
本发明的清开灵制剂的制备方法的有益效果为:
本发明通过选用特定浓度的乙醇水溶液作为溶剂进行回流提取能够有效提取出板蓝根中所含的生物碱类成分、有机酸类成分、氨基酸类成分、甾醇类成分等,尤其是能够有效提取出(R,S)-告依春等有效成分,且由于这些有效成分能够很好的溶于该浓度的乙醇水溶液,在后续过滤过程中这些有效成分并不会随药渣而被滤出,进而提高了清开灵制剂的品质;
本发明通过选用特定浓度的乙醇水溶液作为溶剂进行回流提取能够有效提取出金银花中所含的挥发油、有机酸类、三萜皂苷类、黄酮及其苷类成分等,尤其是能够有效提取出木犀草苷及绿原酸等有效成分,且由于这些有效成分能够很好的溶于该浓度的乙醇水溶液,在后续过滤过程中这些有效成分并不会随药渣而被滤出,进而提高了清开灵制剂的品质;
同时,现有技术中对金银花进行煎煮还会导致金银花中的挥发油在煎煮过程中挥发,影响清开灵制剂品质,本发明采用乙醇水溶液回流提取能够防止金银花中的挥发油挥发,进一步提高清开灵制剂的品质;
进一步的,由于蛋白质、多糖、鞣质等大分子物质进入体内易导致人体过敏,同时这些物质易溶于水且难溶于乙醇,因此在制备清开灵制剂过程中需要利用醇沉工艺进行去除,从而降低清开灵制剂的致敏反应;本发明通过采用不同浓度的乙醇水溶液分别对板蓝根和金银花进行回流提取,不仅能够有效提取出相应的有效成分,还能够抑制提取过程中蛋白质、多糖、鞣质等大分子物质溶于相应的提取液,从而减少了醇沉工艺过程,即使在后续冷藏去除少量进入提取液中的大分子时,所耗时长也明显比醇沉工艺所耗时长短,有效节约了时间成本;
此外,采用不同浓度的乙醇水溶液分别对板蓝根和金银花进行回流提取,还能够缩短工艺路线,进而降低生产成本。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
实施例1一种清开灵制剂的制备方法
本实施例为一种清开灵制剂的制备方法,具体制备过程包括依次进行的以下步骤:
1)180kg板蓝根采用1150kg的69wt%的乙醇水溶液进行回流提取两次,每次1h,合并所得提取液直接0~4℃冷藏2.5h后,过滤,所得滤液无需再次醇沉,直接回收乙醇至无醇味,并继续浓缩至80L(即浓缩后所得板蓝根浓缩液为80L),调节pH至中性,即得板蓝根提取液;
2)60kg金银花采用550kg的82%的乙醇水溶液进行回流提取两次,每次0.5h,合并提取液0~4℃冷藏4.5h后过滤,所得滤液无需醇沉,直接回收乙醇至无醇味,并浓缩至30L(即浓缩后所得金银花浓缩液为30L),调节pH值至中性,即得金银花提取液;
3)20kg栀子分别加入160kg纯化水,煎煮两次,第一次1h,第二次0.5h,合并煎液,过滤,滤液浓缩至20L,加入乙醇至含醇量达60wt%,0~4℃冷藏12h,过滤,滤液回收乙醇至无醇味,0~4℃冷藏12h,过滤,滤液再加入乙醇使含醇量达80wt%,0~4℃冷藏12h,过滤,回收乙醇至无醇味,0~4℃冷藏12h,过滤,得栀子提取液;
4)21kg水牛角粉用105kg浓度为4mol/L的Ba(OH)2水溶液水解7h,过滤,得水牛角水解滤液;
42kg珍珠母粉用210kg浓度为6mol/L的H2SO4水溶液水解7h,过滤,得珍珠母水解滤液;
合并水牛角水解滤液和珍珠母水解滤液,调节pH值至3.5,滤过,滤液加乙醇使含醇量达60wt%,0~4℃冷藏12h,过滤,滤液回收乙醇至无醇味,得水牛角和珍珠母水解混合液;
5)1.85kg胆酸及1.70kg猪去氧胆酸溶于15kg的75wt%乙醇水溶液中,得胆酸和猪去氧胆酸溶液;
将栀子提取液、板蓝根提取液、金银花提取液、水牛角和珍珠母水解混合液合并后,加至胆酸和猪去氧胆酸溶液中,混匀,再加乙醇使含醇量达75wt%,调节pH值至7.0,0~4℃冷藏12h,过滤,滤液回收乙醇至无醇味,加水,得混合液;
6)将4.2kg黄芩苷用注射水溶解,调pH值至7.5,加至混合液中,混匀,得清开灵溶液;
7)将清开灵溶液补加注射用水至1000L,再经活性炭处理后,冷藏,灌封灭菌,即得清开灵制剂,标记为Q1,其中清开灵制剂Q1中含有(R,S)-告依春0.07933mg/mL、木犀草苷0.02935mg/mL、绿原酸0.04241mg/mL。
(R,S)-告依春、木犀草苷及绿原酸的含量测定方法均依据《清开灵注射液关键生产单元工艺参数的优化研究》孙秀玉,北京中医药大学,硕士研究生学位论文。
实施例2~6清开灵制剂的制备方法
实施例2~6分别为一种清开灵制剂的制备方法,它们的步骤与实施例1基本相同,不同之处仅在于工艺参数的不同,具体详见表1:
表1实施例2~6中各项工艺参数一览表
实施例2~6其它部分的工艺步骤和参数与实施例1相同。
实验例1药效试验
对比例1~4为实施例3中清开灵制剂的制备方法的对比试验,区别仅在于:
对比例1中采用55wt%的乙醇水溶液对板蓝根进行加热回流提取两次,所得清开灵制剂标记为DQ1,其中(R,S)-告依春0.06123mg/mL、木犀草苷0.02989mg/mL、绿原酸0.04295mg/mL;
对比例2中采用80wt%的乙醇水溶液对板蓝根进行加热回流提取两次,所得清开灵制剂标记为DQ2,其中(R,S)-告依春0.07219mg/mL、木犀草苷0.02984mg/mL、绿原酸0.04297mg/mL;
对比例3中采用70wt%的乙醇水溶液对金银花进行加热回流提取两次,所得清开灵制剂标记为DQ3,其中(R,S)-告依春0.08865mg/mL、木犀草苷0.02814mg/mL、绿原酸0.03672mg/mL;
对比例4中采用95wt%的乙醇水溶液对金银花进行加热回流提取两次,所得清开灵制剂标记为DQ4,其中(R,S)-告依春0.08860mg/mL、木犀草苷0.02796mg/mL、绿原酸0.03537mg/mL;
对比例5依据公告号为CN102940822B的中国发明专利的实施例7中记载的方法制备清开灵制剂,所得清开灵制剂标记为DQ5,其中(R,S)-告依春0.00891mg/mL、木犀草苷0.00456mg/mL、绿原酸0.03102mg/mL;
分别取实施例3制备的清开灵制剂Q3和对比例1~5制备的清开灵制剂DQ1~DQ5进行药效试验,具体试验如下:
一、抗炎效果对比试验
A1)小鼠耳廓肿胀对比试验
取体重为20±2g的健康雄性昆明种小鼠70只,随机分成7组,每组10只,分别为模型对照组、试验组1~6,其中模型对照组灌胃蒸馏水,试验组1灌胃实施例3制备的清开灵制剂Q1,试验组2~6分别灌胃对比例1~5制备的清开灵制剂DQ1~DQ6,灌胃剂量均为10mL/kg,每日灌胃给药1次,连续给药3天。末次给药30min后,各组动物用二甲苯0.03mL/只涂于小鼠右耳廓两面致炎,左耳不涂作为正常耳,致炎30min后处死动物,用直径8mm的打孔器打下双耳相同部位耳片,于分析天平上称重,以肿胀度和肿胀抑制率表示药物的抗炎效应,具体结果见表2。其中,肿胀度和肿胀抑制率计算方式如下:
肿胀度=右耳重量-左耳重量;
肿胀抑制率(%)=(模型对照组肿胀度-试验组肿胀度)÷模型对照组肿胀度×100%。
表2小鼠耳廓肿胀对比试验结果一览表
注:与模型对照组比较,*P<0.05、**P<0.01。
由表2可以看出,本发明制备的清开灵制剂能明显地抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀,且作用明显优于现有技术。同时,还可以看到,对比例2和对比例4制备的清开灵制剂的抗炎效果也相对较好;但对比例1和对比例3制备的清开灵制剂的抗炎效果则略差。
A2)大鼠足肿胀对比试验
取200±20g健康雄性SD大鼠70只,随机分成7组,每组70只,分别为模型对照组、试验组1~6,其中模型对照组均灌胃蒸馏水,试验组1灌胃实施例1制备的清开灵制剂Q1,试验组2~6分别灌胃对比例1~5制备的清开灵制剂DQ1~DQ5,灌胃剂量均为1mL/kg,每日灌胃给药1次,连续给药3天。试验开始前在各鼠右后足踝关节处作标记,用足容积测定仪测定各鼠足容积两次,取平均值作为正常足容积。末次给药后30min,每只大鼠右后足跖部皮下进针穿过肌层至踝关节附近皮下,注射0.1mL浓度为1wt%的角叉菜胶生理盐水溶液致炎,分别于致炎后0.5h、1h、2h、4h、6h测定致炎足容积,计算各组大鼠致炎前后右后足跖容积变化值,以足肿胀度和足肿胀抑制率表示药物的抗炎效应,具体结果见表3。其中,足肿胀度和足肿胀抑制率的计算方式如下:
足肿胀度=致炎后足容积-正常足容积
足肿胀抑制率(%)=(模型对照组足肿胀度-试验组足肿胀度)÷模型对照组足肿胀度×100%。
表3大鼠足肿胀对比试验结果一览表
注:与模型对照组比较,*P<0.05、**P<0.01
由表3可以看出,在致炎后0.5h,本实施例制备的清开灵制剂即可显著抑制角叉菜胶所致的大鼠足肿胀(P<0.01),足肿胀抑制率可达43.48%,之后6h内的足肿胀抑制率也分别可达53.13%、63.41%、61.11%、54.17%。可见本发明制备的清开灵制剂可以显著抑制角叉菜胶所致的大鼠足肿胀,且作用明显优于现有技术。同时,还可以看到,对比例2和对比例4制备的清开灵制剂的抗炎效果也相对较好;但对比例1和对比例3制备的清开灵制剂的抗炎效果则略差。
二、致敏性实验
分别取生理盐水及实施例1和对比例1~5制备的清开灵制剂Q1和DQ1~DQ6,利用NS试剂和EB试剂分别配制相应的受试物(即生理盐水NS及Q1NS和DQ1NS~DQ5NS),且受试物均含有0.4wt%EB。
取22~25g的ICR小鼠70只,适应性饲养1d后,随机分成7组,每组10只,分别为对照组、试验组1~6,其中对照组一次性尾静脉注射20mL/kg生理盐水NS,试验组1一次性尾静脉注射20mL/kg的Q1NS(相当于给药6mL/kg的清开灵制剂Q1),试验组2~6分别一次性尾静脉注射20mL/kg的DQ1NS~DQ5NS(相当于给药6mL/kg的清开灵制剂DQ1~DQ5),各组小鼠于给药30min后,观察并记录每组出现耳廓蓝染的动物数、蓝染总耳数、耳廓蓝染面积。耳廓蓝染面积(S)按照以下方法进行评分:0分,双耳无蓝染;1分,0<S≤1/8;2分,1/8<S≤1/4;3分,1/4<S≤1/2;4分,1/2<S≤3/4;5分,3/4<S≤1。随后取双耳剪碎,用2mL甲酰胺浸泡过夜。次日过滤取上清液1mL加入到48孔培养板中,用多功能酶标仪于610nm处测吸光度A,根据EB标准曲线,计算EB渗出量(μg)。计算以下指标:反应率(%)=出现耳廓蓝染动物数/组内动物数×100%;耳蓝染率(%)=蓝染耳数/组内动物总耳数×100%;EB渗出升高率(%)=(给药组EB渗出-对照组EB渗出)/对照组EB渗出×100%。具体结果见下表。
表4小鼠类过敏反应结果一览表
由表4可以看出,本发明制备的清开灵制剂相较于现有技术,引起的小鼠类过敏反应有所降低,从而证明采用本发明的方法能够降低清开灵制剂中蛋白质、多糖、鞣质等大分子物质的含量。同时可以看到,对比例2和对比例4制备的清开灵制剂的致敏性明显增强,不利于清开灵制剂的安全使用。
显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种清开灵制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
取板蓝根采用64~69wt%的乙醇水溶液进行回流提取两次,回流提取的时间为0.5~1.5h,合并所得提取液冷藏后,直接过滤,所得滤液直接回收乙醇至无醇味,浓缩,调节pH值至中性,即得板蓝根提取液;板蓝根与乙醇水溶液的重量比为1:6~7;
取金银花采用78~82wt%的乙醇水溶液进行回流提取两次,回流提取的时间为0.5~1h,合并所得提取液冷藏后,直接过滤,所得滤液直接回收乙醇至无醇味,浓缩,调节pH值至中性,即得金银花提取液;金银花与乙醇水溶液的重量比为1:8~10;
取栀子加水煎煮两次,合并煎液,滤过,滤液浓缩后,加入乙醇经第一次冷藏进行醇沉,过滤,滤液回收乙醇至无醇味,第二次冷藏,过滤,再次加入乙醇经第三次冷藏进行醇沉,过滤,滤液回收乙醇至无醇味,第四次冷藏,再次过滤后制得栀子提取液;
取水牛角粉经氢氧化钡水溶液水解后,过滤制得水牛角水解滤液;
取珍珠母粉经硫酸水溶液水解后,过滤制得珍珠母水解滤液;
合并水牛角水解滤液和珍珠母水解滤液,调pH,过滤后,进行醇沉,得水牛角和珍珠母水解混合液;
取胆酸及猪去氧胆酸溶于乙醇水溶液中,得胆酸和猪去氧胆酸溶液;
取栀子提取液、板蓝根提取液、金银花提取液及水牛角和珍珠母水解混合液合并,加入胆酸和猪去氧胆酸溶液,混匀,醇沉,加水,得混合液;
取黄芩苷加水溶液,得黄芩苷水溶液;
取黄芩苷水溶液调pH值后,加入混合液,混匀,补加水,即得所述清开灵制剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的清开灵制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,制备所述板蓝根提取液过程中,冷藏的时间为2~3h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的清开灵制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,制备所述金银花提取液过程中,冷藏的时间为4~5h。
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